Realism and Psychological Idealism in Howells' "Editha

Realism In International Relations
Realism is not a new concept. Classical Realism has its roots firmly placed in ancient Greece at the time of Thucydides where in the 'History of the
Poloponneasean War' he wrote "The strong do what they have the power to do, the weak accept what they have to accept" (Thucydides 1972: 402).
Thucydides is thought to explain the role of power within politics at this early stage (Donelly, 2000) through to the time of Machiavelli in the 16th
Century. Stanley Hoffman is quoted as saying that the theory is "...probably the most distinguished school of thought in the history of international
relations" (Hoffman, 1988 p.6). Whilst Realism, as a concept, has helped to define International Relations by fostering the notion that 'power' is the
only political gain to be wanted, Robert Gilpin sees it as a "... philosophical disposition and set of assumptions about the world rather than as in any
strict sense a scientific theory" (Gilpin, 1984 p. 290). Realists are unified in believing that Power and survival is fundamentally the most desired thing
between the universal actors: The States. The theory is built on a basis of pessimism and that that politics is a tussle for both power and survival and
labels politics on an international scale as a series of recurrent conflicts among states with very little prospect for change (Jackson and Sorensen, 2007).
Whilst there are similarities which bind the different veins of realism together, this essay will look at those different veins within the
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Knowledge And Shared Knowledge
Knowledge is defined to be facts, information, and skills acquired through experience or education. There are two categories that fall under
knowledge; personal knowledge and shared knowledge. Shared knowledge refers to what "we know because." It can also be defined as communicated
and constructed knowledge; within culture, social norms, and semiotics. Personal knowledge refers to "I know because." An expanded definition of
personal knowledge refers to personal experiences, values, and perceptions. Shared knowledge changes and evolves over time because of methods
that are continuously shared. It is assembled by a group of people. Personal knowledge, on the other hand, depends crucially on the experiences of a
particular individual. It is gained ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He was an Italian physicist, astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, and engineer who played a large role in the scientific revolution (1564–1642).
Galileo was often faced with controversial arguments about his findings. Based on the shared knowledge of the Catholic Church, it tried to compress the
personal knowledge of Galileo. This is where the idea of personal and shared knowledge shaping each other comes into perspective, as Galileo was
continuously faced with the knowledge of the Church. Continuously his personal knowledge was rejected, because shared knowledge had such an
influence among the people. His hypothesis frightened both the Protestant leaders and Catholic Church because it went against their teachings and
authority. If people believed that the church could be wrong about this, they would question the church teachings as well. The Church warned Galileo
of his theories, however silently he continued to research. The Church's greatest fear was that Galileo's personal knowledge would ultimately change
the shared knowledge of the Church. In 1632, he published a book which presented both of the ideas of Copernicus and Ptolemy, and it was clear that
Galileo supported the Copernican theory which stated that the Earth moved around the Sun. Galileo was sentenced to court and found guilty. Under
torture, he admitted his findings were false. Only in 1992, the Catholic Church

Realism Vs Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism, post–modernism, absurdism, surrealism, magical realism: literary movements designed to expand the mind and challenge popular
conceptions of what literature truly means. Socialist realism, on the other hand, was formulated and implemented solely as an attempt to prevent free
thought and limit the mind to the acceptance of one ideology. Aspects of socialistrealism date back as far as 1860, but it did not become the official
state policy of the Soviet Union until 1932, at which point it changed from an expression of solidarity and respect for the socialist movement and into
a tool of artistic oppression. The Encyclopedia Britannica defines socialist realism as the, "Officially sanctioned theory and method of literary
composition ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The official definition of socialist realism is included in the First All–Union Congress statutes. They state, "Socialist realism is the basic method of
Soviet literature and literary criticism. It demands of the artist the truthful, historically concrete representation of reality in its revolutionary
development. Moreover, the truthfulness and historical concreteness of the artistic representation of reality must be linked with the task of ideological
transformation and education of workers in the spirit of socialism."2 This seemingly simple definition is riddled with conundrums, dooming socialist
realism from the start. It demands authors be truthful, yet writing about the harsh realities of life within the Soviet Union was grounds for execution.
"It was impossible to reconcile the teleological requirement with realistic presentation. The world could either be depicted as it was or as it should be
according to theory, but the two are obviously not the same."3 Some authors attempted to straddle the line, writing novels which seemed to support
socialist ideals, but upon a second glance were bitterly satirical; Yuri Olyesha's Envy, published in 1927, was one such novel. The literary
establishment of the time praised the novel, which criticized Nikolai Kavalerov, a character who is presented as a pathetic, blithering, anti–communist.
His benefactor, Andrei Babichev, lives a successful, fulfilling life and supports communism, yet he lacks emotion and vibrance like Kavalerov. Envy
illustrates both a trust in communism's success as well as a warning against it's impersonal methods –– Olyesha's view of the Soviet Union. This trend
toward personal interpretation was explained by Mikhail Sholokov, a true supporter of the genre, "Socialist realism is the art of the truth of life,
comprehended and interpreted by the artist from

'Hysteria And Realism In Dickens Simulacra'
Introduction: The term 'realism' has a long history but the formal trend beginning with mid 19th century Anglo– Francophone writers, depicting
contemporary life and society as it was, or is, authors opted for depiction of everyday life and banal activities and experiences, instead of a
romanticized or similarly stylized repetition. But now the Post–realist aesthetics situated within a Baudrillarean realm of 'Simulacra' has come to
dominate much of contemporary fiction. The reality is so much than the real one. The code doesn't present prior social reality. It creates a new social
reality, created or simulated from models or defined by reference to models– generated from ideas. This cybernetic game ultimately results in loss of
reality: the first phase displays basic reality; the second one in excessive... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The characters are having only two or three defining traits and ultimately remain flat characters. Such type of characteristics is shown in Dickens'
cartoonish characters.
(3) Hysteria and Realism:
These novels also share at the level of characterization a kind of cognitive disorder of postmodern experience and social and psychological disorders of
postmodern or post welfare state – capitalism. Hysteria according to Freud is caused by repression of
Dubey 9
desires but Jung explicates it as rooted in dissociation and splitting from reality. The characters of thenovel always try to look into future and for them
present is unbearable; there is no unity of scenes and to characters consciousness they jump in time. Rebecca Schneider in her book, The Explicit Body
in Performance explains the parity between hysteria and reality in feminist perspective giving argument of Г‰lan

1870 And 1910 Research Paper
Before the Civil War, during the literary movements of Transcendentalism and Romanticism, many Americans looked at the world in an optimistic
point of view. After the Civil War during the Reconstruction Era, many changed their outlook from optimistic to a more realistic outlook on life. The
time period between 1870 and 1910 was when the literary movements, Realism and Naturalism in literature became prominent. Authors like Stephen
Crane and Mary Chesnut wrote novels that followed these movements. These writings helped influence today's writers to write more about current
events and how they affect people. The movements are still relevant today as it can be shown through the arts of authors like; Jerry Spinelli, Nancy
Werlin, and Patricia McCormick.

Psychological Idealism In Editha
William Dean Howells' "Editha" tells the story of a young girl and her plan of manipulating her fiancГ© to go off to war. Howells uses psychological
realism during the readers initial encounter with Editha, her interactions with George, and ultimately how she reacts to his death to express how
romantic idealism can lead to unethical ideals. Editha's romantic views of war leads to a tragic outcome and readers are taught the importance of always
loving someone for they are. Psychological realism is evident almost immediately in the story. "She had already decided that she could not let him
stay..." (Howells 43), Editha begins making decisions in her mind without consultation from those that it affects. As the story continues, readers learn
that due to George's upbringing, he is anti–war. However, Editha believes that war is glorious and that George enlisting would be a symbol of his love
to her, "...if he could do something worthy to have won her– be a hero, her hero..." (Howells 44). The character contest comes into play when readers
discover that George is willing to do whatever it takes to please Editha, and she knows this too. It isn't a matter of who loves who more but, a matter
of which individual is willing to sacrifice their own ethical beliefs to save the relationship. As Editha has many encounters with George, it is most
clear to the reader that George is the realist in the relationship, and Editha is indeed the romanticist. George is always seeing the bigger picture and

The Bar At The Folies Bergere
The Bar at the Folies–Bergere shows a young lady who works at the Folies–Bergere, a Paris cafe. The lady is the sole focus of the work. Manet has
depicted her in a manner that seems both thoughtful and aloof. Her mind seems elsewhere while she is focused on serving drinks and appetizers
to the noisy crowd. The viewer's attention is focused on her locket pendant, which makes us think of a situation and place far away from this,
where she is someone's beloved, not one of many servers in an overcrowded establishment. Manet shows us a very picture of alienation: the
woman is somehow held apart from the friends, lovers, and barflies that occupy the rest of the room. We notice that, like a vampire, she alone is
not reflected in the glass. Manet reveals everyone else through the unusual perspective of a mirror that distorts and distances its subjects. The
customers' faces and bodies seem surreally distorted. Only the workaday objects at the young lady's disposal, such as bottles of liquor, a vase of
flowers, and a bowl of fruit, seem real to the subject. She is leaning solidly on the bar as if she feels a need to do so in order to secure her place in the
world, lest she float away. The young lady's dress seems to stress her alienation from the scene. She is very formally clad in what appears to be a
velvet jacket with various underlying layers of clothing. We would consider this a very fancy, formal dress. We can see from the images reflected in
the mirror that the bar

Ivanovich Shishkin Analysis
I have chosen Realism to write about. Realism art is beautiful in its own way. The artist I picked is named Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin. His artwork is
outstandingly beautiful. He really grasps the real life images and makes it into great artwork. I have not ever really paid attention to art, but his
paintings definitely stand out. The realism movement in French are flourished from around 1840 until the late nineteenth century. It sought to convey a
truthful and objective vision of contemporary life. Realism came about after the Revolution of 1848 which overturned the monarchy of Louis–Philippe
and developed during the second empire under Napoleon III. Society fought for democratic reform. While society fought for democratic reform the
artists fought in their own way. The Realists democratized art by depicting modern subjects drawn from the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sometimes he sat out in the horrible dry heat to get his painting and sometime he was out in the freezing cold. He is also interesting because he
actually went to different places and found someplace he liked and sat there and started. It was just like someone going on a hike or something
and stopping to take a photo. I can really tell that he loves the wilderness because of how he captures it into his art. He really knew how to mix the
colors together to get the skies and waters to look perfect. You can tell he took a lot of time and put a lot of heart into all of his works. The only
thing that I could not get myself to like was his winter paintings. I really did not look at any other winter paintings besides his, but the white just made
everything washed out. They had nothing that really stood out to me. They looked very amateur. Maybe that is why he really did not paint them often.
Most of all his paintings he incorporated trees somehow. Either they were the main focus or they were all over. He excelled in painting

The Theory Of International Relations
When studying International Relations, there are various theories involved, three of these theories being: realism, liberalism, and constructivism. A
theory is fundamentally ideas and complex concepts that have their own way of understanding something. These theories are used in evaluating world
politics, by coming up with a unique way of identifying and explaining the events that occur around the world (Mingst 5). The theories help explain
different perspectives on how the world system functions; as the political scientist, Stephen Walt explains,
"No single approach can capture all the complexity of contemporary world politics. Therefore we are better off with a diverse array of competing ideas
rather than a single theoretical orthodoxy. Competition between theories helps reveal their strengths and weaknesses and spurs subsequent refinements,
while revealing flaws in conventional wisdom" (Mingst 6). Realism focuses on the idea that each state bases its policies off of the interpretation that it's
national interest is defined in terms of power (Mingst 6). Realists believe that because the international system is anarchic, which means that there is no
authoritative hierarchy, it leads to a "self–help system" in the states, where each state has to fend for, and support itself. Since states under the realist
theory must rely on themselves for their own security, they can often be seen as selfish, fearful and power seeking. Realists believe that in this system,
states

Realism Vs Classical Realism
Realism is considered the most leading school of thought in international relations, as realism is also one of the oldest and most entrenched theories of
International Relations (Steans, Pettiford, Diez & El–Anis 2013, p. 53). All realist share a perspective that states are unitary rational actors that are
encouraged by the desire for military power and security rather than principles or ethics. Realists view human nature as self–seeking, conflictual and
competitive and consider that states are inherently violent as realism values order and does not welcome change. There are several forms of realism
such as, structural, neo and classical, however this essay will focus on classical realism, its key theorists, its strength and weakness and how my view
on international politics has changed over the course of this unit.
Classical realism is a theory of international relations that was founded in the post–world war 2 time that pursues to explain international politics as a
result of human nature. Classical realism is also a state level theory that argues that all states seek power, which is driven by desire to achieve national
interests. Classical realists concentrate on two areas of politics; restrictions imposed by human self–interest such as, egoism and anarchy in the absence
of international government (Donnelly 2013, p. 32). Power is the key concept for realists and they argue that to survive, states must increase their
power by internal development such as in the economic

Realism And Mary Gaitskill's Six Motives For Creative Writing
When interpreting art, there are many questions that can be asked. Who made the art? What was their inspiration? Is this true art? The list of
questions go on and on. But, there is really no wrong question. It all depends on your perspective and curiosity. Perspective is something that
everyone has; it shows the way that their brain thinks and it also shows opinions. In my perspective, the most important question is why make art?
Unit 1: Why Make Art was a great thing to start off with. The unit not only gave us knowledge to walk away with, but we learned many of the
reasons of why people do make art. I learned why Realists and Romantics make art, how and why the use of machines is making art, and Mary
Gaitskill's six motives for creative writing.
The Realist and Romantic Era was very different from each other, but at the same time, they attributed similar characteristics and traits. When we were
in class discussing the movie we watched on realism, I noticed that realists were usually black and white. They painted to show what the real world
was like. The artists objective was not to make you lust for what everyday people already have. The realists showed true emotions. They showed what
it was like to be a working man, stay at home mom, Realism showed war and so much more. The point of making art was to show reality and the truth
of human nature. The name itself is self–explanatory; Realism. I am a realistic person, however, I am not strictly black and white biased. The

International Relations And Applying From An Anarchic...
rspective are useful in analyzing international relations and applying them to events that are relevant to its respective theory. The focus of analysis in
realism is the struggle for power among states in an anarchic international system. Realists view states as dominant actors. These states are insecure,
selfish, unitary, and rational in the sense that they make decisions in an organized manner that will produce the greatest utility. The states are always
looking out for their own national interests and are naturally antagonistic against other states. Because realists are only concerned with the survival of
the state in an anarchic international system, the most important goal of the state is to enhance their power to ensure security. The security dilemma,
power politics, anarchy, and the self–help system all characterize the realist perspective. The challenge to realism is liberalism which encompasses a
broad set of liberal theories. Liberalism's focus of analysis is on enhancing global economic and political cooperation. Besides just the state the main
actors also include nongovernmental groups and international organizations. Liberalists believe that human nature is basically good which leads to
their belief that states are not always seeking rational behavior so much as they are seeking compromise and cooperation. International law, collective
security, and economic interdependence characterize the liberal perspective. In Dr. J. Morgenthau's article, A Realist

Comparing Brutus And Cassius: Comparing Humans Essay
To compare humans you are simply comparing ideas. Thoughts, experiences and philosophies that all combine together to create individuals. Two
experiences and two people who see the same scenario with different perspectives. Such is the way with Brutus and Cassius. This pair of Roman
senators shows us the difficulty of having a realist and an idealist work together, yet the pair manages to overcome their different views on the world
to work together and assassinate "the foremost man of all this world." Though, the pair of friends and lovers differences does not simply end at
idealism versus realism. The pair seems to be naturally against each other in terms as ideas, it's a wonder that with such different personalities,
oeadership and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This scene happens to show us how idealism and realism can clash as the two have a disagreement over what course of action to take. The argument,
however doesn't take us deeper as Cassius's realistic point of view is overshadowed by his need to have Brutus on the side of the conspirators.
Though, it does show us the beginning of what can possibly be a very slippery slope of future disagreements.
The opinions of our conspirators on the main stage are highly varied as they both have two completely different ways of leading others. Brutus for one
was a strong and honorable man, forcing himself to stand tall and do whatever the noble thing is no matter what the resulting consequence would be. If
it was something that could have been deemed dishonorable then Brutus wouldn't give it a second thought. Honor was Brutus's selection of tactics, no
matter which way the wind would blow. This is shown in the play when Brutus refuses the oath in act two, scene one. His honorable tactics were what
paved his road when he said that they should head to Philippi to meet Octavius and Antony in act four scene three, rather than wait for them to wear
themselves out. This shows his honorable nature by presenting us with the fact that he would rather meet his opponent half way and defeat them on
equal grounds rather than wait for them to approach and to fight with them when they were at a

Ambrose Bierce's An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge
Ambrose Bierce
Author, Ambrose Bierce, who is considered one of the Great American authors, wrote during the realism period. Particularly, in his work titled An
Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, written in 1890, we can see evidence of the characteristics, themes and style identified with the realism movement
which was extant in American letters between 1850 and 1900. As a representative of such a movement, Ambrose Bierce, then remains on the most
identifiable and iconic writers of his time.
Ambrose Bierce was born on June 24, 1842 in Meigs County, Ohio. He later disappeared in Chihuahua, Mexico while traveling to gain first hand
experience. It is believed that he died there at around the year 1914. He grew up poor, but his parents, who were also writers, inspired him to create a
passion for reading and writing. Later on in his life, Bierce enlisted in the Union Army during the American Civil war. One battle that really inspired
Bierce to write short stories was the Battle of Shiloh; from there, he wrote the memoir "What I Saw of Shiloh". On ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For example, in this story, a "man was engaged to be hanged", so he "closed his eyes to fix his thoughts upon his wife and children". The reality is
he thinking of his family right before death. The man had good intentions and good features; he had a "straight nose, firm mouth, broad forehead,
and combed dark hair; the liberal military code made provision for hanging many kinds of persons, and gentlemen were not included". This proves
that realistically, no matter how kind a person is or seems to be, they are not exempt from trouble. He soon "unclosed his eyes and thought 'if I could
free my hands...I might throw off the noose and spring into the stream". He ponders if he could free himself before being killed. You can imagine the
reality of what the man thinks before being hanged. The main focus is on the man and his

Examples Of Romanticism In Pygmalion
The myth of Pygmalion has been told for centuries and has been transformed into different types of forms but it has always stayed true to the original.
That being the notion of a sculptor falling in love with his sculpture and wanting it to come to life is timeless, as we see in the children's story,
Cinderella, or movies, such as Pretty Woman. Each of these including the play Pygmalion byGeorge Bernard Shaw can be interpreted in many ways
but one of the most common ways is in a romantic way and a realistic way.This is because overall Romantics see this as a play of two lovers while the
realist sees it differently.
First of all, Romantic people are people who usually see life with a "fairy tale eye", by seeing things as a connection between two people only trying to
love. They usually have old–fashioned views on love and the idea of hidden love is true. Just like the one shown in Pygmalion through the characters
of Eliza and Higgins. Then there is the Realist point of view in which people see it as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From a romantic view its very oblivious to what Eliza means here, which is that she is in love with Higgins and wants to get him alone. To be the
only two people on a desert island to be able to see and speak with one another without the difference in social class get in the way. Though on a
realistic viewpoint, Eliza is simply saying that yes she has sexual urges but if we continue to read to the end of the play we see that she knows better
for her own good that she must stop and be with those who care for her. Those who see her as a person and not an object in which they paid for as
Higgins

Analysis Of Bret Harte's The Outcasts Of Poker Flat
" If everything was perfect, you will never learn and you would never grow" (BeyoncГ©). Bret Harte's stories have ordinary people, doing everyday
things on a day–to–day basis. In The Outcasts of Poker Flat helps to see in the Realism Era because of its references to the California Gold rush, and
the story references to the hard life on the road to the west. Harte's stories also feature the old west which was the way of life back then. Bret Harte
also puts his personal experiences in his characters/ stories because back then authors wrote based on themselves. He presents realism in a mass of his
plots in his works. Bret Harte's works display his references to the civil war, rugged individualism, government issue, and throughout many other ideas

Examples Of Realism In A Doll's House
Henrik Ibsen is regarded as the 'inventor of realism'. Realism is a movement in theatre that first began at the end of the nineteenth century. In a
realism play social and domestic problems are explored as they would actually happen in a real life situation. We are presented with a portrayal of
humanity and life as it occurs in real life. It is evidently clear from reading Ibsen's 'A Doll's House' that this play was written in the form of realism.
Ibsen does not shadow any aspect of life in Norway in the nineteenth century in this play. It is clear that during this time power was very important. It
was a patriarchal society which oppressed both males and females as they struggled to confine to the strict regulations of the society of that time. ...
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We see how Torvald was most concerned about what people would think should Nora leave him rather than the actual heartbreak of hismarriage
disintegrating. "From this moment happiness is not the question; all that concerns us is to save the remains, the fragments, the appearanceВ¬". Ibsen
(2008) [Act Three]. Once everybody thought that everything in the Helmer household was perfectly fine and happy that was all that mattered. Some
might argue that this is just Torvald being superficial and that he never really cared for his wife, however as much as I agree with that statement I
think the society in which he lived in also played a major part in his opinion on the matter. Everything in society was based on your appearance; you
needed to present your life in the best light possible if you were to retain your status. As Torvald, possessed a high–status job as the bank manager it is
clear that his reputation was running through his mind when having the conversation with Nora. "How painful and humiliating it would be for Torvald,
with his manly independence, to know that he owed me anything!" [Act One] It is clear that it is the man's duty to care for his wife and not the other
way around as this would be emasculating for the

Examples Of Realism In To Build A Fire
Realism is defined as accepting something or a situation as it is. Realism can be compared in the all three of these stories. One story being fictional
and the others based on factual evidence. Realism shows the truth in each novel and its up to the readers or the main character to accept the
challenge put in front of it. Jack London wrote "To Build A Fire" to show the literary conflict of man versus nature.Sadly, the man never realizes the
reality of his environment and it leads him to his death. When he ran through the freezing cold water his body reacted as so written, "He was losing
in this battle with the frost. It was creeping into his body from all sides." Mentally, he couldnt believe how much of a fool he was acting. He thought
he can overcome the battle of below fifty degrees weather. On the other hand, the dog could handle the hostility of the environment and realized the
man wasnt going to make before the mans death. This story shows realism from two points of view, the dog realizing the mans fate and the man not
accepting that his body couldnt handle the weather. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The realism in this story is to raise awareness to the economy about the atrocious conditions these meatpacking workers have to deal with on a day to
day living bases. She states "It was a nasty job killing these, for when you plunged your knife into them they would burst and splash foul–smelling stuff
into your face; and when a man's sleeves were smeared with blood, and his hands steeped in it, how was he ever to wipe his face, or to clear his eyes
so that he could see?". This explanatory story shows the realism in the meat citizens eat and how ghastly these employees working conditions

The Realist Theory Of International Relations
When "Arab spring" started to influence various countries in Middle East and North Africa with domino effect in 2010, Libya was one of these
countries. There were uprisings in the regions because of the bad economic conditions, lack of the democracy, human rights, and people's demand for
democracy of the cruel dictators. The demands or discomforts were same in Libya, but process of the Muammar al–Gaddafi 's regime's end was
different from others as it was intervened by coalition states and NATO. Libya's intervene was carried out by the 1973 numbered resolution of United
Nations Security Council in March, 2011. The reasons of the intervention were expanding democracy in the region, ending Gaddafi's violence through
civilians and changing the regime. However, unlike other interventions in international area, it was quick and sudden. Therefore it was obvious that
other than providing good life conditions to Libyan people, there were also other purposes of the coalition states through Libya's rich resources.
Realism theory
On the realist theory of International Relations, the basic assumption of this theory is that states in their foreign affairs, must pursue power, and ensure
that they act rationally with the most appropriate step that will be taken to perpetuate the life of the state in a hostile and threatening environment. A
key principle of realist theory is that of survival and it could be argued that in the domestic politics governments create and enforce laws to

Radicals Vs Realists
Individuals play a huge role in international politics and affairs. Even though it is portrayed different by realists, liberals, constructivists, and radicals
they do contain some similarities. Each of these theories reflect ideas that explain how the international system works. Most of these theories are based
on the idea that states always act in accordance with their national interest or the interest of that state. Most often states have the same national interest
whether it is in self–preservation, military security, economic prosperity, etc. These theories explain the important factors to their interest.Realists
believe that the only certainty in this world is power. A state with power will be able to outdo or overcome any other competitors.

Magical Realism In 'The NoseAndDon Ysidro'
Magical realism, is a form of literary genre that takes the reader on a journey somewhere between the mundane of ordinary everyday life, to the
supernatural world of uncertainty where things are accepted without question or reason. A gap exists between two world's– the ordinary and the extra
ordinary which can be examined in two stories of this genre, "The Nose" by Nikolai Gogol, and "Don Ysidro" by Bruce Holland Rogers. While both
have similarities in tone consistent with this genre, such as being serious and realistic, the stories do have differences in the specific tone of the
dialogue the authors use to describe characters and parts of the story. A comparison and contrast of the above two stories will reveal both the
similarities and differences between stories as they relate to the genre of magical realism.
Traditional magical realist stories have many similarities that exist to place them in this particular genre of literature. A tone that is both serious
and realistic exists, and connects these two stories in this genre. Real world settings with real world experiences, where no new worlds are
invented or created, leads the reader to believe what they are reading and adds to a seriousness and realistic view of the story. Normality is
disrupted, just as all seems real, with the injection of a fantastical event as seen in both stories. In "The Nose," a Russian Barber, Ivan Jakovlevitch, of
St. Petersburg wakes to a morning of fresh bread made by his wife, only to

Essay Is Thucydides a Realist
The human condition and its significance to International Relations have been in debate for centuries. Classical Realist thought has focused on the
inherently aggressive and selfish nature of man and assumed that it is these qualities that ensure war and conflict are inevitable aspects of human
society. Alternatively, neo–realism emphasises the system structure of international politics. R.J. McShea discusses the significance of the human
nature tradition throughout the study of international relations. The endeavour to rid the world of the evil of war and the advancement of the
conditions for peace have been developed from the assumption that the interaction of the states, and the way they ought to conduct relations among
themselves, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I will include a discussion on man's desire for glory, divine favour and immortality, and its relevance to modern international relations theory. Finally, I
will conclude that, although the "History" discusses many realist assumptions and politics, Thucydides himself was not a realist. It is my theory that
Thucydides intended his "History" to be the prescription for man to drag himself from the miserable condition of war. The "History" is a model of
idealist ideology encompassing the three components: description, prescription and objective.
I
Thucydides intended his "History" as a source for all time, a general insight into conflicts that answer future questions on all conflict because "events
which happen in the past and which (human nature being what it is) will, at some time or other and in much the same ways, be repeated in the future."
Thucydides opened with the claim that, "as many wish to consider, clearly, both the things that have happened and the things that will happen in the
same or similar way, in accordance with that which is human," will consider his work on the Peloponnesian war as a valuable "possession for all time."
Human nature, according to Thucydides, is the same wherever it is to be found and it explains and justifies human conduct. It is an appeal to human
nature that is invoked throughout many of the debates in the "History," in order to justify Athenian imperialism on the grounds of expediency,
ambition, security and man's

Human Nature And The Relationship Between Nation States
To what extent does human nature help us to explain the relationship between nation states?
This essay will discuss different approaches to human nature and the effect it has on the relationship between nation states. It will outline some
contemporary examples of relationship between nation states, including that of Syria and the affected states, as well as general realist theories to
human nature, such as 'The stag hunt'. As well as this, it will look at alternative more liberal approaches to human nature, and some examples of why
human nature can lead those to be cooperative. This will be illustrated using the refugee crisis.
Human nature as defined by the Collins dictionary, is 'the qualities common to humanity'. It shows how humans are predisposed to act. Different
ideologies have opposing views on human nature; the realist approach would view humans in a very pessimistic way, in that they are uncooperative
and choose 'self–interest over moral principle' (Nardin, Mapel, 1993, p62). Essentially realism shows that 'the principle actors in the international arena
are states, which act in their own national interests, and struggle for power' (Stanford, 2010). In regards to the international system and how nation
states collaborate, when there is no authority, and nations do what benefits them the most, international anarchy occurs. This then could lead to
potential conflict as there is no authority. Anarchy, in the international context is defined as "absence of

Comparing Millet And Homer's Paintings
Both artworks Man with a Hoe 1860–1862, and The cotton pickers 1876 have subjects in the people and occupations of everyday world. Millet and
Homer's most of the works are related with agriculture and life of poor and middle class people. The reason I choose these artworks because they are
related with occupations of everyday life. Also they are related with realism. Bad time comes on everybody, and both artists have been involved in the
controversy about their art works. Jean–FranГ§ois Millet was accused of being a political trouble maker artist. His painting like Man with a Hoe
caused a controversy in the 1860s. The standing man's expressions in the picture were translated as a communist protest. There was some negative
reviews on some of the images in Winslow Homers' paintings were shown ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are some parts in the artworks that are related with each other. For example, there are bright and hue colours in the artworks, and the artists used
primary colours in them. There are no uses of shadows in the cotton picker's artwork. The use of plants in the paintings makes them relates with nature
and free–form style art. Millet man with a hoe was made with a pen and brushes. The texture of these pieces is rough because the artists used hue
colours. The use of colours in the artworks affects the quality of the art because if Homer only used the dark black colour in the cotton pickers, then
viewer cannot recognize the cotton plant in the painting. Both are medium style paintings made with oil on canvas. The culture is different in the
paintings. The cotton picker is related with American culture and the man with a hoe is related with French culture. The main reason they are
connected with each other because it shows the hard working images of peoples inside them. It does not matter what culture they are belong to. They
are made in late 1800s during war time, and that is the reason they got involved in

Themes of Regionalism in Cather's A Wagner Matinee Essay
In 1904, a female author, by the name of Willa Cather, published a short story, A Wagner Matinee. Highly educated and informed, Cather demonstrated
realism techniques and language throughout the short story. Most of her writing, published at the end of the realist era, was not well accepted. A
Wagner Matinee strongly contradicts literary techniques and devices of Romanticism while emphasizing regionalism, a form of realism. In comparing
and contrasting literary techniques and style of the Romantic and realism eras, A Wagner Matinee, by Willa Cather, would use less emphasize on
specific geographical settings, the idea of achieving the American dream through hard work and difficulty, and exploit the main characters into larger
than life ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The aunt is clearly worried about chores left behind in Nebraska. However, if this story exemplified traits of Romanticism, she would not have
worried at all about leaving instructions for the calf and would have simply believed that everything would work itself out back at home. Aunt
Georgiana would have been a carefree, go with the flow character, rather than a diligent, determined character in A Wagner Matinee. The main
character, Aunt Georgiana, in A Wagner Matinee, is a woman living and struggling in a very ordinary lower class life. She follows common routine
each day of her life and not much change or excitement influences her. When at the concert hall, Clark states, "She sat looking about her eyes as
impersonal, almost stony, as those with which the granite Ramses in a museum watches the froth and fret that ebbs and flows about his pedestal"
(Cather, 517). In a place passionately loved by Aunt Georgiana, she showed no excitement about her pastime. If set in the Romantic era, she would
have shown a plethora of different emotions in the concert hall. The aunt would have been overjoyed and passionate about going to the Wagner
Matinee, but instead, she shows no emotion attachment and enjoyment.
A Wagner Matinee, by Willa Cather, would use less emphasize on specific geographical settings, the idea of achieving the

Examples Of Realism In Family Matters
Realism in Rohinton Mistry Family Matters
Rupam Kumari
Research Scholar
University Department of English B.R.A. Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar
Abstract
The article examines the significance of realism in the work of Rohinton Mistry, especially in Family Matters (2002). Born in Bombay and emigrating
to Canada in 1975, Mistry is a Canadian novelist who writes generally about the India and of his youth. Through realism, Mistry represents the life with
fidelity. He is a realist in true sense, who has wonderfully articulated realism maintaining situation and language.
Keywords: Realism, mimesis, postcolonial, Homi Bhabha
___________________________________________________________________________
In Family Matters, Mistry is aware ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mistry pits the notion of memory against that of history:
Permeating everything, occupying the room as solidly as the furniture, a timeless smell (280).
For Yezad, the same time lessons is present in religion, "which he becomes completely engrossed in at the end of the story" (342). Trauma inhabits
Nariman's sense of time the portraits of his forefather's reprimand him for fondling with a non–parsi girl and demoniacally make the past present in
present.
As they marched down the passageway, Nariman opened his eyes. From his supine position he saw the glum portraits of his fore fathers on the walls.
Strange, how their eyes looked at him as though they were the living and he the dead (89).
Family Matters also challenges the linearity of causality which is intimately linked with reason and individualism. Rational causality is replaced by the
irrationality of coincidence or destiny. Yezad, who is in the beginning of the novel was the incarnation of sovereign undertaking, completely loses the
will to shape his own destiny and become a religious fanatic. In the end, he thinks that "Man proposes, God disposes"

How Does Realism And Idealism Affect Our International...
Amidst Political Idealism, Realism
The theories of realism and idealism are as old as politics, itself. There has always been one group looking as things as they are, asking finite questions
like how much will it cost, examining actions over intentions and another group aiming for how things should be while asking is this morally right,
just or conscionable?. How does realism and idealism affect our international political landscape? Although theory suggests that politicians operate
from one camp or another, is it impossible to navigate life supporting every initiative of one camp or another? One may in fact possess an idealistic
viewpoint or attitude overall but, cast a vote for a more realistic solution of a particular situation.
Evidence suggests that descriptors of realism and idealism are blurred lines, although it is in direct conflict with the teachings of political science,
which have not changed much since inception. "...one cannot understand Hitler 's Germany and Stalin 's Soviet Union, the two most destructive states
of the twentieth century... Both regimes were driven by the desire to remake first their societies and then the world. Neither took the state as the unit
whose interests were to be served; no narrow self–interest or considerations of national security or even national gain could have led to such domestic
slaughter and dangerous expansions." Jervis, R. (1998). There are many examples of overlapping realism and idealism. A group of realists and

The Mind Body Issue Is The Subject Of Extraordinary Debate
Rationalists and researchers have talked about the mind–body issue for a long time. The essence of the mind–body issue is that people have a
subjective affair of an internal life or awareness that appears to be expelled from the physical world. In spite of a subjective affair of a partition
amongst psyche and body, brain and body need to interface somehow. Precisely how the psyche and body associate is the subject of extraordinary
debate. Toward the start of this course, I realized that my perspectives on themind–body issue inclined more toward monism, however I didn 't have a
reasonable method of reasoning for my position. Given the many–sided quality of the mind–body issue, I expected that both dualism and monism would
have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the previous couple of decades, the field of brain research has propelled more neurochemical etiologies of mental issue, and Descartes ' dualism
couldn 't clarify how a neurochemical variation from the norm harms the non–physical personality (Churchland, 1988). At long last, dualism is not a
testable speculation (Cofer, 2002), and in this manner I can 't acknowledge it as logical.
The monist position, particularly monist realism, evades a large number of the previously mentioned imperfections of dualism. Monist realism keeps
up that every single subjective state, for example, cognizance, can be lessened to neuronal movement. Individuals with religious feelings may observe
monist realism to be shocking, on the grounds that diminishing awareness to a neural mark ruins the idea of through and through freedom. In any
case, late research demonstrates that cerebrum action and muscle development go before cognizant basic leadership, which plainly bolsters monist
realism (Libet, Gleason, Wright, and Pearl, 1983). Since I am not a religious individual, I do disagree with monist realism 's position on choice. As far
as awareness, I didn 't surmise that any of the relegated savants made an extraordinary showing with regards to clarifying why cognizance could by no
means be the result of neurons and neurotransmitters. I believed that John Searle verbalized the monist realist position soundly, in that awareness is
spatially confined to the cerebrum. Indeed, David

Romanticism And Realism
Accessing the "real" has been a central question of all art and philosophical movements since Aristotle and Plato. Two influential movements in
art–Romanticism and Realism–offered different interpretations of the "real." In a reaction against the Enlightenment thinkers, Romantic artists viewed
the "real" as an individual's emotional reaction to an experience. Realist artists strived to portray a literal reality in response to what they saw as a
skewing of reality in Romanticism. For them, the "real" consisted only of what the artist could see and was largely absent of symbolism and
metaphorical meaning. Some of the most influential artwork, however, comes in the transitional time periods between different movements because it
provides insight into the ebb and flow of these distinct artistic styles. This is especially clear in The Raft of the Medusa, painted at the beginning of the
Realism period, and The Painter's Studio, painted at its end. The paintings' favoring of a "third way" definition of reality remains important because it
heavily influences our current definition of "the real."
Theodore GГ©ricault's most famous work, The Raft of the Medusa, foreshadowed a move toward Realism away from the purely Romantic style.
Several aspects of the painting are consistent with Romanticism. The figures in the painting are idealized, reminiscent of Classical Greek portrayals of
man. No one appears to be suffering from starvation, disease, or cannibalism; everyone looks healthy and

Realism In Art And Art In The 19th Century
Realism began in France in the 1840's. It was the first unconventional, anti–institutional art movement. It challenged Neoclassicism and Romanticism
by diverting every ones attention to more social issues which were brought by the disturbed and raging 19th century. In simpler words, Realism was,
opposed to the Romanticism ways of merely representing nature, an approach to art to position oneself in the "real", whether it was scientifically,
morally, constitutionally, or even theoretically. When it comes to theoretical beliefs,Realism incorporated the progressive aims of modernism. This was
done through pursuing new certainties, by reconsidering and capsizing customary systems of philosophies and morals.
The realistic works developed with the introduction of photography. Through it, an invention of representations was created and they looked accurately
factual. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Romantic emotionalism as well as classical naivety was banned entirely. From this era onwards, artists felt the freedom to portray real life situations
without aesthetics. Realism influenced impressionism and many other contemporary art styles as it imitated a liberal modification in the prominence
and purpose of art overall. To this day, the characteristic style still manages to impact visual arts and thus can be viewed as revolutionary. In the words
Stokstad, Realism, "reflected the positivist belief that art should show unvarnished truth, and realists took up subjects that were generally regarded as
not important enough for a serious work of art" . It depicted how the realm esteemed working men only for the labor they achieved, rather than their
social eccentricity. In short, Realism was a trigger to portray the hardships of pastoral

Essay about Refuting Objections to Direct Realism
Refuting Objections to Direct Realism
Introduction
Realism is the form of perception in which it is believed that there is an external world outside of our own minds. It is the belief that regardless of
what we may belief is true of false, the external world is independent of these beliefs. There are two forms of realism which are direct and indirect. In
this essay I will argue that direct realism is a more plausible theory of perception than indirect realism by refuting the main arguments against direct
realism. I will begin by briefly describing direct and indirect realism and follow with countering two of the main arguments indirect realists use against
direct realists.
Direct Realism vs. Indirect Realism
Direct Realism is the belief ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
P3: It is not possible to perceive all of an object at once, only a section of its exterior surface.
C: We do not directly perceive material objects and therefore direct realism is false.
The issue with this argument lies within the second premise which claims that in order to perceive an object, all parts must be observed at once.
This claim is invalid as perceiving an object does not require all parts to be observed as once just as reading a book does not require all pages to be
read at once or visiting friends does not require all friends to be visited at once. In the direct perception of an object we do not see the whole
object, however only a section. It is correct that we may not recognise or identify the object we are perceiving, however it is not true that in doing
this we are not in fact directly perceiving the section of the object exposed for observation. There is no reason to assume that direct perception does
not occur unless every angle and layer of the object in question is observed and therefore the partial character of perception argument is invalid.
The Argument from Hallucination
A second argument against direct realism, which is most commonly used, is the argument from hallucination, as follows ;
P1: Tom sees a green tree
P2: Tom is hallucinating–there is no green tree
P3: The tree that Tom sees is not an external material object
P4: The hallucination is extremely detailed and exactly resembles, is identical to, a true

Writing and Technology: The Effects of Experimental...
I claim my theoretical framework for this study under two broad assumptions. First: Critical realism, and especially its ontology, offers much to the
analysis of education research. Second: Much current education research commits to one of two mistaken ontological positions: the empirical realist
ontology in which positivist analysis lives and breathes (Davidsen, 2005; O'Boyle & McDonough, 2011); and the social constructionist ontology in
which post–modernist or post–structuralist analysis lives and breathes (Arnd–Caddigan & Pozzuto, 2006; Fleetwood, 2005).
Despite the contributions that post–modernism and post–structuralism offer, it seems to me that in the abandonment of positivism, post–modernists and
post–structuralists ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In contrast to post–modern approaches, critical realism maintains the assumption that an objective reality exists independent from the individual. I
agree. However, the relationship between reality and our knowledge about it remains asymmetrical. In other words, the fact that concepts necessarily
mediate empirical observations does not mean that they exist solely as products of these concepts. Instead, these observations depend (at least
partially) on the structural properties of the real objects observed (Sayer, 2000, p.41). As a critical realist, I aim to develop causal explanations for
general mechanisms. However, in contrast to positivist approaches, I resist implying causality from their universal co–occurrence.
How Critical Realism Applies to My Study I investigate an exceptionally complicated phenomenon – namely, writing performance. The act of writing
depends both on an infinite cascade of neuro–physiological causes and effects set in motion years before the writer first strikes a key or lifts a pencil
and on the subtle milieu in which the writer finds herself at the moment of

Realism And Realist Approaches To International Relations
On the other hand, they also share similar qualities and characteristics. Both theories realize how our world is more than capable of being a
dangerous place and we should not assume we are safe at all times. Military power is recognized as being important and pragmatic, and it is
understood this power can easily be abused, as much as it can be functional. Another common realization between idealist and realist approaches is
because there is no absolute government having power over all countries, countries can essentially do whatever they want to each other, which includes
inflicting terror, because there really isn't anything stopping them.
While it is true the two approaches to international relations share some common beliefs, these beliefs are greatly outweighed by their differences.
Their fundamental beliefs about how the world should function are in opposition, and they place varying levels of importance on power. Yes, military
power is seen as crucial for both – but realists see the military as being the sole, relevant type of power, while idealists see the opposite. They do not
think military power is the most important type, and it even takes a backseat to moral and economic powers. Another major difference is their view on
total world government. On one hand, idealism seeks to create a united world government, which would help create peace around the globe. On the
other hand, realism believes this would not be successful as it is impossible to coerce all countries to cooperate and participate in this. Realists realize
countries will be primarily looking out for themselves, and unless it greatly benefitted them, would probably not do something just to help out other
countries.
The term "anarchy" is often associated with realism along with the concept of no international government. When people hear the term, anarchy, a very
negative and violent image most likely comes to mind, but that is not what the realist approach represents. Realists argue the absence of a common
government simply pushes countries to be independent and to help themselves, it does not fuel conflict or terror. Another difference between the two is
who they think the states are concerned about, and what they want. Idealists

Does Winnie The Poooh By A. Milne Have Realistic Values?
"To what extent does Winnie the Pooh by A.A. Milne have realistic values?"
Kenji Palavino
Cypress Creek High School
2014
Word Count: 3719
Number of Pages: 15
Abstract
A.A. Milne's Winnie the Pooh appears to be a simple children's novel. However, Winnie the Pooh is a complex and poetic work that conveys the
themes of a child's life, Taoism, and the harsh reality. Whether it be consciously or unconsciously, Milne's skill at using both child
–like and silly
literature as well as inserting themes such as psychological disorders and Taoism engages the reader to decide whether Milne is putting realistic values
into child–like literature or cloaking the child–like literature with reality. This essay focuses on how the reality and the fantasy... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
These values may or may not hurt the children depending on how much the child can understand or analyze the novel. This novel is not a simple child's
novel due to the fact it holds a lot of Milne's thoughts as well as that in order to write a novel, one must derive their writings from their thoughts or
surroundings. As a result, this supports that Winnie the Pooh has realistic values. Although Winnie the Pooh may not have extreme realistic values,
Winnie the Pooh still may not meet the criteria of children's novel. A children's literature is usually define as written works or illustrations in order to
entertain or instruct young people. However, due to the fact that Winnie the Pooh does not explicitly or implicitly define its audience, it is not known
whether or not Winnie the Pooh is regarded as a children's novel. The fact that adults may read this book and as it is said previously, they may take it
to the extremities of the real worlds, portrays that Winnie the Pooh may not be regarded as a children's

office apace Essay
The Life of Peter: Idealism vs. Realism
When asking a child what they want to be when the grow up, they will most likely tell you a doctor, teacher or some other public service occupation.
They have the ideal that a career helping people is the best job a person could have. When those same kids get into high school their ideals become
even greater (this really only applies to middle–upper class). They want to be artist, musicians, actors, or free lance writers who travel the world for
the next big story. In college the ideals of the student are usually pushed to the back burner so that there is room for reality. Peter's character in the
movie Office Space is an example of the ultimate idealist. Throughout the movie we are shown his ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The job was not too hard for him and paid decent money (but as an idealist it was not money Peter was after). For a realist money is usually the driving
force in a person choosing a career. Finding the "American Dream" is no easy task when it comes to one's profession. How many people do you
know who are truly working at a job they love? After being hypnotized –occupational therapist– Peter has a revelation that he does still have the ability
to change the control his job has on him. Instead of finding a new job that might have some meaning or interest to him, he decides to turn his
cubicle job into his ideal job by showing up when he feels like it and wearing whatever he wants. Understand that to Peter the ideal job is none at all.
Although the idea seems great Peter does still have a small ounce of reality that doesn't allow him to quit his job so instead he goes to work on his
own schedule and with his own agenda.
Peter has a rotten girlfriend in the movie. She could be the mascot for the realist as Peter is the idealist. The girlfriend doesn't understand the internal
conflict's Peter is going through so she makes him go to a therapist. Instead of supporting – or even try to understand Peter– when he doesn't show up to
work one Saturday she yells at him. Everyone in Peter's life seems to know about his girlfriend's cheating as well. Peter though as the true idealist
thinks that everything will work out and they will be together forever. The

Is Realism an Obsolete Theory, or Is It More Relevant Than...
Realism, as a way of interpreting international relations has often been conceived to be closely tied to the Cold War. Realism, rooted in the
experience of World War II and the Cold War, is said to be undergoing a crisis of confidence largely because the lessons adduced do not convincingly
apply directly to the new realities of international relations in the twenty–first century (Clinton 2007:1) Worse still, if policymakers steadfastly adhere
to realist precepts, they will have to navigate "the unchartered seas of the post–Cold War disorder with a Cold War cartography, and blind devotion to
realism could compromise their ability to prescribe paths to a more orderly and just system." (Kegley 1993:141). This paper will demonstrate that ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And with this, comes the realist concept of national interest. Realist ideology, statism, specifically, suggests that survival and sovereignty of the state is
its primary goals, and the very condition of its existence. With this said, states do have the ability to take care of other actors' interests and needs in the
international community out of something that could be called a 'moral responsibility', but only if it somehow serves its own national interests in the
process. Morgenthau (1949) explains that state actors who pursue certain national interests and act aggressively resort to liberal sentiment, as a
convenient means of justifying their behaviour in the eyes of both the international community, and their own people. This is not to say however, that
some states are sincere in certain good–hearted pursuits. But it is indeed true that moral principles prove to be serviceable to national interest
(Morgenthau 1949:207). Machiavelli goes so far as to claim that morality is the product of power (Carr 2001:63). Take for example the nineteenth
century, in which the British Empire was the global hegemon at the time. As a reason to explain imperialism and its colonial aspirations, they
advertised the theory of the 'White Man's Burden' as a moral and social norm, in which

Essay on A Comparison of Neuromancer and We So Seldom Look...
Considering that there are many different levels of realism, I have chosen to focus on Neuromancer by William Gibson and We so Seldom Look on
Love by Barbara Gowdy. The stories explore the boundaries of realism by using similar elements. The most obvious one is the margin between life
and death, which these two stories address. The main characters separate themselves from society's idealistic realism. Nevertheless, where is their
identity placed when living in a different realism? How does one understand the reality of a person with a fragmented mind?
"`Linda, who told you? Who told you I would come? Who?'" (Gibson, 242)
In the passage above, case enters another reality in which he is able to interact wit the dead. A duality forms... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The quotation above proves this, as she explains the process of her actions. The girl is able to clarify on the cadaver's actions to make it seem like it
acts with her. Her pushing on the male's chest while in a sexual act does this.
The characters in these two texts dislodge themselves from society's perspective of realism. In Gibson's Neuromancer, Case is involved in a world
where he is able to interact with the dead. The following excerpt is an example of Case entering into another world but of a contrasting realism.
"There were four sockets beneath the screen, but only one would accept the Hitachi adaptor.
He jacked in.
Nothing. Gray void.
No matrix. No grid. No cyberspace.
The deck was gone. His fingers were ...
And on the far rim of consciousness, a scurrying, a fleeting impression of something rushing toward him, across leagues of black mirror. ...
There seemed to be a city, beyond the curve of the beach, but it was far away." (Gibson, 233)

This is a reality for him since he is able to input himself into an intricate system where are the different worlds of realism are colliding and anything
is possible. When he inputs himself, he leaves behind the world that contains the "real" information, and enters into a world where there are indefinite
layers of the real. In Gowdy's We So Seldom Look on Love, the

The Role Of Realism In The Movie 'The Pledge'
The Pledge directed by Sean Penn infused the audience with every image and a combination of dread and sorrow. Since the nineteenth century, realism
characterizes humans and the world the way it is. Realism inquires only by specifying the way it actually is. It is to select a repeating mode, in
different huge amounts of time/times in history of representing human life and experience in books, showed a good example by the writers history. In
the movie, The Pledge, Penn, interprets realism in its plot. Realism associates with the movie because of the conflict in the movie, the protagonist, and
other characters. The Pledge, the leading role is Jerry Black, who made a vow to the mother of the murdered child, to catch the killer. The protagonist

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