The Theme Of The Heaven Of Animals By James Dickey

The Theme Of The Heaven Of Animals By James Dickey
Many religions predict that the afterlife resides in Heaven, for humans. What of animals? This essay
will explore James Dickey's poem "The Heaven of Animals" to discover his idea of what an animal's
heaven is like in Dickey's mind. The main theme explored is the idea that an animal's heaven is right
on Earth, in its natural habitat. Furthermore, the poem could serve as a warning to humans that
destroying the planet is not only dangerous to our own continued existence, but it brings up
important moral issues concerning the animals who also reside on our planet. Dickey utilizes many
different literary features to get his message across, namely his choice of structure, vocabulary, and
imagery, though there are many more. The text itself is very clearly about both predators and prey,
how they interact with each other, their habitats, and the process in which they live and die. The first
three stanzas describe the heaven in which animals live: our Earth. The very first line, "Here they
are." is a reference to Earth. They are here, and nowhere else. They will always be here. The next
few lines utilize imagery; "It is a wood" and "It is grass rolling" are examples of the different
habitats in which the animals reside. The second stanza is of how animals are not self–aware, rather
they rely solely on instincts; "...beyond their knowing./ Their instincts wholly bloom". The third
stanza, conversely, reflects on their environments. Since the animals are not aware of anything
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Milky Way Research Paper
Out of all the galaxies, the Milky Way is the place where intelligent life originated. Humans, which
have lived on earth for 200,000 thousand years, have thrived in its perfectly balanced ecosystem.
Although, many centuries have passed, humans have not been able to explore space thoroughly yet
we are mere specks of sand on a beach. Today's government should be supporting NASA's search
for extraterrestrial life instead of being egocentric. Therefore, this universe has always been very big
in a astronomical way. The distance from the beginning and the end of the universe is estimated to
be about 46 billion light years across. Astronauts and astronomers use powerful telescopes and most
use satellite telescopes to observe space even farther. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
My answer is CHNOPS or carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus ,and sulfur. These
elements that are listed is the base or structure for each living organism on earth. Carbon is the most
favorable structure because it has a rich chemistry. The chemical structure of the carbon atom lets it
bond with other elements(including itself) in different ways. This ability to bond with elements with
ease is why there are so many creatures on earth. Which is why the study of molecules that contain
carbon is called organic chemistry. Out of the six elements listed earlier there are three of them are
are crucial to create life. Hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon have a lot of abundance throughout the
universe. Shouldn't this abundance of elements be able to create life in the universe. Yes and No!
This should have created life because the six elements should have created life without a problem.
Unless, the planet's ecosystem is not habitable, too hot, cold, or there weren't enough elements to
create a structure. But! Do not worry, there are still some potential in other elements that can also
create life. However, most life on earth is mostly carbon based and these elements that can
potentially create life would not be carbon based. These other elements can create life if met with
the right

Internal Structure of the Earth
<center>What is the evidence for our knowledge of the internal structure of the Earth?
</center> As we enter the twenty first century we are beginning to learn more and more
about the composition of the Earth. Early predictions have thrown up some rather strange and
peculiar thoughts as to what is making up our Earth, but now day¡¦s scientists can be confident that
the Earth is made up of what they think. As from experiments and other sources of information a
picture to what is really down there is becoming much clearer. So how do these scientists
know that the Earth¡¦s sections are made up of different compositions, and how do we know that the
physical state of each layer is what it is? The outmost layer of the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This time could then be scaled up to give the results of what they though would be the times for the
P and then the S–waves to arrive at other destinations. This theory was correct, further away from
the point of the epicentre, first the P–waves arrived followed by the S–waves a few minutes later. So
then they thought that this would be the case for all over the globe, but they found out something
else. They tried to predict the time they expected the waves to reach a destination on exactly on the
other side of the globe, so they scaled up the time interval between the two waves arriving. First the
P–wave arrived, on time as they expected but the S–wave didn¡¦t, this was because the P–waves can
travel through any physical state. However S–waves can only travel through solids which is why
they can pass through the mantle, so a change of physical state must happen in the middle of the
mantle somewhere. The area where the S–waves enter and do not come back out is called the
shadow zone. The P–waves also have a shadow zone. This would be from about 105¢X to 142¢X
marked from the Focus of the earthquake. This is because when the P–waves enter the core they are
bent downwards, they are then bent down again when they leave the core–mantle boundary. So no
waves can emerge at the surface before 142¢X. From these results scientists are convinced
that inside the mantle there is a molten core that must be blocking out the S–waves. So
scientists have very good

Geology of Mars Essay
The global structure of Mars is well documented through viewings by scientists. However, without
actually stepping foot on the planet, all we know of it is through observation. Due to this, the issue
of plate tectonics on Mars is a contested issue. While scientists are sure that the core of Mars is not
active, which means no plate tectonics; they cannot be sure that there was never a time when there
were. Mars was formed by materials that were released by the early solar nebula. Mars' core is
1,300–1,500 km in radius and is not active. The lack of movement by the core leads to a lack of a
magnetic field on the planet, and a lack of plate tectonics. Mars was formed very quickly, and the
amount of accretion led to global melting. This ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, the crust of Mars contains more volatile elements such as sulfur and chlorine than Earth.
One of the most striking features of Mars is the Martian Dichotomy, which is the stark difference in
the topography of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The two hemispheres vary greatly, with
differences in elevation of up to 3 kilometers. The Northern Hemisphere is relatively flat, with
impact craters scattered about. However, once you venture into the Southern Hemisphere, it is
drastically different. The Southern Hemisphere is extremely mountainous, with many valleys and
peaks. It has a significantly higher elevation than the Northern Hemisphere, and is studded with
impact craters. The crust is also significantly thicker in the Southern Hemisphere, with an average
thickness of 58 kilometers in the Southern versus a 32 kilometer thickness in the Northern
Hemisphere. There are several theories as to why the dichotomy exists, and why it is so stark. One
such theory is the Single Impact Hypothesis. This theory says that early in the formation of the
planet, Mars was hit with a large asteroid, which would have created a large depression. This
depression would account for the stark differences in elevation between the two hemispheres.
Scientists, however, have identified issues with this theory. The main detraction is that an impact of
that size and magnitude would have left a circular impression on the planet. Most analysis of

Kirsi Kaulanen Analysis
Kirsi Kaulanen's sculpture called Earth's Breath instantly caught my eye. There was something
special in this steel sculpture that brilliantly used light as a part of the artwork. Just a few steps away
there were grander looking sculptures that filled complete rooms but still this artwork that is smaller
by comparison gave me a lot more to think about. I instantly saw the circling structure that jumped
out of the wall. Steel was cut to look like the branching roots of the earth. Interestingly the shape
also looks like a cloud or smoke which could be associated to breathing. I instantly imagined
someone letting out this breath of roots. The shadows in the wall are also important to the work. To
me, they remind me of things underneath

Protein Structure
The six most abundant elements of life are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and
sulfur. Carbon is the most important element because it is found in the atmosphere and all living
matter. All living matter on Earth is made up of organic molecules. Organic molecules are formed of
carbon atoms, which bond to other carbon atoms , forming complex structures. The complex
structure then bonds to other atoms found in essential elements. Without carbon as a backbone, the
molecule would break apart. All living things on Earth need carbon to live, grow, and reproduce.
The carbon compound CO2 is especially important because it is in all living matter. All life on earth
is carbon based. There is more carbon found in living things then ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The specific and unique order in the polypeptide chain is determined by the information from the
cellular genetic code of the protein. Having one amino acid in the structure causes the amino acid to
not function properly or at all. There are four levels of protein structures, the primary structure,
secondary structure, tertiary structure, and quaternary structure. The primary structure explains the
order of which the twenty amino acids in proteins are held together to form a proper protein. The
following amino acid structural characteristics are, carbons, hydrogen atoms, and carboxyl groups.
Alpha Carbon is a necessity to hydrogen atoms, carboxyl groups, and the amino groups in protein
structures. The secondary structure causes the structure to fold, curve, and make loops, that gives the
protein its' dimentinal shape. The two types of secondary structures are alpha helix structures and
beta pleated sheet. The alpha helix structure looks like a coil and is bonded by multiple hydrogens.
The beta pleated sheet is folded and held together by hydrogen bonds in between polypeptide units.
The third level, the tertiary structure is a broad dementinal structure that has several types of bonds
and forces to keep the protein in tact. The shaping of a protein is caused by the hydrophobic
interactions. Amino acids and hydrophilic will make a great amount of contact with their

Dysfunctional Model In Children
The purpose of this research is to explore child development by investigating children's
understanding about the structure of the earth. This main focus is to establish an understanding
about mental models created by children and discover how these concepts change in association
with age and gender. According to Vosniadou and Brewer (1992), mental models are dynamic in
nature, generated by children in response to questions asked and used to detect their perceptions of
the earth. Mental models are categorized to be naïve, synthetic or scientific. Naïve models are
believed to be an outcome of everyday experience; synthetic models to be formed to deal with the
irregularity between the flat earth and spherical model while scientific models are the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The researchers conducted a questionnaire to 60 children (20 first graders, 20 third graders and 20
fifth graders) in order to investigate children's instinctive comprehension of the earth and how this is
modified following the introduction of the spherical model. It was concluded within their study that
developing children experience a consistent change from the initial model to the complex spherical
model and thus, produce substitute models within this process in order to adjust factual information
and preconceptions. A recent study by Straatemeier, Van der Mass and Jansen (2008) opposed
Vosniadou and Brewer's view by concluding that children's conceptual models are fragmented rather
than systematic. The children within their study did show a greater percentage of scientific
knowledge of the earth at older age however they demonstrated high constancies in their responses,
thus it was inferred that children's knowledge occurs piece by piece. This study confirms that
children develop clearer understanding at an older age however it also portrays that the nature of the
knowledge acquired still remains

The Causes Of Climate Change
Abstract: Anthropogenic action has caused and significantly increased amount of greenhouse gasses
in the atmosphere. These greenhouse gasses are contributing to climate change and causing many
systems of the Earth to change, specifically the soil. Soil is home to a wide range of microbes that
play an important role in soil structure formation and the carbon cycle. With warming of the soil,
microbes are decomposing organic matter more rapidly and as a result, are releasing more carbon
dioxide into the atmosphere, creating a positive feedback loop. The microbes in soil are also
changing because of climate change and they are changing very rapidly, making it unclear how long
it would take for the microbes and carbon cycle to revert back to their previous state. Climate
change is definitely not an uncommon idea in today's society, in fact, it seems to be at the center of
many discussions: who believes in global warming, who does not, and why is climate change
happening? Some people strongly believe that humans are the cause of climate change with all of
the methane, carbon dioxide, and other greenhouse gasses that are released because of the way
humans carry out their day to day lives, but others believe it is occurring naturally from different
cycles on the Earth. However, it is anthropogenic action that is the catalyst for these positive
feedback loops occurring from the Earth's cycles that are continually causing more carbon dioxide to
be released into the atmosphere.

Essay on The Molten Core Theory
The Molten Core Theory
The center of the Earth is composed of a solid metallic core surrounded by a molten layer of liquid
metal. This paper will discuss the reasons to believe the theory that the Earth has a molten core, and
the important discoveries that have led to this generally accepted theory. It is very reasonable to
agree with this theory when paying credence to the logical evidence that answers questions about
the Earth's core. This evidence includes information about the elemental make up of the Earth, the
reason for the Earth's magnetic field, and some of the possibilities of the Earth's formation.
Dr. Ken Rubin, an assistant professor of geology at the University of Hawaii. Explains that the Earth
is made up ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This tells them what, and how much of an element should be present in the Earth. This is how
scientists know what is present in the Earth. This is also what allows them to make judgments on
what is present deep inside of the Earth.
A recent study by professor of geology, Xiaodong Song, explains another way to affirm the
composition and structure of the interior of the Earth is through the use of seismic waves. Seismic
waves are waves created by movement in the Earth. These waves can have different properties that
can react with changing densities within the earth. Knowing the different reactions can be used to
determine the density of the earth at the different depths. It is also a powerful tool in determining the
elements present in the earth. Taking into consideration the different ways the waves react to the
elements can provide a clue as to the element that the wave has contacted. Certain seismic waves
pass through the Earth at different speeds, and furthermore, specific elements and compounds in the
Earth cause those waves to disperce differently. The different rates that these waves move at
different depths gives geologist information on the varying densities and compostition of the Earth
at the locations.
Through the same basic idea of seismic waves and densities geologist have gathered enough
evidence to believe that the Earth has a solid core, surrounded by molten, metallic, elements. This is
determined from a specific

Themes Of Faith And Doubt In The Hobbit
External assessment
Comparison in which J.R.R Tolkien and Jules Verne have explored different perspectives of the idea
of faith and doubt in their respective texts The Hobbit and Journey to the Centre of the Earth.
Both texts convey the symbols of faith and doubt. The idea that doubt will always affect you still
faith may have enough strength to overcome the doubt in anything. Verne looks at both Protagonist
one symbolising faithful and the other symbolising doubt, metaphorically one effects the other,
while Tolkien protagonist Bilbo has faith and doubt in himself and how his faith overcome the
doubt.
The similarities and differences that will be analysed in the respective novels of Verne and Tolkien
that show the idea of faith and doubt ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Never!". While the other main character is Axel and is doubtful of the adventure because he does not
want to go on the adventure and drags Lidenbrock a bit but Axel still follow Lidenbrock showing
that Axel has a little faith that they will success however still is doubtful through the tunnel unlike
Lidenbrock which gave him his last drop of water and Axel "still express nothing but despair". Hans
is an Icelandic guide who gets paid to go on the journey and does not talk English so what he says is
translated by the professor and from what he says he is not affect by faith or doubt in the adventure.
The supporting characters in Verne's novel are not affected by the idea of faith and doubt but push
on through the adventure and help Axel and Lidenbrock in their adventure through the centre of the
earth. Unlike Verne's novel that focus more on the adventure and how that effects the protagonist
faith and doubt, Tolkien uses many characters to improve on Bilbo's faith throughout the adventure.
The main character that helps Bilbo to have faith through the novel are the company of dwarves and
Gandalf who start to rely and "trust Bilbo," when he begins to have more faith in succeeding in the
adventure and he is the only way they can complete the adventure. The use of more characters in the
Hobbit allows for more challenges that stop Bilbo from doing the quest or helping him succeed. The
convention of characters used by the novels are

Rammed Earth
Rammed earth is a building technique which has been used for hundreds of years. The technique
involves earth (similar to cob) which is compacted, in–situ, between forms which are created by
shuttering (Figure 12 & 13). This creates a monolithic wall which is strong and durable with a
variety of colours, depending on the earth within the site. Two or more soil components must be
used to create the correct size appropriate wall (Windstorm & Schmidt, 2013:402). The walls are
mainly 300 – 600mm thick and can be free–standing and, unlike cob, load bearing (Hall & Djerbib,
2004:281). The final product does not need any further finishing such as plastering and can be left to
expose the different layers of earth. Post–industrial materials such as brick, tile and concrete can be
recycled by adding it to the mixture, this will enhance the colour and the strength of the walls, the
materials can also add to the fire safety of the walls. This method of recycling alongside the use of
rammed earth can have an even greater and more positive effect on the environment (Hall &
Djerbib, 2004:367). Rammed earth also has the highest density and compression strength of all earth
construction techniques and therefore a more efficient material when it comes to structural qualities
in construction. To increase the structural qualities of rammed earth, small amounts of concrete (5 –
10%) is added to the mixture (Mačková & Spišáková, 2015:133). Due to the high compressive
strength the chances of erosion ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Examples of Rammed earth construction
– Garangula Art Gallery, Harden, NSW.
The building is made up of crafted, recycled and locally sourced materials. This created an
opportunity for artwork to be created within the architecture and interior. Rammed earth walls were
mostly used to construct the building, alongside recycled wood, and concrete. The rammed earth
walls were constructed using the earth from within the site and the wood was also locally sourced
(Rinaldi,

Electrical Grounding Best Practices : Electrical Systems...
Electrical grounding best practices
A good grounding system should provide the maximum safety from contact, electrical system faults
and lightening. For a grounding system to perform efficiently over long periods of time, it should be
designed and installed properly using reliable materials and proven techniques.
Grounding is important for three main reasons;
Safety to people
Protection of equipment and building which may come into contact with the live wires or systems.
Electrical noise reduction
The electrical ground provides a current return path to the earth mass. The earth is usually
considered to be an electrically neutral body with equal number of positive and negative charges
which are distributed *** throughout the earth and any given time.**** RD
The effectiveness of the grounding system depends on the individual components. Some of the
factors to consider include
The grounding conductors : that connects noncurrent carrying metal parts to raceways, enclosures,
etc
Grounding electrodes
Grounding Connectors
Type of the soil and environment Components of a building grounding system
The building grounding system consists of
The exterior grounds
The electrical service ground
Building interior grounding
Equipment grounding and bonding
Lightening protection
Basic grounding practices
The electrical service ground – Ground bus
Installation has a bus bar which provides a single point ground. This is usually a heavy copper bar or
wire of low

The Universal Qualities of Chinese Creation Myths Essay
The Universal Qualities of Chinese Creation Myths
From every culture and every generation come myths, myths that discuss things such as the
existence of a god, the purpose of the sun and the moon and most importantly creation and how we
came to be on this earth. Creation myths not only contain an explanation for our existence but will
also say or demonstrate something distinctive about the culture from which it originated in a way
unique to that culture. Despite the differences in time of their creation and the cultures from which
they come, all creation myths contain universal elements, elements that can be found in creation
myths from around the world. Chinese Creation myths, though created in a remote area of the world
and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The "light" parts of the egg, the yang, rose and formed the heavens while the "heavy" parts of the
egg, the yin, sank and formed the earth (Shan 1). P'an Ku had to stand between them holding up the
heavens to keep them from colliding with the earth. P'an Ku, held up the heavens and stood on the
earth day after day. Each moved ten feet further away from the other every day as he grew ten feet
everyday:
P'an Ku's pushing caused the earth and the sky to move ten feet each day. And so it came to pass
that, little by little, the earth sank lower and lower beneath the sky. And it came to pass that, little by
little, the sky rose higher and higher above the earth. And the lower the earth sank, and the higher
the heavens rose, the taller P'an Ku became (Rosenberg 328).
When the earth rested far below the heavens and the heavens far above the earth. P'an Ku realized
that he was tired. So finally he sat down, went to sleep and died. After he died his breath turned into
the winds and the clouds, his voice became the rolling thunder and lightening. One of his eyes
became the sun, the other the moon. His head formed the mountains in the east while his feet formed
the mountains in the west. His right arm became the mountains of the north while his left the
mountains of the south. His torso became the mountains of the center. The flesh off his body became
the soil and his fluids became the oceans

A Report On Rammed Earth Homes
Mr. & Mrs. Smith
124 Doon Valley Dr.
Kitchener, Ontario
Monique Rodrigues
Interior Decorator
143 Ferguson Ave.
Cambridge, Ontario
Dear Mr. & Mrs. Smith,
It was a pleasure meeting with you this past week discussing improvements with your
environmental footprint. As discussed, Rammed Earth Homes was the approach we wanted to take
and as that, I have prepared further information that will help you better understand the over–all
concept of Rammed Earth home construction, the benefit to you down the road, the benefit for the
environment and what the cost will be for you now, and savings in the near future. Please feel free to
ask any questions and or have any concerns regarding your new upgrade.
Rammed Earth Homes– Overview
Rammed Earth construction has been around since 5000 B.C, often utilized in middle– Eastern
countries, also leading its way towards Europe. As every option in life, Rammed Earth Homes, does
contain its Advantages and Disadvantages in regards to construction methods, cost and over all
concepts. There are three types of Rammed Earth Home Designs that are commonly used and rather
dated as well. The first Design concept is called the Adobe. Adobe home design is a brick building
structure that dates back to the Middle– East, where a mixture of clay, sand, straw and water is
combined and placed into a form, pressed and repeated until final result is set and completed. The
second design concept is the English Cob. The English Cob design is also referred to

How Has Space Pilgrimage Impacted Our Society
An invention that would greatly impact the 21st Century is space pilgrimage. With the ability to
travel to another planet, sustain life on that planet, and communicate with Earth many lives could be
positively affected, including myself. Space has always been an interest to me. I love how humanity
has only seen an incomprehensibly small portion of the universe we live in. The universe is full of
mystery and unanswered questions that serve to humble the entire human race. The spread of
humans throughout our solar system and perhaps even our galaxy could answer some of those
questions. Space travel has always seen like an impossible dream, but if the opportunity to live on
alien planets opened to the general public I could realize that dream. The first issue when trying to
live on another planet is transportation. To be able to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many countries have problems with overpopulation. To solve this volunteers could be sent to
another planet. They have valuable resources; with a sustainable population pilgrims could be
employed as miners, creating employment opportunities while also receiving raw materials. Space
pilgrimage would create other jobs as well like farming, shipping, and communications. On top of
these reasons, new scientific discoveries could be made outside of Earth.
If I were given the opportunity to live on another planet with other people, I would find purpose.
The new economies created by these territories would open many options for my career. Critical to
the sustainability of human life on an alien planet is engineers. Engineers are required to create and
maintain structures and equipment critical to survival of the masses. I would like to be one of those
engineers. We would be responsible for the lives of everyone on the planet, but I can handle that
pressure. This opportunity would grant me the ability to be remembered by all

Layers Of The Atmosphere- Bri Caamano
Atmosphere Paper
Layers of The Atmosphere– Bri Caamano Our atmosphere on Earth has many different layer which
protect us from the harmful elements in space. Our atmosphere is divided into five layers. The
troposphere is the first layer closest to earth. In this layer weather occurs, this is also the closest
layer to us. The second layer would be the stratosphere. The stratosphere is one of the most stable
layers. Due to the stability of this layer jets and aircrafts fly within this area. The Mesosphere is the
third layer from earth this layer starts 50 km above Earth's surface and goes up 85 km high. The top
of the Mesosphere is the coldest part of Earth's atmosphere. The fourth layer is where the space
shuttle and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Next is the mesosphere which extends up from the stratopause to about 80 kilometers. The
mesosphere can drop down to nearly –100° C which is equal to ~200° F. This is the coldest layer in
the atmosphere. The thermosphere is final thermally definitive layer of the atmosphere. In this layer,
temperatures can reach up to up to 725° – 1, or 225° C. The thermosphere can be divided on the
basis of chemistry. The lower thermosphere, the ionosphere extends from roughly 80 kilometers, or
50 miles, too somewhere around 300 to 600 kilometers out. After the ionosphere comes the
exosphere. The exosphere is the second outer layer of the thermosphere. It lies beyond about 500–
1,000 kilometers and is defined by an increasing hydrogen and helium level. This is because the
oxygen and nitrogen that control the lower atmosphere have been broken into ions in the ionosphere.
The layer that secedes from the exosphere is the homosphere. The homosphere is the portion of the
lower atmosphere with almost no Ionization. Finally, the heterosphere, the area in which you get
varying mixes of gas molecules and ions, is the last layer in the thermal structure of our atmosphere.
It reaches heights between 80 and 10,000 kilometers. These layers show the thermal structure of our
atmosphere.
Atmosphere Composition– Gunnar Murray
The atmosphere is approximately 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen. Other gases like carbon

Mars Research Paper
If life were to exist elsewhere than on Earth. Probably, Mars would be the likeliest one. Mars has the
elements that are needed for life and the energy is available for life in the form of the sun. The
geological evidence from the past suggests that Mars once had a liquid water on its surface. Mars is
almost half the diameter of Earth and is the fourth planet from the sun. It is less dense than the Earth
as the atmospheric carbon dioxide is 10,000 times thinner than the earth.
Mars is called as an earth like planet in the solar system. There are similarities in size, structure and
the existence of abundant water on its surface between Earth and
Mars. With that being said, Earth takes approximately 23h 56m and 4s to complete a single rotation
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The temperature and atmospheric pressure are very low which freezes liquid water. Since water is
the utmost environmental necessity for the survival of life. It seems like Mars once had flowing
water on its surface. As an evidence, NASA said they found proof of water in dark streaks called
recurring slope lineae on the walls of the Garni Crater on Mars (CNN).
In conclusion, Mars is small in size than the earth, has no atmosphere and oxygen. However, the
planet does have the presence of water, variation in seasonal change, earth–like structure and
presence of methane in the atmosphere which has to be taken into consideration that makes
everyone to think that life can still exist on Mars with the help of these environmental

Does Proof Exists that Extraterrestrial life Visited Earth
Does life exist on other planets besides Earth? Has extraterrestrial life visited Earth recently or in
our distant past? The notion of extraterrestrial life is a very intriguing subject possibly for as long as
mankind has looked into the vast heavens gazing at the stars. Can one say that life on Earth was
done by Mother Nature which some call evolution? Is life on Earth the result of creation or
alteration by a higher power or being? Some people do believe that other forms of life except those
on Earth do exist. Others consider it false because there is no absolute proof beyond doubts. There
have been countless occurrences by individuals around the world of either being contacted or
abducted by alien life forms. Many unofficial accounts describe the Earth as being visited by one or
more alien species. These various alien species that possibly visited Earth may be interested in
observing the development of the human species. Nevertheless there have been many discussions of
government cover ups. Scientists and astronomers are not officially agreeing with what is explained
as evidence provided by the supporters of life forms other than mankind visiting or inhabiting Earth.
In the current era Area 51 (Cited from Wikipedia Area 51 is owned by the federal government and
was established by the CIA in 1955 to develop classified military projects.) has been the focus of
movies and alleged news reports of alien abductions, aliens and alien aircraft sightings. My mind
questions

Hilary Putnam's Twin Earth Scenario
Introduction In Meaning and Reference , Hilary Putnam famously produced the twin–earth scenario
to argue for semantic externalism (henceforth externalism), the view that the meaning of some
expressions is partly determined external to the speaker's mental states. In this essay I will first lay
out Putnam's argument for externalism. Then I will extend his scenario and show that externalism
faces various problems. Lastly, I will cast doubt on Putnam's idea that the essence of the term
"water" is its molecular structure. Hence Putnam's twin–earth scenario fails to establish externalism.
Putnam's Twin Earth Scenario Suppose that there is a twin–earth which is almost exactly like earth.
However, they differ in that the substance earthlings call "water" is not H2O, but is XYZ on twin–
earth. XYZ is different in chemical composition from H2O but looks and behaves like H2O. Like
H2O, XYZ is colorless, odorless, boils at a hundred degree Celsius, and so on. Next, let Oscar be an
earthling and twin–Oscar be a twin–earthling. Both are in 1750 and do not know the chemical
composition of what they call "water." They have the same psychological states when they use the
term "water." Putnam takes the reference of "water" ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Recall that Putnam's intuition was that if another liquid had the same superficial properties as our
water (H2O) but differed in molecular constitution, then we would not call it "water." It is this
premise that is highly questionable. Putnam offers no argument for this and bases it off intuitions.
However, I do not share such intuitions and neither do many experts in the field of philosophy of
chemistry and metaphysics. Jaap van Brakel goes as far as to conclude, "Because it turns out that no
clear meaning, if any, can be given to the notion of molecular structure, it is not possible to specify
what the reference and essence of water is in terms of its molecular

Global Change Institute: Architectural Analysis
Architecture is more than a compilation of materials assembled to create a building. Rather,
architecture is greater than the sum of its individual building components, it is a structural system
(Hurrol 2015, Rappaport 2012). The quintessential elements of architecture – masses, frames and
planes – provide limitless opportunities for the creation of form and the articulation of space (Eckler
2012). The assembly of the mass, frame and plane uses one of two antithetic construction orders;
stereometrics and tectonics. Stereometric construction utilises "the repetitious piling up of
heavyweight elements" (Frampton 1995, 5). Heavy, telluric and searching for light; the stereometric
structure resembles a cave (Baeza 2009). In contrast, tectonic constructions ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Established in 2015, the GCI is built on a constructed site, nestled within and spilling out from the
footprint of the well–established Steele Building. Designed as a living element of the natural world,
the GCI seeks to work with the environment and "operate[s] as a zero–energy and carbon neutral
workplace" (HASSELL Studios 2016, paragraph 2). The green ethos extends to the use of recycled
and recyclable materials and is constructed with the limited palette of geopolymer concrete, black
steel, glass and wood. Built into a gentle slope, the building consists of 5 levels: the basement,
embedded within the earth; level one, nestled into the slope; and levels two, three and four designed
as mezzanines with learning spaces wrapping around the central atrium (Figure 2). The GCI
represents a carefully orchestrated architectural system with a sense of immateriality that blurs the
boundaries between inside and out, and promotes a strong connection to the natural world. Although
enveloped by structures, the atrium's three storey green wall, bio–retention basin and abundance of
natural light maintains the relationship with the nature. The GCI expresses the characteristics of
tectonics and stereometrics in its construction methods, use of light, load transfer and

When Did Life Begin On Earth?
It is the question often asked: When did life begin on Earth? Perhaps more than 3.7 billion years
ago, according to scientists who discovered unusual rocks in Greenland. This is even earlier than
previously thought.
In a study published this week in the journal Nature, a team of Australian researchers described the
small cone–shaped structures they found. These may have been built by microorganisms shortly
after the planet was born.
The work adds to the evidence that life has flourished on Earth since its infancy.
"If these really are the figurative tombstones of our earliest ancestors, the implications are
staggering," geologist Abigail Allwood wrote. She is a scientist who studies rocks.
Researchers Make A Surprising Discovery
The search for the earliest signs of life on Earth has taken many different ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They would expect to find them in areas where the rocks were half a billion years younger, Allwood
wrote.
Rocks Reveal Clues
But these rocks are some of the oldest on the planet. Because they are so old, the research team will
have to work hard to convince other scientists that the structures really are evidence of early life.
The rocks do not contain any biological remains. However, the authors point to four clues that
suggest the small mounds were built by ancient life forms.
These include the cone shape of the structures, along with their layered internal structure. Another
clue is the appearance of the sedimentary layers between the cones. These seem to have formed as
sediment piled up against the cones as they stuck out of the sea floor.
The mineral content of the stromatolites is also different from that of the surrounding rocks.
More To Seek Out

The evidence is not perfect, Allwood said. While she believes the structures were made by ancient
life forms, Allwood admits that she cannot rule out other possibilities. For example, they could have
formed through mineral precipitation from

The Earth 's S Lie Right Below Us
The Earth's internals lie right below us; in spite of this, access is very limited.
At present planet Earth is still changing, it is not the planet it once was and has changed
substantially since its formation. The earth's internal structure is made up of three principal
regions/layers, the Crust, Mantle and core. "The solid materials of Earth are separated into layers
according to composition and mechanical properties" (W. Kenneth Hamblin & Eric H. Christiansen,
2001). The evolution of the earth's structure has dramatically changed over billions of years and
throughout its history has been home to millions of organisms, including ourselves.
This piece of work will discuss topics such as early earth systems, evolution of the earth's mantle
and how the continental crust was formed.
It is vitally important that we understand how the earth has evolved during its existence and how
systems within our planet work as we are yet to discover another planet that has the same resources
and delicate balance that are necessary to sustain life. All the evidence we have today is imperative
to our understanding of the large–scale processes that occur within our earth's structure and
atmosphere.
Findings from planetology (a branch of planetary sciences that developed in the 20th century) imply
that over the period of the first 100 million years the planet would have experienced changes that are
unseen in recent geological history (Rollinson, 2009)
Geology is the science that concerns the

Kepler Mission Research Paper
The Kepler Mission began in March 7th, 2009. The goal of The Kepler Mission is to "survey a
portion of our region of the Milky Way galaxy to discover dozens of Earth–size planets in or near
the habitable zone" (NASA). This is accomplished by using a photometer to look for transits, then
transferring the data to earth through the Deep Space Network. Once a planet has been detected, a
number of different methods can be used to determine the planet's size, composition and habitability.
In order to understand The Kepler Mission completely, one must understand the structure of Kepler,
the search methods used, how the data is interpreted, and the implications of the results. The most
important part of Kepler's structure is the 0.95–meter diameter ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Kepler spacecraft searches for transits, but ground–based Doppler spectroscopy and space–
based astrometry are used to search for companion stars in planetary systems in order to gain a
better understanding of their structure (NASA). The transit method requires an alignment of the
planet's orbit with the spacecraft, so that the planet will block a portion of its star's light when a
transit occurs. The dip in a planet's brightness, that a photometer records, is directly proportional to
the planet's size. Furthermore, the atmosphere of the planet will absorb the star's light at certain
wavelengths. The light absorbed by the planet's atmosphere is recorded by the photometer. Then,
scientists can determine what molecules are in the atmosphere based on how much light is absorbed
(Hall). Many details can be gathered from the transit; however, there are drawbacks to the transit
method. NASA stated on Kepler's webpage that, "The probability for an orbit to be properly aligned
is equal to the diameter of the star divided by the diameter of the orbit. This is 0.5% for a planet in
an Earth–like orbit about a Sun–like star" (NASA). In order to compensate for this deficiency in the
transit method, Kepler observes over 100,000

Plate Tectonics Video Analysis
The first video was on plate tectonics, the building blocks of earth. The focus was on the interior
workings of the earth and it described the movement of the earth and the process of redistribution.
The earth is made up of several surfaces and the plates are rigid slabs of solid rock that move around
the earth's crust and upper part of the mantel. They wrap around the globe like a net and interact at
boundaries, such as land and ocean.
There are three types of place boundaries, convergent, divergent and transform. Convergent
boundaries are regions that develop when two tectonic plates collide. The area surrounding the
collision becomes mountainous as the plates buckle. This happens through a process called
subduction. Divergent boundaries ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Different structural arrangements in the carbon atoms determine the outcome of the mineral.
Diamonds are the hardest mineral; they are formed under a covalent bond which is very strong.
Graphite on the other hand is one of the softest; it is held with a softer bond. Despite the difference
in structure, both of these minerals are made from the same substance, pure carbon.
Silicates are minerals that contain oxygen and silicon. These two elements can be found in 90% of
the earths minerals. While they do not produce the beauty of diamonds or the wealth of gold, they
are used in the making of construction material. The element in silicon is a common ingredient in
many products in the computing industry.
These two videos were a great introduction into how the earth works. The idea that there is constant
movement within and underneath the earth's crust can be taken for granted. The 1st video gave a
great illustration of how the earth moves and shifts. The second went a little deeper into what makes
up the earth. As a society it is easy to take our resources for granted, but when it comes down to it,
we are an interdependent system. The earth needs us and we need the earth's resources to survive as
a

Geology Of Mars Essay
The planet Mars is a red plant that is found in the Solar System in the Milky Way Galaxy one
planets farther from the sun than Earth. The planet Mars has a very thin atmosphere full of primarily
carbon dioxide. The surface of Mars is very dusty and rocky because of volcanoes. The geology of
Mars is different from Earth in many ways including the amount of volcanoes, mountains, valleys,
and internal makeup. Mars has a great multitude of volcanoes on the surface including one, three
times bigger than Mount Everest named, Olympus Mons. Olympus Mons is also considered to be a
mountain because it is dormant. It grew to be so big because of Mars's unique shifting tectonic
plates. Alba Mons is another volcano primarily known for being one of the biggest volcanoes in the
Solar System. The one unique thing about Alba Mons is that it has very gradual slopes getting to the
top. The side of the volcano is only at a five degree pitch, which is very gradual. Alba Mons is ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The crust of Mars is made up of oxidized iron dust mixed in with rocks and a thick layer of volcanic
basalt, making the crust about thirty miles thick. Unlike Earth, the tectonic plates of Mars don't run
parallel with the core, they run perpendicular and push molten rock towards the surface. The mantle
of Mars, thought to be susceptible to many volcanic eruptions, shows no signs of eruptions in
millions of years. The mantle is made up of silicon, oxygen, iron, magnesium and is about 1200
miles thick. The core of Mars consists mostly of iron, nickel, and sulfur. The core doesn't move so
Mars has no magnetic field. The core is estimated to be about 1200 to 2400 miles thick. The internal
structure of Mars tells scientists that if any life were to ever live on Mars they would have had to
endure massive amounts of radiation. As mentioned, the internal layers of Mars vary greatly from
Earth and still have yet to be seen by

The Maoris : The Creation Myth
Natives of New Zealand, the Maoris, are a result of a sophisticated religion and mythological
structure that stresses spiritual matters that influence their way of life; this influence is the creation
myth. The Maori creation myth has many variations that differ from each in minor details and
length, but all get the big picture across. The creation myth starts out with emptiness, and nothing
existed until two Gods appeared: Rangi, Sky Father, and Papa, Earth Mother (Holloway, "Creation
Myth of the Maori"). Rangi and Papa lie locked together in a tight embrace and have over 100
children, all of whom are male ("Maori Creation Myth"). The children, who are all gods, are forced
to live in the cramped darkness between them. The children craved ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Most religions believe their gods to be transient and creator of the world while the Maori positioned
their primordial gods in and on the planet, acknowledging the value of the natural world. Rangi and
Papa are the parents of humankind; therefore, humans have a relationship with the world in which
they inhabit ("Maori Creation Myth"). Most of the Maori population is located near coastal terraces,
and fishing in freshwater environments is a significant part of Maori culture (Harmsworth and
Awatere 2). Another significant part of the Maori culture is the social structure. The Maori social
structure can be described as tribal; all the members were in the same territory and shared a common
descent (Leeming and Adam 2). When all the gods are living in the darkness with Rangi and Papa
before they were divided up, they lived in a tribal–like community; all were of common descent and
in the same territory. There is also a sub–tribe, hapu, which means a unit with ardent ties. The lands
of the sub–tribes were divided into sections, just like how the gods are in every corner of the world
(Rout and William 8). These aspects of social structures were based on the creation myth; the tribal
mythology narrates how the sons rebelled because of the limited world in which they lived
(Leeming and Adam 2). One variation of the story

The Solar System
Our complex of stars, planets, and all other celestial structures collaborate to run the quintessential
system that we live in, which has been our home for millions of years, the solar system. Yet, we
commonly ignore the thought, why does our solar system, hence the word system, join effort with
all structures to create the exemplary world we know today? To figure out the answer to this
question, it is essential to understand and appreciate our solar system. The world is exactly how we
humans desire, convenient for us to simply state that the Earth is close enough to the sun that we
receive ample heat, yet not too far that we do not freeze. The solar system is a working system of
countless stars, several planets and moons, and an abundance of comets and space phenomena.
The study of our solar system is a major portion of the oldest physical science, which is referred to
as astronomy. Space was quite well–known before the inventions of major astronomical tools, as the
six closest planets to the sun were already discovered (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, and
Saturn). In addition, the motion of planets, moons, and other celestial structures were identified in
order to produce calendars and navigation tools. Astrology played a significant role in the lives of
ancient civilizations, with stellar patterns and lunar cycles providing religious guidelines. Although
several ancient civilizations played a huge role in making groundbreaking discoveries, the Greeks
took the

Geological Structures Within The Earth
Geology Geological structures within the earth can determine a multitude of variables when
determining such things as formations, permeability, porosity, lithology, mineralogy, saturation and
normal/abnormal/subnormal pressure which in turn can provide the necessary information for
reservoir pay zones. The foundation for hydrocarbons is based off of the organic theory which states
that the hydrocarbons formed through an anaerobic environment (lacking oxygen) over time with
high pressures and relatively low temperatures (300°F – 392°F) with carbon based materials such as
algae. The basis for algae is the fact that the ocean contained around 95% of plankton in the ocean
and reservoirs for hydrocarbons are found in sediments made up of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Petroleum engineers deal only with sedimentary basin rocks in oil and gas drilling, and these
sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition of material at the Earth's
surface and within bodies of water. Permeability in these rock is a measure of the ease with which
fluid flows through a porous rock, and is a function of the degree of interconnection between the
pores. Permeability can be separated into three parts: absolute, effective, and relative. Absolute is
when pore spaces are 100% saturated with the same fluid, effective is when the permeability of a
flowing phase that does not saturate 100% of the rock, and relative which is the ratio of effective
permeability to absolute permeability of the same rock. When permeability is low the degree at
which fluids can flow through the rock is low and therefore not a good means of producing
hydrocarbons. Even if a reservoir has a high saturation, a low permeable rock will have no means of
obtaining the porous medium. However this is not the only cause with saturations of rock. The
irreducible water saturation also plays a part in the production of hydrocarbons. This is when water
is held against the rock grains by surface tension and cannot be produced which is determined by
grain structure, i.e. size and mixture. Normal pressure below the earth has a linear relationship with
temperature and depth, i.e. as depth increases the temperature and pressure increases, however

Factors That Have Direct Influence On The Changes Children...
Introduction
The research problem consists of investigating factors, age & gender, that have direct influence on
the changes children construct the world towards a culturally acceptable reasoning.
Most children will, inevitably, have to pass through a series of conceptual changes to achieve the
correct scientific answer. Firstly, children obtain intuitive knowledge, these are theories that are
formed based solely their everyday experiences. However, our intuitive knowledge is often incorrect
since things are not always what they seem to be, these theories are commonly known as
misconceptions. A common misconception by children, but normally overcame at a certain age, is
the understanding of the structure of the earth. Thus making a great study to base knowledge
acquisition from (Vosniadou, 1994; Panagiotaki, Nobes, & Potton, 2009). Vosniadou & Brewer
(1992); Nobes et al. (2003) both predicted that as children grow, they obtain and implement new
knowledge from others into their existing knowledge towards scientifically accepted concept, but
will not reach it until a restructuring of core theory.
This study, a partial replication, from Vosdianou and Brewer deals with the importance of how
children actually develop their scientific knowledge or form a belief. By understanding how children
'learn', It would benefit society greatly by a more effective and efficient education system in future,
by implementing new teaching techniques and educational activities.
Age associated with

Ethical Implications Of Going To Mars
According to Dr. Al Globus, "Humans could live in 'space cities' that orbit Earth – and beyond – by
2100". This novel idea explains that humans may soon be able to be 'shipped' and colonized in large
artificial gravity structures that rotate earth. This colonization can continue until the space within the
earths orbit is full, and then further exploration of the galaxy can take place for other possible
colonization areas. Continuing on the idea discussed in tutorial about the Mars One idea, I believe
that this is not only a good idea, but also an idea superior to the Mars One idea. In my opinion, the
use of man made structures in space orbiting our own earth if far safer and possibly more ethical
than Mars One. Building on what was discussed in tutorial, I believe the space city idea is much
safer to peruse than Mars One because the distance from earth would not be as far. Getting to Mars
would take approximately 9 months, while getting into earths orbit would obviously take a shorter
period of time. This is also beneficial if there are ever problems with the settlements. The chance of
getting help and getting the problem fixed is more likely. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Since we do not know if there are any 'beings' or organisms on Mars, it can be seen as unethical to
strip these possible organisms of their land so that we can colonize. Through the use of man–made
colonies and the use of the earths orbit, we would not be disrupting another planet, rather only
adding to our existing world. With the expanding population on earth we will eventually need more
room for everyone, and this seems like a good idea. Moreover, this does not only stop at the earth,
we can later use foreign moons and their orbits for these

Advantages Of Supercritical Fluids
Supercritical fluids (SCFs) exist at temperatures above the liquid–vapor critical temperature and
have densities between liquid and vapor states. The advantages of supercritical fluids as
environmentally benign solvents arise from their non–toxicity, non–combustibility, availability and
possibilities for modulating physical and chemical properties through minor changes of temperature
or pressure. These fascinating features of SCFs lead to their important potentials as green
alternatives to toxic organic solvents and there have been many industrial and technological
applications using SCFs [1–7]. During the last two decades, there has been renewed interest in using
supercritical water (SCW) in pyrolysis [8], hydrolysis [9], oxidation [10], electrochemical reactions
[11] and in material synthesis [12]. Physical properties ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These resulting differences have a direct consequence on the solvation properties of SCW. Ionic
association occurs to a larger extent in SCW because of the lower solubility of ions in water under
extreme conditions. Aqueous electrolyte solutions constitute an integral part of a large number of
biological and geological processes. Particularly, the thermodynamic properties of ions in
supercritical water (SCW) have crucial roles in many geological processes [13]. Therefore, it is
important to study and model the solvation structure and dynamics of aqueous electrolyte solutions
in supercritical conditions at the microscopic level for the purpose of understanding the chemical
processes and properties of such hydrothermal systems. Ion hydration and ion–pair association in
SCW have been the important subjects for hydrothermal technologies [14]. Aqueous fluids which
occur ubiquitously in the earth's crust and upper mantle at higher temperatures and pressures are
involved in magmatic processes, metamorphism,

The Expansion Of Space Architecture
Introduction The collective space vision of all the world's countries at the moment seems to be
Mars, Moon, space colonization, permanent settlement etc. Even Steven Hawking does not think
that humans will survive another 1000 years 'without escaping beyond our fragile planet'. Architects
are designing colonial habitats on Mars and Moon creating large flimsy structures for permanent
settlements. But is that space architecture is all about? Just to create a new living environment for
rats abandoning a sinking ship? Obviously space architecture can be something more than just a
permanent habitat in uninhabitable environment. This manifesto argues that architecture in space
could help humanity to maintain Earth as well as to explore other ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Certainly it is a great shock to all ecosystems, but it is a long way from uninhabitable. If we do the
meanest things such as nuclear war, pollution of all air and water, greenhouse warming, complete
deforestation, Earth would still be considered as the most habitable planet of the galaxy that we
know. Even post–apocalyptic Earth would still be an absolute paradise in comparison to Mars, the
Moon, or hellish Venus. None of these places will ever be more welcoming than Earth, no matter
how bad Earth gets. Even if we have to live and farm under pressurized domes, we will do it million
times easier than the people who do the same on Mars. And if sooner or later humanity gets the
power of terraforming Mars or Moon, we will certainly have the power of cleaning up whatever
mess we made on Earth and turn it into a Garden of Eden. The latter seems as much easier project.
Steven Hawking advocates that 'having all eggs in one basket' is not wise. Considering the fact that
there have been five large extinctions events throughout Earth's history, spreading out could be
logical. But again, this option should be for the most extreme situation, since the protection of Earth
and its children is always comes first. The Purpose of Space Architecture. The purpose of
architecture itself is to improve human life. Due to its extreme environments, living in space or on

The Cosmic Address
Task 1
Our Cosmic Address
Earth – A planet which contains all of the human race and is the only known planet with life on so
far. Usually accompanied by the moon with an earth–moon system. It is the 3rd planet from the sun
which makes the temperature right for us.
(Thelistlove.com, 2016)
The Solar System – Contains all planets which are within our solar system, hundreds of thousands
of asteroids and uncountable smaller bits. Our solar system contains mercury, Venus, earth, mars,
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. We have only explored minimal amounts of mars using rovers.
(En.wikipedia.org, 2016)
Milky Way – Contains ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The sun is an incredible 2 million degrees Celsius and can reach 15 million in the core. The Sun has
a very strong magnetic field. Solar flares occur when magnetic energy is released by the Sun during
magnetic storms, which we see as sunspots. In sunspots, the magnetic lines are twisted and they
spin, much like a tornado would on Earth. (sun facts, 2012)
How the sun began
Gravity drew dust and gas together to create the solar system. The sun formed first from the material
closely by the planets. Waves of energy traveling through space pressed clouds of such particles
closer together, and gravity causes them to collapse in on themselves. As the material drew together,
gravity caused it to spin. The spin caused the cloud to flatten into a disk like a pancake. In the
centre, the material clumped together to form a protostar that would eventually become the sun. The
protostar was a ball of hydrogen and helium not yet powered by fusion. Over the course of 50
million years, the temperature and pressure of the material inside increased, jumpstarting the fusion
of hydrogen that drives the sun today. (Credit, 2016)
The suns fusion and the atmosphere
The sun is made of 72% hydrogen, 26% helium and traces of oxygen, carbon, neon, nitrogen,
magnesium, iron and silicon. The high amounts of

The Layers Of The Earth
Most people know that Earth is the planet they live on, it's basic knowledge. They also know that the
earth has volcanoes, mountains, earthquakes, etcetera. Do they know though how these features
were made? Do they know what is inside of the earth? Most likely, unless related to their job they do
not. However, just because someone may not know about it, it doesn't mean it's not happening, and
all of the earth's layers working in harmony is definitely happening. Earth is in fact an intricate
planet that has multiple layers of differing compositions. To be exact the earth has four main layers.
The uppermost layer is the one humans come in most contact with, the crust. The crust consists of
"thin silicate rock material"(Structure of the). Although the crust is not entirely the same. Actually
there are two distinct types of crust, oceanic and continental. "The continental crust is made up of
mostly rocks similar to granite while the oceanic crust is much denser and made up of a material
similar to basalt"(Structure of the, Rose). The second layer is called the mantle. "The mantle is much
denser than the crust and contains similar to the crust mostly solid silicate crust"(Structure of the).
"As we travel further down the earth we wind up in the outer core. The outer core is a core of molten
nickel and iron. Finally there's the inner core. The inner is a solid metal core made up of nickel and
iron"(Structure of the). All these layers functioning together cast out a magnetic

The Importance Of Earthquakes And The Internal Structure...
Earthquakes are naturally reoccuring ecological patterns. In a sense, they're the Earth's natural
means of releasing stress and energy as a result of plate movement under the surface. Over
thousands of years, like many other ecological behaviors, seismic activities have compelled
scientists to study countless records of their impact in the natural world and in human civilization.
They've also shaped the way we've lived relevant to our environments, designed our very continents,
and are revealing to us insights of how the world is made up. In this essay, research and discussion
will highlight the importance of earthquakes in earth systems, the relationship between earthquakes
and the internal structure of the Earth, and issues or debate being brought up in the scientific
community about it.
Earthquakes are a very important subject of environmental and geological research. "Despite their
potential for destruction, they can be an aid for science" (Shipman; Wilson; Higgins; Torres, 2015).
The techniques required to map the interior of the Earth need "a source of waves, strong enough
energy to penetrate, the ability to generate these waves continuously in places that will penetrate the
area of interest, and the ability to detect the resulting reflected and refracted waves when they
emerge" (Tulane University, 2015). Similar to how we use light, sound, radio, magnetic, and other
waves to judge the workings or configurations of things and spaces in our universe, so do we with

The Structure And Motion Of The Earth 's Lithosphere
Plate tectonics is the theory that explains the structure and motion of the Earth's lithosphere. The
theory states that the Earth's crust is split into large sections called tectonic plates, and these move
relative to one another creating boundaries at which plates converge, diverge and move past each
other. Alfred Wegener pioneered the theory of continental drift in the early 1900s which he
supported with multiple pieces of evidence. Perhaps the earliest indicator of the theory was the
apparent fit of some of the Earth's continents; analysis of these coastlines, notably the eastern edge
of South America and the western edge of Africa, has shown that they are very similar geologically
suggesting that at some point in the Earth's history the landmasses were joined together. Another
indicator that the continents were once distributed differently was geological evidence of glaciation
in India – it is unlikely that glaciers could ever reach such low latitudes, but this problem can easily
be explained by continental drift. Fossil distribution also provided some of the earliest evidence for
plate tectonics – certain land–dwelling fossil species have been found in areas that are now
separated by ocean, which indicates that those areas were at some point joined together. However at
the time of Wegner's work many of the geophysical tools that are used today did not exist making
the theory much more difficult to support.
Paleomagnetism is one of the strongest pieces of evidence for

Life On Mars Research Paper
To Find Life on Mars, Perhaps We Should Look Here
Did NASA's now dead Spirit rover find evidence of life on Mars before it got stuck in a sand trap
and confirmed lost by NASA in 2010? Possibly, say two geoscientists who have found a location on
Earth shaped by microbes that closely resembles a particular area on Mars that was scrutinized by
the rover in 2007. The focus is a curious cluster of finger–like silica nodules that were imaged by
Spirit near the so–called "Home Plate" area in Columbia Hills in Gusev Crater in April 2007. The
rover operated in the location for over five years, studying the Martian geology and atmospheric
phenomena. Spirit's sister rover, Opportunity,continues to explore the Red Planet nearly 13 years
after landing. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But just because a feature on Mars resembles a feature on Earth doesn't mean they had the same
formation processes and, indeed, this isn't the first time a Mars rover has seen potential fossilized
"biosignatures" of ancient biology. In 2015, for example, NASA's Mars rover Curiosity imaged
rocks that appeared to possess fossilized features resembling aquatic algae mats. Though the jury is
still out as to whether or not these mats are indeed evidence of ancient life on the Red Planet – they
are most likely just curious geological structures after all – we do know that the planet used to be a
lot wetter than it is now, so if life's ingredients are present, perhaps some form of ancient Martian
biology left its fossilized imprint behind. As for Spirit's old stomping ground, Gusev Crater remains
high on the list of possibilities as the landing zone for NASA's 2020 Mars rover mission to
investigate these potential silica biosignatures. So we'll have to wait and see before making any
correlation between the structures at El Tatio and ancient hydrothermal locations on

Analysis Of Nigel Westlake 's The Last Place On Earth And...
I have been tasked to choose a piece for and an upcoming orchestral album titled 'A Musical
Landscape'. The pieces of music are being selected to represent different landscapes. The image I
have been is a glacier. This glacier and environment in the picture is: dangerous, dramatic, cold, raw,
jagged, rough, grand and mysterious. It is my job to propose the work that represents the image the
best. The two piece's include: Nigel Westlake's The Last Place on Earth and Jean Sibelius' Finlandia.
After analysing both pieces through the manipulation of the musical elements, it is believed that The
Last Place on Earth composed by Nigel Westlake represents the selected image of a glacier more
effectively. This is seen through the compositions use ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Finlandia, composed by Jean Sibelius has use of articulation such as slurs and tenutos (b.132–155)
that portray an image that is too smooth to represent the jagged iceberg. The articulation in this
section illustrates an image of snow or something not dangerous. However the use of dynamics in
this piece create a sound that is identical to the selected image of the iceberg. The dynamics in bars
142 and 143 crescendo and decrescendo dramatically over a short period of time which makes this
section highly expressive. This rapid change in dynamics is seen again in bars 151–152 and 202–
205. On page 5 all instruments in the orchestra increase in volume to build up to the climax and play
fortissimo to depict a massive and menacing ice structure (b. 184–194). Although Sibelius does use
better dynamics to portray the selected image, Westlake's piece, The Last Place on Earth better
portrays the image of a glacier through the piece's combination of expressive devices such as
dynamics and articulation.
With his utilization of timbre, Westlake's piece, The Last Place on Earth, better portrays the ice
structure and the hazards in that illustration compared to Sibelius' work. The Last Place on Earth
uses instrumentation and extremes in register to portray an image of a large dangerous structure;
similar to an iceberg. The dangerous feature can be heard when instruments such as brass and
percussion (bass drum, cymbals) are

The Theme Of The Heaven Of Animals By James Dickey

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to The Theme Of The Heaven Of Animals By James Dickey

Similar to The Theme Of The Heaven Of Animals By James Dickey (8)

More from Tracy Clark

More from Tracy Clark (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

The Theme Of The Heaven Of Animals By James Dickey