4. ďElasticity
ď Concrete Testing
ď Strength and Durability
ď Versatility
ď Thermal Mass
ďAlbedo effect
ďManufacturing and Use of Concrete
ďMaintenance of concrete
ď Fire Resistant
ďCost
ď Results and effects
ď Reference
ď Any Questions
*
5. The ability of an object or
material to resume its normal
shape after being stretched or
compressed.
ď
7. A mixture of cement ,sand
coarse aggregate and water.
ď
8. i- Slump Test
Concrete Slump Test: Is a one of test that
usually conducted to measure workability of
fresh concrete.
9. ii- Cube Test:
Concrete Cube Test: Is a test conducted to
determine the strength of concrete.
10. ď
â˘Used in the majority of buildings, bridges,
tunnels and dams for its strength.
â˘Gains strength over time.
â˘Not weakened by moisture, mold or pests.
â˘Concrete structures can withstand natural
disasters such.
i- Strength :
11. â˘A durable concrete is one that performs
satisfactorily in the working environment.
â˘Durability of concrete is its ability to resist.
â˘When exposed to environment durable
concrete is likely to retain its original form,
quality and serviceability during its
lifetime.
ii- Durability :
12. â˘Versatility allows you to adapt to
many different situations.
â˘Using concrete in construction is
almost done around the countries
â˘Concrete is used in several
structures.
ď
14. â˘Concrete walls and floors slow the passage of
heat moving through concrete.
â˘This reduces energy needs from heating or air-
conditioning.
â˘A high mass building needs to gain or lose a
large amount of energy to change its internal
temperature.
15.
16. ď
â˘Albedo is a measure of the reflectivity
of a surface.
â˘The albedo effect when applied to the
Earth is a measure of how much of the
Sun's energy is reflected back into
space.
17. Explanation:
â˘The high "albedo" of concrete used in
pavements and building walls means more
light is reflected and less heat is absorbed,
resulting in cooler temperatures.
â˘This reduces the "urban heat island" effect
prevalent in cities today, and hence reduces
energy use for e.g. air-conditioning
19. *
Materials used in the manufacture of
precast concrete are:
*Cement
*Sand
*Aggregate
*water
20. *
*Concrete is most commonly used as
construction material.
*It is versatile construction material.
*It is used in heavy weight and light weight
structures.
*It is used in buildings, dams, bridges and even
in highways.
21.
22. ď
â˘The fire resistance is not only dependent
upon the type of concrete but also on the
thickness of the cover reinforcement.
23. â˘Effect of temperature on the strength of
concrete is not much upto a temperature of
about 250Âşc
â˘Above 300Âşc definite loss of strength takes
place.
â˘Light weight concrete stand up better to
fire than ordinary concrete.
25. ď
â˘Modern concrete is a very durable
construction material and, if properly
proportioned and placed, will give very
long service under normal conditions
â˘Concrete is highly durable.
26. â˘It is frequently ignored once it is in place until
signs of deterioration are evident.
â˘When concrete begins to lose its ability to
function as designed it requires maintenance.
27. ď
Compared to other comparable
building materials, concrete is less
costly to produce and remains
extremely affordable.
28. ď
â˘Concrete work is cost friendly yet durable.
â˘Concrete work is last longer.
â˘Historical buildings in Greece are of concrete
and life example of concrete durability.
â˘Concrete plant install near construction site
which can subtract the transportation cost.
29. ď
To calculate cost you need to know:
â˘Dry concrete cft are.
â˘Cement, fine aggregate and coarse
aggregate ratio.
â˘Volume of cement, F.A and C.A in one
bag,farma or truck and dumper.
30. *
Typical Composition by Volume
Cement 7-15%
Water 14-21%
Aggregate 60-80%
Make your own concrete
31. ⢠Concrete is the ultimate solution to the construction.
⢠Our country Pakistan is lacking in construction industry.
⢠As far as Pakistan did not emphasize on construction
field and set standards their will be no law for
construction.
⢠Our neighboring country India already had its standards.
⢠Over 800,000 ton cum of concrete pour on yearly basis
around the world.
⢠Private under construction projects in Pakistan did not
benefits the countries economy.