The document defines and describes the 8 types of adjectives: 1. Adjectives of quality describe the kind or quality of a noun. 2. Adjectives of quantity indicate how much of something is meant. 3. Adjectives of number specify how many nouns there are. 4. Proper adjectives are derived from proper nouns. 5. Demonstrative adjectives answer which one or ones using this, that, these, those. 6. Interrogative adjectives ask questions using what, which, whose. 7. Emphasizing adjectives emphasize nouns using own and very. 8. Exclamatory adjectives

1. Adjective and Its Types
Lecture No. 4 (i)
Zafar Ullah, zafarullah76@gmail.com

2. Adjective
PP 12-2a
Definition: An adjective is a word that
modifies (describes) a noun or a pronoun.
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3. 8 Types of Adjective
1. Adjective of Quality
2. Adjective of Quantity
3. Adjective of Number
4. Proper Adjective
5. Demonstrative Adjective
6. Interrogative Adjective
7. Emphasizing Adjective
8. Exclamatory Adjective
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4. TYPES OF ADJECTIVE
1. Adjective of Quality
PP 12-7
It shows the kind and quality of a
person or thing.
Lahore is a large city.
Quaid-e-Azam was an honest man.
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5. 2. Adjectives of Quantity
PP 12-7
It shows how much of a thing
is meant
He ate some rice.
He showed much patience.
He has lost all his wealth.
Shelly recommends a light blue venetian blind.
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6. 3. Adjectives of Number/ Numeral Adjective
PP 12-7
It shows how many persons or
things are meant
.
The hand has five fingers.
I have taught you seven points.
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7. i. Definite Numeral Adjective
PP 12-7
It denotes an exact number
Cardinals: One, two, three
Ordinals: First, Second
.
ii. Indefinite Numeral Adjective
Which don’t denote an exact number
All, no, many, few, some, any
iii. Distributive Numeral Adjective:
which refers to each one of a number
Each ,every, either, neither.
Shelly recommends a light blue venetian blind.
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8. 4. Proper Adjectives
PP 12-7
Proper adjectives are proper nouns or
words derived from proper nouns that
function as adjectives.
We selected the Italian desk lamps.
Pakistani rice is famous all over the world.
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9. 9
5. Demonstrative Adjectives
PP 12-8a
The four demonstrative adjectives that
modify nouns are this, that, these,
those. These adjectives answer the
question which one? or which ones?
We recommend this computer monitor.
We will follow that safety regulation.
Many of these injuries are unnecessary.
Those keyboards cause discomfort.

10. 6. Interrogative Adjectives
PP 12-8a
What, which, whose, when they are used with
nouns to ask questions
What manner of man is he?
Which way shall we go?
Whose book is this?
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11. 7. Emphasizing Adjectives
PP 12-8a
The words own and very are
used to emphasize nouns
I saw it with my own eyes.
That is the very thing I want.
My very friend deceived me.
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12. 8. Exclamatory Adjectives
PP 12-8a
The word what is sometimes used as an
Exclamatory Adjective
What a genius!
What an idea!
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13. Form vs Degree
• Verb has forms
Watch, watched, watched, watching
• Adjective has degrees
Poor, poorer, poorest
Positive degree, comparative degree,
superlative degree
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14. Positive Degree
PP 12-18
Use the positive degree as the base form of
the adjective to describe one person, place,
thing, quality, idea, or one group of things.
bright colour tall building
quiet printer high bid
This turquoise fabric is a bright colour.
He submitted a high bid. 14

15. Comparative Degree (+er)
PP 12-19
Use the comparative degree to compare two
people, places, ideas, qualities, or things.
brighter colour taller building
quieter printer higher bid
This turquoise fabric is a brighter colour than
the gray fabric.
He submitted a higher bid on the computer
chairs than her.
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16. Superlative Degree (+est)
PP 12-20
Use the superlative degree to compare more
than two persons, places, or things.
brightest colour, tallest building
quietest printer ,highest bid
This turquoise fabric is the brightest colour of all
the fabric samples.
He submitted the highest bid of all the vendors.
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17. Three-Syllable Adjectives (more, most)
Positive Comparative Superlative
attractive more attractive most attractive
essential more essential most essential
efficient less efficient least efficient
complicated less complicated least complicated
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18. Words Ending in y
Change the y to i and add er or est to form the
comparative and superlative degrees.
Positive Comparative Superlative
friendly
friendlier friendliest
busy busier busiest
heavy
heavier heaviest
happy happier happiest
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19. Special Forms, Memorize
Some irregular adjectives change forms in their
comparative and superlative forms.
Positive Comparative Superlative
good better best
bad worse worst
little less, lesser littlest, least
many more most
much more most
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20. Absolute Adjectives
They expresses the highest degree.
circular horizontal straight
complete ideal supreme
correct instantaneous unanimous
dead perfect unique
empty single vertical
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21. Latter/Later/Last/Latest
PP 12-31a
Use latter to refer to the second of two
persons, places, or things mentioned.
Pakistan and India are neighbouring
countries. Former is my homeland and the
latter is my enemy.
The later time is suitable for me.
“Z” is the last letter of English alphabet.
Teenagers like the latest cell phones.
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22. Order of Adjectives in a Sentence
Order Relating to Examples
1 opinion unusual, lovely, beautiful
2 size big, small, tall
3 Physical quality thin, rough, untidy
4 shape round, square, rectangular
5 age young, old, youthful
6 colour blue, red, pink
7 origin Dutch, Japanese, Turkish
8 material metal, wood, plastic
9 Type general-purpose, four-sided, U-shaped
10 Purpose cleaning, hammering, cooking
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23. Examples
She was a 1beautiful, 2tall, 3thin, 5young, 6black-haired, 7Scottish woman.
What an 1amazing, 2little, 5old, 7Chinese cup and saucer!
It was made of a 1strange, 6green, 8metallic material.
It’s a 2long, 4narrow, 8plastic brush.
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