Scoliosis Case Studies

Scoliosis Case Studies
Scoliosis is define as a lateral curvature of spine greater than 10 degree and vertebral rotation
(Pellios et al., 2016).The spinal changes shown as compressive force on concave side of a curvature
resulted in narrowed disc space and spinal canal space, wedge shaped vertebral bodies thinner and
short lamina and pedicles, however, convex side changes includes wider rib space and posterior
deformed rib cage (McKinnis, 2014). According to McKinnis, spinal curves over 10degree appears
in 2% to 4% of population and curve more than 25 degree occur in 1.5per 1000individuals in the
United States (2014). Approximately 10% of all adolescents have some degree of scoliosis,
moreover, approximate cost of spinal surgery to correct idiopathic scoliosis was ... Show more
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In addition, Adam's forward bend test with scoliometer helpful in assessment of scoliosis with
accuracy, in this test patient stands and bend forwards at the waist, examiner asses back symmetry,
check for rib hump, back abnormality from behind and beside, also examiner may use scoliometer
or inclinometer and recommended for radiological or advanced diagnostic screening (Horne,
Flannery, and Usman, 2014. Frerich, Hertzler, Knott, and Mardjetk (2012), study had 30 repeated
formatic 4dimentional (4D) measure was taken in 64 patients, also included standard radiograph and
surface topography measurements. In addition, the outcomes compare and noted that Formatic 4D
techniques shown significant correlation with Cobb's angle with test–retest reproducibility, without
any radiation exposure (Frerich, Hertzler, Knott, and Mardjetk, 2012). The two different
measurement method as 2D and modern– 3D imaging system use in 442 patient to measure angle of
thoracic idiopathic scoliosis, and results shown superior and detail information found with 3D
(coronal, sagittal and axial plane) method compare to traditional radiographs, in the screening of
angles (Sullivan, Reighard, Osborn, Parvaresh, Newton, 2017). In addition, new mathematical
methods,
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I Am A Yoga Instructor
It's been a year, a year since I changed someone's life. I mean yes of course I get told that I've
changed someone's life at the end of every other class but this client was different. My name is
Arkalah Johnson and I am a yoga instructor, Yoga is a Hindu spiritual discipline, focusing on breath
control, meditation, and adoption of specific bodily postures and is a widly known practice for
health and relaxation. I started my journey 8 years ago when I was 17 years old, I discovered how
wonderful yoga was and what it meant to me and I wanted to share it with everyone else. After I
graduated from Belleville high school I packed my suitcase and jumped on the first flight to
Thailand, I was heading to The Absolute yoga academy for my RYT 200 ... Show more content on
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I told my buddies at the gym about it and my friend Jessica told me that I should go to the yoga
studio that she practices at. My first thought 'Heck No!' but I told her that I'm not the yoga type. She
told me that most yoga poses specifically targets the spine. So I figured why not give it a shot.
Jessica suggested you to me, so here I am. I need your help my back is in pain and I miss being able
to lift. Sincerely Joel" I emailed him back and told him what day to meet me. A couple days later
Joel stopped by the studio. "Hi! I'm Arkalah" I walked over to Joel and shook his hand. "Nice to
meet you, Joel" He returned the hand shake. Joel was tall about 6.2 and pale with dark hair and
bright blue eyes. I walked him in the studio and showed him around and also talked about the yoga
props etc... "So what symptoms are you having?" I asked Joel touched his back "Well my lower
back is in pain and sometimes I feel weak and every so often I'll get a sharp pain in my leg." "Okay"
I said "I learned about herniated disc in sports med class in my senior year of high school. I learned
to treat it you can do some stretching and exercise; luckily for you yoga is both stretching and a
form of exercise." I pulled out my yoga mat and gave Joel my spare mat. We were the only ones in
the studio I figured that it would be better if I did private classes with him I could focus on his
injuries until he got the hang of the yoga poses. "So today we're going to start with some

Questions On Google 's Article On The Right Posture Essay
How To Correct Posture – 5 Simple Steps to Get The Right Posture
By Tommy Wayne | Submitted On May 23, 2011
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Expert Author Tommy Wayne
How to correct posture may have been known by people who spend so much time working on a
desk facing the computer. For sure, those who are reading this now have been told many times
during their childhood days to stand erect and breast out. This is an advice from our parents and our
beloved teachers which we have forgotten over time.
Although we have thought by our teachers the proper way of correct posture, it seems like it just
faded in our lives and just disregarded the idea. May be because we were too young to know it, and
we were too young to feel the effects of a bad posture. And now as we grow old, back pains,
headaches and all other body pains invade us, something we never expect to happen and something
we are not aware of the main cause of pain. bad posture has greatly affect what you experience now,
those pains in your back, bad posture may not be the main cause but it is on contributory factor you
never expected. Am I right?
Your posture can be affected with different factors such as your state of

Scoliosis Research Paper
What is Scoliosis? Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine that occurs most often during the
growth spurt and puberty which also is a disorder that causes an abnormal curve of the spine, or
backbone. The curve is usually S or C–shaped. Some scoliosis does not typically cause problems,
only severe cases can interfere with breathing otherwise there's no pain. Which can be caused by
conditions such as cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy? The cause of most scoliosis is unknown.
Scoliosis was developed by Hippocrates who is a Greek physician of the Age of Pericles which is
considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine. Scoliosis has multiple
types based on the cause and age of the person. How to prevent scoliosis? Unfortunately scoliosis
isn't preventable due to a disorder people are born with. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Scoliosis occurs in 3% of people. It's most common only occurs between the age of 10 and 20.
Living with Scoliosis can cause change in posture and the symmetry and appearance of your back?
Having major lower back pain, can't stand for long periods of time , the distance between one arm
and the torso is greater than the other one, your rib or shoulder blade might stick out more on one
side than the other . Also including impairment in lung function, pain in neck, trouble sleeping and
muscle tension. With females they may have irregular menstrual cycles, and problems with
digestion and proper bowel function. Sometimes Scoliosis is not treated surgery or a back brace is
needed. Self–Care treatment is physical exercise, Surgery bone and grafting and spinal fusion,
Therapies stretching and Devices a back

Postural Fitness Tests : A Fitness Screening Tool
Postural Fitness Tests: (In Order)
1. FMS (Functional Movement Screening): FMS is a fitness screening tool used to identify
movement asymmetric or major limitations in functional movement patterns (Cook, Burton, &
Fields, 2016). If athletes have a low movement quality and or muscle imbalances, then it is more
likely they are compensating and are at a higher risk of injury. It consists of 7 tests that focus on the
basic function, mobility, and stability. The 7 tests include: o Deep Squat
 Procedure: The individual assumes the starting position by placing his/her feet approximately
shoulder width apart with the feet aligned in the sagittal plane. The individual then adjusts their
hands on the dowel to assume a 90–degree angle of the elbows ... Show more content on
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The individual is then asked to place the end of their heel on the end of the board. The previous tibia
measurement is then applied from the end of the toes of the foot on the board and a mark is made.
The dowel is placed behind the back, touching the head, thoracic spine and sacrum. The hand
opposite to the front foot should be the hand grasping the dowel at the cervical spine. The other hand
grasps the dowel at the lumbar spine. The individual then steps out on the board placing the heel of
the opposite foot at the indicated mark on the board. The individual then lowers the back knee
enough to touch the board behind the heel of the front foot and then returns to starting position. The
lunge is performed three times bilaterally in a slow, controlled fashion. If one repetition is
completed successfully, then a three is given (Cook, Burton, & Fields, 2016). o Shoulder Mobility
 Procedure: The tester first determines the hand length by measuring the distance from the distal
wrist crease to the tip of the third digit. The individual begins standing with feet together, and
remains in this position throughout the test. The individual is instructed to make a fist with each
hand, placing the thumb inside the fist. They are then asked to try and touch their hands along their
back. During the test the hands should remain in a fist and they should be placed on the back in one
smooth motion. The tester then measures the distance between the two closest bony

Dendritic Spines Analysis : Utilizing Light Microscopy
Dendritic spines analysis
At least eight to ten layer V pyramidal neurons from the visual cortex monocular region were
selected from each brain for analysis utilizing light microscopy. Each of these neurons had to have
an apical dendrite of at least 80μm long and exhibited full Golgi impregnation represented by a lack
of floating spine heads. Each neuron underwent analysis of the apical dendrite, and following
regions if present: apical oblique (branch protruding from apical dendrite), first order basilar branch
(branching directly from pyramidal cell), second order basilar branch (separated from first order
branch), third order basilar branch (from second order branch) and forth order basilar branch (from
third order branch). A segment of at least 10μm long and at least 2μm away from bifurcations, was
selected from the structures mentioned above, and analyzed based on the number of dendritic spines
and morphology of dendritic spines. Each dendritic spine was categorized based on similarity to 12
categories (Figure 1) modified from those described in Irwin et al., 2002 as seen in Figure 2. All
final analyses were done under 100X magnification. Length of the each segment was recorded, as
well as the thickness of the segment at the starting and end points. The segment thickness was
recorded to ensure that any differences in dendritic spine density was not due to differences in
dendritic branch thickness.
Statistical Analysis
All data collection and analyses were conducted

Dialogue Essays: Observation In Small Town
It's almost never that Beau acts interested in the actual needs of Bubba. It's a constant challenge to
get him to participate. Most days he leaves it all up to me. I try to not be overcome by anger, but
who doesn't love their own child? If I'm going help this guy, I need to know him, and not some fake
attempt to push everyone away. Its late afternoon. Bubba is napping. Crashing onto the couch beside
Beau, I say, "Tell me about her." His gaze only slides briefly from the television, before returning. I
add, "I'm not going to give up. I want to know." "Why?" I intently watch his side profile. Pulling my
legs up, knees to chest, I tell him, "I need to know. Otherwise...I'm going to leave and you'll be stuck
figuring it out for yourself. Is that what you want?" His gaze remains cast down at his sketch pad,
but I can see the threat is penetrating. "Because I will do it," I continue. "You asked for my help, but
you refuse to let me help you." "You're staying for the necklace," he points out dryly, never once
looking up. I watch his hands turning pages. Hands of an artist. "We both know that's not true. I
stayed because I wanted to. If I didn't want to be here, then I wouldn't be here. Just like, you
wouldn't have asked me to stay if you ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Instead my mother stuck around, putting up with my father's cruel shit, not caring what her staying
cost her children. My mother is what you would call, blind to any of my father's actions. He cheats
right under her nose and she doesn't see it. Treats her like a subordinate in every way imaginable,
and she tolerates it. Beats the shit out of her whenever he's drunk off his ass and yet, the man hung
the moon as far as my mother is concerned. I think some women just need a man around." He laughs
bitterly, hooking an arm behind his head. "I guess you could say the Flynn's are co–dependent. My
father needs his alcohol. My mother needs the alcoholic. A match made in

Essay On Death Coming Up The Hill Numbers
In the novel Death Coming Up the Hill numbers are everywhere in the war, and Ashe's life. There
are innocent people who died that were not represented by a true person, but rather a number. Every
week hundreds of people are killed in the Vietnam and although Ashe "couldn't // help looking for
that / news article every week" (13), he still doesn't like to think about it. No one likes to think about
it. However, in order to get through it, you have to accept the reality for what it is, even if it meant
reading that huge number in the article every week. Ashe had to know what was going on, and for
some reason, the big number he saw every week was drawn to him. Although numbers can be
overlooked and dehumanizing when viewed as soldiers in the war, numbers ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
When talking about deaths of soldiers in the war, there were 16,592 that died in 1968. That is a huge
and frightening number. Unfortunately, when people read that 16,592 soldiers died, they view it as
number rather than each individual soul. This terrifying thought can be so overlooked, and very few
realize that every single one of those numbers have a story. Similarly, Ashe's story and identity is
represented in the number seventeen. The New York Times magazine contained an small article
about how Negro kids weren't allowed in a segregated bowling alley, thus leading to a shooting.
This story was "Buried deep / in the Times, like it // didn't matter. . ." (36–37). This magazine
effected Ashe because it made him realize that not only is there a war in Vietnam, but it is happening
at home too. If you look at the big number, you think of a big war. However, if you pay attention to
each small and individual number and their story, there will be small wars. No one pays attention to
the small wars, like that shooting, which is why no one cared and it didn't matter. No one pays
attention to the small war that is going on in Ashe's

Achondroplasia Essay
I was born on June 24, 2001; I have a type of dwarfism called achondroplasia or ACH. Despite
having average sized parents, I am the only relative in my immediate family with achondroplasia. It
can be tough at times to keep up with average sized people and do the same tasks as them on a daily
basis. For a long period of time I felt depressed and unsure of why I had ACH unlike my siblings.
No one ever treated me different, but it was promenade that I was different since I was a child. As I
grew older I began to understand Achondroplasia better and have found ways to cope with my
dwarfism so I can live a happy and fulfilled life. According to GHR.gov, Achondroplasia is a very
rare type of dwarfism; it affects one in about 15,000 to 40,000 newborns. ... Show more content on
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While out in public people constantly look at me and whisper about my size at times. I am only four
foot two inches which is close to average for women with achondroplasia but as a child I was even
tinier. Most children did not see a difference between me and any other child until I was in fourth
grade. I was constantly bullied due to my height and abnormal head. I was unable to overcome the
bullying causing my parents to pull me out of public school and enroll me in online classes by fifth
grade. I fell into depression and missed the small group of friends I had developed. My mother
would give me daily pep talks which helped boost my confidence as well as made sure I was treated
as an equal and never make it known that I was different. My sister also helped me overcome
depression by spending a lot of time with me and assisting me when doing chores and other daily
activities; I never let her do anything for me though. I only let her help because I felt that I could
still live like a normal sized person despite being small and wanted to show everyone I was capable
of doing tasks big or small on my own. I have been able to establish a close knit group of friends
that have been there for me for many years already. I am currently in high school, attending a public
school, where I am accepted by many other teens and enjoy all my classes and being in a social

Scoliosis Body Brace Research Paper
I had been 9 years old for only a month when my mother, as paranoid as she was, scheduled an
appointment with my doctor when she discovered a curve in my spine.
December 22 was the day I was diagnosed with scoliosis and fitted with a body brace that I was to
wear for 23 hours a day.
Scoliosis is a back deformity that is identified by the curvature of the spine.
Almost 9 million people in the United States suffer from scoliosis, and most scoliosis develops
between the ages of 10 to 15. One out of forty people are affected with scoliosis. An estimated
30,000 children are fitted with a body brace.
The scoliosis body brace is a primitive device that binds your ribs and spine to prevent worsening of
a curve.
Like a corset, the back brace binds the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I needed help picking up a pencil. I was forced to quit dance and stopped swimming. Shopping took
hours because few pants stretched around the extra inches the brace gave me. I had constant skin
irritation and rashes. The summer heat was unbearable underneath a brace, and I could literally
wring drops of sweat out of my undershirt.
However, I was extremely lucky that I was diagnosed and put through treatment early.
Untreated, scoliosis progressively impacts one's life, especially through puberty's growth spurts.
Scoliosis stunts growth and puts dangerous pressure on vital organs, such as the heart, liver, and
lungs.
Early detection is crucial. California state laws currently require scoliosis screenings for girls in the
seventh grade, and boys in the eighth. However, this is often much too late for corrective back
braces. By the seventh and eighth grades, scoliosis has often developed for several years. Critical
scoliosis patients are then forced to undergo spinal fusion surgery.
Spinal fusion surgery is a major open–back surgery that places permanent metal rods into the spine
to fuse the vertebrae together. It leaves permanent

SCOLIOSIS
Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. That is often diagnosed early in toddlers,
children, and adolescents. Scoliosis is not considered a disease. Scoliosis occurs most often during
growth spurt just before puberty. The spine will more than likely have an S or C shape. Sometimes it
also looks like a question mark. Usually the spine is curved at least ten degrees or Scoliosis is an
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine that is often diagnosed early in toddlers, more to the left or
right. There are many causes of Scoliosis including congenital spine deformities, present at birth,
inherited or caused by the environment. People have Scoliosis appear as if their shoulders or legs are
uneven. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First is observation once it's found a physician will measure the curve on a regular schedule and
base treatment decisions on the rate of the curve. Second are back braces. They are usually used on
people with a curve more than twenty five degree angle of the spine. They are used on immature
patients who spine has not completely fully developed yet. Ages for girls are 11–13 boys 12–14.
Braces are not usually used in adolescents whose spines are already skeletally mature or almost
mature. The goal of the brace is to stop the progression of the spinal curve. When children are
detected with scoliosis it's a lot easier for the physicians to correct the problem before it's too late
cause of their spine not being completely formed. The third type of treatment is Scoliosis is Surgery.
Having surgery done is usually for the most severe cases. Having the surgery will not make your
spine perfectly straight but will help balance the spine and to make sure the curve does not get
worse. Exercise is the best therapy anyone with Scoliosis to do. It helps straightens the muscles in
the back. Scoliosis affects 2–3% of the population or an estimate 7 million people in the U.S. and
there is no cure. Females are 8

Midterm Analysis
Reflecting back on my goals from my fall modern one midterm exam, I set goals of increasing the
strength and articulation of my spine when contracting and extending, using my understanding of
grounded and weight more in movement, and learning to adjust to different changes of facing and
directions. After evaluating myself in terms of musicality, technique dynamics, and how well I
accept and apply feedback, I feel that I accomplished my midterm goals and progressed into a more
confident student than I have ever been in modern. In terms of the final, I set goals of strengthening
and lengthening my spine in the seated spine sequence, clearly knowing my pathways and directions
in the triplets (piano man) sequence, correct memorization ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
During the seated spine sequence, I noticed myself sitting on top of my sits bones and not leaning
forward or extremely backwards. Also the articulation of my feet during prances has improved
greatly. I want to keep thinking and working on the height of my prances rather than the distance. D
uring the jenga phrase I thought really accented the out and in rotation of the spine well. I noticed I
had a good a sense of space when traveling in the monkey, I can continue to work on dropping my
pelvis when shifting from the side shuffle. I was proud of myself during the sissone phrase because
my a la seconde jump to the back was clear and my leg was extended to my true second. This used
to be a challenge for me, but I overcame this by accepting and knowing the true rotation of my hip
placement and progressing from

Scoliosis Affects Spine
Scoliosis is a disease that affects the spine. There are many people that have spine problems, but
with scoliosis a person will have a curved spine. Studies show that it is more common to diagnose
someone in their younger years. Scoliosis usually occurs in the thoracic area and the lumbar region.
Doctors will look at specific criteria to diagnose a patient and move onto possible treatments.
Normal spines during examinations will have the lower part of the back curving inward that will
round the shoulders as well. When scoliosis affects the spine and ribs. There will usually be a
noticeable uneven shape in the shoulders or the hips. This is because there is either a structure or
non–structured curve that causes scoliosis. Doctors will consider the shape and then look at the
location, direction, and then its magnitude. There are different factors that can cause or lead to
having scoliosis. In small children that have muscle or bone problems their vertebrae may change as
they grow older. The article states that many cases of scoliosis go unknown without a cause. There
are many doctors that see scoliosis as being genetically passed down or from a serious spine injury.
If the patient is older it can be a case of lumbar scoliosis that may be linked with osteoporosis. ...
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People with mild scoliosis just go for examinations and is a light case without treatments. Severe
scoliosis may cause the ribs to start pressing on the lungs. In this case a patient may have problems
with breathing. Very severe scoliosis is the worst case and can cause damage to the heart and lungs.
Female patients are more common of having bone mass loss. This problem is called osteopenia.
Patients may experience pain, but there also are other factors such as mental and emotional
problems. Women are still able to conceive, but of course monitored under professional

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Research Paper
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is the most common form of Scoliosis. This is a complex
genetic trait disorder. Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, usually appearing as an
elongated "S" or "C". Of all known cases AIS makes up of about 80%. When it becomes apparent in
late childhood or as an adolescent it is known as AIS and it's effecting about 4 in 100 adolescents
(10–18 y/o).
Scoliosis can be considered "sporadic". If you parent or sibling has AIS it gives you a greater chance
of developing the disorder. It can cluster in family trees but also occur in family's that don't have any
relation to the disorder at all. If affects men and women equally but women do have a greater chance
of developing AIS. But for the most part there is no known cause for the disorder. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some children may experience lower back pain, although it is not due to the disorder its self and
more because of the participation in athletic activities without having proper core abdominal and
back strength or hamstring flexibility. One will notice the rib hump, a prominence on the back or rib
when bending forward. It may have an appearance of asymmetry height shoulders with one higher
than the other. Scoliosis can have the torso lean which means the upper body be shifted more to one
side. The curved back does not put any pressure on organs therefor not effecting them, and fullness
of breath should not be compromised. Although there are no clinical symptoms the patient may
experience low self–esteem, confidence and self–image which may be another bridge to cross in its

Research Paper On Scoliosis
This article is about the physical disability known as scoliosis, which makes the normally straight
spine curve 10 degrees or more in a "c" or "s" shape. The curve can happen to the left, right, or go
both ways on different parts of the spine. It is found more often in adults than children. 1 in 10,000
children get scoliosis at birth, they usually get it when they are older.
There are three different types of scoliosis, and three different causes, besides scoliosis being
hereditary. It is important to stress that scoliosis is not caused by and is not bad posture. The first
type is congenital, when the child is in the uterus the spine is made with a vertebrae problem. This is
either a vertebrae fails to completely develop or the vertebrae fails ... Show more content on
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Parents will probably be the first to notice the signs when their children start wearing bathing suits.
Once they see something is wrong and the child is taken to a doctor, the doctor will have the child
do the forward bending, or Adams, test. The child will stand with feet together and bend over to
touch their toes, keeping their legs straight. If the doctor sees the traits when the child does that then
the child will get a xray to get a better understanding of which type the child has and to what degree
the curve is. The doctor may also check through the child's history to see if anything is there that
could have caused it.
Children with scoliosis may have spine or back problems, and if they need a brace they may not get
to do all the activities everyone else can do. Children may also have a lack of social skills with other
children if they spend time with adults in the form of therapists, or have examinations or in severe
cases surgeries and have to be away from the school due to hospitalization for a long

Introduction
Everyone's spine has natural curve which round our shoulders and make our lower back curve
slightly inward (Common Scoliosis Questions). Scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine
(Taylor, 2011, p394). Scoliosis can also be defined as a lateral (towards the inside) curvature of the
spine with increased convexity (the quality or state of being curved outward) on the side that is
curve (Taylor, 2011, p601). There are several less common types of scoliosis, but the four major
different types of scoliosis are congenital scoliosis, early onset scoliosis, idiopathic scoliosis, and
neuromuscular scoliosis. The spinal curves cannot be corrected simply by learning to stand up
straight like poor posture.
History
Little is known about the history deformities of the spine (Vasiliadis, 2009). Curvature of the spine
is a disorder that has plagued the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It affects eighty–five percent of people. Idiopathic scoliosis frequently runs in families and there is a
growing body of evidence that genetics plays a major role (What Causes Scoliosis, 2008).
Congenital scoliosis is when scoliosis is present at birth when the vertebrae is irregularly formed.
Central nervous system disorders (cerebral palsy), muscle diseases (muscular dystrophy), or genetic
diseases (Down syndrome) may cause scoliosis. Infections and fractures containing the spine, may
cause scoliosis. The risk factors for scoliosis are age, gender, and family history. The usual age is
typically between 9 and 15 years, which signs and symptoms begin during growth spurt prior to
puberty. Both boys and girls develop mild scoliosis at about the same rate, yet, girls have a much
higher risk of the curve worsening and requiring treatment (Scoliosis, 2012). Scoliosis is maybe
hereditary, but most children with scoliosis do not have a family history of the disease (Scoliosis,
2012). If there is a family history of scoliosis, 20% will develop the

CUMS-induced Increase in ERα/ERβ Expression Is Associated...
1. Introduction
Exposure to chronic stress acts as a risk factor as well as a precipitating agent for mood and anxiety
disorders, and such stress in early life manifests itself in common mental disorders in adults [1, 2].
Majority of studies focus on the manifestation of stressful experiences in young, but there are less
reports on the immediate consequences of early–life stress. Such stress activates neuroendocrine
adaptive responses to cope with consequent crisis. However, due to prolonged or chronic stress,
these neuroendocrine responses turn maladaptive and contribute to a phenomenon known as
allostatic load [3]. These stressful events act as predisposing factors in the development of
psychiatric disorders and anxiety– and depression–associated behavioural alterations in susceptible
individuals [3, 4].
Initially developed as a model to screen antidepressant drugs, chronic unpredictable mild stress
(CUMS) is increasingly used as a means to investigate behavioural, neurochemical and structural
changes underlying anxiety and depression [5, 6]. CUMS acts as a suitable model with strong
predictive validity as evidenced by decreased intake of sucrose, increase in anxiety– and
depression–like behaviour, and reversal of these abnormalities by antidepressant drugs [7, 8].
Among the neuroendocrine changes accompanying chronic stress, interaction between gonadal
hormones (estradiol, progesterone) and stress hormones (glucocorticoids) plays a pivotal role in
influencing the

Scoliosis Is The Curvature Of The Spine, Forming An S Or A...
Scoliosis is the curvature of the spine, forming an s or a c–shape. It affects many people, including
myself. Multiple Sclerosis is a "chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system, in which
the myelin that sheathes the nerves is somehow eaten away and scar tissue forms in its place,
interrupting the nerves' signals" (Mairs 261). If not treated properly, both conditions are
degenerative. Both conditions do not have a cure, but they do have treatments that are not fully
guaranteed to be the ultimate fix. One may wonder how a person with Scoliosis can relate to another
with Multiple Sclerosis since they are completely different conditions. Although both Mairs and I
suffer from different conditions, we faced similar obstacles that our condition caused. Being pitied
based on a condition is a burden to those that are close, such as family and friends. When Mairs's
family helped Mairs with the chores and tried to make her feel as comfortable as a normal person,
Mairs began to be skeptical that "they were faking. Tugging at the fringes of [her] consciousness
always is the terror that people are kind to [her] only because [she is] a cripple" (Mairs 265). She
also added that she "always suspected them of...professing fondness while silently putting up with
[her] because of the way [that she was]. A cripple, [she has] been a little cracked ever since" (Mairs
266). Sometimes I wondered if my relatives and friends pitied me for having Scoliosis. My friends
and relatives

Applying The Thin Flexible Compression Column For...
This report provides a comprehensive design methodology for the thin flexible compression column
for implementation into a load bearing garment. The thin flexible compression column exists as part
of a larger load bearing system, which has military and civilian applications in load assist and injury
prevention. This system was designed to quasi–actively assist in the load carriage for a soldier (body
armor and rucksack) without sacrificing safety, flexibility, or comfort. The column serves as the
connection between shoulder and waist, transferring load in compression.
The studies begin with the development of the initial concept, the continuous floating constraint
buckling column. This concept consists of a flexible composite column, under axial loading,
buckling to higher modes between rigid lateral constraints. The concept is proven by a
comprehensive experimental demonstration. A dynamic FEA model of that system is developed and
studied. Experimental response proved consistent with FEA results. The model accurately predicts
buckling forces, lateral reaction forces, stresses, strains, friction, modal shapes, and deflection. The
geometric variables of the continuous floating constraint were optimized using the FEA model, and
final tests were carried out. A second more flexible concept is devised using the lessons learned
from the continuous floating constraint design and FEA model. The results generated from the FEA
model as well as practical considerations

How Fidgeting Is Beneficial Towards Your Health And Help...
Your momma always told you to stop fidgeting during church or your teacher during class, but what
they did not realize is all that fidgeting may have improved your overall health. Although it is
recommended that people around the ages of eighteen through sixty–four should be active in an
animated activity for at least seventy–five minutes doing things, such as running, swimming, or
even yoga. But who really has time to do all those activities? Fidgeting is not the best choice of
physical activity, however it does offer some physical movement to promote circulation and keep
the body going and is less stressful and more time manageable. I am going to introduce to you ways
fidgeting is beneficial towards your health and help you understand the vocabulary of fidgeting in a
broad perspective. Couch potatoes may not be doomed completely if they maintain a certain level of
being a fidgeter. Though small twitches of the hands nail–biting, picking of the nose, leg shaking
may not be ideal for the gym coaches' physical fitness test. These particular activities can count as
movement and be beneficial to their health in the long run. Some people may enjoy sitting for long
periods of time and if this is the case, then fidgeting would be a great idea. Fidgeting can promote
movement of lymph node circulation, blood circulation, and brain function. But some individuals
can't sit for long periods of time. For example, my brother–in– law cannot sit still for more than five
seconds; okay I

Spinal Decompression Research Paper
Spinal Decompression Spinal decompression is the process in which the spine is stretched using a
traction table with the ultimate goal being to relieve back pain and even leg pain. The procedure is
non–surgical and it can even help you with herniated, bulging and even degenerating discs. It works
by creating a negative pressure and this retracts and repositions the herniated disc. It also creates a
pressure in the disc and this will cause an influx in nutrients and other various substances. We are
experts in the field when it comes to spinal decompression and we are very proud to say that we are
some of the best in the business. Our Spinal Decompression Therapy Our spinal decompression
therapy gives you the chance to truly make the most out

Your spine helps hold up the body, without it, you couldn't run or walk. A healthy spine runs straight
down the middle of the back. In some people, their spine is not straight down the back; Scoliosis is a
condition that describes side to side curvatures of the spine, which often also involves rotational
deformities often diagnosed in children, toddlers, and adolescents. Some people are born with
scoliosis or it may result from osteoporosis, neuromuscular conditions or for idiopathic scoliosis
(unknown reason), injuries of infection of the spine, birth defects effecting the development of the
bones of the spine. Scoliosis is easy to notice, many times scoliotic spine has an S or C shape also, it
may appear as if their shoulders or their legs

Problems Of Technology And Technology
*Fancy music playing in the back ground* " Isn't technology great" " oh yes " * fake laugh then both
of them intensely stare into their phones again*. This is an example I made up, obviously. But this
happens a lot with real life scenario's and group gatherings or friend gatherings, it's because phones
are addicting. There are many other problems caused by phones to. It all started March 13th 1984,
30 years ago, the first phone was invented and it was a brick. It costed 4,000 dollars, and then the
first flip phone was invented 1996, and we all know back pain and neck pain started way before
phones were ever around but however it did increase there are many problems with technology.
Some of the major ones contain the following: it can cause ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
That its causing you to have a decrease in grade point averages and in grades. Another quote I have
to prove my point is form an article called " 47% of Kids who are Heavy Technology Users get Poor
Grades" it talks about " In one recent study, 47 percent of heavy users of technology were found to
have poor grades, versus 23 percent of light users" (Tony Schwartz 2). This is saying that
technology doesn't affect others immensely if everyone is alight user, if everyone spends too much
time on their electronics everyday it can affect their school work.
Spending too much time looking at phones with your head down at a minimal of 20 degrees, which
is unhealthy for the spinal cord it can causes very painful neck and back spasms. It can have many
consequences for your body, all to look at a small screen. A quote from an article we read in class
and it's called " OMG, your Texting you're was to Back Pain" it says "Loss of the natural curve of
the cervical spine leads to incrementally increased stresses about the cervical spine. These stresses
may lead to early wear, tear, degeneration and possibly surgeries" (Jessica Firger 1–2). This is
talking about how having your neck at that low of a position, is hard for your neck. It can cause
major problems. There are so many different ways you can help your neck rom hurting a one of
them is to make sure that when there are people on their phones to sit up straight and to make sure
that their neck and back is as flat as can be. Another

Andrew Biaesch
HRS 2772 Pathology
September 8, 2015
Scoliosis
Definition and Subclassification
Scoliosis " is a threedimensional deviation of the spinal axis" (1) . When diagnosed, the condition is
subclassified as congenital, neuromuscular (or myopathic), degenerative or idiopathic based on the
patient's history. Congenital scoliosis is diagnosed when the deviations are present shortly after birth
and early infancy and the condition appears to have developed during pregnancy. In 80% of infantile
scoliosis cases, the condition resolves with no treatment (1). If the condition progresses and is
severe it often requires surgery (2) and if untreated may lead to pulmonary disease (1). Congenital
scoliosis is at least partially hereditary and coincides ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Reviews of nonsurgical remedies in degenerative scoliosis suggest temporary improvements but
show little improvement in long term quality of life. possibly because bracing generally serves to
stop the progression of the condition and does little to correct the curvature (1). Surgical options
significantly increased the quality of life but came with high rates of complications in elderly
patients (11).
"The treatment of scoliosis with longitudinal traction was first described by Hippocrates in the 5th
century BC" (12). It wasn't until the 1500s when supportive bracing began being used to treat spinal
deformities by the French surgeon Ambrose Pare (12). Since that time, a number of different brace
styles have been created to correct scoliosis with varying levels of success. In the modern era there
are generally three style of back brace available for prescription for adolescent idiopathic patients
who have not finished growing ThoracoLumboSacralOrthosis
(TSLO or the Boston Brace), CervicoThoracoLumboSacralOrthosis
(the Milwaukee Brace), and the Charleston brace. The Boston and Milwaukee braces operate under
similar principles.
They work "by applying

Sphinx Pose Research Paper
Sphinx pose
About
The Sphinx Pose is an adjusted form of the Cobra Pose to aid beginners makes their way easier into
it. This pose is furthermore good for people who have lower backache as it has fewer arches and
therefore reduces the compression on the spine.
How To
Start with lying on your stomach, legs stretched out and steadily together, lengthening the legs by
extending the big toe and inner muscles of the foot. Turn your thighs inwardly to the ground to help
in widening your back.
Attempt to lengthen your legs and toes past the loosened length. The stretch of your coccyx or
tailbone should be progressively increasing. Confirm that your hips are fixed, but not actually hard.
Allow your focus to be calm.
Let your forearms be aligned to

Back Pain Relief
Back Pain Relief: Two Tips for Surviving the Night
When experiencing acute or severe low back to mid back pain that is preventing rest, the image to
the left demonstrates two positions that may take the pressure off and reduce pain. Both of these are
lying on the floor or a flat, firm surface with the knees bent and the neck supported, yet not hyper–
flexed (chin close to or on the chest). The use of warm, moist heat is recommended over ice or cold.
A cold pack on the lower back may increase sustained muscular contraction in effect increasing
rather than decreasing pain.
A firm surface is necessary, so those of you who have a sleep number bed may be able to increase
the firmness enough to support the first position in the above image. Another care, consideration
may be the purchase of a massage table. This may sound a bit unusual, but if you do suffer
frequently from back pain, you will be amazed at how useful it can be to take the pressure off the
back by spending as little as 10 minutes in one of the above postures.
A massage table can be useful for individuals that can no longer comfortably lay on the floor or get
up from the floor. A student model can cost as little as $99. One to two inches of padding is enough
for this purpose. It is important to have a firm surface for this technique to help provide back pain
relief. The table ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If a chair is not available a stack of books with a thick pillow may also work. A sturdy coffee or
cocktail table may also serve for this purpose. The key component is a 90 degree flexion of the hip.
It is also possible to provide mechanical traction if the chair or table allows one to hang their hips or
pelvis from the seat or table surface. This should only be done for 8 to 10 minutes and if painful
place your hips back on the solid surface. Mechanical traction can relieve pressure on the discs at
the lumbar vertebra 4 and Lumbar vertebra 5

Back Pain Research Paper
How Chiropractic Decompression Helps Back Pain After An Auto Accident
A minor auto accident that causes you to jar or twist your back can result in back pain. While you
may think your back discomfort will go away quickly since the accident wasn't serious, what you
may find instead is that your back pain gets worse. Pain from this type of back injury is often caused
by spinal compression, and chiropractic treatments might help. Here is an overview of spinal
compression and why spinal adjustments are beneficial.
Your Spine Is A Bundle Of Nerves
Your spine is composed of a bundle of nerves that run from your neck down to your hip area. These
nerves play a vital role in transmitting information between your brain and the rest of your body.
The nerves are protected by vertebrae, which are a series of individual bones with openings between
them so nerves can connect to your various muscles. The bones are padded with cartilage discs that
absorb shock so you can bend, twist, and jump without pain. When you're in an auto accident, a
blow to the back, sudden jarring, or quick twisting movement of your spine can cause one of the
nerves to become compressed. That means pressure is put on the nerve ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
When a certain nerve is affected, you might have numbness in your arms, hand weakness, and
problems with dexterity. A different nerve compression could cause numbness in your feet, and
burning pain in your leg. A more serious form of nerve compression could even affect your ability to
control your bladder and bowels. You might notice some of these symptoms, such as pain, right after
the accident, but when the compression is made worse by swelling that crowds the nerve, your
symptoms might be worse hours later. That's why you should see your chiropractor for an evaluation
soon after you've had an injury that affects your

Informative Speech
The trapezius is a large, kite–shaped muscle located on the back, and has the job of all movement of
shoulder blades and extension of the head at the neck. It deals with moving and rotating, and is
aligned against the spine as well. When it gets pulled or injured, it can cause excruciating back pain,
muscle spasms, inability to move the neck, and more. What it means, is that there is a muscle on
your back connected to so many different parts of you, that when messed up causes so much pain.
Senior year of high school I ruined this muscle, and it still haunts me today. Why start with this
trivia fact? I chose to because it coincides with my proudest achievements, and is a part of me, as
much as I don't want it to be. I've had moments where I cant turn my head to see what's directly next
to me, I used to have spasms similar to seizures where my neck would whip and force its way to
look in the directions that will cause me the most amounts of pain. It has been a long time since that
happened, but everyday I wake up in slight pain, that can get progressively worse or better
throughout the day. I use to take drugs, but now I can't. So I must muster through, because I know
this is not the worst thing a person can go through, and as a military kid I was always taught to keep
going. Fight through whatever comes my way. And I have taken that to heart, especially with my
proudest accomplishment. When I was three, I learned how to swim, and I took to it like the water
was my real

Scoliosis Case Studies

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