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MARC and BIBFRAME 
Linked Data for Libraries 
Trinity College Dublin 
6 November 2014 
Thomas Meehan 
tom@aurochs.org 
@orangeaurochs
Card Index Catalogue 
http://cardcat.ucl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/carddisplay.pl?card=887;drawer=13;max=931;ctype=C
AACR2 in MARC21 
245 00 $a Models for decision : 
$b a conference under the auspices of the United Kingdom 
Automation Council organised by the British Computer 
Society and the Operational Research Society / 
$c edited by C.M. Berners-Lee. 
260 __ $a London : 
$b English Universities Press, 
$c 1965. 
300 __ $a x, 149 p. : 
$b ill. ; 
$c 23 cm. 
504 __ $a Includes bibliographical references. 
700 1_ $a Berners-Lee, C. M.
RDA in MARC21 
245 00 $a Models for decision : 
$b a conference under the auspices of the United Kingdom Automation 
Council organised by the British Computer Society and the Operational 
Research Society / 
$c edited by C.M. Berners-Lee. 
264 _1 $a London : 
$b The English Universities Press Limited, 
$c 1965. 
264 _4 $c ©1965 
300 __ $a x, 149 pages : 
$b illustrations ; 
$c 23 cm. 
336 __ $a text 
$2 rdacontent 
337 __ $a unmediated 
$2 rdamedia 
338 __ $a volume 
$2 rdacarrier 
504 __ $a Includes bibliographical references. 
700 1_ $a Berners-Lee, C. M., 
$e editor.
AARC2 in .mrc 
00788nam a2200181 a 
450000100270000000500170002700800410004402400150008524502100010026000 
490031030000320035950400410039165000330043270000230046571000390048871 
0003000527710004900557_UCL01000000000000000477125_20061112120300.0_85 
0710s1965 enka b 000 0 eng _8 _ax280050495_00_aModels for decision :_ba 
conference under the auspices of the United Kingdom Automation Council organised 
by the British Computer Society and the Operational Research Society /_cedited by 
C.M. Berners-Lee._ _aLondon :_bEnglish Universities Press,_c1965._ _ax, 149 p. 
:_bill. ;_c23 cm._ _aIncludes bibliographical references._ 0_aDecision 
making_vCongresses._1 _aBerners-Lee, C. M._2 _aUnited Kingdom Automation 
Council._2 _aBritish Computer Society._2 _aOperational Research Society (Great 
Britain)__ 
Leader 
Directory 
Data 
245 field, final 710 field
Finite Notation Problem 
Too many subject schemes 
650 _0 for LCSH 
650 _1 for LC for children's literature 
650 _2 for MeSH 
… 
650 _7 Source specified in subfield $2 
Not enough indicators 
246 184 $aThe title on the spine
Data in More Than One Place 
Languages 
008 (positions 35-37) eng 
041 __ $a eng 
240 10 $l English 
546 __ $a In English.
Double Encoding: ISBD and MARC 
Waterford : Cork, 1600. 
260 __ $a Waterford 
$b Cork 
$c 1600 
260 __ $a Waterford : 
$b Cork, 
$c 1600.
Text, Not Data (1) 
ISBN 
020 __ $a 9780285638976 (pbk.) 
020 __ $a 012002618X (ebook) 
Title 
245 14 $a The rock art of Carlow : 
Place of publication 
264 _1 $a Baile Átha Cliath : 
Copyright date 
260 __ $c c2005 
264 _4 $c ©2002 
264 _4 $c copyright 2005 
264 _4 $c ℗1983 
264 _4 $c phonogram 1993 
Extent 
300 __ $a ix, 300 p. : 
300 __ $a ix, 300 p. ; 
300 __ $a ix, 300 p. 
300 __ $a ix, 300 pages : 
300 __ $a ix, 300 pages ; 
300 __ $a ix, 300 pages. 
300 __ $a ix, 300 pages 
Dimensions 
300 __ $c 23 cm. 
300 __ $c 9 mm.
Text, Not Data (2) 
ISBN 
020 __ $a 9780285638976 
020 __ $a 012002618X 
Title 
245 14 $a The rock art of Carlow : 
Place of publication 
264 _1 $a Baile Átha Cliath : 
Copyright date 
260 __ $c c2005 
264 _4 $c ©2002 
264 _4 $c copyright 2005 
264 _4 $c ℗1983 
264 _4 $c phonogram 1993 
Extent 
300 __ $a ix, 300 p. : 
300 __ $a ix, 300 p. ; 
300 __ $a ix, 300 p. 
300 __ $a ix, 300 pages : 
300 __ $a ix, 300 pages ; 
300 __ $a ix, 300 pages. 
300 __ $a ix, 300 pages 
Dimensions 
300 __ $c 23 cm. 
300 __ $c 9 mm.
Text, Not Data (3) 
ISBN 
020 __ $a 9780285638976 : 
020 __ $a 012002618X : 
Title 
245 14 $a The rock art of Carlow : 
Place of publication 
264 _1 $a Baile Átha Cliath : 
Copyright date 
260 __ $c c2005 
264 _4 $c ©2002 
264 _4 $c copyright 2005 
264 _4 $c ℗1983 
264 _4 $c phonogram 1993 
Extent 
300 __ $a ix, 300 p. : 
300 __ $a ix, 300 p. ; 
300 __ $a ix, 300 p. 
300 __ $a ix, 300 pages : 
300 __ $a ix, 300 pages ; 
300 __ $a ix, 300 pages. 
300 __ $a ix, 300 pages 
Dimensions 
300 __ $c 23 cm. 
300 __ $c 9 mm.
Data Mixed Up 
GMD 
245 10 $a Rules on the web 
$h [electronic resource] : 
$b research and applications / 
$c Antonis Bikakis, Adrian Giurca (eds.). 
245 10 $a Rules on the web 
$b research and applications / 
$c Antonis Bikakis, Adrian Giurca (eds.). 
Nothing allowed after 245$c 
245 10 $a Enduring resistance : 
$b cultural theory after Derrida / 
$c edited by Sjef Houppermans, Rico Sneller, Peter van Zilfhout. = 
La résistance persérvère : la théorie de la culture (d')aprés Derrida / edité par Sjef 
Houppermans, Rico Sneller, Peter van Zilfhout.
Changing Text as Primary Key for 
Headings and Authorities 
Author heading for deceased person 
Niemeyer, Oscar, 1907- 
Different preferences for writing name 
Mao, Tse-tung, 1893-1976 [Former heading] 
Mao, Zedong, 1893-1976 
毛泽东, 1893-1976 
Small differences could break match 
Mao, Zedong, 1893-1976. 
Mao, Zedong, 1893-1976
Expressing Relationships 
What does this mean? 
700 0_ $a Homer. 
$t Iliad. 
700 1_ $a Berners-Lee, Tim.
Record Not Data 
00788nam a2200181 a 
450000100270000000500170002700800410004402400150008524502100010026000 
490031030000320035950400410039165000330043270000230046571000390048871 
0003000527710004900557_UCL01000000000000000477125_20061112120300.0_85 
0710s1965 enka b 000 0 eng _8 _ax280050495_00_aModels for decision :_ba 
conference under the auspices of the United Kingdom Automation Council organised 
by the British Computer Society and the Operational Research Society /_cedited by 
C.M. Berners-Lee._ _aLondon :_bEnglish Universities Press,_c1965._ _ax, 149 p. 
:_bill. ;_c23 cm._ _aIncludes bibliographical references._ 0_aDecision 
making_vCongresses._1 _aBerners-Lee, C. M._2 _aUnited Kingdom Automation 
Council._2 _aBritish Computer Society._2 _aOperational Research Society (Great 
Britain)__ 
Leader 
Directory 
Data 
245 field, final 710 field
Doesn't Handle FRBR/RDA Well 
245 00 $a Models for decision : 
$b a conference under the auspices of the United Kingdom Automation 
Council organised by the British Computer Society and the Operational 
Research Society / 
$c edited by C.M. Berners-Lee. 
264 _1 $a London : 
$b The English Universities Press Limited, 
$c 1965. 
264 _4 $c ©1965 
300 __ $a x, 149 pages : 
$b illustrations ; 
$c 23 cm. 
336 __ $a text 
$2 rdacontent 
337 __ $a unmediated 
$2 rdamedia 
338 __ $a volume 
$2 rdacarrier 
504 __ $a Includes bibliographical references. 
700 1_ $a Berners-Lee, C. M., 
$e editor .
Other Considerations 
Only libraries use MARC 
– Libraries tied to library-specific software/processes 
– Outside agencies can’t take advantage of library data 
and standards (See Also: RDA not freely available) 
Not even all of libraries use MARC 
– Archives 
– Repositories 
– Non-MARC LMSs
MARC Must Die / Roy Tennant (2002)
Selected BIBFRAME Timeline 
2002. October. MARC must die (Roy Tennant) 
2006. TBL's Linked Data: Design Issues. 
2008. January. On the Record (LC report). Suggested that MARC was no longer "fit for purpose" 
2011. June. Report and Recommendations of the U.S. RDA Test Coordinating Committee. 
Reported that 
"Most felt any benefits of RDA would be largely unrealized in a MARC environment". 
2011. October. A Bibliographic Framework for the Digital Age (LC report). LC concludes from the 
two reports above to commit to a new "new bibliographic framework". 
2012. May. LC begins work with Zepheira on model. 
2014. Stabilization of model and experimentation. Still being developed (and argued over)
BIBFRAME 
BIBFRAME 
or 
Bibframe
BNB 
<http://bnb.data.bl.uk/doc/resource/015771460> dct:creator <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/person/WaughEvelyn1903-1966> .
BIBFRAME Model 
<http://www.ucl.ac.uk/example/cat17450240> bf:creator <http://www.ucl.ac.uk/example/v68937412> .
BNB 
<http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/person/WaughEvelyn1903-1966> rdfs:label "Waugh, Evelyn, 1903-1966" ; 
owl:sameAs <http://viaf.org/viaf/68937142> .
BIBFRAME Model 
<http://www.ucl.ac.uk/example/v68937412> bf:authorizedAccessPoint "Waugh, Evelyn, 1903-1966" ; 
bf:hasAuthority <http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79049248> .
BNB In Colour 
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . 
@prefix blterms: <http://www.bl.uk/schemas/bibliographic/blterms#> . 
@prefix elements: <http://iflastandards.info/ns/isbd/elements/> . 
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> . 
@prefix bibo: <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/> . 
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . 
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . 
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . 
@prefix linked-data: <http://purl.org/linked-data/api/vocab#> . 
@prefix void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#> . 
<http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/resource/015366899> blterms:bnb "GBA989316" ; 
elements:P1053 "xvi, 217 p."@en ; 
dct:title "Practical cataloguing : AACR, RDA and MARC21" ; 
bibo:isbn13 "9781856046954" ; 
rdfs:label "Practical cataloguing / Anne Welsh" ; 
bibo:isbn10 "1856046958" ; 
dct:creator <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/person/WelshAnne1972-> ; 
rdf:type dct:BibliographicResource , 
bibo:Book ; 
owl:sameAs <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/resource/GBA989316> ; 
dct:contributor <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/person/BatleySue> ; 
dct:language <http://lexvo.org/id/iso639-3/eng> ; 
dct:subject <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/concept/lcsh/DescriptivecatalogingRules> , 
<http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/concept/lcsh/FRBR%28Conceptualmodel%29> , 
<http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/concept/ddc/e22/025.32> ; 
blterms:publication <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/resource/015366899/publicationevent/LondonFacet2012> ; 
rdfs:seeAlso <http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/bookmashup/books/9781856046954> , 
<http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/bookmashup/books/1856046958> ; 
foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/doc/resource/015366899.ttl> . 
<http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/person/WelshAnne1972-> rdfs:label "Welsh, Anne, 1972-" . 
<http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/person/BatleySue> rdfs:label "Batley, Sue" . 
<http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/concept/lcsh/DescriptivecatalogingRules> rdfs:label "Descriptive cataloging--Rules" . 
<http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/resource/015366899/publicationevent/LondonFacet2012> rdfs:label "London : Facet, 2012" . 
<http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/concept/lcsh/FRBR%28Conceptualmodel%29> rdfs:label "FRBR (Conceptual model)" . 
<http://bnb.data.bl.uk/doc/resource/015366899.ttl> foaf:primaryTopic <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/resource/015366899> ; 
rdfs:label "Practical cataloguing / Anne Welsh" ; 
linked-data:definition <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/api#resource> ; 
void:inDataset <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/void> ; 
linked-data:extendedMetadataVersion <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/doc/resource/015366899.ttl?_metadata=all%2Cviews%2Cformats%2Cexecution%2Cbindings%2Csite> .
TEL In Colour 
@prefix rdaa: <http://rdaregistry.info/Elements/a/> . 
@prefix rdac: <http://rdaregistry.info/Elements/c/> . 
@prefix rdae: <http://rdaregistry.info/Elements/e/> . 
@prefix rdam: <http://rdaregistry.info/Elements/m/> . 
@prefix rdaw: <http://rdaregistry.info/Elements/w/> . 
@prefix rdau: <http://rdaregistry.info/Elements/u/> . 
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> . 
@prefix edm: <http://www.europeana.eu/schemas/edm/> . 
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . 
@prefix frbrer: <http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/> . 
@prefix ore: <http://www.openarchives.org/ore/terms/> . 
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . 
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . 
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . 
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> . 
@prefix wgs84pos: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#> . 
@prefix mods: <http://www.loc.gov/mods/rdf/v1#> . 
<http://data.theeuropeanlibrary.org/BibliographicResource/3000061122050> a dcterms:BibliographicResource ; 
rdam:P30004 "local identifier: http://data.copac.ac.uk/iid/44851484" ; 
rdau:P60049 <http://rdvocab.info/termList/RDAContentType/1020> ; 
rdam:P30003 "single unit"^^<http://rdvocab.info/termList/ModeIssue> ; 
rdau:P60520 "Unkown"@en ; 
rdam:P30004 "isbn: 9781856046954" , "isbn: 1856046958" ; 
rdam:P30156 "Practical cataloguing AACR, RDA, and MARC21" ; 
rdau:P60339 "Anne Welsh and Sue Batley." ; 
rdau:P60447 _:node18vq8n29hx1 . 
_:node18vq8n29hx1 a rdac:C10004 ; 
rdaa:P50111 "Anne. Welsh" . 
<http://data.theeuropeanlibrary.org/BibliographicResource/3000061122050> rdau:P60398 _:node18vq8n29hx2 . 
_:node18vq8n29hx2 a rdac:C10004 ; 
rdaa:P50111 "Sue. Batley" . 
<http://data.theeuropeanlibrary.org/BibliographicResource/3000061122050> rdau:P60073 "2012" ; 
rdau:P60099 <http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-2/eng> ; 
rdau:P60163 _:node18vq8n29hx3 . 
_:node18vq8n29hx3 a frbrer:C1010 ; 
owl:sameAs <http://sws.geonames.org/2643743/> ; 
rdau:P60366 "London" ; 
wgs84pos:lat "51.50853" ; 
wgs84pos:long "-0.12574" . 
<http://data.theeuropeanlibrary.org/BibliographicResource/3000061122050> rdau:P60444 _:node18vq8n29hx4 . 
_:node18vq8n29hx4 a rdac:C10005 ; 
rdaa:P50032 "Facet" . 
<http://data.theeuropeanlibrary.org/BibliographicResource/3000061122050> rdau:P60163 _:node18vq8n29hx5 ; 
dcterms:subject _:node18vq8n29hx6 . 
_:node18vq8n29hx6 a frbrer:C1007 ; 
rdfs:label "Descriptive cataloging, Rules." ; 
dcterms:hasPart _:node18vq8n29hx7 . 
_:node18vq8n29hx7 a frbrer:C1007 ; 
rdfs:label "Descriptive cataloging" . 
_:node18vq8n29hx8 a dcterms:MediaTypeOrExtent ; 
rdfs:label "Rules." . 
_:node18vq8n29hx6 dcterms:hasPart _:node18vq8n29hx8 . 
<http://data.theeuropeanlibrary.org/BibliographicResource/3000061122050> dcterms:subject _:node18vq8n29hx9 . 
_:node18vq8n29hx9 a frbrer:C1007 ; 
rdfs:label "FRBR (Conceptual model)" . 
<http://data.theeuropeanlibrary.org/BibliographicResource/3000061122050> dcterms:subject _:node18vq8n29hx10 . 
_:node18vq8n29hx10 a frbrer:C1007 ; 
rdfs:label "MARC formats." . 
<http://data.theeuropeanlibrary.org/BibliographicResource/3000061122050> dcterms:extent "xvi, 217 p. ;" , "24 cm." .
BIBFRAME in Colour 
@prefix bf: <http://bibframe.org/vocab/> . 
@prefix madsrdf: <http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#> . 
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . 
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . 
@prefix relators: <http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/> . 
@prefix xml: <http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace> . 
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . 
<http://id.loc.gov//resources/bibs/17144859> a bf:Text, 
bf:Work ; 
bf:authorizedAccessPoint "Welsh, Anne, 1972- Practical cataloguing : AACR, RDA and MARC21", 
"batleysuewelshanne1972practicalcataloguingaacrrdaandmarc21engworktext"@x-bf-hashable ; 
bf:classification [ a bf:Classification ; 
bf:classificationEdition "full" ; 
bf:classificationNumber "025.3/2" ; 
bf:classificationScheme "ddc" ; 
bf:label "025.3/2" ] ; 
bf:classificationLcc <http://id.loc.gov/authorities/classification/Z694> ; 
bf:contributor [ a bf:Person ; 
bf:authorizedAccessPoint "Batley, Sue." ; 
bf:hasAuthority [ a madsrdf:Authority ; 
madsrdf:authoritativeLabel "Batley, Sue." ] ; 
bf:label "Batley, Sue." ] ; 
bf:creator [ a bf:Person ; 
bf:authorizedAccessPoint "Welsh, Anne, 1972-" ; 
bf:hasAuthority [ a madsrdf:Authority ; 
madsrdf:authoritativeLabel "Welsh, Anne, 1972-" ] ; 
bf:label "Welsh, Anne, 1972-" ] ; 
bf:derivedFrom <http://id.loc.gov//resources/bibs/17144859.marcxml.xml> ; 
bf:hasAnnotation [ a bf:Annotation ; 
bf:annotates <http://id.loc.gov//resources/bibs/17144859> ; 
bf:changeDate "2012-07-19T09:47" ; 
bf:derivedFrom <http://id.loc.gov//resources/bibs/17144859.marcxml.xml> ; 
bf:descriptionConventions <http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/descriptionConventions/aacr2> ; 
bf:descriptionSource [ a bf:Identifier ; 
bf:identifierScheme "descriptionSource" ; 
bf:identifierValue "DLC" ] ; 
bf:generationProcess "DLC transform-tool:2014-07-21-T17:00:00" ] ; 
bf:hasInstance [ a bf:Instance, 
bf:Monograph ; 
bf:contentsNote "Catalogues and cataloguing standards -- The FRBRization of the catalogue -- Bibliographic elements -- Access points and headings -- RDA: resource description and access -- AACR and RDA -- MARC 21 -- Practical cataloguing bringing it all together -- The birth of RDA and the death of MARC? -- Examples." ; 
bf:derivedFrom <http://id.loc.gov//resources/bibs/17144859.marcxml.xml> ; 
bf:dimensions "24 cm" ; 
bf:heldItem [ a bf:HeldItem ; 
bf:label "Z694 .W425 2012" ; 
bf:shelfMarkLcc "Z694 .W425 2012" ] ; 
bf:illustrationNote "illustrations ;" ; 
bf:instanceOf <http://id.loc.gov//resources/bibs/17144859> ; 
bf:instanceTitle [ a bf:Title ; 
bf:subtitle "AACR, RDA and MARC21 /" ; 
bf:titleValue "Practical cataloguing" ] ; 
bf:isbn10 [ a bf:Identifier ; 
bf:identifierQualifier "acid free" ; 
bf:identifierScheme "isbn" ; 
bf:identifierValue "1555707432" ], 
<http://isbn.example.org/1555707432> ; 
bf:isbn13 <http://isbn.example.org/9781555707439> ; 
bf:lccn [ a bf:Identifier ; 
bf:identifierScheme "lccn" ; 
bf:identifierValue "2012000552" ] ; 
bf:modeOfIssuance "monographic" ; 
bf:note "Published simultaneously in the United Kingdom by Facet Publishing." ; 
bf:providerStatement "New York Neal-Schuman Publishers, imprint of American Library Association, c2012." ; 
bf:publication [ a bf:Provider ; 
bf:copyrightDate "c2012." ; 
bf:providerName [ a bf:Organization ; 
bf:label "Neal-Schuman Publishers, imprint of American Library Association" ] ; 
bf:providerPlace [ a bf:Place ; 
bf:label "New York" ] ] ; 
bf:responsibilityStatement "Anne Welsh and Sue Batley." ; 
bf:supplementaryContentNote "Includes bibliographical references and index." ; 
bf:title "Practical cataloguing : AACR, RDA and MARC21 (alk. paper)", 
"Practical cataloguingAACR, RDA and MARC21 / (alk. paper)" ; 
bf:titleStatement "Practical cataloguing AACR, RDA and MARC21 / Anne Welsh and Sue Batley." ] ; 
bf:language <http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/languages/eng> ; 
bf:note "Published simultaneously in the United Kingdom by Facet Publishing." ; 
bf:subject [ a bf:Work ; 
bf:authorizedAccessPoint "Resource description & access" ; 
bf:label "Resource description & access" ; 
bf:title "Resource description & access" ], 
[ a bf:Work ; 
bf:authorizedAccessPoint "Anglo-American cataloguing rules" ; 
bf:label "Anglo-American cataloguing rules" ; 
bf:title "Anglo-American cataloguing rules" ], 
[ a bf:Topic ; 
bf:authorizedAccessPoint "MARC formats--Handbooks, manuals, etc" ; 
bf:hasAuthority [ a madsrdf:Authority, 
madsrdf:ComplexSubject ; 
madsrdf:authoritativeLabel "MARC formats--Handbooks, manuals, etc"@en ] ; 
bf:label "MARC formats--Handbooks, manuals, etc" ], 
[ a bf:Topic ; 
bf:authorizedAccessPoint "Descriptive cataloging--Handbooks, manuals, etc" ; 
bf:hasAuthority [ a madsrdf:Authority, 
madsrdf:ComplexSubject ; 
madsrdf:authoritativeLabel "Descriptive cataloging--Handbooks, manuals, etc"@en ] ; 
bf:label "Descriptive cataloging--Handbooks, manuals, etc" ] ; 
bf:title "Practical cataloguing : AACR, RDA and MARC21" ; 
bf:workTitle [ a bf:Title ; 
bf:subtitle "AACR, RDA and MARC21 /" ; 
bf:titleValue "Practical cataloguing" ] .
The BIBFRAME Model
FRBR and BIBFRAME 
FRBR 
Work 
Expression 
Manifestation 
Item 
BIBFRAME 
Work 
Instance 
Annotation
Example Issue: BIBFRAME Person 
A BIBFRAME 
Person is a 
person. 
A BIBFRAME 
Person is a 
controlled 
personal 
name.
Changes in Cataloguing I 
ISBD 
| 
AACR2 
| 
MARC 
FRBR 
| 
RDA 
| 
MARC
Changes in Cataloguing II 
ISBD 
| 
AACR2 
| 
MARC 
FRBR 
| 
RDA 
| 
BIBFRAME
Context 
Linked data > BIBFRAME 
Metadata > Cataloguing
Changes in Cataloguing III 
ISBD 
| 
AACR2 
| 
MARC 
ISBD/FRBR/ISBRBR 
| 
AACR2/RDA/AACRDA 
| 
BIBFRAME/sche 
ma.org/bibo/dct 
/foaf/owl/rdf/rdfs/madsrdf/ 
edm/rdau/rdaw/rdae/rdam/rdaa/rdac/frbrer/void/blterms/ 
isbd/skos/wgs84pos/etc
Finding Out More 
General Information 
BIBFRAME website. http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/ 
BIBFRAME email list. 
http://listserv.loc.gov/listarch/bibframe.html 
Some Sample Criticism 
Greenall, Rurik. Brinxmat's Blog. http://brinxmat.wordpress.com/?s=bibframe 
Sanderson, Rob. Differences between BibFrame and other Linked Open Data 
Approaches. 
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1yyVKeYQkBucZqSoQ2qY17vrER46- 
S6Tw6lY8uqA5xxQ/edit 
Pohl, Adrian. Name Authority Files and Linked Data. 
http://www.uebertext.org/2014/07/name-authority-files-linked-data.html
MARC and BIBFRAME 
Linked Data for Libraries 
Trinity College Dublin 
6 November 2014 
Thomas Meehan 
tom@aurochs.org 
@orangeaurochs

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MARC and BIBFRAME

  • 1. MARC and BIBFRAME Linked Data for Libraries Trinity College Dublin 6 November 2014 Thomas Meehan tom@aurochs.org @orangeaurochs
  • 2. Card Index Catalogue http://cardcat.ucl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/carddisplay.pl?card=887;drawer=13;max=931;ctype=C
  • 3. AACR2 in MARC21 245 00 $a Models for decision : $b a conference under the auspices of the United Kingdom Automation Council organised by the British Computer Society and the Operational Research Society / $c edited by C.M. Berners-Lee. 260 __ $a London : $b English Universities Press, $c 1965. 300 __ $a x, 149 p. : $b ill. ; $c 23 cm. 504 __ $a Includes bibliographical references. 700 1_ $a Berners-Lee, C. M.
  • 4. RDA in MARC21 245 00 $a Models for decision : $b a conference under the auspices of the United Kingdom Automation Council organised by the British Computer Society and the Operational Research Society / $c edited by C.M. Berners-Lee. 264 _1 $a London : $b The English Universities Press Limited, $c 1965. 264 _4 $c ©1965 300 __ $a x, 149 pages : $b illustrations ; $c 23 cm. 336 __ $a text $2 rdacontent 337 __ $a unmediated $2 rdamedia 338 __ $a volume $2 rdacarrier 504 __ $a Includes bibliographical references. 700 1_ $a Berners-Lee, C. M., $e editor.
  • 5. AARC2 in .mrc 00788nam a2200181 a 450000100270000000500170002700800410004402400150008524502100010026000 490031030000320035950400410039165000330043270000230046571000390048871 0003000527710004900557_UCL01000000000000000477125_20061112120300.0_85 0710s1965 enka b 000 0 eng _8 _ax280050495_00_aModels for decision :_ba conference under the auspices of the United Kingdom Automation Council organised by the British Computer Society and the Operational Research Society /_cedited by C.M. Berners-Lee._ _aLondon :_bEnglish Universities Press,_c1965._ _ax, 149 p. :_bill. ;_c23 cm._ _aIncludes bibliographical references._ 0_aDecision making_vCongresses._1 _aBerners-Lee, C. M._2 _aUnited Kingdom Automation Council._2 _aBritish Computer Society._2 _aOperational Research Society (Great Britain)__ Leader Directory Data 245 field, final 710 field
  • 6. Finite Notation Problem Too many subject schemes 650 _0 for LCSH 650 _1 for LC for children's literature 650 _2 for MeSH … 650 _7 Source specified in subfield $2 Not enough indicators 246 184 $aThe title on the spine
  • 7. Data in More Than One Place Languages 008 (positions 35-37) eng 041 __ $a eng 240 10 $l English 546 __ $a In English.
  • 8. Double Encoding: ISBD and MARC Waterford : Cork, 1600. 260 __ $a Waterford $b Cork $c 1600 260 __ $a Waterford : $b Cork, $c 1600.
  • 9. Text, Not Data (1) ISBN 020 __ $a 9780285638976 (pbk.) 020 __ $a 012002618X (ebook) Title 245 14 $a The rock art of Carlow : Place of publication 264 _1 $a Baile Átha Cliath : Copyright date 260 __ $c c2005 264 _4 $c ©2002 264 _4 $c copyright 2005 264 _4 $c ℗1983 264 _4 $c phonogram 1993 Extent 300 __ $a ix, 300 p. : 300 __ $a ix, 300 p. ; 300 __ $a ix, 300 p. 300 __ $a ix, 300 pages : 300 __ $a ix, 300 pages ; 300 __ $a ix, 300 pages. 300 __ $a ix, 300 pages Dimensions 300 __ $c 23 cm. 300 __ $c 9 mm.
  • 10. Text, Not Data (2) ISBN 020 __ $a 9780285638976 020 __ $a 012002618X Title 245 14 $a The rock art of Carlow : Place of publication 264 _1 $a Baile Átha Cliath : Copyright date 260 __ $c c2005 264 _4 $c ©2002 264 _4 $c copyright 2005 264 _4 $c ℗1983 264 _4 $c phonogram 1993 Extent 300 __ $a ix, 300 p. : 300 __ $a ix, 300 p. ; 300 __ $a ix, 300 p. 300 __ $a ix, 300 pages : 300 __ $a ix, 300 pages ; 300 __ $a ix, 300 pages. 300 __ $a ix, 300 pages Dimensions 300 __ $c 23 cm. 300 __ $c 9 mm.
  • 11. Text, Not Data (3) ISBN 020 __ $a 9780285638976 : 020 __ $a 012002618X : Title 245 14 $a The rock art of Carlow : Place of publication 264 _1 $a Baile Átha Cliath : Copyright date 260 __ $c c2005 264 _4 $c ©2002 264 _4 $c copyright 2005 264 _4 $c ℗1983 264 _4 $c phonogram 1993 Extent 300 __ $a ix, 300 p. : 300 __ $a ix, 300 p. ; 300 __ $a ix, 300 p. 300 __ $a ix, 300 pages : 300 __ $a ix, 300 pages ; 300 __ $a ix, 300 pages. 300 __ $a ix, 300 pages Dimensions 300 __ $c 23 cm. 300 __ $c 9 mm.
  • 12. Data Mixed Up GMD 245 10 $a Rules on the web $h [electronic resource] : $b research and applications / $c Antonis Bikakis, Adrian Giurca (eds.). 245 10 $a Rules on the web $b research and applications / $c Antonis Bikakis, Adrian Giurca (eds.). Nothing allowed after 245$c 245 10 $a Enduring resistance : $b cultural theory after Derrida / $c edited by Sjef Houppermans, Rico Sneller, Peter van Zilfhout. = La résistance persérvère : la théorie de la culture (d')aprés Derrida / edité par Sjef Houppermans, Rico Sneller, Peter van Zilfhout.
  • 13. Changing Text as Primary Key for Headings and Authorities Author heading for deceased person Niemeyer, Oscar, 1907- Different preferences for writing name Mao, Tse-tung, 1893-1976 [Former heading] Mao, Zedong, 1893-1976 毛泽东, 1893-1976 Small differences could break match Mao, Zedong, 1893-1976. Mao, Zedong, 1893-1976
  • 14. Expressing Relationships What does this mean? 700 0_ $a Homer. $t Iliad. 700 1_ $a Berners-Lee, Tim.
  • 15. Record Not Data 00788nam a2200181 a 450000100270000000500170002700800410004402400150008524502100010026000 490031030000320035950400410039165000330043270000230046571000390048871 0003000527710004900557_UCL01000000000000000477125_20061112120300.0_85 0710s1965 enka b 000 0 eng _8 _ax280050495_00_aModels for decision :_ba conference under the auspices of the United Kingdom Automation Council organised by the British Computer Society and the Operational Research Society /_cedited by C.M. Berners-Lee._ _aLondon :_bEnglish Universities Press,_c1965._ _ax, 149 p. :_bill. ;_c23 cm._ _aIncludes bibliographical references._ 0_aDecision making_vCongresses._1 _aBerners-Lee, C. M._2 _aUnited Kingdom Automation Council._2 _aBritish Computer Society._2 _aOperational Research Society (Great Britain)__ Leader Directory Data 245 field, final 710 field
  • 16. Doesn't Handle FRBR/RDA Well 245 00 $a Models for decision : $b a conference under the auspices of the United Kingdom Automation Council organised by the British Computer Society and the Operational Research Society / $c edited by C.M. Berners-Lee. 264 _1 $a London : $b The English Universities Press Limited, $c 1965. 264 _4 $c ©1965 300 __ $a x, 149 pages : $b illustrations ; $c 23 cm. 336 __ $a text $2 rdacontent 337 __ $a unmediated $2 rdamedia 338 __ $a volume $2 rdacarrier 504 __ $a Includes bibliographical references. 700 1_ $a Berners-Lee, C. M., $e editor .
  • 17. Other Considerations Only libraries use MARC – Libraries tied to library-specific software/processes – Outside agencies can’t take advantage of library data and standards (See Also: RDA not freely available) Not even all of libraries use MARC – Archives – Repositories – Non-MARC LMSs
  • 18. MARC Must Die / Roy Tennant (2002)
  • 19. Selected BIBFRAME Timeline 2002. October. MARC must die (Roy Tennant) 2006. TBL's Linked Data: Design Issues. 2008. January. On the Record (LC report). Suggested that MARC was no longer "fit for purpose" 2011. June. Report and Recommendations of the U.S. RDA Test Coordinating Committee. Reported that "Most felt any benefits of RDA would be largely unrealized in a MARC environment". 2011. October. A Bibliographic Framework for the Digital Age (LC report). LC concludes from the two reports above to commit to a new "new bibliographic framework". 2012. May. LC begins work with Zepheira on model. 2014. Stabilization of model and experimentation. Still being developed (and argued over)
  • 21. BNB <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/doc/resource/015771460> dct:creator <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/person/WaughEvelyn1903-1966> .
  • 22. BIBFRAME Model <http://www.ucl.ac.uk/example/cat17450240> bf:creator <http://www.ucl.ac.uk/example/v68937412> .
  • 23. BNB <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/person/WaughEvelyn1903-1966> rdfs:label "Waugh, Evelyn, 1903-1966" ; owl:sameAs <http://viaf.org/viaf/68937142> .
  • 24. BIBFRAME Model <http://www.ucl.ac.uk/example/v68937412> bf:authorizedAccessPoint "Waugh, Evelyn, 1903-1966" ; bf:hasAuthority <http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79049248> .
  • 25. BNB In Colour @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . @prefix blterms: <http://www.bl.uk/schemas/bibliographic/blterms#> . @prefix elements: <http://iflastandards.info/ns/isbd/elements/> . @prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> . @prefix bibo: <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix linked-data: <http://purl.org/linked-data/api/vocab#> . @prefix void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#> . <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/resource/015366899> blterms:bnb "GBA989316" ; elements:P1053 "xvi, 217 p."@en ; dct:title "Practical cataloguing : AACR, RDA and MARC21" ; bibo:isbn13 "9781856046954" ; rdfs:label "Practical cataloguing / Anne Welsh" ; bibo:isbn10 "1856046958" ; dct:creator <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/person/WelshAnne1972-> ; rdf:type dct:BibliographicResource , bibo:Book ; owl:sameAs <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/resource/GBA989316> ; dct:contributor <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/person/BatleySue> ; dct:language <http://lexvo.org/id/iso639-3/eng> ; dct:subject <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/concept/lcsh/DescriptivecatalogingRules> , <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/concept/lcsh/FRBR%28Conceptualmodel%29> , <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/concept/ddc/e22/025.32> ; blterms:publication <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/resource/015366899/publicationevent/LondonFacet2012> ; rdfs:seeAlso <http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/bookmashup/books/9781856046954> , <http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/bookmashup/books/1856046958> ; foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/doc/resource/015366899.ttl> . <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/person/WelshAnne1972-> rdfs:label "Welsh, Anne, 1972-" . <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/person/BatleySue> rdfs:label "Batley, Sue" . <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/concept/lcsh/DescriptivecatalogingRules> rdfs:label "Descriptive cataloging--Rules" . <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/resource/015366899/publicationevent/LondonFacet2012> rdfs:label "London : Facet, 2012" . <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/concept/lcsh/FRBR%28Conceptualmodel%29> rdfs:label "FRBR (Conceptual model)" . <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/doc/resource/015366899.ttl> foaf:primaryTopic <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/id/resource/015366899> ; rdfs:label "Practical cataloguing / Anne Welsh" ; linked-data:definition <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/api#resource> ; void:inDataset <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/void> ; linked-data:extendedMetadataVersion <http://bnb.data.bl.uk/doc/resource/015366899.ttl?_metadata=all%2Cviews%2Cformats%2Cexecution%2Cbindings%2Csite> .
  • 26. TEL In Colour @prefix rdaa: <http://rdaregistry.info/Elements/a/> . @prefix rdac: <http://rdaregistry.info/Elements/c/> . @prefix rdae: <http://rdaregistry.info/Elements/e/> . @prefix rdam: <http://rdaregistry.info/Elements/m/> . @prefix rdaw: <http://rdaregistry.info/Elements/w/> . @prefix rdau: <http://rdaregistry.info/Elements/u/> . @prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> . @prefix edm: <http://www.europeana.eu/schemas/edm/> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix frbrer: <http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/> . @prefix ore: <http://www.openarchives.org/ore/terms/> . @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> . @prefix wgs84pos: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#> . @prefix mods: <http://www.loc.gov/mods/rdf/v1#> . <http://data.theeuropeanlibrary.org/BibliographicResource/3000061122050> a dcterms:BibliographicResource ; rdam:P30004 "local identifier: http://data.copac.ac.uk/iid/44851484" ; rdau:P60049 <http://rdvocab.info/termList/RDAContentType/1020> ; rdam:P30003 "single unit"^^<http://rdvocab.info/termList/ModeIssue> ; rdau:P60520 "Unkown"@en ; rdam:P30004 "isbn: 9781856046954" , "isbn: 1856046958" ; rdam:P30156 "Practical cataloguing AACR, RDA, and MARC21" ; rdau:P60339 "Anne Welsh and Sue Batley." ; rdau:P60447 _:node18vq8n29hx1 . _:node18vq8n29hx1 a rdac:C10004 ; rdaa:P50111 "Anne. Welsh" . <http://data.theeuropeanlibrary.org/BibliographicResource/3000061122050> rdau:P60398 _:node18vq8n29hx2 . _:node18vq8n29hx2 a rdac:C10004 ; rdaa:P50111 "Sue. Batley" . <http://data.theeuropeanlibrary.org/BibliographicResource/3000061122050> rdau:P60073 "2012" ; rdau:P60099 <http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-2/eng> ; rdau:P60163 _:node18vq8n29hx3 . _:node18vq8n29hx3 a frbrer:C1010 ; owl:sameAs <http://sws.geonames.org/2643743/> ; rdau:P60366 "London" ; wgs84pos:lat "51.50853" ; wgs84pos:long "-0.12574" . <http://data.theeuropeanlibrary.org/BibliographicResource/3000061122050> rdau:P60444 _:node18vq8n29hx4 . _:node18vq8n29hx4 a rdac:C10005 ; rdaa:P50032 "Facet" . <http://data.theeuropeanlibrary.org/BibliographicResource/3000061122050> rdau:P60163 _:node18vq8n29hx5 ; dcterms:subject _:node18vq8n29hx6 . _:node18vq8n29hx6 a frbrer:C1007 ; rdfs:label "Descriptive cataloging, Rules." ; dcterms:hasPart _:node18vq8n29hx7 . _:node18vq8n29hx7 a frbrer:C1007 ; rdfs:label "Descriptive cataloging" . _:node18vq8n29hx8 a dcterms:MediaTypeOrExtent ; rdfs:label "Rules." . _:node18vq8n29hx6 dcterms:hasPart _:node18vq8n29hx8 . <http://data.theeuropeanlibrary.org/BibliographicResource/3000061122050> dcterms:subject _:node18vq8n29hx9 . _:node18vq8n29hx9 a frbrer:C1007 ; rdfs:label "FRBR (Conceptual model)" . <http://data.theeuropeanlibrary.org/BibliographicResource/3000061122050> dcterms:subject _:node18vq8n29hx10 . _:node18vq8n29hx10 a frbrer:C1007 ; rdfs:label "MARC formats." . <http://data.theeuropeanlibrary.org/BibliographicResource/3000061122050> dcterms:extent "xvi, 217 p. ;" , "24 cm." .
  • 27. BIBFRAME in Colour @prefix bf: <http://bibframe.org/vocab/> . @prefix madsrdf: <http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#> . @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix relators: <http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/> . @prefix xml: <http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace> . @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . <http://id.loc.gov//resources/bibs/17144859> a bf:Text, bf:Work ; bf:authorizedAccessPoint "Welsh, Anne, 1972- Practical cataloguing : AACR, RDA and MARC21", "batleysuewelshanne1972practicalcataloguingaacrrdaandmarc21engworktext"@x-bf-hashable ; bf:classification [ a bf:Classification ; bf:classificationEdition "full" ; bf:classificationNumber "025.3/2" ; bf:classificationScheme "ddc" ; bf:label "025.3/2" ] ; bf:classificationLcc <http://id.loc.gov/authorities/classification/Z694> ; bf:contributor [ a bf:Person ; bf:authorizedAccessPoint "Batley, Sue." ; bf:hasAuthority [ a madsrdf:Authority ; madsrdf:authoritativeLabel "Batley, Sue." ] ; bf:label "Batley, Sue." ] ; bf:creator [ a bf:Person ; bf:authorizedAccessPoint "Welsh, Anne, 1972-" ; bf:hasAuthority [ a madsrdf:Authority ; madsrdf:authoritativeLabel "Welsh, Anne, 1972-" ] ; bf:label "Welsh, Anne, 1972-" ] ; bf:derivedFrom <http://id.loc.gov//resources/bibs/17144859.marcxml.xml> ; bf:hasAnnotation [ a bf:Annotation ; bf:annotates <http://id.loc.gov//resources/bibs/17144859> ; bf:changeDate "2012-07-19T09:47" ; bf:derivedFrom <http://id.loc.gov//resources/bibs/17144859.marcxml.xml> ; bf:descriptionConventions <http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/descriptionConventions/aacr2> ; bf:descriptionSource [ a bf:Identifier ; bf:identifierScheme "descriptionSource" ; bf:identifierValue "DLC" ] ; bf:generationProcess "DLC transform-tool:2014-07-21-T17:00:00" ] ; bf:hasInstance [ a bf:Instance, bf:Monograph ; bf:contentsNote "Catalogues and cataloguing standards -- The FRBRization of the catalogue -- Bibliographic elements -- Access points and headings -- RDA: resource description and access -- AACR and RDA -- MARC 21 -- Practical cataloguing bringing it all together -- The birth of RDA and the death of MARC? -- Examples." ; bf:derivedFrom <http://id.loc.gov//resources/bibs/17144859.marcxml.xml> ; bf:dimensions "24 cm" ; bf:heldItem [ a bf:HeldItem ; bf:label "Z694 .W425 2012" ; bf:shelfMarkLcc "Z694 .W425 2012" ] ; bf:illustrationNote "illustrations ;" ; bf:instanceOf <http://id.loc.gov//resources/bibs/17144859> ; bf:instanceTitle [ a bf:Title ; bf:subtitle "AACR, RDA and MARC21 /" ; bf:titleValue "Practical cataloguing" ] ; bf:isbn10 [ a bf:Identifier ; bf:identifierQualifier "acid free" ; bf:identifierScheme "isbn" ; bf:identifierValue "1555707432" ], <http://isbn.example.org/1555707432> ; bf:isbn13 <http://isbn.example.org/9781555707439> ; bf:lccn [ a bf:Identifier ; bf:identifierScheme "lccn" ; bf:identifierValue "2012000552" ] ; bf:modeOfIssuance "monographic" ; bf:note "Published simultaneously in the United Kingdom by Facet Publishing." ; bf:providerStatement "New York Neal-Schuman Publishers, imprint of American Library Association, c2012." ; bf:publication [ a bf:Provider ; bf:copyrightDate "c2012." ; bf:providerName [ a bf:Organization ; bf:label "Neal-Schuman Publishers, imprint of American Library Association" ] ; bf:providerPlace [ a bf:Place ; bf:label "New York" ] ] ; bf:responsibilityStatement "Anne Welsh and Sue Batley." ; bf:supplementaryContentNote "Includes bibliographical references and index." ; bf:title "Practical cataloguing : AACR, RDA and MARC21 (alk. paper)", "Practical cataloguingAACR, RDA and MARC21 / (alk. paper)" ; bf:titleStatement "Practical cataloguing AACR, RDA and MARC21 / Anne Welsh and Sue Batley." ] ; bf:language <http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/languages/eng> ; bf:note "Published simultaneously in the United Kingdom by Facet Publishing." ; bf:subject [ a bf:Work ; bf:authorizedAccessPoint "Resource description & access" ; bf:label "Resource description & access" ; bf:title "Resource description & access" ], [ a bf:Work ; bf:authorizedAccessPoint "Anglo-American cataloguing rules" ; bf:label "Anglo-American cataloguing rules" ; bf:title "Anglo-American cataloguing rules" ], [ a bf:Topic ; bf:authorizedAccessPoint "MARC formats--Handbooks, manuals, etc" ; bf:hasAuthority [ a madsrdf:Authority, madsrdf:ComplexSubject ; madsrdf:authoritativeLabel "MARC formats--Handbooks, manuals, etc"@en ] ; bf:label "MARC formats--Handbooks, manuals, etc" ], [ a bf:Topic ; bf:authorizedAccessPoint "Descriptive cataloging--Handbooks, manuals, etc" ; bf:hasAuthority [ a madsrdf:Authority, madsrdf:ComplexSubject ; madsrdf:authoritativeLabel "Descriptive cataloging--Handbooks, manuals, etc"@en ] ; bf:label "Descriptive cataloging--Handbooks, manuals, etc" ] ; bf:title "Practical cataloguing : AACR, RDA and MARC21" ; bf:workTitle [ a bf:Title ; bf:subtitle "AACR, RDA and MARC21 /" ; bf:titleValue "Practical cataloguing" ] .
  • 29. FRBR and BIBFRAME FRBR Work Expression Manifestation Item BIBFRAME Work Instance Annotation
  • 30. Example Issue: BIBFRAME Person A BIBFRAME Person is a person. A BIBFRAME Person is a controlled personal name.
  • 31. Changes in Cataloguing I ISBD | AACR2 | MARC FRBR | RDA | MARC
  • 32. Changes in Cataloguing II ISBD | AACR2 | MARC FRBR | RDA | BIBFRAME
  • 33. Context Linked data > BIBFRAME Metadata > Cataloguing
  • 34. Changes in Cataloguing III ISBD | AACR2 | MARC ISBD/FRBR/ISBRBR | AACR2/RDA/AACRDA | BIBFRAME/sche ma.org/bibo/dct /foaf/owl/rdf/rdfs/madsrdf/ edm/rdau/rdaw/rdae/rdam/rdaa/rdac/frbrer/void/blterms/ isbd/skos/wgs84pos/etc
  • 35. Finding Out More General Information BIBFRAME website. http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/ BIBFRAME email list. http://listserv.loc.gov/listarch/bibframe.html Some Sample Criticism Greenall, Rurik. Brinxmat's Blog. http://brinxmat.wordpress.com/?s=bibframe Sanderson, Rob. Differences between BibFrame and other Linked Open Data Approaches. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1yyVKeYQkBucZqSoQ2qY17vrER46- S6Tw6lY8uqA5xxQ/edit Pohl, Adrian. Name Authority Files and Linked Data. http://www.uebertext.org/2014/07/name-authority-files-linked-data.html
  • 36. MARC and BIBFRAME Linked Data for Libraries Trinity College Dublin 6 November 2014 Thomas Meehan tom@aurochs.org @orangeaurochs

Editor's Notes

  1. First, a brief discussion of MARC and why there is felt to be a need to replace it. Second, a introduction to Bibframe, what it looks like and the kind of issues that surround it. When being critical of MARC, it's wise and interesting to bear in mind that many of its faults actually stem from the cataloguing rules they encode: the way they are so closely bound up together creates many of the problems.
  2. In the beginning was the index card. This is basically text, designed to be brief but readable by people. The elements are separated by punctuation.
  3. MARC was created to essentially mount that index card onto a computer and share it. It is ideally placed to recreate the index card's data for human consumption. This could be for printing out more index cards, compiling a dictionary catalogue, or even a display screen for an OPAC, at least if you want to recreate the index card layout.
  4. This is the same thing with an RDA record. Although RDA is in theory free of ISBD, MARC21 carries it with it like an albatross round its neck. In many ways, even this is in reality an abstraction of MARC…
  5. This is what MARC actually looks like! Most of what we actually see of MARC is an abstraction for display or editing. If RDF/XML or JSON-LD looks confusing, it's worth bearing that in mind. And whereas RDF serializations are actually human readable if not easy to do so, a raw MARC record needs more superhuman capabilities. To get any bit of information out, the data needs to pulled apart first. At the top is the Leader, which includes some basic information about the record. Next is the Directory, which has information about the fields and their length. The third part is the data itself: note the MARC fields are all absent, as are the subfield markers. There are markers there but they are hidden! There is one invisible code to end the record, another to end each field, and a third to mark the beginning of subfields. In the above example, I've replaced all the hidden codes with underscores so you get an idea what's there.
  6. If you are familiar with the deficiences of Dewey, which is constrained by its notation, this will ring a bell. Answer: SuperMARC!
  7. Admittedly, contexts can vary here, but do note the variety of methods for formatting the content too: codes, controlled full-language, language in free text.
  8. A particularly MARC21 problem: First, ISBD punctuation only Second, MARC only Both of these make sense on their own. However we put them back together! Third, MARC and ISBD. This makes human editing harder than it needs to be and automatic processing a real headache.
  9. Many MARC data elements contain text. Especially when isolated they become harder to make sense of In the ISBN examples, qualifiers are included in the subfield. With the new subfield $q, this is at least partially solved…
  10. …as this data is moved elsewhere \o/ … although
  11. … the pricing and availability information still needs punctuation in front of it. 8-( The title and place of publication both have extraneous punctuation after them too. This is important as the place of publication is not Köln :, it is Köln, or possibly Cologne, or the place we call Cologne, but the Germans call Köln (unless you speak the local dialect: Kölle) but the Romans called Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium, and so on. The extent example shows the punctuation for an element divorced from the element it represents. This has to be cleaned out before any processing as to its meaning can take place. Even then, the units in this and the dimensions examples are mixed in with the numbers and can be very variable.
  12. In the first example, some data about the media type is stuck in the middle of the title! Whatever the benefits of the GMD, this is not a good place to put it. If we try to take out that one data element we end up with the second example, which is no good either! In the third example, a lot of fine grained data is essentially dumped in a single box and it would be very hard to retrieve it. Clearly in this case, the record is designed only to provide display.
  13. In the first example, poor Mr Niemeyer has passed away, so the heading changes. This is not helpful for linking or matching. Not to mention the huge maintenance issues. In the second case, preferences changes, or different communities might want to display different strings to users. The third example shows the kind of small textual issues that can break matching. LMS's indexing these have to process these to figure out they match. I had exactly this problem using Cambridge linked data: I searched under the string.
  14. Both these 700s express a relationship of some kind. But what? RDA, and the apparently enthusiastic adoption of relationship designators, have at least done something to address this with the $e. (Although note the weird comma between the heading and the relationship designator!): this is similar to the previous problem with the GMD
  15. To do anything, you have to take the MARC file to bits. One piece of information will not stand alone.
  16. MARC is record based, and that record is a Manifestation record. However, Expression level elements are spread throughout (in red). Work and Expression level elements are implied and not explicit (e.g. title). There are internal relationships here: we know Berners-Lee is an expression level relationship merely by the relationship: the 700 and the $e otherwise give nothing away. Think of the language example given above: machine-readable expression information is all over the place. "Many survey respondents expressed doubt that RDA changes would yield significant benefits without a change to the underlying MARC carrier. "Most felt any benefits of RDA would be largely unrealized in a MARC environment.  MARC may hinder the separation of elements and ability to use URIs in a linked data environment.  "While the Coordinating Committee tried to gather RDA records produced in schemas other than MARC, very few records were received." "Demonstrate credible progress towards a replacement for MARC" -- Report and Recommendations of the U.S. RDA Test Coordinating Committee. Executive Summary
  17. e.g. Primo converts all data, even MARC, into something else before processing.
  18. Twelve years ago, Roy Tennant addressed many of these issues, recognising in particular that AACR2 and MARC are so closely entwined and focussed on the card catalogue. - Unreadably esoteric format Granularity. E.g. authors' first and last names all in a string. Roles hidden within text in the title field! Extensibility, e.g. adding contents notes or additional content Clumsy handling of different scripts Technical marginalisation, i.e. only libraries use MARC limits us to niche vendors "With the advent of the web, XML, portable computing, and other technological advances, libraries can become flexible, responsive organizations that serve their users in exciting new ways. Or not. If libraries cling to outdated standards, they will find it increasingly difficult to serve their clients as they expect and deserve." Twelve years later, not much has changed.
  19. A very selective timeline of Bibframe developments. N.B. Zepheira are technically involved now but still involved in some related efforts: BIBFLOW (a UC Davis/Zepheira project to look at workflows in an RDA/Bibframe-style environment) – Libhub (a Zepheira initiative looking at increasing the visibility of libraries on the web: current partners: Denver Public Library, Multnomah County Library, German National Library).
  20. Bibframe of course aims to be linked data in order to benefit from the all that means. A good way to approach this is to compare it to an existing effort. E.g. the British Library model. For comparison this is a single triple from the British Library data model. Reused existing vocabularies!
  21. This is a theoretical example of Bibframe, imagining that we at UCL have a linked data server set up.
  22. Again, re-used existing vocabularies, except where there was nothing to fit. Again, links to external resources as well as giving the text of the person's name.
  23. Notice how all the properties are BIBFRAME-specific. BIBFRAME is very like this, unusually so, arguably for reasons of security and control. Schema.org also is but is much less ambitious or complicated. None of this is supported by library systems, and that is part of the point! MARC locks us into library-specific specialised software. Using linked data frees us, at least in theory. There is the danger with BIBFRAME being such an 'official' standard that this is what everyone will follow. Not necessarily a good thing.
  24. This is the basic Bibframe model. "BIBFRAME has worked on modelling works as Works within the BIBFRAME model, similar to the RDA modelling work, itself modelled on the work on the FRBR model of Works and Expressions. A BIBFRAME Work is a creative work, perhaps a FRBR Work, or an RDA FRBR Work but it also expresses a FRBR Expression, and of course an RDA FRBR Expression. A Work may express another Work based on others’ work, not just a FRBR Work or an RDA Work. That also works. FRBR Works or RDA Works expressed as BIBFRAME Works can relate to FRBR Expressions (BIBFRAME Works or RDA Expressions). So, Works are works that can be Works but also Expressions linked to Works that really are Works."
  25. OCLC arguably have something similar. As do clustering discovery systems.
  26. Where does cataloguing fit into all this? When US national and major university libraries starting testing RDA, they found that MARC21 really couldn't handle it so made progress towards a replacement one of their conditions to implementing RDA.
  27. The Library of Congress implemented the Bibliographic Framework Initiative (BIBFRAME). Aided by consultants Zepheira and some early experimenters (including the BL although no longer).
  28. The Library of Congress implemented the Bibliographic Framework Initiative (BIBFRAME). Aided by consultants Zepheira and some early experimenters (including the BL although no longer).