complete construction, environmental and economics information of biomass com...
Fluidized cataltic cracking.
1. PAD. DR. D.Y. PATIL COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING, MANAGEMENT &
RESEARCH, AKURDI.
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,
PRESENTATION
ON
FLUIDIZED CATALYTIC CRACKING
GUIDANCE
DR. SWAPNIL DHARASKAR
PRESENTED BY
VIVEK D. BHARGUDE
2. CONTENT
WHAT IS FCC?
GENERAL OVERVIEW OF FCC:
A) REACTOR
B) REGENERATOR
PROCESS DESCRIPTION
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
CASE STUDY
3. WHAT IS FCC?
FCC “HEART” OF THE MODERN REFINERIES
IT CONTRIBUTES THE HIGHEST VOLUME TO THE
GASOLINE POOL
ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT & SOPHISTICATED
CONTRIBUTIONS TO PETROLEUM REFINING
TECHNOLOGY
PRIMARY CONVERSION PROCESS IN THE PETROLEUM
REFINERY
THE PURPOSE IS TO CONVERT HIGH-BOILING
PETROLEUM FRACTIONS (GAS OIL) TO HIGH-VALUE,
HIGH-OCTANE GASOLINE AND HEATING OIL.
ZEOLITE CATALYST IS USED WHEN PROPERLY
AERATED
4. GENERAL OVERVIEW OF FCC
THE FCC ASSEMBLY CONSISTS OF REACTOR AND
REGENERATOR.
FURTHER THE PRODUCT COMING FROM FCC UNIT
IS CHARGED TO THE FRACTIONATOR.
REGENERATOR HELPS TO REACTIVATE THE
CATALYST AND REACTIVATION OF CATALYST IS
DONE USING THE HOT AIR OR BY PASSING THE
STEAM THROUGH THE REGENERATOR
6. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROCESS
REACTOR
RISER
CYCLONE
STRIPPER
REGENERATOR
STAND PIPE AND SLIDE VALVE
7. REACTOR
• THE REACTOR USED IN
CASE OF FCC IS THE
FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR
THAT WORKS ON THE
PRINCIPLE OF
FLUIDIZATION.
• THE FEEDSTOCK IS FED AT
THE BOTTOM AND THE
FINAL PRODUCT IS TAKEN
OUT FROM THE TOP
SECTION. THE RACTOR
HAS THE CATALYTIC BED
ARRANGEMENT INSIDE IT
8. RISER
DIMENSIONS
• DIAMETER: 1.2 M (4 FT)
• HEIGHT : 36.6 M (120 FT)
PLUG FLOW WITH MINIMUM BACK-
MIXING
STEAM IS USED TO ATOMIZE THE FEED
• INCREASES THE AVAILABILITY OF FEED
9. CYCLONES
LOCATED AT THE END OF THE RISER TO
SEPARATE THE BULK OF THE CATALYST
IT CAN BE USED AS THE DEFLECTOR TO
TURN THE DIRECTION OF CATALYST TO
SEPARATE THE REMAINING OF THE
CATALYST IN THE REGENERATOR.
10. STRIPPER
THE SPENT CATALYST FALLS INTO THE
STRIPPER
SOME VALUABLE HYDROCARBONS ARE
ABSORBED WITHIN THE CATALYTIC BED
STEAM AT A RATE OF 4 KG PER 1000 KG OF
CATALYST IS USED TO STRIP THE
HYDROCARBON FROM THE CATALYST
11. REGENERATOR
TWO FUNCTIONS:
• 1.RESTORES CATALYST ACTIVITY
• 2.SUPPLIES HEAT TO CRACK THE FEED
AIR IS THE SOURCE OF OXYGEN FOR THE
COMBUSTION OF COKE
THE AIR BLOWER WITH 1M/S (3 FT/S) AIR VELOCITY
TO MAINTAIN THE CATALYST BED IN A FLUIDIZED
STATE
14 KPA (2 PSI) PRESSURE DROP IN AIR DISTRIBUTORS
TO ENSURE POSITIVE AIR FLOW THROUGH ALL
NOZZLES
12. STANDPIPE & SLIDE VALVE
THE CATALYST DENSITY IN STANDPIPE IS 642 KG/M3 (40 LBS/FT3)
STANDPIPE PROVIDES THE NECESSARY PRESSURE HEAD NEEDED TO
CIRCULATE THE CATALYST AROUND THE UNIT. SLIDE VALVE IS USED TO
REGULATE THE FLOW RATE OF THE REGENERATED CATALYST TO THE
RISER
SLIDE VALVE FUNCTION IS TO SUPPLY ENOUGH CATALYST TO HEAT THE
FEED AND ACHIEVE THE DESIRED REACTOR TEMPERATURE
13.
14. ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
a) NO NEED TO ADD THE
HYDROGEN TO REDUCE
THE COKE FORMATION
b) COULD BE ROUTED TO
HYDROCRACKER TO
PRODUCE DIESEL
c) COKE PRODUCTION IS
SMALL BUT VERY
IMPORTANT AS IT WILL
HELPFUL FOR PROVIDING
THE HEAT FOR THE
CRACKING OF REACTION
DISADVANTAGES
a) DESULFURISATION IS TO
BE DONE PROPERLY FOR
THE PREVENTION OF
FORMATION OF
POISONOUS CATALYST
b) LOW CETANE NUMBER
c) THE PRODUCTS COMING
OUT FROM THE REACTOR
SOMETIMES HAVE SAME
BOILING RANGE SO
AZEOTROPIC
DISTILLATION IS TO BE
DONE IN THE
FRACTIONATOR
15. CASE STUDY
JIDDAH REFINERY/FCC CATALYST SELECTION
OBJECTIVE : TO IMPLEMENT A PROGRAM
THAT RESULTS IN THE COST-EFFECTIVE
MANAGEMENT OF CATALYSTS AND
DESICCANTS FOR THE COMPANY.
19. CONCLUSIONS
STRIPPING STEAM OF 4 KG PER 1000 KG
CIRCULATING CATALYST IS REQUIRED.
OVERALL ENDOTHERMIC HEAT OF
REACTION IS 86 MBTU/HR.
PRESSURE BUILDUP IN SPENT CATALYST
STANDPIPE IS 27 KPA (4 PSI).
PRESSURE BUILDUP IN REGENERATED
CATALYST STANDPIPE IS 55 KPA (8 PSI).
20. REFERENCE
A HANDBOOK ON PETROLEUM REFINERY
‘ B. K. BHASKARRAO’
CATALYST MANAGEMENT PROTOCOLS IN
SAUDI ARAMCO
WWW3.KFUPM.EDU.SA/CATSYMP/SYMP16
TH/PDF%20PAPERS/13ALLOUSH.PDF