Transfer Slabs Beams Design Tall Building- تصميم بلا طات وجوائز التحويل الأبنية البرجية- Construction of Transfer Plate It is the Slab / Beam from which picked up columns may be started where there are no columns underneath. So, it is a kindl of frame in which upper storey columns are directly supported over these slab and hence are cr... more abstract

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Dr youssef Hammida
Transfer Slabs Beams Design
Tall Building
‫ﺗ‬‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻼطﺎت‬ ‫ﺻﻣﯾم‬‫اﻟﺗﺣوﯾل‬ ‫ﺟواﺋز‬
‫اﻟﺑرﺟﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺑﻧﯾﺔ‬
Construction of Transfer
Plate
from

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Transfer slab
(Transfer slab)‫اﻟﺗﺣوﯾﻠﯾﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻼطﮫ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫ﺑﻼطﮫ‬‫ﺗﺷﺑﮫ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟﺑﺷﮫ‬‫اﻟﺣﺻﯾرة‬‫اﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺣﯾث‬‫اﻻ‬‫ﻋﻣده‬‫واﻟﺟدران‬‫ﻟظر‬ ‫وذﻟك‬ ‫اﺳﻔﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻣده‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﮫ‬ ‫اﻋﻼھﺎ‬‫و‬‫ﻣﻌﻣﺎرﯾﮫ‬ ‫ف‬‫واﺳﺗﺛﻣﺎرﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻣﺷﺎرﯾﻊ‬‫اﻟﺑرﺟﯾﺔ‬‫ﺗﺻﻣم‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣرﺗﻛزه‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻠﺣﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﺑﺷﮫ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﻧﮭﺎ‬‫ﺧوازﯾﻖ‬‫اوﺗﺎد‬‫و‬‫ھﻰ‬
‫رﯾﺎح‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣوﯾﻠﯾﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻼطﮫ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻋﻣده‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣﻣﯾل‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻت‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣوﯾﻠﯾﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻼطﮫ‬ ‫أﺳﻔل‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻣده‬
‫اﻟﺣﺻول‬ ‫ﯾﺗم‬ ‫واﻟﺗﻰ‬ ‫واﻟﻣﯾﺗﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﯾﮫ‬ ‫واﻻﺣﻣﺎل‬ ‫وزﻻزل‬
‫دﯾﻧﺎﻣﯾﻛﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻠﯾل‬ ‫ﻋﻣل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻻﺑد‬ ‫ﺗﺣوﯾﻠﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﻼطﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺣﺗوى‬ ‫اﻟذى‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟطﺑﻊ‬
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻟﺗواﺟد‬ ‫واﻷﻓﻘﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟزﻻزل‬ ‫ﻗوى‬ ‫وﺗﻛﺑﯾر‬‫اﻟﺗﺣوﯾﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻼطﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺗظﺎم‬ ‫ﻋدم‬ ‫ﻘﺎط‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺻل‬ ‫)اﻟﺳﻣﺎﻛﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻼطﺔ‬ ‫ھذه‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻛون‬ ‫ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺻوﺻﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻠﺟﺄ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣوﯾﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻼطﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻣﺎﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫وﻟﻠﺗﻘﻠﯾل‬ ( ‫ﻣﺗر‬ 5-3 ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﻌض‬
Posttension Transfer
It is the Slab / Beam from which picked up columns may be
started where there are no columns underneath.

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So, it is a kindl of frame in which upper storey columns are
directly supported over these slab and hence are critical and
important structural members.

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 Axial forces in the perimeter columns with (a) a full size transfer
(24.1 ft depth), and (b) a beam with a depth 1/10 of the full size
beam (2.41 ft depth)

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Chapter 12 of ASCE 7 classifies a number of horizontal
structural irregularities, such as reentrant corners, diaphragm
discontinuities, and torsional irregularities

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NSWWhyDee-SlabTransferPT

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Construction Stages Analysis
In any Structural Analysis it is assumed that the entire loading is
applied on the complete structure instantaneously.
However, building structures are constructed and loaded
gradually, sever floor at the time. Typically, in a building structure
the construction loading is about 80% to 90% of the service
loading.
The loading of the 1st stage is supported only by the structure
which is constructed up to that moment.
The additional loading from the 2nd stage is supported by the
structure which is constructed up to that moment (stage 1 and 2).
The 2nd stage is constructed on already realized deflections from
the 1st stage.
This will influence the distribution of the internal forces in all
structural elements, especially the reaction of the transfer floor.
In the Constriction Stages Analysis the structure and the loading
is applied gradually, as it is constructed.
For instance, at the end of the first stage all the deflections due to
the self weight are released, and the upper levels will be
constructed on already realized deflections.

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R/C BUILDING software can perform this type of analysis in
stages. The deflections and the internal forces are incrementally
accumulated as the structure is constructed.
This will provide the most accurate estimate of the reactions on
the transfer slabs
-‫اﻟطواﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﻧﻔﯾذ‬ ‫ﻣراﺣل‬ ‫اﻻﻋﺗﺑﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻌﯾن‬ ‫اﻷﺧذ‬ ‫ﯾﺟب‬
‫اﻟﺷدة‬ ‫ﻓك‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻔﻠﯾﯨﺔ‬ ‫اﻟطواﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺗﻘﺎل‬ ‫وﺗﺄﺛﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠوﯾﺔ‬
‫واﺣدة‬ ‫دﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫وﻟﯾس‬ ‫ﻣراﺣل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻧﻔﯾذ‬ ‫ﯾﺗم‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻔﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠطواﺑﻖ‬
‫اﻟﺻورة‬ ‫ﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺣددة‬ ‫ﻓﺗرات‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺗﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯾر‬ ‫ادﺧﺎل‬ ‫وﯾﺟب‬
Soil-Structure Interaction
Normally, when a 3D model of a building is created, we need to
constrain the vertical movement at all footings.
In R/C BUILDING software we can assign the "Footing" property
to some walls and columns.
Usually, we need to assign the "Footing" property to all columns
and walls at the lowest level.
This approach is suitable for very stiff foundation soils, such as
rock or compacted sands and gravel.
But, when the soils is "softer", we need to consider the influence
of the footing settlements on the internal forces on all structural
elements.

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For example, if a building structure consists of a raft and a transfer
slabs, supporting several floors of masonry (see figure below).
R/C BUILDING software will consider the contribution of all structural
elements in evaluation of the settlements, not just the raft slab.
If only the rafts slab is considered, it might results in over-design of the
raft itself, by the effect of the settlement will be ignored on all other
structural elements, which might cause development of some cracks in
the upper levels
-‫أﺧذ‬ ‫ﯾﺟب‬‫ﺗﺄﺛﯾر‬‫اﻟﻣﻧﺷﺄ‬ ‫وﻟﻛﺎﻣل‬ ‫ﺗواﺟدھﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗرﺑﺔ‬ ‫ھﺑوطﺎت‬

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 - This elevation of the lower part of the Brunswick structure
shows the transfer of loads from closely spaced columns above
to widely spaced columns below through a transfer wall beam
Figure 2: Column layout at 4th floor transfer slab showing
garage columns below (red) and tower columns above (blue)
IncImage used with permission of WJE Associates
The design of Dolphin Tower includes a 3 story above ground
parking garage with 12 additional residential stories rising from
the middle. The building was designed and constructed entirely
of cast in place reinforced concrete. Due to the difference in
space requirements from the parking structure on level 3 to the
-residential units on level 4 the columns were designed to be dis
joined as shown in figure 2 and therefore required the use of a
transfer slab in order to direct load forces from above down to
the foundation.

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Figure 4: Cross section at column showing shear plane failure
extending beyond top reinforcing
nother major concern with the transfer slab was punching
shear due to the garage columns below.
Punching shear is due to localized forces on slabs at
supporting columns which attempt to punch a hole upwards
through the slab.
Due to the close offset nature of several of the garage columns
and tower columns at the fourth floor transfer slab, these
localized forces became great enough to cause concern.
Typically reinforcing is used in these circumstances in order to
resist the stresses caused by punching shear and in fact was
used for the transfer slab at the top of the columns.

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‫اﻻﺧﺗراق‬ ‫ﻗوة‬ ‫ﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ھوﻛﺎت‬ ‫ﺗرﻛﯾب‬ punching shear ‫اﻻﻋﻣدة‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻘﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬
‫اﻟﺑﻼطﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬

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Transfer Truss over 28m
Support 57 floors

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Construction of Transfer Plate
from various case studies
Transfer plate is a structure sometimes finds inhigh-rise
buildings in Hong Kong. Building design often involves a
podium structure that houses other functional spaces such as
a shopping mall or a large lift lobby which require an
unobstructed spatial layout in order
to give a more impressive view.
While for the upper structure, it is often used as office or
residential units using moreeconomical shorter span design,
or sometimes even with the putting in of very congested core
 the following methods or provisions are often employed.
1. A very heavy duty falsework system is erected as support and
work platform to carry out the works (including formwork
erection, steel fixing, concreting and sometimes tensioning
works).
2. The placing of concrete to be done in several layers in
order to reduce the total loading of the falsework. The
hardened concrete on the bottom layer can take up
loading very quickly.
3. The use of tensioning technique in the transfer plate to
lower the thickness and thus the weight of the structure.
4. Or, the combination of method 2 and 3.

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-‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺻﯾرة‬ ‫ﻟﺑﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺻﻣﯾم‬ ‫ﯾﺷﺑﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣوﯾل‬ ‫ﺑﻼطﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺻﻣﯾم‬
‫ﺧوازﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻧودة‬-‫واﻟﺛﻘب‬ ‫اﻟﺻﻼﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺷرط‬ ‫وﺗﺣﻘﻖ‬ ‫اوﺗﺎد‬
‫اﺟراء‬ ‫وﯾﻣﻛن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻧﺗظﺎم‬ ‫ﻣوزﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠوﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟطواﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﺣﻣوﻻت‬ ‫واﻋﺗﺑﺎر‬
‫ﺗﻔرﯾﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺑﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺻﻣﯾم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎﺳب‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﯾدوﯾﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺳﺎب‬
-:‫اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺷﺗراطﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻘﯾﻖ‬ ‫وﯾﺟب‬
1-‫ﺗﺣﻘﯾﻖ‬‫اﻟﺑﻼطﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻣﺎﻛﺔ‬‫وﺳﻔﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠوﯾﺔ‬ ‫أﻋﻣدة‬ ‫اﻟﺛﻘب‬ ‫ﻗص‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﺑﻼطﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬‫اﻟﺗﺣوﯾل‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺋز‬ ‫و‬‫اﻷﻋﻣدة‬ ‫اﺳﻔل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺛﻘب‬ ‫ﺧﺎص‬ ‫ﺗﺳﻠﯾﺢ‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬
2–‫اﻟﺗﺣوﯾل‬ ‫ﺑﻼطﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﺗﺟﺎھﯾن‬ ‫ﺣراري‬ ‫ﻋﻠوي‬ ‫ﺗﺳﻠﯾﺢ‬
3–‫اﻟﻛود‬ ‫وﻓﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳوح‬ ‫اﻷﻣد‬ ‫طوﯾل‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺗﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻘﯾﻖ‬
4–‫اﻟﺗﻧﻔﯾذ‬ ‫ﻣراﺣل‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻣدة‬ ‫وﺗﻘﺎﺻر‬ ‫ھﺑوطﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻘﯾﻖ‬
Construction Sages Analysis
5–‫اﻟﮭﯾﻛل‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺗرﺑﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﻔﺎﻋل‬ ‫ھﺑوط‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯾر‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻘﯾﻖ‬
Soil-Structure Interaction
6–‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣل‬ ‫وﺗﻐﯾر‬ ‫اﻧﺗظﺎم‬ ‫ﻋدم‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗواﺟد‬)R(
‫وﻣﻣررات‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎرات‬ ‫وﺗﺄﻣﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣوﯾل‬ ‫ﺑﻼطﺔ‬ ‫واﺳﻔل‬ ‫اﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻷﻓﻘﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔوى‬Path collector
7-‫اﻟﺗﺣوﯾل‬ ‫طﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻼ‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺗﻣرة‬ ‫واﻟﻐﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﻗوﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻧﻠﺻر‬ ‫ﯾﻔﺿل‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫واﺳﺗﻧﺎدھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟزﻻزل‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺷﺎرك‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻛون‬ ‫ان‬
‫اﻟﺗﺣوﯾل‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺋز‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﺑﻼطﺔ‬‫ﻟﺗﺟﻧب‬ ‫وﺛﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫وﻟﯾس‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺻل‬‫ﺗﺄﺛﯾر‬‫اﻟﻔﺗل‬ ‫ﻋزم‬
‫ﺗورﺷﯾن‬
‫ﺑﻼطﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺻﻣﯾم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺗوﺻﯾﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺧﻼﺻﺔ‬‫اﻟﺗﺣوﯾل‬ ‫وﺟواﺋز‬

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 1- chick punching shear high and bilow slab
from columns loads
 2- add spcial bent pars bilow coulmns throw slab
 3- add tempreture steel – MIN reinforecment
 4 – chick fore- a transition long-term permissible
according to the code
 5 – design for Construction Stages Analysis
 6 – There is case of irregularity and change factor (R)
Top and bottom of transfer slab and ensuring paths and
passages Horizontal force Path collector
 7 - preferred for items Discontinued non-continuous with
transfer Slab Be normal does not participate in earthquake
resistance and they are connected with Slab is Bin not fixed
To aviod the impact of torque twist Torshin.

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Dr Youssef Hammida
Thank - YOU