water pollution health & sanitation

1. Presented by:
Abu Umeer
u.ahmed8@yahoo.com
Assigned by: Ather Hussain Mover
Subject: EN-527. Health & Sanitaion
Department: Environmental
Engineering
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2. Water Pollution—
Sanitation &
Health impacts.

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Water is a vital
requirement of all
life forms.
Potable water is
the basic need of
man to sustain life.
Access to safe water
& sanitation is a
basic human right &
its provision is the
responsibility of the
state. U.N says
Frequent
improvement in the
quality of water is
among the top
challenges of the
world.

4. In 2012 theWorld
Bank, has estimated
that water pollution
costs Pakistan $5.7
billion, 4pc of GDP.
About 60 % of child
mortality in Pakistan.
Patients suffering
water-related diseases
occupy 20 to 40 per
cent of hospital beds in
Pakistan.
> 2/3 of households
drink bacterially
contaminated water,
annually 53k Pakistani
children die of diarrhea
after drinking it, says
UNICEF.
Waterborne diseases
constitute about 80%
of all diseases and are
responsible for 33% of
deaths.
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5. W.H.O suggests
investment of $1 in water
&sanitation would
generate an economic
return $3 to $34,
depending on the region
and technologies applied.
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6. When water is
contaminated,
its normal
functioning and
properties are
affected.
The primary source of
contamination is
sewerage (fecal) which
is extensively
discharged into
drinking water system
supplies.
Secondary source of
pollution is the disposal
of toxic chemicals from
industrial effluents,
pesticides, and
fertilizers from
agriculture sources into
the water bodies.
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7. Classifying water contaminants:
• Impurity of biological nature, causes human
health problems or death .
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CHEMICAL
PHYSICALBIOLOGICAL

8. In Pakistan, water at the source, in the
distribution network, and at the consumer
tap is heavily polluted with coliforms and
fecal coliforms all over the country.
The dispersion of bacteria is at peak in rainy
season due to drainage in water bodies,
Poor treatment facilities cause spread of
waterborne diseases.
There is a well-established link between
intake of faecal-contaminated water and
waterborne diseases.
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9. In Pakistan, drinking water
sanitation system and
drainage lines run in
parallel, which causes
leakages and intermixing
result in deterioration of
water quality.
Various impurities in the
form of nutrient and
microorganisms are
transported from one
place to another.
The coliform
contamination occurs
mainly due to untreated
sewage water being
directly poured into the
canals. as a result, the
underground water is also
contaminated.
Other reasons for its
contamination are
percolation of
underground water and
inadequate sanitary
arrangements around the
dug wells.
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Rural Sindh rely on
surface canal
water/groundwater
boreholes and hand
pumps for drinking
purpose.
The sewage system is
breaking down
everywhere and open
defecation is still a
norm in rural
communities.
concrete base leads to
seepage and
contamination of the soil
water.
low quality pump
material tends to rust
causing iron
contamination.
the traditional design of
the hand pump
encourages algal growth
in the outlet pipe.

11. Unfortunately, more than
80 per cent of water at
source and household level
is faecal-contaminated and
does not meetWHO
drinking water standards,
except some sources .
A national survey revealed
that the masses do not
explicitly understand the
link between unsafe
excreta disposal and
diarrhea.
More than 7,000 water samples
revealed that an average of over
71 and 58 % samples in the
country was contaminated with
total coliforms and fecal
coliforms, respectively.
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25056753
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Contamination of various water bodies in southern districts of Sindh .
Disease Thattaa Badina TharaTotal
Percent
Gastroenteritis 94 95 92 281 97
Diarrhea 50 65 48 172 60
Skin diseases 34 52 84 170 59
Vomiting 58 65 37 160 55
Kidney problem 21
hypertension
20 71 112 39
Common human diseases as reported
by the people of Study Area.
aThe data were collected from
district hospitals of each district

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20. References:
1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5573092/figure/fig1/
2. http://pcrwr.gov.pk/Publications/Reports/Water%20Quality%20Statu%20of%20Major%20Cities%20of%20Pakistan%202015-16.pdf
3. file:///C:/Users/Naib%20Ali/Desktop/2010-Memon-drinkingwaterSindh.pdf
4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25056753
5. https://www.dawn.com/news/1381595
6. https://www.thethirdpole.net/en/2017/07/28/91-of-karachis-water-unfit-to-drink/
7. https://www.dawn.com/news/716104
8. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412010002060?via%3Dihub
9. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001074217321174
10. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324799893_Assessment_of_Groundwater_Quality_and_Associated_Health_Risks_in_Rural_Areas_of_Sindh_Pakistan/figures?lo=1
11. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammad_Akhtar11/publication/45289231_Drinking_water_quality_assessment_in_Southern_Sindh_Pakistan/links/56c2c71008ae2dc3eb884ef
9/Drinking-water-quality-assessment-in-Southern-Sindh-Pakistan.pdf
12. https://nation.com.pk/08-Dec-2017/sindh-s-contaminated-water
13. http://pcrwr.gov.pk/Publications/Water%20Quality%20Reports/Technical_Assessment_Survey_(Sindh).pdf
14. https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/launch-version-report-jmp-water-sanitation-hygiene.pdf
15. https://www.dawn.com/news/716104
16. https://www.slideshare.net/FaheemJehangirKhan/water-and-sanitation-pakistan
17. http://scholar.google.com.pk/scholar_url?url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammad_Akhtar11/publication/45289231_Drinking_water_quality_assessment_in_Southern_Sin
dh_Pakistan/links/56c2c71008ae2dc3eb884ef9/Drinking-water-quality-assessment-in-Southern-Sindh-
Pakistan.pdf&hl=en&sa=X&scisig=AAGBfm14JnMTnuxxsAM2t9Tj7Eqp1EfTgg&nossl=1&oi=scholarr
18. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5573092/
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