The And Its Effects On America

The And Its Effects On America
Over the last few years, podcasting has continued to grow in both audience and programming. However, most of those listening to the podcasts are in
the minority of the American public and about half of the country hasn't even heard of the term podcasting and they don't know what it means. Those
that produce podcasts have continued to try and experiment with different revenue streams throughout the year and some have moved beyond the
standard method of downloading to get people to listen.
Podcast Listenership
Despite the number being relatively small when you look at the population as a whole, there are a growing percentage of Americans that are now
listening to podcasts. As of 2016, 21% of Americans age 12 or older say that they have... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a matter of fact, according to Edison Research data conducted in 2015, only about 2% of all audio listening is spent listening to podcasts. As a
comparison, about 54% of that time is spent listening to both AM and FM radio.
Familiarity With Podcasting
Despite the fact that overall listenership of podcasts is on the rise, there is one factor that could be standing in the way of it experiencing huge growth
in the United States. In 2015, only about half of all Americans age 12 or older said that they were familiar with the term "podcasting", a number that
has remained relatively unchanged over the years.
Podcast Hosting And Downloads
Due to the fact that podcasts can be downloaded and created from just about anywhere, there really is no way to know or get an estimate regarding
how many podcasts have been produced in the United States, including those focusing on news and public affairs. Luckily, there is publicly available
data from Libsyn, one of the largest commercial podcast hosting companies, which continues to indicate there is an upward trend in both the number
of downloads and the number of podcasts hosted over the last four years. In 2015, the company alone hosted 28,000 shows, which is a big increase
over the 22,000 shows in 2014 and the 16,000 shows hosted in 2013.
Additionally, Libsyn reported a large increase in the number of download requests made in 2015. In 2015, Libsyn received about 3.3 billion requests
for downloads, which was up from 2.6

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The Audio Engineer
A vital part in the making of any professionally made album is the production and post–production process. These processes are the responsibility of
audio engineers employed by record labels. The engineers are responsible for the recording, mixing, and mastering of audio tracks. To do this,
engineers are trained with various technologies in the fields of multi track recording, outboard gear and digital/analog workstations. With their
knowledge and tools, engineers help the artists convey their art as best as possible not only to themselves but also to the demographic they wish to
express their art to.
The job of the engineer can be best described as a presenter in a techno artistic field. The job requires the technical capabilities and ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to an interview of noted audio engineer Simon Kasprowicz "what makes a good engineer from a bad is totally subjective and depends upon
individual desire because what may sound fantastic to someone, others will find fault in" (Kasprowicz, about.com).
When all of the tracks of a project have been recorded, assembled, and edited onto the digital audio workstation or tape deck, the next step would be to
individually mix the elements of their work in their final edited forms. The mix down process occurs by routing the various tracks of a digital audio
workstation or tape based recorder through a hardware virtual mixing console to alter the overall session's program, all which include getting relative
level, spatial positioning, using equalizers, and effects. Once these measures are taken care of, the engineer can then set up a rough mix of the song by
adjusting levels and the spatial pan positions. The producer who is mostly provides feedback to the artist and the engineer during the session, listens to
the mix and may ask the engineer to make specific changes such as amplitude adjustments. Instruments in their isolated tracks are often soloed for
equalized changes to be made. The usual compression and limiting can be used in the mixing process to make individual tracks sound fuller and more
consistent

James T. Russell and the Invention of the Compact Disc Essay
James T. Russell and the Invention of the Compact Disc
James Russell was born in Bremerton, Washington in 1931. His first invention, at six years old, was a remote–control battleship with a storage
chamber for his lunch. In 1953, he earned his Bachelor of Arts in physics and graduated from Reed College in Portland. Afterwards he went to work
as a Physicist in General Electric's nearby labs in Richland, Washington. There he started many experimental instrumentation projects. He was one of
the first to use a color TV screen and keyboard with a computer. He designed and built the first electron beam welder.
When the Bettelle Memorial Institute opened its Pacific Northwest Laboratory in Richland, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He knew that if you could represent the binary 0 and 1 with dark and light, then a device could be produced that is able to read sounds or any other
information without wearing it out and if he could make the binary compact enough he could store a bunch on a small piece of film.
Bettelle let him pursue his project and in 1970, after years of work, he succeeded in inventing the first digital–to–optical recording and playback
system, the CD.
A CD is a simple round piece of plastic about 4/100ths of an inch thick, and 12 centimeters in diameter used for electronic recording, storing, and
playback. Most of a CD consists of an injection–moulded piece of clear polycarbonate plastic. During manufacturing, this plastic
is impressed with microscopic bumps arranged as a single, continuous, extremely long spiral track of data circling from the inside of the disc to the
outside. Once the clear piece of polycarbonate is formed, a thin, reflective aluminum layer is put onto the disc, covering the bumps. Then a thin acrylic
layer is sprayed over the aluminum to protect it, and the CD label is printed onto the acrylic. The compact disc was first used for audio storage only,
but are now used to store audio, video, text, and any other information in digital form, and are able to hold 783 megabytes in all.
The CD works, because binary information is

How Music Has Changed New Music
You 've decided that you want to make music and become the next Will–i–am, P Diddy or LMFAO. Fantastic! There is no better time to start learning
to produce and here 's why:
The music production tools have become incredibly cheap for beginners to achieve professional results.New technology is making music production
techniques much easier and faster.The music industry has changed dramatically over the last few years, transforming new artists and musicians into
global superstars overnight, you too can share the spotlight.
It is very exciting time 's at the moment!
It really does not matter if you can not play an instrument, learning new music production techniques will enable you to be creative in other ways.
Quality music invokes a full range of feelings within the listener. As a music producer, your job is to master the art that invoke those feelings.Believe
me when I say that professional–sounding music is an art. It can be taught to a certain degree, but really all it takes is time, dedication and passion.If
you have the desire to create great music, Producer Pack will provide you with the latest sample packs and loops from some of the worlds best
producers and engineers to give you the inspiration needed to become a top producer in this very competitive industry.
What Do You Need
Nowadays almost all electronic music is written on a PC or MAC computer. Producers use music software programs to process and arrange the music
so that it sounds the way they want it to

Essay on MP3 and Music
The Possibilities and Problems of Digital Recording and Distribution
Abstract: This essay deals with the creative possibilities generated by the influx of inexpensive and easy to use digital recording software, hardware,
and digital distribution techniques. One of the main themes of the essay is the problem of upholding creativity and artistic integrity in an unmediated
digital environment.
What would you say if I told you that I had bought entire paragraphs of this paper online? You would probably accuse me of plagiarism and disregard
the contents of the essay. However, many contemporary composers and their listeners consider the practice of buying digital "loops" of music for use
in compositions completely ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, modern technology has made it possible to package many of the features of large recording studios into small digital recording consoles,
which amateur musicians can afford. The price of one of these consoles, the Tascam Digital Portastudio 788, at Musiciansfriend.com, is $899.99 [1].
This console, although seemingly expensive, is much more cost–effective than paying for an entire studio, and can achieve nearly the same results. The
real benefit of a digital recording console, however, is the creative control it bestows upon musicians. Instead of having a producer who dictates how the
recording should sound, the musician becomes the producer, giving him complete control over all aspects of the composition. Additionally, because of
the cost of studio recording, a musician's time in the studio is usually limited. However, with a personal digital recording console, one can freely
experiment with new ideas without time constraints. While this unmediated recording environment theoretically provides an artist with unlimited
creative flexibility, it also allows for detrimental misuse in the form of non–original composition, which can negate the creative possibilities of this new
artistic process.
The accessibility and simplicity of the unmediated digital recording process enable individuals, who otherwise would not be involved in music
recording, damage the reputation

Beanbag Project Research Paper
Project title
Original? Why?
Was it difficult to solve? Consider access to knowledge, problems to solve, resources needed
What real life problem did it solve?
The Beanbag Project
This experiment is quite original as many people just use bean bags without even thinking about how many beans are used inside of them. I haven't
heard of any other experiments testing the same thing, so to me I think that this experiment is unique.
This experiment doesn't seem very difficult to solve, as the main thing that you have to do is test other people's thoughts. The resource which would be
needed would be beanbags with different amount of beans in them, which may have been difficult cost wise.
A real life problem in the world is the pollution which is in the environment. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This means that Sam's experiment is original as it most likely hasn't been done before where someone has come up with a different conclusion.
This experiment may have been difficult to solve if the person conducting the experiment didn't either have chickens at their house or have access to
someone else's backyard chickens. He would also have to take into consideration that the experiment might not be a fair test as some of the chickens
may be fed more, making their eggs bigger.
A real life problem is the weight of chicken eggs, and how some are very light and some are quite heavy in comparison. This could also solve the
problem of knowing when chickens will lay eggs which weigh a different amount. This could also lead someone on to conduct an experiment which
shows the type of food which chickens eat to make their eggs lose less weight. It would mean that the owners of the chickens could know when to stop
eating their eggs and just enjoy them as their pets, or could label their eggs either light or heavy.
Selecting your own

MP3 Essay
As most of us know, downloading mp3's has seemed to be a big computer demand over these past couple of years. Typical college students around the
United States would spend hours downloading files to their computer that would just contain their favorite songs they listen to daily. But why are these
students wasting their time and their Internet use downloading simple songs they could find on CD's? Well the main idea here is that most of the
mp3's that people download off the Internet are free. You do not have a fee to pay when you download this music. Also, here is the first chance ever
where people are able to download their favorite music without taking up that much space on their computer.
Background of an MP3 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A bitrate is a term widely used in audio compression" ("MP3 Info"). It is the

MP3 Essay
Mp3 argument
The Next Revolution in Music Technology: Make or Break?
Throughout life I have encountered several different mediums of music including eight–track recordings, vinyl records, cassette tapes, mini–discs,
digital audio tapes (DAT), and compact discs. I have always considered the CD to be the greatest technological advancement (as a medium of music)
of my generation because it was the first digital audio format made readily available to the general public. Because of the CD, people were hearing
music like they had never heard it before – exactly as it would sound in the artist's recording studio. Among other things, we have digital audio
technology to thank for that. But we have recently been ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The players connect to a computer, and MP3 files are transferred to them, allowing users to utilize the portable unit the same way they use a
portable cassette or CD player. As you may see by this brief overview, the new audio format has generated a lot of activity. As far as obtaining MP3
audio files goes, there are thousands of web sites dedicated to supplying the files (mp3.com, mp3.box.sk, mp3.lycos.com). An Internet surfer can
search for music in MP3 format, and by the simple click of a button, have the music transferred to his or her computer in as little as five minutes or
even less.
What types of music are available in MP3 format? Any type one could imagine.
While a portion of MP3 files in existence are created by individual, unsigned music artists, there is also a large amount of commercial,
copyright–protected music freely available for download from the Internet. This is the beginning of a complicated argument.
Now that it is possible for consumers to download copyrighted material free of charge, major record labels have a great fear.
"Tons of people use it [MP3] online, but most big record labels have not embraced it for fear of privacy, since the format also allows for widespread
copying of illegal files."
(Sullivan 1999).
On the

Pc Specification Table
ABSTRACT Rita's successful business requires an update in order to continue providing the services that her employees and clients have become
accustomed to. Rita has expressed concerns about the recent decrease in download speeds, storage capacity, and general efficiency of the computers
that she uses to produce the CDs and DVDs that she distributes to the health clubs and instructors that she serves. This client has requested
recommendations for a system that will allow her to: 1. search for and download various media files online to edit, store, and share, 2. create
documents, spreadsheets, presentations, and calendars, 3. print documents and high quality CD labels, 4. utilize online services like banking, email,
and calendars, and 5.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
| Other Peripheral Devices| MP3 player| These devices are dependent upon client need and budget. Not all devices may be used, and those that are
should be carefully chosen to meet the specific needs of the client.| MIDI keyboard| | Digital Audio Workstation (DAW)| |
1 The client's personal preferences will determine which type of device is chosen.
2 The services offered in the client's area will determine which type of broadband modem (DSL or Cable) should be used.
System Unit Features| Feature| Details| Need Met| Processor| Intel Core i5| Mid–range pricing with increased speed for streaming video and audio|
RAM| 8GB| Greater RAM means more speed and the ability to run more applications at the same time; perfect for creating, editing, and sharing videos
online and across a network| Adaptor Cards: Graphics| Radeon HD 6450| Entry level graphics card fits basic needs without requiring that the client buy
more hardware than necessary| Adaptor Cards: Network| 1. Built–in 10/100Base–T Ethernet LAN2. Built–in 802.11b/g/n wireless LAN| Allows the
client to connect multiple PCs to a network for file sharing and internet access via Ethernet cables or wireless connection| Ports (Rear)| HDMI
DisplayDVI

Mp3 Research Papers
What is the hottest buzzword around the Internet today? What topic has replaced 'sex' as the most searched for term on the web? The answer to both
of these questions is MP3 audio.
MP3 stands for MPEG 1 Layer 3 Audio, which is a digital audio compression format developed by the Moving Picture Experts Group. It takes a CD
audio file and gets rid of all the frequencies on the song that can't be heard by the human ear, thus ridding the data file of much wasted space. With
compression, the files turn out to be around four times smaller than the original with the same, near CD quality audio. While "MP3" may technically be
the name of the compression format, it has become synonymous with the music files ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, there are many bands that release their music online for publicity, which is completely legal. The only time it is illegal is when the audio file
is that of a copyrighted music track used without the artist's permission.
To an up and coming band, MP3s and MP3 websites are a godsend. These bands can record a CD at any recording studio, then rip– that is, take an
audio CD track and turn it into an MP3 – the tracks and put them on their website for anyone to download. The band could also put their songs on a
large, well known website such as mp3.com which specializes in the distribution of legal MP3 audio files. By doing this, the band is allowing their
music to be heard easily, quickly, and inexpensively all over the world.
For music lovers around the globe, MP3s allow easy access to new music. They can easily get on the Internet and find out about new bands and their
music. They can also find songs by their favorite bands that had been previously been unreleased or bootlegs from concerts.
When the MP3 standard was first developed, it was solely used on computers. One could download the music, but then be stuck listening to it only
there. Then Diamond, a well–known manufacturer of computer multimedia devices, invented the Rio. The Rio was a small MP3 player much like a
Walkman. The device connected to a computer and the MP3s were

The Negative Impact Of Audio Recording On Tinfoil Processes
To think that audio recordings use to be recorded on a tinfoil cylinder and are now maybe 5.6MB saved on a USB or laptop. Regardless to say a lot
has changed since the development of audio recording, it has gone from being heard by hand cranking to the push of a button to listen to recordings
that have not only found their way in different formats but to different forms which they are used seemly in everyday life. From the movies that we
go to with our friends, to jamming out to our favorite tunes as to get in that last bit of info before an exam. It's integrated itself in a variety of ways
that stem from leisure, recreation, education, and even to the professional rem. Needless to say, audio recording has had big impact in the areas that we
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, it's just limited to those areas of leisure that audio recording has found its home, but in the arenas of professionalism, everyday use and
for those special moments that could be a memory forever. When it comes to the professional side of things, rather writing all the exciting new
ideas for an upcoming project down, which can be hard in a fast pace working environment. Audio recording 'Notes' on your phone or other device
has been able to help put an end to the phrase, 'Oh what did I just say a minute ago,' providing the chance to have a bit more memory space that we
normally have. When think in the aspect of everyday use from creating a voice recording of our grocery list is no doubt important, because food is
great, along with studying purposes for the typical student that made have taken an audio recording of an important lecture. To some of the more
important things in life that we wished we had more time for, along the lines of the family

Critical Analysis Of Trifles
Trifles, by Susan K. Glaspell, is a play written in 1917 when the need for women's rights was sought. Throughout the years, many productions of the
play have taken place, as the story is famous for it's strong opinion on the treatment of women, however many directors take what they can from the
story to give their interpretation of the characters, setting, and the plot. A video production of A Jury of Her Peers, directed by Sally Heckel, will be
different than an audio production of the same play, directed Martin Jenkins, even if they stick to the same dialogue. For example, the bird scene,
although with the same lines and characters, can have different undertones depending on how the characters stress their words, the pauses between
sentences, their subtlety or their blatantly when in action, and even the emotion expressed on the characters face. However, how can you see these
emotions through just an audio of the play? How can you feel the tension in the air, the pained expression on the character's face, or their tight–lipped
remarks? The audio production due to it's lack of visual representation has to compensate with fervid voice action and controlled background noises.
Due to this, Ms.Peter sounds sophisticated and appeared to sound pleased when finding the birdcage in Mrs.Wright's kitchen. When addressing the
birdcage, Ms.Peters and Ms.Hale talk fast paced, this causes their conversation to sound whole like they know what they're talking about. Throughout
the scene the emotions that they portray are watery; my only explanation is that there is no heaviness or intensity of the truth of birdcage, they have
no build up of the plot as if the presence of the birdcage is a small matter but not the initial cause of Ms.Wright's trouble. However, when Ms.hale
describes Ms.Wright the tone changes to a serious note The video production, on the other hand, brings the scene to life. They perfectly portray the
house as stuffy, small, and worn down just how a house on a farm would actually look like. The conversation between the town characters are perfectly
constructed, with Ms.Peters and her soft concerned face to Ms.Hale and her weary, worn out personality. Ms.Hale sounds sorrowful in the home since
she was

The Incredible Talking Machine And The Edison Cylinder...
Audio devices are very important in today's world. Without them, we would have no TV's, video games, movies, etc. All of those require audio devices
to project sound so that they work at their finest. There are two very important pioneers in the audio device industry that without them, we probably
wouldn't have audio devices. In the articles The Incredible Talking Machine, The History of the Edison Cylinder Phonograph, and Psst... Hey, You, the
articles explain the technology of sound. The process of refining and marketing the phonograph is similar to the development of the audio spotlight.
First of all, In the article The Incredible Talking Machine, The development and refining is similar between the two pieces of technology because,
"Within

Making Music With Different Online Programs
Making Music with Different Online Programs: High School student tries to become a Record Producer
1.THE INTRODUCTION
I've listened to a lot of music in my 514,561,058 seconds of life.
Of course the beginning first few years of my life did not consistent of heavy articulation and rhythm interpretation, rather it was to see if I could sing
back the ABC's or mumble the Arthur theme song to my sister.
Most of the music influence I have was harvested back when I was eleven. I listened to a wide variety of genres of music from pop, to rock, to rap, to
country, to concert band music, even to Bollywood music as that's what would be playing in my home as my mom cooked food for all of us.
The audio quality of the music always interested me. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I learned the correlation between blowing into an instrument and the sounds that come out.
This really changed my perception about music. I found myself enjoying the classical music that I would be playing on my clarinet, but I always
kept it in correlation with the new sounds and technology music was sounding like. The new electronic based sounds created on the computer with
the melodies and movement like a classical piece set that a part for me. I think this was generated by sounds from Kanye West and his albums such as
Graduation, and 808s & Heartbreaks, even the blending of genres from Coldplay between pop tunes and classical music using implications such as
organs, bells, and synthesizers in doing so.
So what I ended up learning and continue to learn is I that like music really no matter what condition it comes in. The examination of the work that
takes place behind it demonstrates more than what someone on the internet can tell me about how bad an album is or how weak the lyrics are. Of
course there's some analysis if a song is deemed as good or bad, but I always respect the work that is done in order to produce music.
2.WHY I'M DOING THIS?
I was given the opportunity to generate music on the computer. I wasn't necessary handed or forced into doing this, but when the opportunity came, I
decided to take it. My computer science teacher, the only one that's probably going

Wav File Analysis
To compare these two file formats properly, I loaded them both into my iTunes and put them side by side so I could easily click from one to the
other. I did this because it is very hard for me to remember the differences between two versions of the same song without hearing the exact same part
immediately after each other. Luckily for me, this song has some very distinct changes between its mp3 file and its wav file. However, when I began
listening to the mp3 file I had trouble hearing it properly which led me to have to fiddle with volume knobs. When I then loaded the wav file I was
completely blown away by the brightness and fullness of the sound as opposed to the trouble I had with the mp3 format. I really felt like I was apart
of the performance ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Without that original recording or the one that had the specific deformity, how could I tell what I was hearing? It continues to be a strenuous task for
me because, even though I have an understanding of what I am supposed to be hearing, I can not always hear it as everyone else does. Reverberation
is the one sound aspect that I can hear pretty consistently since it is the continuation of a sound that can obviously be heard and counted after the
beginning of the note. I hear this specifically in the drums and cymbals of this song and it is my favorite feature since it I enjoy reverb the most in the
music I listen

Personal Reflection : A Personal Note On Music And Music
Two days?! How was I supposed to complete a large project for Ethics class in two days? As it turned out, I was out sick with the flu the day the
project was assigned. Of course I asked for an extension, but my teacher told me not to stress about the assignment, for was confident that I could
complete it in time. I love school projects; I love putting in the effort to make something extravagant, but how can I be expected to finish this in two
days– and on the subject of mass incarceration nonetheless!
I quickly resolved to compose a song (music is a passion of mine). Later that day during my independent study, Music Composition and Digital Audio, I
started planning and writing my project. I quickly became anxious about how to complete it in time, and I was frustrated with the assignment. But I
didn't have time to be frustrated by the assignment, I just had to do it. That night, I spent three hours writing the words and composing the music on
the keyboard in my bedroom. I could write down the lyrics so as not to forget them, but it would have taken too long to transcribe the notes onto sheet
music; instead, I had to trust myself to remember.
Preparing to record the next day, I grabbed everything I might need– a portable audio recorder, a spare microphone, printed copy of the lyrics. The
following day, I took advantage of every spare moment of the day. I spent 3rd period recording thepiano part after learning that my math teacher
conveniently had jury duty. During Digital

MP3 Piracy Essay
&#65279;MP3 PIRACY
TOPIC PARAGRAPH:
The trading of MP3's or digital music over the Internet is all ways going to be prevalent part of the music industry, and is an unrealistic goal to try to
control. The cost of controlling the piracy issues over the Internet would cost record companies more money than what they are losing due to MP3
trading. The record industry is trying to fight the major sites and companies in court with copyright suits. Quinlan states " Although downloading music
over the Internet and playing it back on computer or portable digital music players has become increasingly popular, major record labels have been
slow to embrace distribution over the Web because of the difficultly
in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The main legal controversy involved with MP3 file's is that they are being traded around the Internet without the artist consent of the artist or record
companies.
Kimmel (1997) states the following:
It seem obvious that the use of MP3 technology does not for the most part, meet the requirements, set by the Copyright Law of 1976, to clam fair use
for educational purposes.
These arguments can include protection gaps, where copyright treaties only protect material for a certain amount of time, thus making produced and
distributed after this gap has expired legal. Another legal justification of bootleg recordings is that the copyright is not owned by the artist, publisher, or
record company, though this defense has not been as successful as the protection gap defense.
This is what is making it easy for sites to be around such as MP3.com and programs such as
Napster.
Length, format, and approximate size of a 5 minute music files.
Format Size
WAV 60 MB
RealAudio ~1 MB
MP3 5 MB
My.MP3.com:

The chief argument theat MP3.com states is thus Robertson (2000) says " When a consumers buys a CD, does the industry get to tell the

Edm Research Paper
Electronic music is without a doubt the most rapidly expanding genre in its industry. While this may be due to it's progressive yet addictive structured
melody and catchy beats, one may wonder just how EDM has become so popular. After a careful examination of the topic, it is evident that EDM's rise
to fame is due to its international culture, underground history with dance clubs, and leaves a mark in our world differently than any other genre.
Edm being a more modern genre made it's production easily accessible by all countries thanks to the innovation of the digital audio workstation
(DAW). Unlike genre's in the past, Edm was created and shared not limited to the interests of one country. For example, the blues were most popular
among African ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Popular culture and music of today have been heavily influenced by DAW's and electronic music. For instance, Justin Beiber's latest hits "Let me
love you", "What do you mean, "Where are You Now", and "Cold Water" have all being produced with the contribution of EDM artists. The
phenomenon that is electronic music unifies artists and their fans alike. One case of this is the EDM festival "Tomorrowland" which is considered a
worldwide event due to the amount tourists who visit, and is described: "Quite the surreal experience to be surrounded by people from 75 different
countries, some of those who don't even speak the same language as you, celebrating the same music and artists you enjoy"(Kagan). The hosting city
of an EDM music conference benefits from the amount of money, and travelers they bring in. Despite The lowest priced ticket costing around $350,
"UMF" (Ultra Music Festival) had approximately 165000 attendees, "generating $79 million in revenue for the Miami–Dade county economy" and "put
$10 million in taxes into the coffers of state and local governments"

Why Do Jazz Musicians Need A Cabaret Card?
Imagine you are a Jazz musician who relies solely on performing at nightclubs, and who runs the risk of having their "cabaret card" being revoked
at anytime. Well that was the case for many jazz musicians such as Billie Holiday, Charlie Parker, and Thelonious Monk. During the period of
Prohibition, 1920 until 1967, New York City nightclub workers were issued a Cabaret Card which was their license to perform at these clubs. I
believe it was unjust for these performers to even own a cabaret card. In my opinion, the cards shouldn't even exist. Without them, these performers
would not be able to work and their only source of income would come to an end. If I were mayor, I would not support the idea of a Cabaret Card
because it was repulsing and discriminating.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This would occasionally include expressing their passion or disliking of something. Some would argue that it was not okay for musicians to express
themselves in such matters. I argue that these musicians have the right to sing whatever they like. Musicians aren't forcing anyone to listen to their music
or to do what the message of their music says. Like everyone else, musicians have the right to exercise their freedom of speech. The First Amendment
states, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech
or of the press..." Therefore, the moldy figs have the same right to say what they dislike about the music just as much as the artists have the right to sing
about what they

The Impacts of Technology on Music Recording Industry and...
The Impacts of Technology on
Music Recording Industry and Society
"TV has restored the daily life of family, Photography has altered the way we look at the world, the computer has changed everything." (Mark Katz,
2010)
It is true the computer has converted everything into digital. Digital technology has also changed the ways of sound and voice recording. It has
gradually led to the changes not only in the production of sound but also in the views of society, precisely consumers and producers. Since the 70's, the
computer, music and audio industries have influenced on one another. Nowadays, many people use different digitalsound recording equipment and
sound recording software to transform ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Signing to a record label and a contract, the artists have transferred ownership of copyrights to the producers and fans could only buy pre–recorded
music with labels. However, the new digital music industry has now the abundance of obstacles for artists and music fans. With the launch of streaming
services for high–speed Net access in the smart phones and tablets, the only remaining piece of the old industry's music network is AM/FM radio in
cars but sooner or later, this final change will also make it collapsed.
The Role of Digital Technology in Contemporary Era * Consumers' Views on Digital Technology Over two decades, digital technology introduced by
the computer industry has made outside influences on recording practice changed drastically. The Internet also provided a new way to distribute
music with new formats such as mp3, mpeg, and wav; and this led to the rise of the P2P (peer–to–peer) file sharing technology. According to Persson
(2006), music consumers are not only the major supporters of recordings, but also of other technical products, supporting changes in playback
equipment and home recording technologies. Music fans do not need labels, retail stores and media outlets any more, to listen to pre–recorded music
before buying it. Public has access to all music and makes their own decisions to select and buy the songs they like. Therefore, more people are now
engaging and

Sound Recording, Its History and Impact on Media in the...
Sound Recording, Its History And Impact On Media In The 21st Century
On this essay I will try to show how Sound Recording impacts media in the 21st century. But in order for me to do that I will need to explore the
history of Sound Recording, which started in the 19th Century.
Before 1877 sound could be recorded but not played. That year Thomas Alva Edison invented the talking tin foil, also known as the phonograph (voice
– writer), which enabled sound to be played back (the first speech to be recorded and played back was the poem by Sarah Josepha Hale (1830) 'Mary
had a little lamb', which, unfortunately "was not preserved, but in 1927, Edison re–enacted the recording for Fox Movietone news. It can be heard on the
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
waltzes, polkas, cakewalks, and so on. Yet the most famous leader of such a band, John Philip Sousa, had doubts about the phonograph and publicly
denounced recordings as inferior to live music. Thus began a decades–long campaign against recorded music, sponsored by a succession of music
critics, social theorists, and musicians.
As one of those social theorists has argued, the real significance of the early phonograph was that it transformed the way people listened to music.
Where once music was a unique, live performance, experienced in a public place with a group, now it was heard privately in the home and it was
possible to hear the same "performance" over and over. According to this argument, the listening experience was cheapened." Recording History.org(?)
Music was available almost anywhere, any time so people, in theory, would be exposed to a wider selection of music, which, some people believed,
would result in a social uplift process. However in the United States and Europe most people kept buying popular music instead of what reformers
called "good" music. "Good" music started being advertised more heavily, by companies like Victor, Columbia and Edison's, by offering a wider
variety of "good" music in their catalogs.
"Historians have also countered the argument that the phonograph degraded musical taste by noting

Educational Podcast Analysis. Jessica Vandeventer....
Educational Podcast Analysis Jessica Vandeventer Description Activity Educational Podcasts Information This project will be used to gain an
understanding of where to find audio sources and the importance of implementing them in a classroom environment. Points 100 Points Total Due Date
Project is due January 30, 2017 1. What is the URL (web site) that you downloaded or listened to the Podcast from? http://www.scienceupdate.com
/2017/01/bee–stings–2/ http://www.scienceupdate.com/2017/01/insects–in–winter–2/ 2. What subject do you currently (or will you) teach? I will teach
general curriculum to elementary students, or I hope to focus on early science for elementary Students. 3.Why did you choose this specific Podcast? I
chose this... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
7.With the seemingly large scale of technology available to teenagers, would you allow students to listen to their smart devices during your daily
course? I do not think I would allow my students to listen to their devices during my class period. I find that listening on person devices is a
distraction to what is happening in class. I think that if we need to listen to something, it can be done as a class with speakers. 8.How can you use
audio books in your classroom to provide a viable alternative to reading course material? Audiobook can be used in the classroom to proved a way
for audio learns to learn better. We can listen to a book as a class and no one has to read allowed to the class. I personally listen to a lot of books at
home and find that I can take notes easier. 9.For any course, music can be used in some way. In what ways do you believe you will you
incorporate music to help teach your curriculum? Music can be very helpful in the classroom, and I would use is in the classroom. I know when
studying and test taking classical music is suppose to help with memory. I would use music as a way to help students study. Another way in which to
use music is to find songs about what you are currently studying, this can be a fun way to help students memorize terms for science or other courses
of study. 10.Find one article or web site related to your course and how methods are being used to implement audio files (in any

Audio Digital Devices
An S–curve analysis of the portable audio players industry yields interesting insights about the technological evolution of the industry as well as the
implications for the firms competing in the market of such devices. In order to effectively analyze the industry it is useful to first provide a brief
overview of the evolution of the technology of portable audio players. In 1964 the first portable audio device was introduced in the market, the 8 track
cartridge stereo. The four most important features of this device from the perspective of the customer and thus relevant for S–curve analysis were size
of the device, storage capacity, audio quality and ease of use (I will limit to the discussion of selecting the song a customer wants the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The area where the curves overlap (where the CD curve has a lower level on the y–axis than the audiocassette player) represents the introduction of CD
players which were originally larger than portable audiocassette players such as Sony's Walkman. Finally, we see that the S–curve of the digital audio
players starts at a higher level than the one for CDs as from the outset such devices were extremely small given the new technology. While one
could conceivably think of an increasingly smaller device being developed with digital technology it would reach a natural limit as you need a
certain minimum amount of material to make the device. I will define storage capacity as "storage capacity given the size of the storage device".
Regarding storage capacity cassettes had less storage capacity than CD players when CD players were introduced, thus we see CD players having an
S–curve that starts above that of cassette players. When digital devices appeared in the market they had a much larger storage capacity than CDs
therefore we see a large vertical gap between CD players and digital audio devices (iPod for example). Regarding storage capacity one could
conceivably think that digital devices could improve dramatically however one would approach a limit as at

Sound Recording In Canada
Sound Recording in Canada, not regulated by the Government
Introduction
Sound recording was initially invented in 1857 by Edouard–Leon Scott de Martinville. The development of sound recording has gone through multiple
stages to become what it is today. From phonographs to magnetic tapes and further developments, sound recording has been used within the music
industry for ages. The government does not regulate the process of sound recording, however conflicts regarding copyright infringements are present.
Brief History
An academic article written by Linda M. Fidler and William L. Schurk titled "Sound Recording Archives" discusses the history of sound recording.
During the 1960, the preservation of sound recording "saw major changes in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Broadcasting is "$14 billion industry that includes radio and television, as well as the distribution services of cable, satellite, and, increasingly the
Internet and mobile devices" (Gasher, Skinner, Lorimer 218). The Canadian government regulates broadcasting because "it serves national, cultural,
and political goals" (Gasher, Skinner, Lorimer 219). The reason for comparing regulations between sound recording and broadcasting is the fact that
a great proportion of radio broadcasting is recorded music. "There is a significant symbiosis between radio broadcast policy and policies designed to
encourage the production and dissemination of Canadian music" (Gasher, Skinenr, Lorimer 225). Radio broadcasters are required to have a license in
order to broadcast music through their channel. The Canadian Radio–television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) is in charge of issuing
these licenses to broadcasters. "Today, the CRTC's duties in the broadcasting field include: issuing and renewing licenses, up to a maximum of seven
years, modifying existing license conditions, and suspending or revoking licenses" (Gasher, Skinner, Lorimer 221). It is evident that the use of sound
recordings within the field of broadcasting is strictly regulated. This further develops an idea that the sound recording industry will become regulated
within the future, as it is present in such a vast

Speech On Electronic Music
Electronic music is in most of the music that we hear today, and it's good. We hear it in cafes, restaurants, clubs and even elevators. It's all over us and
it surrounds us even if we don't realize it. It is true that life performances is a really good way to communicate with music. Many people fall in love
with music because they can communicate anything with music, even sometimes without words. Communication is the most important thing in music,
and performing really helps communicate the way you want. But knowing how to write electronic music will put you one or many steps ahead of the
curve. This knowledge will increase the output points with which you could communicate your ideas. Because there is so much competition in the art
world, it's really good to be ahead of the curve. It's really good if you can communicate with music better than your competitors.... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
You might not realize it but this is true. It is also true that singers use their voice in order to perform while recording their song. You would say,
why use electronic music if you could just record your voice and the instruments? The main difference is that the "raw" voice and instruments
would sound bad when they are freshly recorded. Even if you record it with the most expensive microphone, you would still end up with a
recording that doesn't sound like most of the hits you hear on the radio or any other platform. This is because your recording is not what is called
"processed" with modern audio tools. There are many tools that will greatly improve the sound of your song. It's generally really good to know the
basics of these tools. This knowledge would be good for any work with any audio. For example you could use this knowledge to fix the audio in a
film or a small video that you made. It's doesn't take a long time to comprehend these basic tools. They will allow you to increase the quality of any
audio that you are working

Nt1330 Unit 4 Assignment
This was by far the most challenging course that I have encountered while obtaining my Master's Degree in Educational Technology from UCMO.
That is not a negative comment as this course has actually impacted me professionally more than any other course I've taken to date. This course has
taken more time to complete the assignments, more of my attention to detail, and more of my creativity. The last point was the best part about this
course. I consider myself to be fairly creative and this course definitely allowed me to do that while bringing my somewhat odd personality to a
professional forum. For this I am grateful. Let's get to the good stuff, shall we? Three assignments in particular really forced me to address the ISTE
standards. I will address each assignment individually and their... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A digital audio file is definitely a digital tool and having it available for students to either stream online or download makes for easy accessibility for
student use. The audio assignment displayed digital citizenship under ISTE standard 5.b, which calls for the legal and ethical use of online materials
available for students. Having created the audio file myself, there is definitely no copyright infringement. The second assignment I'm going to discuss
was the digital library assignment. This assignment focused on teaching, learning and assessments under ISTE standard 2.a, which undertook the
implementation of digital learning experiences while addressing content standards. The digital library is most definitely a digital experience for
students as they can only get to it by way of the internet. Within the digital library, there are sixteen different content standards focused on, ranging
from the difference between the inner and outer planets to the difference between series and parallel

Discuss the Impact of Digital Technology on the Production...
Over centuries past, music has seen leaps and bounds in the enhancement of theory, instruments, and recording arts. The first major leap was the
invention of the piano in 1709 by Bartolomeo Cristofori. From that first major step came the introduction of electronic instruments short after the
harnessing of electricity which came in the early 19th century. Soon after that came recording and then on to synthesizers and eventually digital
recording. As computers were introduced to society, computer music was also brought into our vision. What we are seeing today in the music industry
is the use of computers and the Internet to distribute music, whereas in the past, distribution was only available via record, eight track, tape and compact
disc. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, the large volume of traffic on the Internet makes it difficult to track messages and files over time and space.
Given that there are thousands of MP3 sites around the world, with a vast array of musical resources, visited by millions, there is a new social reality
of individuals organizing themselves and their musical passions. The music industry today is an organized business with over 70 percent of the
global market controlled by five major corporations. The possibilities for newcomers in the business are few. MP3 was so undesirable because it
represented an application of technology unanticipated by the industry. Given the industry's history of taking advantage of new technologies, how will
it use the Internet?
The future of the business is closely related to computer technology and the World Wide Web. The Internet provides opportunities to expand markets,
transport goods more easily and hence increase sales, and consequently provide for more profitable results. New computing developments and
environments will make the consumption of music easier than ever while at the same providing products of a much higher quality:
"Systems are being put in place in stores to allow music (be it entire albums or individuals songs) to be downloaded and burned to CD,

Investigating Possible Malware From A Workstation Memory
When investigating possible malware from a workstation memory, the process off capturing and analyzing volatile data is the key to unlocking
important evidence. While some information may be stored securely on an encrypted volume, ongoing communications in social networks, open
network communications, data on running processes, and chat rooms never ends up in the hard drive. Therefore, a responder should make a memory
dump to acquire the digital evidence in addition to understanding that the evidence they may be looking for could be contained in the physical memory
to avoid a shut down that could tamper with the evidence. The physical memory contains such data as possible malicious codes, unencrypted content,
network information, and open files and registry handles.
The responder would have to act on this crime which involves the internet by first ascertaining the method of chat that was used by the user ID. Chats
involve internet relay chat, instant messenger program, or a web's chat facility. This would entail determining the website that hosted the chat, its
internet address, and the program that the user ID used. This would provide information identifying the suspect and the content of the chat detailing the
time and dates of the chat activity.
Moreover, the evidential and Association of Chief Police Officers, ACPO considerations essential in this process include integrity whereby the digital
evidence must entail integrity at all stages. Integrity should drive the

Manager Job Description Of A Podcast Manager
Podcast Manager Job Description
The Podcast Manager is responsible for maintaining editorial and stylistic standards, quality, and content accuracy of all communications. The position
develops, edits, and publishes written and visual content; manages NUNU Publishing social media channels; and provides billable communication
services to NUNU PUBLISHING.
This position generates story ideas for, edits all content of, and is integral to readying for publication of media content generated by NUNU
PUBLISHING. The incumbent produces concise written copy for press releases and member communications; creates and maintains production
calendars; writes, edits, and proofreads written corporate communication products.
This position demonstrates a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Job Type: Full–time or Contract
Salary: $ to $/year
Job Location:
Tallahassee, FL
NuNu Publishing is an Equal Opportunity Employer.
.
Executive Producer
We are seeking an experienced Executive Producer to work on podcasts for NuNu Publishing, a company focusing on the stories of companies,
organizations and individuals that are making incredible efforts to advance and achieve a more healthy and sustainable world.
The person we have in mind is an avid podcast listener,

Business Case Study: What Is Better World Books?
What is Better World Books? Better World Books is an online retailer of new as well as used textbooks. The company focuses on social responsibility
and environmental–friendly practices. They currently stock over eight million new and used textbooks, novels, and nonfiction titles. All proceeds
from their sales are donated towards charitable literacy programs and they also regularly donate books to people in need. In addition, every order
shipped from the store is carbon–balanced. How to use a Better World Books coupon? The Better World Books homepage regularly publishes
coupons and promo codes offering 10 to 20% discounts on regularly priced books. You could also browse the internet for more websites that give out
many more similar or other

MP3
MP3 – A Controversial Technology
Technology is constantly changing and reinventing itself. With every new invention there will be controversy on how it affects the industry it is
within. There will also be those who exploit the new technology is some way or form. MP3's is an example of a controversial break through in
technology. The question arises should the music industry embrace the opportunities MP3's can offer orfight it.
MP3 is an audio compression that speeds up the transfer of digital music files. By shrinking the size of the track, downloads take only a fraction of the
time that they used to. MP3's also feature solid–state technology, flash memory and the ability to download and store high fidelity music. With... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Labels sign up and coming artists buy all the copyrights to their songs and then promote them, their success riding on the promotion. The Labels then
produce their CD's for under a dollar each unit and then charge the wholesalers around ten times the cost of production. Records main concern is how
the development of the MP3 will impact record sales. Of course it will affect record sales. However, music on the Internet and its devices is here to
stay so the real question they should be asking themselves is what can we do to embrace these new technologies and make it work for us? Record
companies on the average keep 85–90% of the profits, their artist given a mere10–15%. The record companies should be scared they have been raking
over the artists and the consumers for years by charging such high prices. They have brought the desire for technology such as the MP3 on
themselves. There is yet to be any reliable evidence that MP3's have caused any decrease in overall record sales. A few sources claim that record
sales have dropped slightly around college universities.
Artists expect to own and profit from their own work. Under common copying laws, an artist is also allowed to control the distribution of

The Development of Digital Audio Workstations
When it comes to recording in a modern day environment DAW's (digital audio workstation) are an essential piece of equipment if professional
standard results are desired. Although DAW's are considered a modern technological advancement the first attempt at a DAW was in 1977 and it
came from Dr. Tom Stockham's Soundstream (See references for full description) digital system. It had very powerful editing capabilities and for its
time a very advanced crossfader but was still primitive compared to today's standard. At this moment there are 100's of DAW's on the market but
arguably there some obvious leaders. Avid's Pro Tools has been the go to DAW for any professional studio for the past 20 years and although there
have been rumors of Avid... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
EVP is a fairly basic synth that has 3 model parameters that affect whatever model is selected at the time. It also has a basic EQ and a selection of
effects to apply to the selected model. Up to 88 voices are available as are stretch parameters that effect the tuning of the integrated equal–tempered
scale. All of this makes for a basic yet effective synth considering it comes with the Logic upon opening. Ableton has a wide selection of built in
synths to choose from that are categorized into groups based upon their individual synthesis. 10 Saw Lead emulates a fairly typical saw synth,
being a saw wave based synth it is very loud and clear and is made by adding a series of sine waves together at different frequencies. Compared to
Logic there are a more parameters and a routing section making for a more advanced synth. Up to 36 voices are available but there is no EQ local
to the synth itself and as far as user experience is concerned the unimaginative design and abundance of buttons make it more daunting than Logic's
simple design. Automation can be a very useful tool when creatively so a user may rely on a DAW to provided an easy and effective experience.
Ableton answer to this very simple, from the click of a button a automation line may be drawn on any given track of choice free hand. This can be
done for MIDI and audio effortlessly and also allows for voltage controlled, moving fader and software–controlled automation. Automation can also be
applied to any

The Impact Of Digital Audio On The Audio Engineering Industry
Development of Digital Audio The development of digital audio has drastically changed the Audio Engineering Industry. While it is debatable whether
the change is for the better, I believe that the increased editing flexibility, cost effectiveness, convenient storage, as well as many other advantages
offered, make digital audio the clear winner over purely analog setups. It is not my intention to debate whether analog sounds better than digital or vice
versa; rather, it is my intention to discuss the development of digital audio, the science behind it, and the effect that the introduction and development
of digital audio has had on the field of Audio Engineering. In order to understand and appreciate the improvements that digital audio has brought to the
Audio Engineering industry, I feel that we must first understand what preceded this technology. Prior to the inception of digital audio, sound was
recorded using a host of different mediums and technologies. One such method used for analog recording was the use of fluctuating magnetism
within a medium. Most forms of tape recording, with the exception of the "red headed step child" known as the Digital Audio Tape or DAT, use this
method of storing audio. The tape is coated with a type of easily magnetized material called ferromagnetic material. This is typically a ferric oxide
powder that coats the tape. As the tape runs across the play head, the different levels of magnetism recorded onto the tape are then detected

Explain Briefly the Physiological Process of Hearing in...
Sound Engineering Principles
Module SED1001
Brief;
Explain briefly the physiological process of hearing in humans. Which factors affect our hearing in terms of perception of loudness and pitch, and what
part does psychoacoustics play in our perception of sound?
Then, give an overview of the main historical developments in recording sound. Which development do you think is the most significant and why?
Student nВ°:1104830
Marking Tutor: Stuart Avery
Date of submission: 23/11/2011
Word count: 1629
It is possible to explain shortly the hearing process, fundamental for any human being, as it follows:
Outer ear
As a sound reaches the ear, this gets directed into the ear canal by the pinna, a funnel–like structure.
The ear canal increases ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Generally speaking, the limit is above 200ms, below that duration, loudness is affected by sound's length. (5)
Direction
The directional perception of sounds in the space is made possible thanks to a subconscious comparison of the nerve signals coming from both ears
(Binaural Effect).
The four factors determining such phenomenon are delay time and intensity difference of the signals perceived by each ear, together with phase and

timbre.
To get into more detail, the delay time, or time of arrival, for each ear, is different whether the sound source is in front of the listener (0ms of delay
between the ears) or next to him or her (up to 0.6 ms), while the intensity of the signal reaching the closer ear is obviously higher.(6)
The signal perceived by each ear also has a different phase, but only if its bandwidth is greater than the distance between the ears, I.e. below 500 Hz.
Finally, the timbre is also important, as the signal will lose high frequencies while reaching the farthest ear.
10
Environment and reflections
Among the others, the Haas effect also plays an important role in our perception of sound.
Named after the experimenter who quantified this behaviour of our ears, it's now proved that the ear attends to the direction of the sound that arrives
first and does not

Research Paper On Audio Steganography
Abstract–Abundant use of electronic communication has paved way for transmitting information securely. Security has its importance and application
in wide area. It is a measure of human negligence, in desire to enclose the latest technological inventions. This measure may have drastic effect on
human conception to the positioning of application, which needs a determined concern in terms of security. Audiosteganography is the science of
hiding some secret text or audio files in a host audio file by using different algorithms to retrieve the original data. The main challenge in audio
steganography is to obtain high payload and efficiency.
There are wide varieties of techniques such as LSB, parity coding, phase coding, spread spectrum etc., are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus steganography is said to be a covert communication. In contrast to Cryptography, where the enemy is allowed to detect, intercept and modify
messages without being able to violate certain security premises guaranteed by a cryptosystem, the goal of Steganography is to hide messages
inside other harmless messages in a way that does not allow any enemy to even detect that there is a presence of second message [1]. Both
steganography and cryptography are meant for secret communication but the approach is different. Hiding of secret message using steganography can
be done in different forms like text steganography, image steganography, audio steganography and video steganography. Encoding secret messages in
audio is the most challenging task while using steganography because human auditory system (HAS) is more perceptive than human visual system
(HVS) [5]. Thus audio file is used as a cover file to hide secret data and it is called audio steganography. In Audio steganography, secret message is
embedded into digitized audio signal which results into altering the binary sequence of corresponding audio file. There are several methods are
available for audio

Analyzing And Testing Low Pass Filters For Anti Aliasing
Digital Audio Technology
Filter Testing and ADC Filter Report
Analysing and Testing Low–Pass Filters for Anti–Aliasing
1INTRODUCTION
1.1AIMS
The aim of this lab is to test the response and characteristics of an undefined filter circuit. This report will present the data collected in the lab sessions,
interpret this data and discuss the filter's suitability for use in an anti–aliasing circuit in an analogue–to–digital converter (ADC).
1.2ANALOGUE–TO–DIGITAL CONVERSION AND ALIASING ADCs are used to convert analogue signals to digital signals so that they can be
processed by digital systems such as a computer. This is particularly relevant to audio recording because signals from recording equipment, such as
microphones and electronic instruments, are in an analogue format, and must be converted to a digital format in order to be processed by a digital audio
workstation (DAW) on a computer. Analogue electrical signals are "continuous", meaning that data can take an infinite number of values between the
maximum and minimum voltages. There are also an infinite number of steps on the time scale and so data at any moment in time can take any value
within the scale. Sound travels through air via changes in air pressure and can be represented by sound pressure level (SPL); this is a continuous
scale and so the pressure can be any value at any given moment in time. When sound is processed by a transducer, such as a microphone, these changes
in SPL are replicated by changing the

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