case study on water supply system and its impact on public health

1. WATER
SUPPLY AND
HEALTH IN
JACOBABAD
CITY
GROUP MEMBERS
Name: Syed Daniyal Alvi
Roll no.: 2017-2018 EN-19
Name: Abu Umeer
Roll no.: 2018-2019 EN-22
Name: Bilawal Ahmed
Roll no.: 2017-2018 EN-16
Course instructor:
Engr. Ather Hussain Mover Course: EN-527

2. Contents of Presentation
• INTRODUCTION OF CITY JACOBABAD
• EXISTING WATER SUPPLY CONDITION
• CITIZEN BEHAVIOR TOWARDS WATER SUPPLY
• FACTS & FIGURES RELATED TO WATER SUPPLY AND
HEALTH
• CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS IN LIGHT OF
EXISTING CONDITION
• ONGOING PROJECT OF WATER SUPPLY
• EXPECTATION AND WAY FORWARD
• REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCING
JACOBABAD
• It is located 76 km from Sukkur & 36 km from Shikarpur, IT is connected
with all head quarters by roads & railway track.
• The implementation responsibility moved between public health
engineering department (PHED), the Town Municipal Administration
(TMA), the Local Government Department, and the District Government,
and sometimes the changes were carried out after interventions at the
highest level.
Jacobabad is the
capital city of
Jacobabad district.
The city is subdivided
into 8 u.c’s.
The city of Jacobabad,
located at 28°16′
37.32″ N, 68° 27′
05.04″ E.
The city of Jacobabad
has a population of
191,076 as per 2017
census report.
This city comprises of
a total area of 10.25
sq. km.

4. EXISTING WATER SUPPLY CONDITION
• INFRASTRUCTURE & QUANTITY
• WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM IN CITY WAS ESTABLISHED IN EARLY 1960 BY (P.H.E.D).
• LAST WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENNT PROJECT WAS COMPLETED IN 2008
TWO
EXISTING
LAGOONS 110
MGD
CURRENT
WATER
SUPPLY IS
3 MGD
DEMAND
OF WATER
IS 8.25
MGD
ONLY 60% TO 70% AREA IS
COVERED WITH WATER
SUPPLY NETWORK. WATER
IS SUPPLIED ONLY 2-3 HRS
AFTER A GAP OF 2 TO 3 DAYS
THIS LIMITED SUPPLY IS
AVAILABLE FOR ONLY 33%
AREA IN SUMMER AND 50 %
AREA IN WINTER.
LINE LEAKAGES & DAMAGED
PIPELINES POSE EXTRA
BURDUN TO THE CURRENT
WATER SUPPLY.
SEWAGE MIXING WAS ALSO
OBSERVED.

5. EXISTING WATER SUPPLY CONDITION
WATER QALITY TESTING SHOWS THAT THE
TURBIDITY AND COLIFROM LEVEL WERE HIGHER
TURBIDITY  12NTU TO 510 NTU
COLIFORM LEVEL  120 CFU/100ml TO 240 CFU/100ml
THE TEST INDICATE THAT DRINING WATER IS HIGHLY
CONTAAMINATED BY THE INFILTERATION OF
WASTEWATER IN THE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM,
QUALITY SUPPLY

6. TEST
KIRTHAR
CANAL
INTAEKE
WTP
AFTER
WTP
TUBE
WELL
HLPS ZONE1A ZONE1B ZONE2 ZONE3 WHO GOP
pH 7.78 7.82 7.94 7.7 7.96 7.96 7.45 7.88 8.2 6.8-8.5 6.8-8.5
BOD - - 9.6 28.4 - 16.4 104.5 74.4 - - -
COD - - 37.3 115 - 66 411 293 - - -
TSS 64 16 4 2 12 4 45 4 2 - -
TDS 165 158 932 2676 140 1078 5564 448 157 <500mg/l <500mg/l
TUBIDITY 510 - 1 - 12 - 33 6 1 <5NTU <5NTU
Cr - - - - - - - - - <0.05mg/l <0.05mg/l
Cu - - - - - - - - - <2mg/l <2mg/l
As - - - - - - - - - <0.01mg/l <0.05mg/l
TOTAL
BACTERIA
3880 7440 11480 12640 880 5920 16000 3760 280 - -
TOTAL
COLIFORM
- 240 120 2600 - - 160 - - 0cfu/100ml 0cfu/100ml
E-COLI - - - - - - - - - 0cfu/100ml 0cfu/100ml
WATER QUALITY TEST REPORT
SOURCE PROJECT INCEPTION REPORT 2014 TCI-AAA

7. CITIZEN BEHAVIOR TOWARD WATER
SUPPLY AND OTHER WATER SOURCES
• UN-HABITAT, IN PARTNERSHIP WITH UNICEF,
INITIATED A USAID FUNDED WASH INTERVENTION
IN JACOBABAD CALLED THE “COMMUNITY
MOBILIZATION FOR IMPROVED WASH SERVICES
AND HYGIENE BEHAVIORS IN DISTRICT
JACOBABAD”
NGOs WORKING FOR THE HEALTH AND HYGIENE.
LIKE Community
Development
Network
Organization
(CDNO),
HANDS,
UKAID, USAID, UNICEF,
UN-HABITAT
etc.

8. Description Conclusion
Socio- Economic
status of
communities
 Most of the population belongs to lower income group with less than
2$ per capita income.
 The average household size is 9.4
 Source of income varies from government job to business to petty
trade etc. î Communities suffer from various disease like
Cough/fever, Diarrhea, Malaria, Hepatitis etc.
 On average people spend 2,500 to 3,000 for health purpose
Water for Drinking
purpose
 82% of people uses donkey cart water for drinking purpose
 e 52% of people are dissatisfied with water from donkey cart
purpose
 Communities pays 1000 rupees on average per month for drinking
water services.
 Three-fourth of the respondents cannot afford, but paying out of
necessity.
 72% of respondents would prefer piped water as a primary source
for drinking water provided that price is less and quality is good
 Average amount that people are willing to pay for safe, reliable piped
drinking water connection is rupees 500.
SOURCE Willingness to Pay for WASH UNICEF, USAID, UN-HABITAT

9. Water for
Domestic
purpose
 81% of people have different source of water for
domestic purpose than the drinking water.
 86% uses borehole with hand pump for domestic
purpose.
 10% uses piped water connection for domestic
purpose
 65% of people are dissatisfied with water from
borehole, whereas 91% are dissatisfied with existing
piped water
 Communities pays 250 rupees on average per month
for domestic purposes
 90% of the respondents mentioned that water for
domestic use is affordable.
 75% of respondents would prefer piped water as a
primary source for domestic use provided that quality
is good and access is easier
 Average amount that people are willing to pay for
reliable piped water connection is rupees 500.
SOURCE Willingness to Pay for WASH UNICEF, USAID, UN-HABITAT

10. FACTS & FIGURES RELATED TO WATER
SUPPLY & HEALTH
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Hepatitis Cholera Dirrehoea Skin Infection Abdomnal
pain
Diabetes High BP
3%
1%
4%
2.5%
26%
34%
32.5%
34%
1% 1%
1% 2%
33% 33%
2.50%
36%
35%
31%
17%
0% 0%
COMMON DISEASES
Female
Male
Children
SOURCE EIA REPORT NESPAK

11. 32%
10%43%
15%
SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER
HAND PUMP
BORE WATER
WATER SUPPLY
SCHEME
VENDORS
SOURCE EIA REPORT NESPAK

12. 2%
98%
SATISFACTION LEVEL FOR DRINKING WATER
SATISFIED
NOT SATISFIED
SOURCE EIA REPORT NESPAK

13. 26%
46%
18%
10%
TIME REQUIRED FOR FETCHING WATER
HALF AN HOUR
1 HOUR
MORE THAN 1 HOUR
NO RESPONSE
SOURCE EIA REPORT NESPAK

14. 7%
13%
5%
6%
19%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
upto 10,000 10,000 - 20,000 20,000 - 30,000 30,000 & above No Response
Average Monthly Income
SOURCE EIA REPORT NESPAK

15. 26%
18%
56%
Housing Pattern
Katcha
Pakka
Semi-Pakka
SOURCE EIA REPORT NESPAK

16. GROUND WATER QUALITY RESULTS (APRIL, 2014)
S. No. Parameter
Locations
SEQs for Drinking
Water
Hand Pump
Bore, Rind
Bank
Hand Pump
Bore, Khirther
canal Bank
Amanullah
Soomro
Bore Water,
Palace Hotel
Apr, 14 2010
1 Color colourless colourless colourless colourless ≤15 TCU
2 Taste
Unobjectionabl
e
Unobjectionabl
e
Unobjectiona
ble
Unobjectiona
ble/sour taste
Unobjectionable/accep
table
3 Odour odourless odourless odourless odourless
Unobjectionable/accep
table
4 pH 7.45 7.87 8.2 7.45 6.5-8.5
5 Turbidity (NTU) 0.3 BDL 4.2 0.2 <5
6
Total Hardness as
CaCO3 (mg/l)
300 150 399 3250 <500
7 TDS (mg/l) 571 199 507 4333.5 < 1000
8 Aluminium (mg/l) 0.035 0.029 0.094 0.09 ≤0.2
9 Antimony (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ≤0.005
10 Arsenic (mg/l) ND ND 0.015 0.006 ≤0.05
11 Barium (mg/l) 0.0191 0.187 0.221 0.164 0.7
12 Cadmium (mg/l) ND 0.001 0.002 ND 0.01
13 Chloride (mg/l) 74 20.4 70 2470 <250
14 Chromium (mg/l) ND ND 0.036 0.027 ≤0.05

17. S. No. Parameter
Locations
SEQs for Drinking
Water
Hand Pump
Bore, Rind
Bank
Hand Pump
Bore, Khirther
canal Bank
Amanullah
Soomro
Bore Water,
Palace Hotel
Apr, 14 2010
15 Copper (mg/l) 0.047 0.02 0.235 0.207 2
16 Cyanide (mg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL ≤0.05
17 Flouride (mg/l) 0.44 0.52 0.44 1.94 ≤1.5
18 Lead (mg/l) ND ND 0.004 0.002 ≤0.05
19 Manganese (mg/l) 0.17 0.025 0.361 0.28 ≤0.5
20 Mercury (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ≤0.001
21 Nickel (mg/l) 0.009 0.003 0.017 0.007 ≤0.02
22 Nitrate (mg/l) 1.34 0.49 0.25 13.9 ≤50
23 Nitrite (mg/l) 240 >240 >240 240 ≤3
24 Selenium (mg/l) 0.002 ND 0.003 ND 0.01
25
Residual Chlorine
(mg/l)
<0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02
0.2-0.5 at consumer
end, 0.5-1.5 at source
26 Zinc (mg/l) 0.0046 0.012 0.126 0.097 5
27
Phenolic
Compound as
phenol (mg/l)
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 -
28
E.coli
(MPN/100ml)
BDL 0.02 BDL 0.024
Must not be detectable
in any 100ml sample
29
Fecal coliform
(MPN/100 ml)
BDL 0.05 BDL 0.04 Must not be detectable
30
Total coliform
(MPN/100 ml)
38 240 96 38
Must not be detectable
in any 100ml sample

18. S.
No.
Parameter
Locations
SEQs for Drinking Water
Lagoon-1
Lagoon
-2
Kirther
canal
Water
Treatment Plant
(exit)
Water Treatment
Plant (entry)
Apr, 14 Aug, 14 Aug, 14 Aug, 14 Apr, 14 Aug, 14 Apr, 14 Aug, 14 2010
1 Color - - - - - - - - ≤15 TCU
2 pH 8.1 8.58 8.6 8.6 8.1 8.25 8.5 8.47 6.5-8.5
3 BOD5 (mg/l) 4.9 5.5 7 18 - 2 3.7 4 -
4 COD (mg/l) 17 18 12 40 - 7 13 14 -
5 TDS (mg/l) 164 125 135 130 178 144 172 136 < 1000
6 TSS (mg/l) 7 5 4 293 4 5 5 -
7 Oil & grease (mg/l) 18 ND ND 16 - ND 12 ND -
8
Phenolic
Compound (mg/l)
0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.1 <0.1 0.1 <0.1 -
9 Chloride (mg/l) 24 23.5 25.4 28 26.2 16 21 18 <250
10 Flouride (mg/l) 1.1 1.2 1.4 0.66 0.37 0.42 1.62 1.4 ≤1.5
11 Cyanide (mg/l) 0.3 ND ND ND BDL ND 0.12 ND ≤0.05
12
Anionic Detegent
(mg/l)
0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 - <0.1 <0.1 0.1 -
13 Sulphate (mg/l) 104 56 54 36 - 50 98 60 -
14 Sulphide (mg/l) <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 - <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 -

19. S.
No.
Parameter
Locations
SEQs for Drinking Water
Lagoon-1
Lagoon
-2
Kirther
canal
Water
Treatment Plant
(exit)
Water
Treatment Plant
(entry)
Apr, 14 Aug, 14 Aug, 14 Aug, 14 Apr, 14 Aug, 14 Apr, 14 Aug, 14 2010
15 Ammonia (mg/l) 0.12 0.11 0.05 <0.02 - <0.02 0.06 0.07 -
16 Calcium (mg/l) 13 29 20 41 - 26 14 30 -
17 Cadmium (mg/l) ND ND ND 0.002 ND ND ND ND 0.001
18 Chromium (mg/l) ND 0.007 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.003 ND 0.004 ≤0.05
19 Copper (mg/l) 0.018 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.026 0.012 0.029 0.02 2
20 Lead (mg/l) 0.001 ND ND 0.006 0.003 ND 0.001 ND ≤0.05
21 Mercury (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ≤0.001
22 Selenium (mg/l) ND ND ND 0.001 0.002 ND ND ND 0.01
23 Nickel (mg/l) 0.002 BDL BDL 0.006 0.007 BDL 0.004 BDL ≤0.02
24 Silver (mg/l) ND ND ND ND - ND ND ND -
25 Zinc (mg/l) 0.011 0.028 0.023 0.026 0.022 0.01 0.019 0.01 5

20. S.
No.
Parameter
Locations
SEQs for Drinking Water
Lagoon-1
Lagoon
-2
Kirther
canal
Water
Treatment Plant
(exit)
Water
Treatment Plant
(entry)
Apr, 14 Aug, 14 Aug, 14 Aug, 14 Apr, 14 Aug, 14 Apr, 14 Aug, 14 2010
26 Arsenic (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ≤0.05
27 Barium (mg/l) 0.028 0.06 0.04 0.042 0.081 0.03 0.031 0.03 0.7
28 Iron (mg/l) 0.007 0.002 0.002 0.006 - 0.001 0.005 0.001 -
29 Manganese (mg/l) 0.249 BDL BDL 0.128 0.034 BDL 0.141 BDL ≤0.5
30 Boron (mg/l) 0.062 0.01 0.02 0.07 - 0.01 0.019 0.01 -
31 Chlorine (mg/l) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02
0.2-0.5 at consumer end,
0.5-1.5 at source
32
E.coli
(MPN/100ml)
>
38x10³
38x10³ 38x10³
>
96x10³
BDL BDL
>
96x10³
96x10³
Must not be detectable in
any 100ml sample
33
Fecal coliform
(MPN/100 ml)
>
38x10³
38x10³ 38x10³
>
96x10³
BDL BDL
>
96x10³
96x10³ Must not be detectable
34
Total coliform
(MPN/100 ml)
>
240x10³
>
240x10
³
>
240x10
³
>
240x10
³
240x10
³
240x10
³
>
240x10
³
>
240x10
³
Must not be detectable in
any 100ml sample

21. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION IN
LIGHT OF EXISTING CONDITIONS
• ENHANCE THE CAPACITY OF WATER SUPPLY TO MEET THE
PRESENT AND FUTURE DEMAND
• REHABILITATION OF EXISTING FACILITIES & EXTENSION OF
FACILITIES
• LAUNCHING OF MORE BAHAVIOUR CHANGE PROGRAMS,
AWARENESS REGARDING OWNERSHIP & WASH
• PROVIDE SUSTAINABLE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
• PROPER BILLING SYSTEM WITH INITIAL SUBSIDY
• PROPER COMPLAIN SYSTEM + ANTI-CRIME UNITS
• CAPACITY BUILDING OF O&M STAFF
• ALSO HAVE TO WORK FOR PROPER SANITATION SYSTEM

22. RUNNING PROJECT IN CITY
Improvement of Water Supply
Up-gradation & rehabilitation of
Sanitation System
Development of Solid Waste Collection
Plan

23. ON GOING PROJECT OF
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR
JACOBABAD CITY

24. WATER SUPPLY INTERVENTIONS
Water Intake:
• New Lagoon
No. 3
• Pump room for
(HLPS)
• New Generator
rooms (LLPS &
HLPS)
• 600 mm water
main (22 km)
Water Filter
Plant:
• Additional
Clarifier
• 4 no. Rapid
Sand Filter
Beds
• Alum dosing
system
• Sodium
hypochlorite
disinfection
Water
Distribution:
• New water
transmission loop
• Additional 6 nos.
overhead
reservoirs
• Additional
pumping
machinery
• Distribution
Network

25. • Drinking water supplied
to households on
donkey carts!!
The
Existing
Situation
• Clean water available to
every house in
Jacobabad!!
The
expected
result
• 6 OH reservoirs
to provide
treated water to
all households
24/7.
Proposed
Intervention
25

26. ANIMATED VIDEO OF
WATER SUPPLY IN
JACOBABAD

27. • Rehab. Of Two Old
Lagoon 110 MGD &
New Lagoon 110
MGD along with
Electric Generation
setup for LLPS
CONSTRUCTION
STORAGE
LAGOON

28. • Laying of 600mm
Rising Main from
HLPS to WTP
• Construction of
HLPS
TRANSMISSION
LINE

29. • Construction of OHR
(6 Nos.) along with
water supply network
• House connection
• Main supply loop
Distribution
System

30. EXPECTATIONS & WAY
FORWARD
Clean (WHO Standard) drinking water for all 24/7.
Improved health and hygienic conditions.
Improved environmental conditions of the township.
Pollution free surroundings.
Helpful in achieving SDGs.

31. DOCUMENTARY FILM ON
WATER ISSUE IN JACOBABAD

32.  Environmental Assessment of Rehabilitation & Upgradation of
Drinking Water Treatment Plant in Jacobabad  Consultant
NESPAK
 Environmental Documentation form  TCI- AAA
 Willingness to Pay for WASH in Jacobabad  UN-HABITAT +
UNICEF
 Progress Report of the Project
References