The document discusses the basics of the internet including its history, how it works using client-server model and TCP/IP protocols, how messages are sent by dividing them into packets and reassembling them, and the terminology of the World Wide Web including browsers, servers, web pages, websites, URLs and more. It provides an overview of key concepts about the internet and how information is transmitted and accessed over the worldwide network.

1. INTERNET,ITS APPLICATIONS AND
SERVICES
CLASS : IX
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY-402

2. TOPIC THAT WE DISCUSS ARE:
What is Internet?
History of Internet
How Internet Works on Client/ Server Model?
How does internet works in sending messages?
The Terminology of WWW
Web Browser Web Server Web Pages Website
Home Page URLWeb Address
HTML Blog

3. What is Internet?
It is a network of networks. Network means a group of computers linked
together to share resources.
files pictures
messages

4. It is a network of computers that spread across the world. It connects
millions of computers together globally, forming a network in which any
computer can communicate with any other computer as long as they are
both connected to the Internet.
So what is Internet?

5. History of Internet
Who start the development of internet?
How it came into existence?
Who are behind the development of Internet?

6. History of Internet
The first successful network was established by this
agency was called ARPAnet(Advanced Research Projects
Agency network).
The development of network was started in 1969 by an agency sponsored by
US Department of Defence called ARPA.
This network connect different universities with the US Department of
Defence.
MILNET (Military Network)was physically separated from
the ARPANET in 1983
When MILNET was split off from ARPANET in 1983

7. History of Internet
The National Science Foundation Network was establish as
the backbone to ARPANET and other scientific networks.
It was started in 1986 which resulted into the birth of present
Internet.
So ARPAnet, NSFnet and private networks merged to create the Internet.

8. How Internet Works on Client/ Server Model?
All computers on the internet can be divided into two categories:- Client
and Server
Clients are independent computers connected to a server.
Clients
User’s
A server is a physical computer dedicated to run services to
serve the needs of other computers.
Server
User Send a Request
Accept request and Respond

9. Protocols Used In Internet
A set of rules that determine how data is transmitted between
different devices in a network.
Internet use two protocols:
TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)
IP (Internet Protocol)
TCP/IP is a set of rules that allow computers to communicate on a network such as
the internet. It used to create a connection between applications so that they can
exchange data over a communication network.
IP provides a standard set of rules for sending and receiving data over the Internet.

10. How does internet works in sending messages?
Now If an SENDER send information one system to another system over
internet.
INTERNET
The mail or any information NOT Directly transfer to destination.
This is WRONG !!!!!!

11. STEP-1 First the information is divided into small packets by TCP
INTERNET
PACKETS
TCP

12. A01
A01
A01
STEP-2 Each packet is given a serial number in order.Eg.: 001,002,003
and destination address like: A01
INTERNET
PACKETS
TCP
001
002
003

13. STEP-3 These packets are sent to the destination computer through
telephone line, cables and a host of network devices using IP.
INTERNET
TCP
IP(Internet Protocol)
TELEPHONE
A01
A01
A01
001
002
003

14. STEP-3 The packets travel through different routes. The Internet
protocol ensures that they reach the correct internet address of
the destination computer.
INTERNET
TCP
IP(Internet Protocol)
TELEPHONE
A01
001
A01
002
A01
003
Destination

15. STEP-4 The packets reach the destination computer in random order
INTERNET
TCP
IP(Internet Protocol)
TELEPHONE
A01
001
A01
002
A01
003
Destination
A01
001
A01
002
A01
003

16. STEP-5 At the destination computer the TCP receives these random
packet, reassembles them into correct order
INTERNET
TCP
IP(Internet Protocol)
TELEPHONE
A01
001
A01
002
A01
003
Destination
A01
001
A01
002
A01
003
TCP

17. WWW(WORLD WIDE WEB)
The World Wide Web (WWW) is combination of all resources and users
on the Internet that are using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
World Wide Web was created by Tim Berners Lee in 1989-90 at CERN in
Geneva.
It is commonly known as the Web and one of the most commonly
used services on the Internet.

18. The Terminology WWW
Web Browser
A browser is a software application used to locate, retrieve and
display content on the World Wide Web, including WebPages,
images, video and other files.The first web browser is
WorldWideWeb in the year 1990 and later known as Nexus.
Google Chrome Mozilla Firefox
Opera Web Browser
Internet Explorer

19. Web Server
Web Pages
A web server is a computer that runs websites. The web server
is to store, process and deliver web pages to the users.
A web page or webpage is a document, commonly written in HTML,
that is viewed in an Internet browser.
Home Page
The homepage or home page is the name of the main page of a
website where visitors can find hyperlinks to other pages on the
site.

20. Website
HTML
Blog
A website is a collection of related network web resources, such as
web pages, containing text, images and multimedia content.
examples of websites are amazon.com, flipkart.com etc
HTML is short for Hypertext Markup Language. HTML is used to create
electronic documents (called pages) that are displayed on the World
Wide Web.
A blog or “weblog”) is an online journal or informational website
displaying information in the reverse chronological order, with the
latest posts appearing first.
Example: Blogger.com,Wordpress.com

21. URL
Web Address
It is a unique name that is used to identify a website in the web server. These
are also known as Domain name. The web address is the combination of two
parts :- Domain name and domain extension
Stands for "Uniform Resource Locator." A URL is the address of a specific webpage or
file on the Internet. http:// – with the URL , which specifies the protocol used to
access the location