ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
Centralisation
1.
2.
3. CENTRALISATION IS THE SYSTEMATIC AND
CONSISTENT RESERVATION OF AUTHORITY
AT CENTRAL POINTS WITHIN THE
ORGANISATION.
IN CENTRALISATION , LITTLE DELIGATION
OF AUTHORITY IS THE RULE ,POWER AND
DISCREATION ARE CONCENTRATED AT THE
TOP LEVELS
4. THE MORE HIGHLY CENTRALISED THE
ORGANISATION ,THE MORE CONTROL AND
DECISION MAKING RESIDE AT THE TOP.
HOWEVER ,ABSOLUTE CENTRALISATION IS
UNTENABLE BECAUSE IT WOULD MEAN THAT
SUBORDINATES HAVE NO DUTIES ,POWER OR
AUTHORITY.
MOST ORGANISATIONS START WITH
CENTRALISATION OF AUTHORITY
INITIALLY.SUCH AS ARRANGEMENT HELPS THE
MANAGER TO BE IN TOUCH WITH ALL
OPERATIONS AND FACILITATES QUICK
DECISION-MAKING.
5. TO FACILITATE PERSONAL LEADERSHIP =
WORKING UNDER A TALENTED AND DYNAMIC
LEADER , A SMALL FIRM CAN DERIVE
ADVANTAGES IN THE FORM OF QUICK
DECISIONS ENTERPRISING AND IMAGINATIVE
ACTION AND HIGH FLEXIBILITY.
TO PROVIDE FOR INTEGRATION =
THE DANGER OF ACTIONS DRIFTING AND
GETTING OFF COURSE IS MINIMISED .THE
MANAGER ACTS LIKE A UNIFYING FORCE AND
PROVIDES DIRECTION TO ENTERPRISE
ACTIVITIES.
6. CENTRALISATION IS HIGHLY SUITABLE IN TIME
OF EMERGENCY.THE RESOURSES AND
INFORMATION CAN BE MOBILISED QUICKLY
AND EFFICIENTLY
7. DECENTRALISATION IS THE SYSTEMATIC
EFFORT TO DELIGATE TO THE LOWEST LEVELS
ALL AUTHORITY EXCEPT THAT WHICH CAN BE
EXERCISED AT CENTRAL POINTS.
IT IS PUSHING DOWN OF AUTHORITY AND
POWER OF DECISION –MAKING TO THE LOWER
LEVELS OF THE ORGANISATION.
DECENTRALISATION , IN RECENT YEARS ,HAS
COME TO BE ACCEPTED AS A GOLDEN CALF
OF MANAGEMENT PHILOSOPHY.
8. DECENTRALISATION REDUSES THE
WORKLOAD OF AN OVERBURDENED
EXECUTIVE.
THE EXECUTIVE NEED NOT BURY HIMSELF IN
ENDLESS AS HE IS NOT EXPECTED TO LOOK
INTO THE AFFAIRS OF A DIVISION FROM
CLOSE QUARTERS
DECENTRALISATION BRINGS THE DECISION –
MAKING PROCESS CLOSER TO THE SCENE OF
THE ACTION.
DECENTRALISATION FACILITATES PRODUCT
DIVERSIFICATION .
9. DECENTRALISATION GIVES INDIVIDUALS AN
OPPORTUNITY TO LEARN BY DOING. IT
PROVIDES A POSITIVE WORK CLIMATE WHERE
THERE IS FREEDOM TO MAKE DECISION, USE
JUDGEMENT,ACT.
DECENTRALISATION OFTEN RESULTS IN
EFFECTIVE CONTROLS AND PERFORMANCE
MEASUREMENTS .
