Running head: Measurement Instruments 1 Measurement Instruments 2 Measurement Instruments and Variables Relationship Students Name University Affiliation Professor’s Name Introduction The goal and objective of almost all companies is to become and remain successful throughout the life cycle of the business. Success determined within a business can be measured through company performance for instance in sales, profitability, revenue indexes, return on investment and also through innovation that a company can attribute as an achievement or advancement in the field they operate in. Performance and innovation are the two main key indicators of success or failure of any business. The current trend right now is that companies are investing a lot of resources to ensure they optimize and increase their innovative and performance indexes. One way this can be done is through ensuring the organizational culture is outstanding and the understanding of the market demand is well understood. My hypothesis Market demand is usually the collective individual demand for products (either goods or services) that occurs within a given market. This is basically one of the drivers of the demand-supply market mechanism, where market demand is where buyers or customer or clients of a particular good or services collectively can have an impact on the supply of these goods and services. This will mean when the demand of certain products that a business is risen then the general performance, profitability and customer flow within the business is also risen and the vice versa is true if it drops then performance drops. On innovation market demand has a degree of influence that is demand for a service or product can drive a company to become more innovative or inventive to come up with solutions or products that can satisfy the current demand for the particular product. Organization or organizational culture basically involves the inner environment, set up and culture of an organization. Basically the organizational culture is the policies, beliefs, core values, moral compass and the assumptions or standards in which a company conducts its daily business activities. This will dictate how a company interacts with its employees, customers, rivals and the law. It also can dictate a company’s working environment. Companies’ culture is usually defined and implemented in their company policy and enforced by the human resource department. A company that has exceptional business standards and ways of operating usually build a good reputation which attracts customers, also a working environment usually filled with morale and positive vibes can significantly improve the output of e.

1. Running head: Measurement Instruments
1
Measurement Instruments
2
Measurement Instruments and Variables Relationship
Students Name
University Affiliation
Professor’s Name
Introduction
The goal and objective of almost all companies is to become
and remain successful throughout the life cycle of the business.
Success determined within a business can be measured through
company performance for instance in sales, profitability,
revenue indexes, return on investment and also through
innovation that a company can attribute as an achievement or
advancement in the field they operate in. Performance and
innovation are the two main key indicators of success or failure
of any business. The current trend right now is that companies
are investing a lot of resources to ensure they optimize and
increase their innovative and performance indexes. One way
this can be done is through ensuring the organizational culture
is outstanding and the understanding of the market demand is
well understood.
My hypothesis
Market demand is usually the collective individual demand for
products (either goods or services) that occurs within a given

2. market. This is basically one of the drivers of the demand-
supply market mechanism, where market demand is where
buyers or customer or clients of a particular good or services
collectively can have an impact on the supply of these goods
and services. This will mean when the demand of certain
products that a business is risen then the general performance,
profitability and customer flow within the business is also risen
and the vice versa is true if it drops then performance drops. On
innovation market demand has a degree of influence that is
demand for a service or product can drive a company to become
more innovative or inventive to come up with solutions or
products that can satisfy the current demand for the particular
product.
Organization or organizational culture basically involves the
inner environment, set up and culture of an organization.
Basically the organizational culture is the policies, beliefs, core
values, moral compass and the assumptions or standards in
which a company conducts its daily business activities. This
will dictate how a company interacts with its employees,
customers, rivals and the law. It also can dictate a company’s
working environment. Companies’ culture is usually defined
and implemented in their company policy and enforced by the
human resource department. A company that has exceptional
business standards and ways of operating usually build a good
reputation which attracts customers, also a working environment
usually filled with morale and positive vibes can significantly
improve the output of each and every employee and ultimately
rising revenues and customer flow of the entire company.
Company or organizational culture therefore has a direct
influence on the performance and output within any culture, this
is because when the organizational culture is nurturing, fairly
competitive and conducive for the employees, then individual
and collective output for employees will be sustainably high.
The organizational culture will also determine how
organizations interact with customers, their rivals and even the
local authorities. A good relationship with all these major

3. drivers within the market is very important to ensure that the
company continually performs well.
On the other hand, organizational culture also influences
innovation within a company, this goes without saying. A
nurturing and conducive working space encourages innovation
within employees. If employees are encourages, constructively
criticized and positively leveraged with incentives and good
working bonuses all in a high moral and ethical standards
working environment then innovation is almost inevitable.
Research article
The topic that I chose to conduct some research on is on
management and organization specifically the hypothesis in
mind is the market demand and organizational culture defines
innovation and performance in a company. And the three
articles I founded my first paper included The influence of
organizational values on competencies of managers.” (Gorenak,
& Ferjan, 2015). The second article is titled “Organizational
Culture and Technology-Enhanced Innovation in Higher
Education.” (Zhu, Chang, 2015). The third and final article is
titled “Culture and Trust in Technology-driven Organizations.”
(Alston, 2014).
The article of choice is “Organizational Culture and
Technology-Enhanced Innovation in Higher Education”, (Zhu,
Chang, 2015). This article basically was trying to show a
correlation between organizational culture and technology
enhancement and innovation in the higher education sector as a
case study. As earlier stated organizational culture is the
independent variable that has an influence and relationship on
the technology-enhance innovation, trying to establish a
relationship between these two variables can easily dictate how
much development the higher education sector can advance. It is
important therefore for the higher education sector to have an
organizational culture that can nurture the enhancement of
technological innovation. The main objective of this research
article was therefore to actually show the strong influence the
organizational culture has on innovations in technology (Zhu,

4. Chang, 2015).
Path analysis and statistical analysis
One of the fundamental results of the research was showing and
explaining that there was a strong relationship and influence of
organizational culture on technology enhanced innovation in
higher education (Zhu, Chang, 2015). The author of the paper
used a constructive methodology for his research that was
backed with a systematic statistical analysis which supported
his hypothesis. First was the path analysis, the author used path
analysis to show the relationship and link between
organizational culture and technology enhancement and
innovation in the higher education sector as a case study, he
estimated the correlation significance and magnitude which
ultimately supported his hypothesis. The path analysis used was
the correlation analysis which he compared his two variables
two show any significant relationship.
Most statistical analysis was derived from the data that was
collected using statistical analysis software tools which aided
the correlational path analysis that supported the hypothesis.
The method of collection of data was based on also a survey
methodology where they conducted a survey using
questionnaires to collect the data, the scope of data collection
was from a higher education institution within the country, were
involved and results were analyzed suing statistical software to
give results which were the presented in the article. The results
tried to show and explain that there was a strong relationship
and influence of organizational culture on technology enhanced
innovation in higher education (Zhu, Chang, 2015).
The relationship between the variable is as follows;
(
Technology-Enhance Innovation
) (
Organizational culture
)

5. References
Zhu, C. (2015). Organisational culture and technology-enhanced
innovation in higher education. Technology, Pedagogy and
Education, 24(1), 65-79.
Alston, F. (2013). Culture and Trust in Technology-driven
Organizations. CRC Press.
Gorenak, M., & Ferjan, M. (2015). The influence of
organizational values on competencies of managers.
T---- University In-------
RES 610
Module 2 SLP
Measurement Models and Variable Relationships
ADD YOUR NAME HERE
Professor:
Select ONE of the three papers you found for SLP1 and evaluate
it in great detail using the RES610 Module 2 Article Review
Form.
Make sure that paper uses some type of path analysis or
Structural Equation Modeling.
If you are unsure, send the paper to Professor Angeles and he
will tell you if it is adequate.

6. RES610 – Module 2 Article review form – Last updated: July
2016
Review of: [provide full reference of the paper]
1) What are the major variables being studied, how many
indicators are there, are they reflective or formative?
Name of Paper 1
Name of Variable
# of Indicators or Sub-dimensions
Reflective or Formative

7. Name of Paper
How was Indicator Reliability tested and what statistics did they
use?
How was construct internal consistence reliability tested and
what statistics did they use?

8. How was convergent validity tested and what statistics did they
use?
How was discriminant validity tested and what statistics did
they use?
Was Explained Variance for appropriate variables addressed?
What was the statistic used?
Was Effect Size between appropriate variables addressed?
What was the statistic used?
What statistic was used to articulate the relationship between
the variables?

9. R- Slp2- AssignmentMdl 2 – SLp2
MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT AND VARIABLE
RELATIONSHIPS ASSESSMENTS IN SUPPORT OF
HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Select ONE of the three papers you found for SLP1 and evaluate
it using the RES610 Module 2 Article Review Form.
Make sure that paper uses some type of path analysis or
Structural Equation Modeling.
If you are unsure, send the paper to your Professor and he or
she will tell you if it is adequate.
Upload your completed assignment to the SLP 2 Dropbox.SLP
Assignment Expectations
Students will be able to:
1. Assess a measurement instrument and associated model in a
study related to the research I am interested in.
2. Assess relationships between variables in a model.
3. Understand that different statistical analysis software (tools)
present different statistics.
Note: APA format is NOT required for any assignment in this
class.
My Note:
My Hypothesis: The market demand and organizational culture
defines innovation and performance in a company.
Attached LINK for:RES610 Module 2 Article Review Form.
UNDER (RES610_SLP 2 - Review_form)

10. My founded Papers for slp1
1- Gorenak, M., & Ferjan, M. (2015). The influence of
organizational values on competencies of managers.
https://otik.uk.zcu.cz/bitstream/11025/17601/1/06_THE%20INF
LUENCE%20OF%20ORGANIZATIONAL.pdf
2- Zhu, C. (2015). Organizational culture and technology-
enhanced innovation in higher education. Technology, Pedagogy
and Education, 24(1), 65-79.
3- Alston, F. (2013). Culture and Trust in Technology-driven
Organizations. CRC Press.
Mdl2 - Background
MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT AND VARIABLE
RELATIONSHIPS ASSESSMENTS IN SUPPORT OF
HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Important: Look at the Module 2 Case Assignment questions
before reading the material below so you know what to focus
on. The answers to most of the questions are found inside the
first two readings.Required Reading
Skim through Chapters 6–8 of the following online book:
http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=100
2&context=oa_textbooks
Read the following Web pages and articles:
Note that a number of the answers to the Module 2 Case are
found in the first two articles.
a) Urbach, N. and Ahlemann, F. (2010). Structural Equation
Modeling in Information Systems Research Using Partial Least
Squares, Journal of Information Technology and Applied
Theory, 11(2), 5-40.
b) http://www.statisticshowto.com/reliability-validity-
definitions-examples/
c) http://www.statisticshowto.com/experimental-design/
d) Gefen, David; Straub, Detmar; and Boudreau, Marie-Claude

11. (2000) "Structural Equation Modeling and Regression:
Guidelines for Research Practice," Communications of the
Association for Information Systems: Vol. 4, Article 7
e)
https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/api/datastream?publicati
onPid=uk-ac-man-scw:89555&datastreamId=FULL-TEXT.PDF
f) http://www.statisticssolutions.com/directory-of-statistical-
analyses-regression-analysis/regression/
g) http://www.statisticssolutions.com/advantages-of-sem-over-
regression/
h)
http://cits.tamiu.edu/kock/NedWebArticles/Gefenetal2000.pdf