2. Definition
The Primary Sector consists of economic
activities tha obtain resources from
nature.
3. Agricultural space
People modify natural areas in order to
use them for crop agriculture, livestock
farming or forestry.
As a result of this transformation we have
an agricultural space.
9. PHISICAL FACTORS
RELIEF
Incline of slopes:
flat surfaces facilitate
agricultural work and very
steep slopes make it more
difficult.
Gradients of terrain above
10ºC make it impossible to
cultivate the land.
Where it´s necessary, hard
work can transform
mountainsides into cultivated
terraces.
10. PHISICAL FACTORS
RELIEF
Altitude:
for every 1000 m of altitude, temperatures fall
by 6ºC.
For this reason, after a certain altitude,
cultivation is no longer possible.
11. PHISICAL FACTORS
SOIL
Thickness
Deep soil is mor
appropiate for
the cultivation of
most crops
because roots
have more space
to expand.
12. PHISICAL FACTORS
SOIL
Nutrients
The more appropiate nutrients the soil has, the
better it is for agriculture.
13. PHISICAL FACTORS
VEGETATION
Vegetation provides the soil with humus, so the
more vegetation an area has, the more fertile the
soil will be.
14. LISTEN TO THE KEY WORDS ON PAGE 92
DO THE FOLLOWING EXERCICES:
Page 95
3, 4, 5
15. VOCABULARY
descenso de la
población
tierra cultivada
elección de cultivos
maquinaria
fertilizantes
pesticidas
propiedad individual
municipio
cooperativa
propietario
arrendar una tierra
aparceros
jornaleros
minifundios
latifundios
gobierno nacional
instituciones internacionales
heredar
dividirse (las parcelas)
16. HUMAN FACTORS
POPULATION GROWTH
The extension of agricultural space
depends on it:
The more population an area has, the more
agricultural space they need to produce
more food.
17. HUMAN FACTORS
POPULATION GROWTH
The extension of agricultural space
depends on it:
A decrease in population means that
cultivated land is abandoned because:
there are not enough people to work the land
It is not necessary to produce so much
18. HUMAN FACTORS
ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL
CONDITIONS
A country´s economy and
the demand for certain
products influence
The choice of crops
The technology used
Machinery
Fertilisers*
Pesticides*
The composition of
agricultural space
19.
20. HUMAN FACTORS
LAND OWNERSHIP
Cultivated land
ownership
One person
Individual
ownership
Several people
Municipality
Cooperative*
company
21. HUMAN FACTORS
LAND OWNERSHIP
Cultivated land work
The owner works the land
directly
The owner transfers the
land o other farmers who
lease it
leasing*
The owner transfers the
land to other farmers who
work it as shrecroppers
Sharecropping*
The owner can also
employ day labourers*
24. HUMAN FACTORS
AGRICULTURAL POLICY
Measures and actions taken by:
National government
International institutions
These measures affect crop agriculture and
livestock farming.
25. HUMAN FACTORS
CUSTOMS
In some regions the land children inherit
from their parents is not divided up:
35. STRUCTURE OF
AGRICULTURAL SPACE
CULTIVATED SPACE: PLOT BOUNDARIES
BOCAGE
• Small fields are
separated by
hedges, trees, stone
or wooden fences.
36. STRUCTURE OF
AGRICULTURAL SPACE
CULTIVATED SPACE: PLOT BOUNDARIES
OPENFIELD
• Fields are open
• Fields can only be
differentiated by
the type of crops
ore the way they
are used.
38. VOCABULARY
Sistema de riego
Rendimiento
Huertas
Consumo
Materias primas
Sistemas de cultivo
Agricultura de regadío
Agricultura de secano
Aspersores
Riego por goteo
Riego a manta
• Monocultivo
• Policultivo
• Agricultura
intensiva
• Inversión de
capital
• Mano de obra
• Finalidad
comercial
• Agricultura
extensiva
• disponible
46. INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE
High capital investment (in tools,
machinery, equipment, etc)
A lot of workers (labour)
Maximum yield for commercial purposes
Market gardens of
Valencia and Murcia
47. INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE
High capital investment (in tools,
machinery, equipment, etc)
A lot of workers (labour)
Maximum yield for commercial purposes
48. EXTENSIVE AGRICULTURE
It does not use all the technological or
human resources (workers) available to
obtain the maximum yield.
Production can be for sale:
E.g. on the
wheat plains in
the USA
It explots part
of the plot,
dedicating
the rest to
regeneration of
fertility.
49. EXTENSIVE AGRICULTURE
La tradicional no cultiva todo el suelo,
dejando una parte en barbecho, para evitar
su agotamiento;
en cambio, la agricultura extensiva moderna
no cultiva todo el suelo porque no es
necesario, pues las parcelas son grandes y se
emplean tecnicas modernas, ante la escasez
de mano de obra.
70. TYPES OF FARMING
Capital investment and labour
Extensive
livestock farming
Intensive
livestock farming
71. Capital investment and labour
EXTENSIVE LIVESTOCK
FARMING
Capital investment in
feed, farms, etc, is
limited.
Low productivity
Type of livestock: cattle
and sheep
Animals graze on large
pastures in the open air.
72. Capital investment
and labour
INTENSIVE LIVESTOCK
FARMING
Capital investment in
feed, farms, etc, is high.
High productivity
High labour
Type of livestock: cattle,
pigs and poultry.
Animals live in stables.
73. Food and feeding methods
Animals feed on grass.
Example of extensive
farming
GRAZING LIVESTOCK
Animals are kept in sheds
and covered pens.
Animals eat feed.
Example of intensive
farming
CONFINED LIVESTOCK SEMI-CONFINED
LIVESTOCK
In summer, the
animals eat grass.
When there is not
enough grass, they eat
feed.
74. Mobility of livestock
Herders and their families
are constantly moving with
their animals in search of
good pasture.
NOMADIC HERDING
Trashumance is seasonal
migration of livestock.
Herders move their animals
several times a year
between winter and
summer pastures.
TRASHUMANCE SEDENTARY LIVESTOCK
FARMING
Animals do not have
to move around to
obtain food because
farmers give them
feed.
76. FOREST EXPLOITATION
It´s the utilisation of forest products:
Timber
Cork
Resin
Etc
Read chart «Some forest products» on
page 100.
77. FOREST EXPLOITATION
FORESTRY
It´s an activity with the purspose of
exploiting the forest but the regenerating it.
REGENERATION
REFORESTATION
78. FISHING AND THE USE OF THE
SEA: VOCABULARY
Capturar pescado
Artes de pesca
Pesca con palangre
Pesca de arrastre
Pesca con redes de cerco
Pesca de bajura
Pesca de altura
Pesca de gran altura
Barcos factoría
Algas marinas
Agotamiento de los caladeros
Piscifactorías
79. FISHING AND THE USE OF THE
SEA
What is fishing?
Fishing is the practice of catching fish and other
marine species for food or as raw materials for
industry.
80. FISHING TECHNIQUES
LONGLINE FISHING
Fishing technique in
which fish are
caught using a long
line held up by
floats, off which a
series of shorter lines
and hooks hang.
84. USE OF THE SEA
USE OF
THE
SEA
SEEWEED AND
ALGAE FOR FOOD
MINERALS
DRINKING WATER
SALT WATER
SOURCE OF ENERGY
(TYDES)
TRANSPORTATIONS
OTHER ECONOMIC
ACTIVITIES:
INDUSTRIES, PORTS
AND TOURIST
FACILITIES
85. AQUACULTURE
What for?
To avoid the depletion of fishing grounds
What does it consist of?
It consists of the reproduction of salt- and
freshwater plants and animals in fish farms.
