Electromagnetic wave
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Electromagnetic Wave and Spectrums: Radio Wave, Microwave, Infrared, Visible, Ultraviolet, X-ray, and Gamma
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Electromagnetic wave
- 1. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM G10 PREPARED BY: JOHNEL VILLANUEVA ESPONILLA Science Instructor
- 2. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE Transverse waves without a medium! (They can travel through empty space)
- 3. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE •They travel as vibrations in electrical and magnetic fields.
- 4. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE Have some magnetic and some electrical properties to them.
- 5. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE When an electric field changes, so does the magnetic field. The changing magnetic field causes the electric field to change. When one field vibrates—so does the other.
- 7. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE Electromagnetic waves travel VERY FAST – around 300,000 kilometres per second (the speed of light).
- 8. WAVE or PARTICLE? Electromagnetic radiation has properties of waves but also can be thought of as a stream of particles. Example: Light Electromagnetic radiation has properties of waves but also can be thought of as a stream of particles. Example: Light
- 9. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM name for the range of electromagnetic waves when placed in order of increasing frequency RADIO WAVES MICRO WAVES INFRA RED VISIBLE LIGHT ULTRAVIOLET RAYS X-RAYS GAMMA RAYS
- 14. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM RADIO WAVES ---TV broadcasting AM and FM broadcast radio--- ---Heart rate monitors--- ---Cell phone communication--- ---MRI (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING)---
- 15. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM MICROWAVES Have the shortest wavelengths and the highest frequency of the radio waves.
- 16. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM MICROWAVES ---Microwave ovens--- ---Bluetooth headsets--- ---Broadband Wireless Internet--- ---Radar--- ---GPS---
- 17. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM INFRARED Wavelengths in between microwaves and visible light
- 18. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM INFRARED ---Night vision goggles--- ---Remote controls--- ---Heat-seeking missiles--- ---Thermogram---
- 19. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM VISIBLE LIGHT Only type of EM wave able to be detected by the human eye
- 20. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM VISIBLE LIGHT ---Violet is the highest frequency light ---Red light is the lowest frequency light ---Violet is the highest frequency light ---Red light is the lowest frequency light
- 21. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM ULTRAVIOLET RAYS Shorter wavelength and higher frequency than visible light; Carry more energy than visible light
- 22. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM ULTRAVIOLET RAYS ---Black lights--- ---Security images on money--- ---Harmful to living things--- **Used to sterilize medical equipment **Too much causes sun burn **Extremely high exposure can cause skin cancer
- 24. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM X-RAYS ---Medical imaging--- ---Airport security--- **Moderate dose can damaging to cells
- 26. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM GAMMA RAYS ---Sterilizes medical equipment--- ---Cancer treatment to kill cancer cells--- **Kills nearly all living cells.
- 27. CONCLUSION A. All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed. (300,000,000 meters/second) in a vacuum. B. They all have different wavelengths and different frequencies. Long wavelength-lowest frequency Short wavelength highest frequency The higher the frequency the higher the energy.
- 28. CONCLUSION A. All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed. (300,000,000 meters/second) in a vacuum. B. They all have different wavelengths and different frequencies. Long wavelength-lowest frequency Short wavelength highest frequency The higher the frequency the higher the energy.
Editor's Notes
- An electromagnetic wave can travel through anything - be it air, a solid material or vacuum. It does not need a medium to propagate or travel from one place to another. Mechanical waves (like sound waves or water waves), on the other hand, need a medium to travel. EM waves are 'transverse' waves. This means that they are measured by their amplitude (height) and wavelength (distance between the highest/lowest points of two consecutive waves). The highest point of a wave is known as 'crest', whereas the lowest point is known as 'trough'.
- Definition: Electromagnetic waves or EM waves are waves that are created as a result of vibrations between an electric field and a magnetic field. In other words, EM waves are composed of oscillating magnetic and electric fields.
- Electromagnetic waves are formed when an electric field comes in contact with a magnetic field. They are hence known as ‘electromagnetic’ waves. The electric field and magnetic field of an electromagnetic wave are perpendicular (at right angles) to each other. They are also perpendicular to the direction of the EM wave.
- The electric field and magnetic field of an electromagnetic wave are perpendicular (at right angles) to each other. They are also perpendicular to the direction of the EM wave.
- At this speed they can go around the world 8 times in one second. EM waves travel with a constant velocity of 3.00 x 108 ms-1 in vacuum. They are deflected neither by the electric field, nor by the magnetic field. However, they are capable of showing interference or diffraction.
- Light as a wave: Light behaves as a transverse wave which we can filter using polarized lenses. Light as particles (photons): When directed at a substance light can knock electrons off of a substance (Photoelectric effect)
- Electromagnetic waves can be split into a range of frequencies. This is known as the electromagnetic spectrum. Examples of EM waves are radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, X-rays, gamma rays, etc.
- The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is the range of all types of EM radiation. Radiation is energy that travels and spreads out as it goes – the visible light that comes from a lamp in your house and the radio waves that come from a radio station are two types of electromagnetic radiation. The other types of EM radiation that make up the electromagnetic spectrum are microwaves, infrared light, ultraviolet light, X-rays and gamma-rays. You know more about the electromagnetic spectrum than you may think. The image below shows where you might encounter each portion of the EM spectrum in your day-to-day life.
- Notice the wavelength is long (Radio waves) and gets shorter (Gamma Rays
- Radio: Your radio captures radio waves emitted by radio stations, bringing your favorite tunes. Radio waves are also emitted by stars and gases in space. A radio picks up radio waves through an antenna and converts it to sound waves. Each radio station in an area broadcasts at a different frequency. # on radio dial tells frequency. MRI (MAGNETIC RESONACE IMAGING) Uses Short wave radio waves with a magnet to create an image.
- Microwave: Used in microwave ovens. Waves transfer energy to the water in the food causing them to vibrate which in turn transfers energy in the form of heat to the food. Microwave radiation will cook your popcorn in just a few minutes, but is also used by astronomers to learn about the structure of nearby galaxies. RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging) Used to find the speed of an object by sending out radio waves and measuring the time it takes them to return. Global Positioning Systems (GPS) measure the time it takes a radio wave to travel from several satellites to the receiver, determining the distance to each satellite.
- below red Shorter wavelength and higher frequency than microwaves.
- Infrared: Night vision goggles pick up the infrared light emitted by our skin and objects with heat. In space, infrared light helps us map the dust between stars. You can feel the longest ones as warmth on your skin Warm objects give off more heat energy than cool objects. Thermogram—a picture that shows regions of different temperatures in the body. Temperatures are calculated by the amount of infrared radiation given off. Therefore people give off infrared rays. Heat lamps give off infrared waves.
- Shorter wavelength and higher frequency than infrared rays. Electromagnetic waves we can see.
- Visible: Our eyes detect visible light. Fireflies, light bulbs, and stars all emit visible light. When light enters a new medium it bends (refracts). Each wavelength bends a different amount allowing white light to separate into it’s various colors ROYGBIV.
- Ultraviolet: Ultraviolet radiation is emitted by the Sun and are the reason skin tans and burns. "Hot" objects in space emit UV radiation as well. Used to kill bacteria. (Sterilization of equipment) Too much can cause skin cancer. Use sun block to protect against (UV rays) Causes your skin to produce vitamin D (good for teeth and bones)
- Shorter wavelength and higher frequency than UV-rays Carry a great amount of energy Can penetrate most matter
- X-ray: A dentist uses X-rays to image your teeth, and airport security uses them to see through your bag. Hot gases in the Universe also emit X-rays. Bones and teeth absorb x-rays. (The light part of an x-ray image indicates a place where the x-ray was absorbed) Used by engineers to check for tiny cracks in structures. The rays pass through the cracks and the cracks appear dark on film.
- Shorter wavelength and higher frequency than X-rays Carry the greatest amount of energy and penetrate the most. Gamma ray: Doctors use gamma-ray imaging to see inside your body. The biggest gamma-ray generator of all is the Universe.
- Used in radiation treatment to kill cancer cells. Can be very harmful if not used correctly. Exploding nuclear weapons emit gamma rays. The Incredible Hulk was the victim of gamma radiation