Running head: PASTORAL COUNSELLING ON MENTAL HEALTH 1
PASTORAL COUNSELLING ON MENTAL HEALTH 36
Pastoral Counseling on Mental Health
Student’s Name
Course
Institutional Affiliation
Pastoral Counseling on Mental Health
Chapter 4 Results4.1 Introduction
In this chapter, the researcher is going to present the results and findings obtained from the research. The primary objective of the study was to find out the effects of pastoral counseling on mental health. The researcher conducted a research survey to obtain the relevant data that was required to achieve the research objective. The data collection tool that was used in this study was a survey questionnaire that contained a total of 21 questions. The design of the questionnaire was in line with the specific objectives of this study. This chapter will present the respondents' background information, and the findings obtained from the analysis in line with the research objectives.
4.2 Data Analysis
Descriptive statistics were used in the discussion of the findings of the research. The results were explained using percentages. The target respondents of the study were sampled using simple random sampling. However, the primary target sample was that of people who had experienced some form of mental health at a certain point in their lives. The primary criterion for sampling was that the individual participant must have attained the age of 18 years and above.
4.3 Response Rate
Herein the response rate is the total number of people who completed the survey correctly and met the requirements of the researcher. In this study, a total of 106 participants completed the study. Before the survey was conducted, the respondents were taken through the details of the survey before they could give consent or decline. The reason they were chosen to take part in the study was that they were members of the Deliverance Center for all Nations Church and that they were of 18 years and above.
Further, they were informed of the candidate undertaking the research. Additionally, the researcher told the respondents that the objective of the study was to find out whether the church members sought pastoral counseling as a remedy for addressing mental health issues and whether pastoral counseling had a positive impact on the organization. The respondents were made aware that there was no benefit whatsoever of taking part in the research, and it was voluntary. The potential risks that the respondents would experience in the study were made known to them, which were the same risks one would encounter in their daily lives. The participants were informed that the information they gave would be confidential, and no one else will access them apart from the researcher. Possible contacts were availed to the respondents in case they intended to contact a third party regarding the research.
Once the participants had been taken through the details, they were asked whether they were willing to proceed with the survey or .
2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Vivian Truong
Young adults (18-25) have the highest prevalence (29.4%) of any mental illness and the lowest rate of receiving mental health services (38.9%; NIMH). WSU CAPS provides Wayne State students with an online mental health screening opportunity. The numbers of screenings were of interest for this project.
COVID-19 has been shown to negatively impact students’ social and academic engagement, as a result, screening usage during the pandemic was expected to increase. Additionally, the literature on gender and racial/ethnic disparities in mental health service utilization suggest that screening tools may be used less by men and underrepresented minorities. We also expected gender and racial disparities in use, despite the anonymity provided by online screening.
We examined screening use during the pandemic from 3/15/2020 to 6/15/2021 in comparison with pre-pandemic use from 3/15/2018 to 6/15/2019. It is found that the rate of screening is slightly elevated during the pandemic. Secondly, the rate of screening use among different demographic groups, specifically racial/ethnic groups, and gender groups during the fall of 2020 was explored. Of the 897 screenings that were completed, White completed more than 50% of them. Black students were less likely to be screened (12.2% versus 14.8%, p < .01), as were Hispanic students (3.3% versus 5%, p < .001).
Surprisingly, Asian students were more likely to complete the screening (16% versus 10.2%, p < .001). Students who identified as male were highly underrepresented among those who completed the screenings (17.5% versus 40.7% of students).
2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Vivian Truong
Young adults (18-25) have the highest prevalence (29.4%) of any mental illness and the lowest rate of receiving mental health services (38.9%; NIMH). WSU CAPS provides Wayne State students with an online mental health screening opportunity. The numbers of screenings were of interest for this project.
COVID-19 has been shown to negatively impact students’ social and academic engagement, as a result, screening usage during the pandemic was expected to increase. Additionally, the literature on gender and racial/ethnic disparities in mental health service utilization suggest that screening tools may be used less by men and underrepresented minorities. We also expected gender and racial disparities in use, despite the anonymity provided by online screening.
We examined screening use during the pandemic from 3/15/2020 to 6/15/2021 in comparison with pre-pandemic use from 3/15/2018 to 6/15/2019. It is found that the rate of screening is slightly elevated during the pandemic. Secondly, the rate of screening use among different demographic groups, specifically racial/ethnic groups, and gender groups during the fall of 2020 was explored. Of the 897 screenings that were completed, White completed more than 50% of them. Black students were less likely to be screened (12.2% versus 14.8%, p < .01), as were Hispanic students (3.3% versus 5%, p < .001).
Surprisingly, Asian students were more likely to complete the screening (16% versus 10.2%, p < .001). Students who identified as male were highly underrepresented among those who completed the screenings (17.5% versus 40.7% of students).
TickiT: an eHealth solution to the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" face to face clini...YTH
The University of British Colombia's Sandy Whitehouse describes the youth friendly mobile platform designed for a clinical setting to help youth communicate issues about their life with their provider. Presented at YTH Live 2014 session "Youth and the Clinical Encounter."
Suzanne BiehlQualitative Research ReportComposition 2March 1.docxmattinsonjanel
Suzanne Biehl
Qualitative Research Report
Composition 2
March 11th, 2014
Mental Health and Higher Education
Introduction
“The average age of onset for many mental health conditions is the typical college age range of 18 to 24 years old, said Courtney Knowles, executive director of The JED Foundation” (Tartakovsky). These mental health conditions are a result of the many stressors that students regularly face. A few of the main stressors are due to anxiety pertaining to academics, financial, and social struggles. A majority of these pressures are rooted in actual problems, but some of them are solely perceived by the individual.
The academic aspect contains some of the most apparent stressors dealt with throughout college. In order to be considered a full-time student, one must have a course load of at least twelve credits, about three to four classes. Most majors require about a hundred and twenty-five credits to graduate. This means that taking only twelve credits per semester would greatly lengthen the number of semesters spent in college. This is a great source of worry for some students.
The rising cost of higher education is another common stressor. Many college students are low on cash, this due to their young age and the fact that many are coming straight out of high school and into college without spending time in the work force. Of course even if they were financially stable college debt is almost completely unavoidable. In the U.S. during 2010-2011 the average tuition cost for public institutions was $13,297. “Between 2000–01 and 2010–11, prices for undergraduate tuition, room, and board at public institutions rose 42 percent…” (U.S. Department of Education). That cost means a lot of cash straight out of pocket or a pile of student loans to get through and obtain a degree.
Another stressor is the social anxiety and all around general anxiety that comes along with attending college. Social anxiety specifically is something to be addressed during college. With how integrated technology is into our daily lives it has become harder to establish and gain the fundamental social skills that employers are requiring. Social skills are extremely important because once out of school and into the workforce many students must interact face-to-face with clients and co-workers.
According to the data collected in a 2010 survey conducted by American College Health Association, 38% of male and 54% of female college students have felt overwhelming anxiety within the last year. Another striking statistic from the same survey states that, 30% of students have felt so depressed that it was difficult to function (ACHA). Most students will face some sort of mental health challenge before graduating. That challenge may be something temporary or even lifelong. But, what kinds of challenges are students facing? How is this affecting the people around me who are attending college? Is there a connection between attending college and students developing men ...
Running Head FINDINGS USED TO MAKE PUBLIC HEALTH PLANNING AND POL.docxcowinhelen
Running Head: FINDINGS USED TO MAKE PUBLIC HEALTH PLANNING AND POLICY DECISIONS 5
Findings Used to Make Public Health Planning and Policy Decisions
Unit 4 - HA560
March 28, 2016
There has been increased concern among policy makers, scientists and communities that health is greatly affected by a number of factors that occur in a person’s lifetime and in multi levels. Prevention is sententious to curb occurrence of any disease within the population, and it has to come first even if access to quality healthcare services is provided. To adequately promote health and prevent diseases, certain policies and factors need to be addressed mostly factors that are related to health behaviors.
Social psychology is all about understanding individuals’ behavior specifically in a social setting. Basically, social psychology focuses on factors that influence people to behave in certain ways in presence of others. The two greatest contributors in the field of social psychology were Allport (1920) and Bandura (1963). To begin with, according to Allport; he argued that the interaction of individuals with others or the presence of social groups can encourage the development of certain behaviors (Kassin, 2014). This is what Allport referred to as social facilitation, in his research he identified that an audience will facilitate the performance of an actor in a well learnt and understood task; however the performance of the same actor will decrease in performance on difficult tasks which are newly learnt, and this is contributed by social inhibition. The second contributor in the field of social psychology is Bandura (1963), in his work he developed a notion that behavior in the social world could be possibly modeled, and this is what he referred to as social learning theory. He gave his explanation with three groups of children who were watching a video where in the video an adult showed aggressiveness towards a “bobo doll” and the adults who displayed such behavior were awarded by another adult or were just punished. Therefore Bandura found that children who saw the adult being rewarded were found to be more likely to imitate that adult’s behavior.
Certain theories plays important roles in health assessment, and a theory is defined as a collection of concepts in specific area of concern or interest in the world that need explanations, intervening and prediction. Theories need to be backed up with evidence that tend to explain why things will happen in relation to current situations, and followed with some actions to turn situations in certain desirable ways. Health assessment can be defined as a plan of care that recognizes specific person’s health needs and how such needs will be addressed by healthcare system or any other health institutions (Jarvis, 2008). Generally, health assessment is the evaluation of health status through examination of physical and psychological concerns after looking at the health history of the victim assess ...
Cooperative Extension's National Focus on Health literacySUAREC
Please presentation, that was presented as a webinar focuses on the National Land-grant's role on Health Literacy. The presenters of this webinar were Dr. Sonja Koukel, New Mexico State University Extension and Dr. Fatemeh Malekian, Southern University Agricultural Research and Extension Center.
DNP-816 Analysis & Applic of Health Data for ANPSTATISTICS QUIZ.docxgreg1eden90113
DNP-816: Analysis & Applic of Health Data for ANP
STATISTICS QUIZE
1. Which of the following research designs includes both an intervention and randomization?
Group of answer choices
Grounded theory research
Non-experimental research
Time series design
Experimental research
2. What is the initial question the researcher should ask when selecting a research design for a particular study?
Group of answer choices
What is the norm in the research topic area?
What type of data analysis techniques will be used?
What instruments will be used to measure the variables in the study?
What is the primary purpose of the study?
3. Which of the following research questions is the appropriate question for a correlational research design?
Group of answer choices
What is the experience of women with hyperthyroidism and resolution of sypmtoms after treatment?
What is the relationship between amount of exercise/week and arthralgia in women with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer who are being treated with an aromatase inhibitor?
What is the prevalence of heroin addiction amongst adults ages 18-45 in the Greater Cincinnati region?
In patients undergoing a total hip arthroplasty, which of the following treatments is most effective in the decolonization of MRSA: preoperative povidone iodine or posteroperative mupirocin?
4. Match the types of quantitative research listed below with the sample study titles.
Group of answer choices
Descriptive research
Correlational research
Quasi-experimental research
Experimental research
5. Bias is a term used to indicate that data in a study are being distorted or slanted away from reality by some influencing factor. Which of the following is true about bias in research?
Group of answer choices
Instruments that are valid for measuring the identified variables are a source of bias.
The researcher can not be a source of bias in a study because he/she is in control
Preconcieved ideas about what the finding of a study will be may lead to bias in intrepreting data.
It is the same as manipulation because the researcher determines the treatment to be given.
6. Manipulation is a term used in quasi and experimental research to mean:
Group of answer choices
An underhanded strategy designed to make subject behave as the researcher wants them to.
Controlling the environment in which the research takes place
An intervention or treatment introduced by the researcher to assess its impact on the dependent variable.
The ability of the researcher to be able to handle or use the equpiment needed to collect data in the study
7. We do not know whether the pattern of results found in our samples accurately reflects what is happening in the population or if it is the result of what type of error?
Group of answer choices
Representative
Distribution
Sampling
Mean
8. Extraneous variables may be controlled by:
Group of answer choices
Using a natural clinical setting
Selecting individuals that are relatively alike in relation to var.
Prevalence and characteristics of adults with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder...BARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Results
We identified a high rate of FASD (17.5, 95% CI [9.2, 25.8%]) in this sample, and this rate could have been as high as 31.2%
with confirmation of prenatal alcohol exposure. Most participants in this study presented with significant neurodevelopmental and cognitive deficits in at least two domains of functioning, irrespective of diagnosis, with only five of 80 participants (6.3%) demonstrating no cognitive impairment.
On March 31st 2014 - following the inaugural World Bipolar Day - Dr. Erin Michalak, Associate Professor of Psychiatry, hosted a live webinar to explore findings from CREST.BD's current Delphi Self-Management study. During the webinar Dr. Michalak discussed the study's participatory methods, shared some of the demographic data and research findings from Phase 1 of the study, as well as discussed the team's experiences with using Delphi Consensus methods. We've recently launched Round 2 of our Delphi study to our 150 survey panel members. In this 30 minute webinar you'll learn more about the findings of this unique international study, how the findings will be used to improve wellness in bipolar disorder, and how to get involved in CREST.BD's community-engaged research.
Don't forget to check out the Storify from our World Bipolar Day #bipolarchat on March 30th 2014! http://sfy.co/tSZU
Running head PHD IT 1PHD IT 5Written Interview Qu.docxtodd581
Running head: PHD IT 1
PHD IT 5
Written Interview Questions: PhD IT
Student’s name
Professor’s name
Course title
Date
Phd IT
Q 1: Information technology research interests, importance, and inspiration
Information technology must not be underestimated. Organizations now recognize information technology as a first mover advantage over the competitors. The increased desire for smart cities, sophisticated robotics, and now that the society is in the information age requires technology wizards to help in the transition. Notably, increased cyber attacks reports need more research. I am interested in finding out the emerging threats and safety precautions to lend a hand in reducing losses as a result the threats. The other is data breaching. The wide embrace of electronic commerce and storage of information electronically has led to the breach of sensitive information. Studying information technology in-depth will grant insights on how to govern information. Big data is common today. I would wish to know about the analytics of big data and its applications to make sound decisions. Risk is a fact. Knowledge on enterprise risk management is essential for the management of risks. Information technology varieties reflect the need to research about the technologies for a global world. Data is becoming more complex, calling for data science knowledge.
Q 2: Reasons for selecting PhD in information technology including University of the Cumberlands
Now that the world is driven by information technology is a sign of growth. To a student, this implies increased job opportunities which is a plus if one has a doctorate degree. A doctorate person can fit in careers that require high technology such as information technology consultant, strategist, architect, director, and chief information officer over a master’s person. A PhD will therefore, grant me the theories and strategies important to become a leader in technology management. University of the Cumberlands was chosen because it has been certified by the National Security Agency as well as Homeland Security as a center of excellence in the prevention of cyber threats (University of the Cumberlands, 2018). The university also offers the chance to study online and takes into account the student’s schedule to have time for work and home.
Q 3: Strengths verses weaknesses including impacts
More research is expected of a PhD student. The ability to research and write well will be beneficial in delivering the needed content. A thinker is also required to present substantive knowledge. Sacrifice in terms of time and effort is a must to graduate within the allocated duration. I am well-prepared to pursue this study because of the focus that I have. Additionally, I have shared about my interests and goals with my mentor therefore, assured that I am in the correct field. The selected mentor is knowledgeable about information technology and will get to this person when faced by any challenge. I a.
Running head PERSONALITY INVENTORIES1PERSONALITY INVENTORIE.docxtodd581
Running head: PERSONALITY INVENTORIES 1
PERSONALITY INVENTORIES 9
Personality Inventories as Evidence of Personality
Matthew M. Rosario
University of the Rookies
May 15, 2018
Abstract
It can be difficult to understand law in relations to psychology and the way behavior can be explained in a more practical application. Unfortunately, the advancement of psychology and the perception of law are at a constant struggle with each other because law is specific and psychology is changing. Understanding how juror verdict come to be not from a lawyer standpoint by a psychological one can be beneficial as far a juror selection. Juror selection is the most important part during pre-trial services. Being able to use science to investigate juror personality in regards to personality evidence can create a new theory in psychology and law once the research begins and the length and understanding of the topic is better. This paper will outline information of my research topic.
Personality Inventories as Evidence of Personality
It can be difficult to understand law in relations to psychology and the way behavior can be explained in a more practical application. Unfortunately, the advancement of psychology and the perception of law are at a constant struggle with each other because law is specific and psychology is changing. Law does not change in theory, but psychology does which enhances psychological understanding of the world. Being able to identify juror in favor of a particlar postion during “Voir Dire” can be beneficial during legal preceedings. Voir dire is the ability to rehabilitate the jury by allowing the judge and attorney to observe and ask questions to eliminate bias jurors before selecting the final 12 jurors who will preside over the case (Erik, Marek, 2016). Unfortunately, this method can be used in order to evaluate which juror would be most benefical for a particlar lawyer during a trial. In other words, lawyers have the ability to munapluate the selction process in order to gain juror in their favor. According to Schuller, Erentzen, Vo, and Li (2015) it is the right for one to be tried by an impartial and independent jury from one’s peers, but this can be difficult when peers can be prejudice or possibly chosen by attorneys to benefit their position. At this time there is mininal psychological assessement being conducted in order to understand the jurors position outside of their biases. Because this is a new topic emerging in studies, more research needs to be conducted in order to understand the bases of trial science and the annotation of using trial consultant to create mock trials for juror selection for their advantage. Due to trial science being a new specialty this lead to the research topic can personality inventories indicate a juror verdict during trial? Many researchers concluded that juror background demographic information, education and personality could influence a juror verdict, but did not con.
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Similar to Running head PASTORAL COUNSELLING ON MENTAL HEALTH1PASTORAL .docx
TickiT: an eHealth solution to the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" face to face clini...YTH
The University of British Colombia's Sandy Whitehouse describes the youth friendly mobile platform designed for a clinical setting to help youth communicate issues about their life with their provider. Presented at YTH Live 2014 session "Youth and the Clinical Encounter."
Suzanne BiehlQualitative Research ReportComposition 2March 1.docxmattinsonjanel
Suzanne Biehl
Qualitative Research Report
Composition 2
March 11th, 2014
Mental Health and Higher Education
Introduction
“The average age of onset for many mental health conditions is the typical college age range of 18 to 24 years old, said Courtney Knowles, executive director of The JED Foundation” (Tartakovsky). These mental health conditions are a result of the many stressors that students regularly face. A few of the main stressors are due to anxiety pertaining to academics, financial, and social struggles. A majority of these pressures are rooted in actual problems, but some of them are solely perceived by the individual.
The academic aspect contains some of the most apparent stressors dealt with throughout college. In order to be considered a full-time student, one must have a course load of at least twelve credits, about three to four classes. Most majors require about a hundred and twenty-five credits to graduate. This means that taking only twelve credits per semester would greatly lengthen the number of semesters spent in college. This is a great source of worry for some students.
The rising cost of higher education is another common stressor. Many college students are low on cash, this due to their young age and the fact that many are coming straight out of high school and into college without spending time in the work force. Of course even if they were financially stable college debt is almost completely unavoidable. In the U.S. during 2010-2011 the average tuition cost for public institutions was $13,297. “Between 2000–01 and 2010–11, prices for undergraduate tuition, room, and board at public institutions rose 42 percent…” (U.S. Department of Education). That cost means a lot of cash straight out of pocket or a pile of student loans to get through and obtain a degree.
Another stressor is the social anxiety and all around general anxiety that comes along with attending college. Social anxiety specifically is something to be addressed during college. With how integrated technology is into our daily lives it has become harder to establish and gain the fundamental social skills that employers are requiring. Social skills are extremely important because once out of school and into the workforce many students must interact face-to-face with clients and co-workers.
According to the data collected in a 2010 survey conducted by American College Health Association, 38% of male and 54% of female college students have felt overwhelming anxiety within the last year. Another striking statistic from the same survey states that, 30% of students have felt so depressed that it was difficult to function (ACHA). Most students will face some sort of mental health challenge before graduating. That challenge may be something temporary or even lifelong. But, what kinds of challenges are students facing? How is this affecting the people around me who are attending college? Is there a connection between attending college and students developing men ...
Running Head FINDINGS USED TO MAKE PUBLIC HEALTH PLANNING AND POL.docxcowinhelen
Running Head: FINDINGS USED TO MAKE PUBLIC HEALTH PLANNING AND POLICY DECISIONS 5
Findings Used to Make Public Health Planning and Policy Decisions
Unit 4 - HA560
March 28, 2016
There has been increased concern among policy makers, scientists and communities that health is greatly affected by a number of factors that occur in a person’s lifetime and in multi levels. Prevention is sententious to curb occurrence of any disease within the population, and it has to come first even if access to quality healthcare services is provided. To adequately promote health and prevent diseases, certain policies and factors need to be addressed mostly factors that are related to health behaviors.
Social psychology is all about understanding individuals’ behavior specifically in a social setting. Basically, social psychology focuses on factors that influence people to behave in certain ways in presence of others. The two greatest contributors in the field of social psychology were Allport (1920) and Bandura (1963). To begin with, according to Allport; he argued that the interaction of individuals with others or the presence of social groups can encourage the development of certain behaviors (Kassin, 2014). This is what Allport referred to as social facilitation, in his research he identified that an audience will facilitate the performance of an actor in a well learnt and understood task; however the performance of the same actor will decrease in performance on difficult tasks which are newly learnt, and this is contributed by social inhibition. The second contributor in the field of social psychology is Bandura (1963), in his work he developed a notion that behavior in the social world could be possibly modeled, and this is what he referred to as social learning theory. He gave his explanation with three groups of children who were watching a video where in the video an adult showed aggressiveness towards a “bobo doll” and the adults who displayed such behavior were awarded by another adult or were just punished. Therefore Bandura found that children who saw the adult being rewarded were found to be more likely to imitate that adult’s behavior.
Certain theories plays important roles in health assessment, and a theory is defined as a collection of concepts in specific area of concern or interest in the world that need explanations, intervening and prediction. Theories need to be backed up with evidence that tend to explain why things will happen in relation to current situations, and followed with some actions to turn situations in certain desirable ways. Health assessment can be defined as a plan of care that recognizes specific person’s health needs and how such needs will be addressed by healthcare system or any other health institutions (Jarvis, 2008). Generally, health assessment is the evaluation of health status through examination of physical and psychological concerns after looking at the health history of the victim assess ...
Cooperative Extension's National Focus on Health literacySUAREC
Please presentation, that was presented as a webinar focuses on the National Land-grant's role on Health Literacy. The presenters of this webinar were Dr. Sonja Koukel, New Mexico State University Extension and Dr. Fatemeh Malekian, Southern University Agricultural Research and Extension Center.
DNP-816 Analysis & Applic of Health Data for ANPSTATISTICS QUIZ.docxgreg1eden90113
DNP-816: Analysis & Applic of Health Data for ANP
STATISTICS QUIZE
1. Which of the following research designs includes both an intervention and randomization?
Group of answer choices
Grounded theory research
Non-experimental research
Time series design
Experimental research
2. What is the initial question the researcher should ask when selecting a research design for a particular study?
Group of answer choices
What is the norm in the research topic area?
What type of data analysis techniques will be used?
What instruments will be used to measure the variables in the study?
What is the primary purpose of the study?
3. Which of the following research questions is the appropriate question for a correlational research design?
Group of answer choices
What is the experience of women with hyperthyroidism and resolution of sypmtoms after treatment?
What is the relationship between amount of exercise/week and arthralgia in women with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer who are being treated with an aromatase inhibitor?
What is the prevalence of heroin addiction amongst adults ages 18-45 in the Greater Cincinnati region?
In patients undergoing a total hip arthroplasty, which of the following treatments is most effective in the decolonization of MRSA: preoperative povidone iodine or posteroperative mupirocin?
4. Match the types of quantitative research listed below with the sample study titles.
Group of answer choices
Descriptive research
Correlational research
Quasi-experimental research
Experimental research
5. Bias is a term used to indicate that data in a study are being distorted or slanted away from reality by some influencing factor. Which of the following is true about bias in research?
Group of answer choices
Instruments that are valid for measuring the identified variables are a source of bias.
The researcher can not be a source of bias in a study because he/she is in control
Preconcieved ideas about what the finding of a study will be may lead to bias in intrepreting data.
It is the same as manipulation because the researcher determines the treatment to be given.
6. Manipulation is a term used in quasi and experimental research to mean:
Group of answer choices
An underhanded strategy designed to make subject behave as the researcher wants them to.
Controlling the environment in which the research takes place
An intervention or treatment introduced by the researcher to assess its impact on the dependent variable.
The ability of the researcher to be able to handle or use the equpiment needed to collect data in the study
7. We do not know whether the pattern of results found in our samples accurately reflects what is happening in the population or if it is the result of what type of error?
Group of answer choices
Representative
Distribution
Sampling
Mean
8. Extraneous variables may be controlled by:
Group of answer choices
Using a natural clinical setting
Selecting individuals that are relatively alike in relation to var.
Prevalence and characteristics of adults with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder...BARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Results
We identified a high rate of FASD (17.5, 95% CI [9.2, 25.8%]) in this sample, and this rate could have been as high as 31.2%
with confirmation of prenatal alcohol exposure. Most participants in this study presented with significant neurodevelopmental and cognitive deficits in at least two domains of functioning, irrespective of diagnosis, with only five of 80 participants (6.3%) demonstrating no cognitive impairment.
On March 31st 2014 - following the inaugural World Bipolar Day - Dr. Erin Michalak, Associate Professor of Psychiatry, hosted a live webinar to explore findings from CREST.BD's current Delphi Self-Management study. During the webinar Dr. Michalak discussed the study's participatory methods, shared some of the demographic data and research findings from Phase 1 of the study, as well as discussed the team's experiences with using Delphi Consensus methods. We've recently launched Round 2 of our Delphi study to our 150 survey panel members. In this 30 minute webinar you'll learn more about the findings of this unique international study, how the findings will be used to improve wellness in bipolar disorder, and how to get involved in CREST.BD's community-engaged research.
Don't forget to check out the Storify from our World Bipolar Day #bipolarchat on March 30th 2014! http://sfy.co/tSZU
Similar to Running head PASTORAL COUNSELLING ON MENTAL HEALTH1PASTORAL .docx (20)
Running head PHD IT 1PHD IT 5Written Interview Qu.docxtodd581
Running head: PHD IT 1
PHD IT 5
Written Interview Questions: PhD IT
Student’s name
Professor’s name
Course title
Date
Phd IT
Q 1: Information technology research interests, importance, and inspiration
Information technology must not be underestimated. Organizations now recognize information technology as a first mover advantage over the competitors. The increased desire for smart cities, sophisticated robotics, and now that the society is in the information age requires technology wizards to help in the transition. Notably, increased cyber attacks reports need more research. I am interested in finding out the emerging threats and safety precautions to lend a hand in reducing losses as a result the threats. The other is data breaching. The wide embrace of electronic commerce and storage of information electronically has led to the breach of sensitive information. Studying information technology in-depth will grant insights on how to govern information. Big data is common today. I would wish to know about the analytics of big data and its applications to make sound decisions. Risk is a fact. Knowledge on enterprise risk management is essential for the management of risks. Information technology varieties reflect the need to research about the technologies for a global world. Data is becoming more complex, calling for data science knowledge.
Q 2: Reasons for selecting PhD in information technology including University of the Cumberlands
Now that the world is driven by information technology is a sign of growth. To a student, this implies increased job opportunities which is a plus if one has a doctorate degree. A doctorate person can fit in careers that require high technology such as information technology consultant, strategist, architect, director, and chief information officer over a master’s person. A PhD will therefore, grant me the theories and strategies important to become a leader in technology management. University of the Cumberlands was chosen because it has been certified by the National Security Agency as well as Homeland Security as a center of excellence in the prevention of cyber threats (University of the Cumberlands, 2018). The university also offers the chance to study online and takes into account the student’s schedule to have time for work and home.
Q 3: Strengths verses weaknesses including impacts
More research is expected of a PhD student. The ability to research and write well will be beneficial in delivering the needed content. A thinker is also required to present substantive knowledge. Sacrifice in terms of time and effort is a must to graduate within the allocated duration. I am well-prepared to pursue this study because of the focus that I have. Additionally, I have shared about my interests and goals with my mentor therefore, assured that I am in the correct field. The selected mentor is knowledgeable about information technology and will get to this person when faced by any challenge. I a.
Running head PERSONALITY INVENTORIES1PERSONALITY INVENTORIE.docxtodd581
Running head: PERSONALITY INVENTORIES 1
PERSONALITY INVENTORIES 9
Personality Inventories as Evidence of Personality
Matthew M. Rosario
University of the Rookies
May 15, 2018
Abstract
It can be difficult to understand law in relations to psychology and the way behavior can be explained in a more practical application. Unfortunately, the advancement of psychology and the perception of law are at a constant struggle with each other because law is specific and psychology is changing. Understanding how juror verdict come to be not from a lawyer standpoint by a psychological one can be beneficial as far a juror selection. Juror selection is the most important part during pre-trial services. Being able to use science to investigate juror personality in regards to personality evidence can create a new theory in psychology and law once the research begins and the length and understanding of the topic is better. This paper will outline information of my research topic.
Personality Inventories as Evidence of Personality
It can be difficult to understand law in relations to psychology and the way behavior can be explained in a more practical application. Unfortunately, the advancement of psychology and the perception of law are at a constant struggle with each other because law is specific and psychology is changing. Law does not change in theory, but psychology does which enhances psychological understanding of the world. Being able to identify juror in favor of a particlar postion during “Voir Dire” can be beneficial during legal preceedings. Voir dire is the ability to rehabilitate the jury by allowing the judge and attorney to observe and ask questions to eliminate bias jurors before selecting the final 12 jurors who will preside over the case (Erik, Marek, 2016). Unfortunately, this method can be used in order to evaluate which juror would be most benefical for a particlar lawyer during a trial. In other words, lawyers have the ability to munapluate the selction process in order to gain juror in their favor. According to Schuller, Erentzen, Vo, and Li (2015) it is the right for one to be tried by an impartial and independent jury from one’s peers, but this can be difficult when peers can be prejudice or possibly chosen by attorneys to benefit their position. At this time there is mininal psychological assessement being conducted in order to understand the jurors position outside of their biases. Because this is a new topic emerging in studies, more research needs to be conducted in order to understand the bases of trial science and the annotation of using trial consultant to create mock trials for juror selection for their advantage. Due to trial science being a new specialty this lead to the research topic can personality inventories indicate a juror verdict during trial? Many researchers concluded that juror background demographic information, education and personality could influence a juror verdict, but did not con.
Running head: PHASE 2 1
PHASE 1 16
GenY Xploit Implementation Plan
Ken Wiechert
Robert Varela
Lakisha Trammel
Grand Canyon University: ENT-435
06/9/2019
GenY Xploit Implementation Plan
Innovation is a team activity that involves the intersection of different fields, bringing together diverse ideas, abilities, and/or methods that result in a physical product, a process, or a service that impacts society in a timely manner (National Academy of Engineering, 2015). It is imperative to influence innovation in an organization to stay in existence with other competitors. Before Team B can embrace the final phase of implementing a plan that will captivate the audience buy-in power there are two other phases that need to take place. Phase 1 has already been established and that is to purpose several innovative ideas to nominate for our new product along with a description of the models used to circulate an extensive evaluation of each product. Team B evaluated several innovation ideas mainly using the NOMMAR model which evaluated the customer needs, technology options, potential market, business model, realistic approach, and the relevancy (Miller Competition Series, n.d.). Phase 2 will finalize the name of a product, provide a description of the GenY Xploit gaming console, what value will it provide to our customer needs, utilizing the NOMMAR model a detailed implementation plane that that will include contingency, risks, budget, time frame, target market and visuals to increase readability and professional exploits.
GenY Xploit Gaming Console
Team B unanimously nominated the GenY Xploit gaming console for our new product. Introducing the new GenY Xploit gaming console into the market arena will give gamers a whole new jolt of gaming experience. The gaming console will introduce a unique design of software compatibility that will allow gamers to perform cross-platform gaming to compete with each other online no matter what gaming console they are using.
According to Karlsson, & Nystrom (2003), “The introduction of a new product on the market can basically be made in two different ways. A product can be either totally new to the market or it can be the result of a major change in an existing product” (p 136). The Gen Y Xploit is totally a new gaming console product that has the potential to revolutionize the gaming industry all over the world. Team B is excited and ready to establish this new gaming console to the gaming community world which we feel is hungry and ready for a new gaming console to take center stage. If that is not enough, we are confident that GenY Xploit will fulfill all their desires and needs for centuries to come. Presently, the latest marketing model for the gaming industry consists between two competitors, Microsoft Xbox One X and the Sony PlayStation 4 (PS4), even though the Nintendo Switch is a gaming system they are not equally comparable. It is time to beef up the competit.
Running head PERSONAL MISSION STATEMENT1PERSONAL MISSION ST.docxtodd581
Running head: PERSONAL MISSION STATEMENT
1
PERSONAL MISSION STATEMENT
4
Personal Mission Statement
Name
PSY/699
Instructor name
date
Personal Mission Statement
To begin with, I have set my eyes on becoming a social worker. Further, through my involvement in the realm of social work, I hope to help as many individuals as I can. For a long a time, I have exhibited immense passion and the need to come to the assistance of individuals who are grappling with a vast array of unsavory circumstances. My passion is as a result of my experiences of the suffering of many people whom I have interacted with throughout my life. Notably, the majority of these people had to contend with abuse and neglect for a long time. Moreover, my need is as a result of my comprehension of the fact that transforming the globe commences with the assistance of a just a single individual and having the ability to empathize with individuals. Having witnessed so much suffering throughout my life, I feel that it is right for me to do whatever I can to bring smiles to faces of individuals who have faced diverse challenging situations in their life. In this way, I believe that I will be able to bring much-needed positive contributions to my preferred profession.
Further, I bring various positive and unique qualities to social work, the most prominent of which include empathy, active listening, and persuasion. Firstly, empathy relates to the capability of an individual to identify with the situation in which another individual is. Undoubtedly, empathy is immensely critical in the realm of social work owing to the fact that it aids those partaking in the field to not only comprehend but also assist others in ascertaining solutions to their problems. Apart from this, active listening is equally critical in social work because it helps in establishing trust, opening doors, and coming to the discovery of important details regarding the people seeking the assistance of social workers. In this way, their unique circumstances can be understood. Additionally, the value of persuasion cannot be stressed enough, as it aids in influencing, coaxing, or inviting individuals to take action, for instance, when it comes to the transformation of client behavior.
With respect to how I see my role in the profession evolving through time, I hope that I will start working as a child welfare social worker in a hospital. I intend to offer services to children who are grappling with abuse and neglect owing to the actions of their parents. On top of this, I intend to assist children coming from families that do not earn enough income. In addition, I hope that I will become a hospital manager of child welfare five years after starting my practice of social work. Following the attainment of two to three years’ experience as child welfare social worker, on top of undergoing additional management training, I hope that I will be able to land the position. In addition, I intend to start a non-profit communit.
Running head PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENTPERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT.docxtodd581
Running head: PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT 6
Personality development
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to explain the concepts and theories of personality development. People tend to think widely about personality at the workplace, in schools, and in other social events. People place immediate focus on the personality and make judgments about shyness, helpful people. (Davis & Panksepp 2018) Personality makes each individual the way they are. Researchers in psychology and other fields have overtime in history researched how the personality of individuals developed. The development of personality refers to the organization of human behavior patterns, which brings uniqueness amongst various individuals. Many factors can result in personality changes such as the genetic factors, the environment one is living, styles of parenting, and other very important variables. The development of personality allows individuals to adopt an impressive personality and makes one be unique. Various psychologists have developed various theories that explain the development of human personality. Some of the theories of personality development include the psychodynamic theory, neural biological theory, the traits theory, and cognitive theory. (Rohsenow & Pinkston-Camp 2016)
Psychodynamic theory
The development of personality takes place through a certain series of stages. Each of these stages has unique conflict features in psychology. The development of human personality is developed from a number of components of the human mind. Feud believed that the three components include the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is concerned with the question "want to do that now," it is characterized by the gratification of certain basic needs and has an aspect of urgency. The superego places focus on some essential rules and morals in society. This is closely related to the commonly referred to as the human conscience. The development happens as individuals grow from childhoods to adulthood. The ego is mainly rational and part of our inner personality. A number of psychologists have criticized the feuds ideas about personality development and have rather applied the effect that the child's environment and their culture affect the development of their personality. (Rohsenow & Pinkston-Camp 2016)Alfred explored and developed a very comprehensive theory of psychodynamic personality.
The psychologists focused on the strong drive, which compensates for inferiority feelings. He developed the idea of an inferiority complex which described a situation where an individual lacks their worth and perceive themselves below the standards of other people in the society. Erickson was another psychologist who was very instrumental in the development of psychological development theory. (Brandes 2019) He argued that the development of the human personality was based on t.
Running Head PERSONAL NURSING PHILOSOPHY 1PERSONAL NURSING P.docxtodd581
Running Head: PERSONAL NURSING PHILOSOPHY 1
PERSONAL NURSING PHILOSOPHY 2
Personal nursing philosophy
Student name
Professor
Course
Date of submission
This paper focuses more on nursing paradigms that are comprised of four key elements. These factors include persons/clients, health, environment, and nursing, where each is subjected to own theoretical connotation and has an essential role in enhancing and promoting healthcare. In this regard, the paper outlines and contrast approaches and is in line with these four approaches in efforts to attain modern health care. Various theories in this regard try to give a vivid description of the environment and critical role in healthcare. All the stakeholders are therefore supposed to collectively work together as one of attaining a competitive advantage, healthcare and create a conducive work plan that total defense potential alignment of healthcare. This theory creates a personal definition that applies to the scenario in an exemplifying the applicability in the nursing processes (Warren W. Tryon, 2019).
In my analysis and interpretation, Person metaparadigm focuses more on recipient care and the patient. This facet extends and encompasses factors such as culture, personal spiritual aspects, family friends, and the associate economic status. This fact has been proved by a research hat outlined that the current world view of nursing has existentialism and humanism transcendence, which are based on their own interpretation and perception. The nature of intensive care that is acceded to a patient in some cases is based on the personal attribute and predetermined forces that surround one self. The third part is always crucial in attaining healthcare through could and proviso of essential secondary services that help in the healing processes. This is a closely associated environment metaparadigm; it deals with both external and external factors that relate to competent and reliable patient care. Some of the factors that are defined in this phase include interacting with patients, which changes the cognitive perspective of the subject. Visitors, as well as surrounding, are vital factors that can be used to determine and offer the best services to a patient (Saul McLeod,, 2015).
Am sure that nurse and the integrated practices of theories have established s scope and level of abstraction that has developed a proper framework through the nursing situation. Through capacity building a convinced that nurse intervention is the road map of attaining all phenomena and goals of universal healthcare. In this case, the use of cognitive theory appliance is predominating, arguing that intellectual structure and processes must be followed. The nurse must, therefore, attain a high degree of competency through the use of one's thought, interpretation of the environment, and correct assumption. In my opinion, this is the most critical aspect that requires professional input to attain effective, effi.
Running Head PHILOSOPHICAL WORLDVIEW1PHILOSOPHICAL WORLDVIEW.docxtodd581
Running Head: PHILOSOPHICAL WORLDVIEW 1
PHILOSOPHICAL WORLDVIEW 2
Philosophical Worldview
Kathy Greggs
Liberty University
05/27/2020
1. Which philosophical worldview most closely aligns with your perspective and the way that you view problems in the world? How so?
The approach in which we view greatly affects the approach in which we take for research purposes. I did not have that idea until I read the philosophical worldview and gained a detailed comprehension of that it involves. From this knowledge, I have found out that from the four philosophical worldview one that closely aligns with my perspective and my view of problems in the world is the pragmatic technique. This is because my approach of viewing and handling issues is based on the experience of the vice theory. Based on pragmatic view, reality exist as physical realities, psychological and social realities that involve subjective experience and perception, language, and culture. Knowledge is based on reality of the world and our experiences (Petersen, & Gencel, 2013).
2. How does understanding the connection between philosophical worldview and research methodology assist in your research approach?
The capability to associate philosophical world views to various research methodologies is essential to me. It aids in making it easier to focus on main issue of research thus making the right decision on the type of data collection methods to be used and the type of data analysis to be used. It is essential to note that the connection between the philosophical worldview and the research approach available since it will aid in defining if I implement the quantitative method or the qualitative approach. Based on the research carried out by Robson and McCarran (2016), the quantitative approach is basically focuses on the natural sciences and numerical data; as the qualitative approach is based majorly on non-numerical data and believed to be better suited for social research on individuals. Nevertheless, as pragmatist both approaches could be implemented based on my perspective or basic consensus.
3. Compare/contrast research philosophical worldview with that of a Christian worldview. Are there any areas that are problematic, or do most philosophical worldviews appear to be congruent with a Christian worldview?
A world view is a way in which we comprehend life and the world as well as the reality. The Christian worldview is a great conceptualization of the world based on a Christian view. Based on the philosophical worldviews, positivism according to me of the only one that is problematic to a Christian word view since it disclaims invisible theoretical concepts (Robson & McCarran, 2016). Post-positivism is a new worldview that tends to replace positivism and it is in line to the Christian worldview since it takes into consideration the uncertainties that positivism rejects. The other approaches are inline to the Christian world view since they are more open to the social n.
Running Head PHIL WORKSHOP1PHIL WORKSHOP 2.docxtodd581
Running Head: PHIL WORKSHOP 1
PHIL WORKSHOP 2
Phil Workshop
Name:
Institutional Affiliation:
Phil Workshop
One
According to Kant’s theory, the wrongness or rightness of actions do not rely on their outcomes but on if they tend to fulfill our responsibilities. Kant believed that there has to be a supreme guideline when it comes to morality which he mentioned to be the categorical imperative. Kant mentioned that when looking at categorical imperative, he believed that whether actions are wrong or right relies not on their consequences although on if an individual fulfils their duties (Bowie, 2002). In the philosophy according to Kant, there are diverse aspects that we learn up to date. These include: ethics, utilitarianism, among others (Winch, 2015). The limitations of this aspect are however somewhat severe. According to research, most philosophers tend to know much about several topics although they do not have any tangible mastery of a particular subject in a thorough way (Hossieni, et.al, 2016).
Both Aristotle and Kant argued that an action was classified to be moral it got to be partaken with a moral result in mind. Aristotle breaks with Kant and believes that there are not such things as the Forms or Eidos which are permanent and eternal and real. Whatever feelings one is subjected to, determines how they develop. It is better that we understand the definition of personifications.
Two
FGM, that is, female genital mutilation is a concept which denotes all the processes that involve total or partial removal of parts of the exterior female genitalia or maybe causing other injuries to the organs for non-medical or cultural reasons. According to a report by the World Health Organization on 31st January, 2018, FGM has no health benefits for women and girls. In addition, it is a violation of the women’ and girls’ violation (Reisel & Creighton, 2015). When it comes to the morals and ethical aspects of FGM, there ought to be a reasoned public dialogue regarding how well to get rid of harmful aspects of the mutilation of female genitals via laws, policies and education.
Also, debate is supposed to get encouraged in diverse academies dealing with bioethics on how medical specialists could fulfil both their moral and ethical duties in the acknowledgement of the religious traditions when it comes to their patients. Goodness is whatever promotes the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. This is because not all actions are morally acceptable despite the positive consequences attained. John Mill explained that the greatest happiness is the pleasure and lack of pain. Happiness is the end desirable thing that either brings pleasure or is a means of pleasure. In that case, FGM is clearly an unethical issue.
When looking at ethical relativism, the theory tends to hold a morality which is relative towards the norms of an individual’s culture. That is, if an action is wrong or right relies upon the moral norms of the c.
Running head PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION-EXISTENCE OF GOD .docxtodd581
Running head: PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION-EXISTENCE OF GOD 1
PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION-EXISTENCE OF GOD 2
Student's name: Emmanuel Domenech
Professor's name: Dr. Tina Wood
Topic: Stage 1: Choosing your Philosophical Question
Institution: University of Maryland University College
Date: April 14, 2019
Final Project Stage 1: Choosing your Philosophical Question
Week Four: Philosopher: Thomas Aquinas, Primary Text: Summa Theologica, Part 1, Question 2, Article 1-3
Q1. Does God really exist?
I am highly interested in supporting the philosophy because it has been a debate that has existed for some millennium. God has been the cause of conflict and the reason for peace in some parts of the world. People who find a reason not to believe in him have always been secluded from the rest. Also, those who trust in him have been seen as hypocrites since their mistakes judge them. This is a philosophy that is interesting since it brings about the relationship between socioeconomic and political aspects of human beings in relation to the influence of a supernatural being. I would like to know that God exists in our world and this starts with the materials presented by the Philosophy of Aquinas. I would not want to choose a side and sound bias, but I would like to use facts to present my findings.
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RUNNING HEAD PERSONAL BRANDING ACTION PLANPERSONAL BRANDING ACT.docxtodd581
RUNNING HEAD: PERSONAL BRANDING ACTION PLAN
PERSONAL BRANDING ACTION PLAN 2
PERSONAL BRANDING ACTION PLAN
NAME
MAY 2019
I) Keywords that best describe myself
a) Strategist
b) Motivator
c) Fitness Consultant
d) Talent enabler
II) Passions and Values
a) Passions
i) Community Service
ii) Healthy and mental fitness living
iii) Mentorship
b) Values
i) Commitment
ii) Integrity
iii) Resilience
III) Value Proposition
I am a servant to my clients. I am entrusted with a task that is vital in personality development. It is paramount that my deeds and speech emulate my training. I am open to criticism and take up challenges easily. This position carries a responsibility to be a custodian of values as well as instill them to those I rub off shoulders with.
IV) Personal Branding/Networking Goals
Develop a blog and post tips twice a week.
Attend organized empowerment talks and apply to become one of the speakers.
Engage in online forums and social media chat rooms.
V) Elevator Pitch
Did you know it takes the average person just two seconds to look at a company logo and decide if they like it? Being a personal trainer, I can tell you for a fact that people judge you as fast as they would with a logo. I am interested in building inter-personal skills as well as maintaining one’s mental fitness. My passion is coming up with unique ways to help my clients express themselves by what they say, do and wear. I would be thrilled to help you achieve your personal goals.
References
How to Give an Elevator Pitch (With Examples). (n.d.). Retrieved from Indeed Career Guide: https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/interviewing/how-to-give-an-elevator-pitch-examples
The Definitive Guide to Personal Branding. (n.d.). Retrieved from Brand Yourself: https://brandyourself.com/definitive-guide-to-personal-branding
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Running head PERFORMANCE1PERFORMANCE2Case Scena.docxtodd581
Running head: PERFORMANCE 1
PERFORMANCE 2
Case Scenario
Case Scenario
The most striking point in this scenario is that the union’s collective bargaining covenant has “decoupled compensation from performance” (Hale, 2007). This means that the worker performance cannot be incentivized through benefits and compensation. This results to the assumption that without anything to gain it would be meaningless to appraise the performance of the workers. Besides, even from the union’s perspective, having performance metrics in hand, especially if they are trending up, can only strengthen their position at the next negotiation of the collective bargaining agreement.
However, it is also clear that the HR director erred in deciding to evaluate the effectiveness of the performance appraisal process by indexing that supposed effectiveness to the number of managers who adopted the process. That metric is useful only if the frequency of adoption is a proxy for gains in performance, a line of reasoning in need of clarification and exposition. One way for the HR director to flesh this out would be to obtain an understanding of why some managers were adopting the new performance appraisal process and why some were not. If the municipality’s managers are in fact concerned with the performance of their units, the survey would presumably point to ways the managers think the new process helps or does not help them get a handle on the productivity of their employees. The advantage of this would be that the survey would provide invaluable feedback, with which the performance appraisal process could be tweaked to address the concerns of the non-adopters and build upon the positives as seen by the adopters. The takeaway is that it is not entirely correct to assert that “the number of managers using the form has no bearing on productivity” (Hale, 2007) – the number of managers adopting the new process could serve to evaluate the process’ effectiveness, but only with some auxiliary development.
As Hale points out, the most straightforward metric for determining the value of the new appraisal process would be to measure “whether performance had improved” (Hale, 202). But, perhaps just as clearly, there seems to be something wrong with the reasoning implicit in that response. It seems shortsighted to apply the broad desideratum of improved performance to the seemingly more fundamental prerequisite initiative of becoming better able to measure performance (Hale, 2007).
Assuming many additional criteria are required to evaluate the value of the HR director’s new appraisal process. Given that the ‘industry’ in question is a municipality, relevant productivity and people performance metrics are to be found in, for example, time-at-task, attainment of objectives, and rework. For example, if the municipality receives a call about a broken water line, the time-at-task involved in repairs, the successful repair, any need for rework, plus response time, all repr.
Running Head PERTINENT HEALTHCARE ISSUE1PERTINENT HEALTHCAR.docxtodd581
Running Head: PERTINENT HEALTHCARE ISSUE 1
PERTINENT HEALTHCARE ISSUE 2
Analysis of Pertinent Healthcare Issue
Students Name:
Institutional Affiliation:
Impact of increasing cost in a health organization
Introduction
The cost of receiving healthcare service is becoming a serious national healthcare concern. It has been established that the United States spend more on healthcare, in relation to the national income than any other industrialized nation. However, achieving minimum cost means having to make certain hard compromises which have never been easy. For example, low expenditure on research and development, limitation in terms of the choices of health coverage or healthcare providers and having to wait for long before using new technologies. The health system has gone through a series of transformational changes that has seen the cost of healthcare provision sky-rocket. The most affected are among the 41 million uninsured Americans who are unable to cater for the cost of insurance as well as the underinsured whose coverage program cannot cater for their overall health needs. The major catalyst behind the rising cost of healthcare has been; the rising number of aging population that take great benefit from the technologies created for lengthening life span, lifestyle choices like adoption of sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy eating habits resulting to obesity and cardiovascular disorders among others.
Cost impact on health organization.
Increasing cost has impacted the national health organization/system in so many ways. The impacts are not only experienced by the patients but the providers, employers, payers (insurance bodies) and even other employees within the health organization. Firstly, an array of transformational changes has been made i.e. payment transformation where a shift has been made from volume-based (fee-for service payment) which has high cost implications to value-based models and also the development of primary care in attempt to counter increasing cost. The turnover of healthcare providers has also faced a fair share of cost impact. The providers burdened by the feeling of denying patients services due to inability to cater for cost or lack of insurance loses meaning of services and morale to continue with the service. Consequently, advancement in training and education improve the providers’ patient service and more enhanced application of Evidence-Based practice appears costly and unaffiliated hence promoting low morale. Morbidity and mortality cases has been on the rise. Advanced technology used in diagnosis/treatment of serious medical conditions has become expensive and some of them are not covered by the insurance (core payments) hence late interventions taken after serious damage. The is also an indication of lowered patient engagement as far healthcare decision making is concerned since patients with financial challenge have limited options and are sometimes forced to comply with the physici.
Running head Patient Safety and Risk Management in Dental Pra.docxtodd581
Running head: Patient Safety and Risk Management in Dental Practice: Are There Enough
Guidelines? An Evaluative Study on The Existing System in a Dental College of Riyadh 1
Patient Safety and Risk Management in Dental Practice: Are There Enough Guidelines? An
Evaluative Study on The Existing System in a Dental College of Riyadh
Introduction
While it is essential to the practice of healthcare professionals to concern about patient
safety, it is relatively current that it has been transformed into a specific body of knowledge and
therefore patient safety may be considered as a relatively ‘innovative’ discipline. Its core ideas
are to prevent the occurrence of avoidable adverse events (errors, complications and accidents)
accompanying the practice of healthcare and to reduce the impact of unavoidable adverse events.
This is a simple definition for the multifaceted, complexed nature and many key elements in the
practice of patient safety. There are economic, financial, social, cultural and organizational
matters of a patient safety environment that makes it unpractical to simply define it as the
practicing safe health care or protecting patients from harm by health care professionals. It is
essential for all health care professionals and health care organizations to become more
acquainted with the overall framework of patient safety, to dynamically contribute in hard work
to apply patient safety procedures in everyday practice and to create a culture of patient safety
culture (Yamalik & Perea Pérez, 2012).
There is a constant concern and interest in dentistry for matters related to patients and
practicing safe and quality care in the everyday dental practice. Yet, like other health
professions, more attention is given to patient related matters and safety-related matters
(Yamalik & Dijk, 2013).
Furthermore, there is an emerging professional consideration of risk management, patient
safety and handling errors. Rather than hiding them, errors are now understood as learning
material and by that, the number of publications on dental errors are increasing. As an example,
Patient Safety and Risk Management in Dental Practice: Are There Enough Guidelines? An
Evaluative Study on The Existing System in a Dental College of Riyadh 2
prescribing errors in dental practice is a potential ground for development in the medication
management process and patient safety (Yamalik & Dijk, 2013).
An empirical data on the attitudes of dental professionals and dental auxiliaries about the
reporting of medical errors was collected in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia by Al-Nomay et al., (2017),
most respondents (94.4% of them) expressed that medical errors should be reported. Yet, insights
of the norm, personal preferences and existing practices regarding which type of error should be
reported were inconsistent. Only 17.9% of respondents perceived that reporting errors that results
in.
Running head PayneABUS738001PayneABUS738001.docxtodd581
Running head: PayneABUS738001
PayneABUS738001
Human Resource Management and Employee Turnover
BUS-7380 Qualitative Business Research Design and Methodology
Week 1
Amenia Payne
Dr. Lawrence Ness
May 17, 2020
Introduction to Problem
How an organization along with its performance is affected by human resource management (HRM) policies that play an important role in the organization for performance and growth of employees and organization is a widely discussed topic (Boudreau 1991; Jones& Wright, 1992; Kleiner 1990). Different sources contend that work rehearses that advance superior, for example, exhaustive representative enrollment and choice methods, motivator pay, and execution the executives frameworks, and broad worker inclusion and preparing, will in general upgrade the capacities of a company's present and future representative's information, aptitudes, inspiration, just as the maintenance of value workers (Jones and Wright, 1992; U.S. Division of Labor, 1993). The human asset strategies of the association will be in general assistance +7. The year 2006 was the year when HR managers noticed that were approximately 46% and considered employee turnover their top post priority in workforce and organization and that took the peak from 2012 that was 25% in that year.
Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) explained that it has different causes for lessening employee turnover ought to be imperative for any association that involves (1) employee turnover can turn out to be exorbitant rapidly, (2) undesirable turnover influences the presentation of any association, (3) as the accessibility of talented representatives diminishes, it will turn out to be progressively hard to hold looked for after workers. According to a study, it was analyzed that employee turnover can be too costly that annually it can shoot up to 200% of annual salaries that is a great loss for organizations caused mainly due to turnover. Now with these staggering figures, it is very difficult for organizations today to fully understand the concept of employee retention and turnover and how to decrease the overall process and how to handle turnover (Mayhew, 2019). Similarly, trained employees and loyal workforce of the organization get replaced with new employees that take additional time to get trained hence organizations face a loss of time along with loss of resources and money (Iqbal, 2010). Employee turnover should only be done when it is essential for any organization to replace existing employees with new talent and that will only be done when organizations know that this turnover will give benefit and growth to the organization (Meyer, 2011). Employee turnover has termed as a risky choice as it involves the major risks in any organization for current and future project implications by human resource management (Iqbal, 2010).
An organization’s business strategic plans for execution should be contingent on current and potential employees. Throu.
Running head NURSING RESEARCH 1NURSING RESEARCH 7.docxtodd581
Running head: NURSING RESEARCH 1
NURSING RESEARCH 7
Nursing Research
Student's Name
Institutional Affiliation
Nursing research
Obesity and Weight Management Programs
Introduction to the Problem
The problem under investigation in this research is the issue of obesity and weight management. This topic was selected because it the issues is affecting many people today around the world and most significantly in the United States. Thousands of people worldwide are dying from obesity and overweight related illnesses such as diabetes, cancer, high blood pressure among many others (Obesity & weight control: Health risks, weight loss & bariatric surgery, n.d.). Therefore, it has a huge impact on the healthcare system since it has increased the problems that healthcare professionals and facilities are facing. Hospitals are now congested mainly due to diet related illnesses, obesity being at the top of the list, which causes short staffing due to the increasing patients numbers relative to providers’ numbers. The providers, especially nurses, may then suffer from burnout and thus affecting the quality of care that they provide. Several weight management programs have then been created in order to tackle the serious problem of obesity. Therefore, conducting a proper research on obesity and weight management programs is very crucial since it will help in providing in-depth understanding of the whole issue and thus useful in developing and implementing ways that can curb the problem by proper implementation of these programs. This will improve the conditions of healthcare facilities and eventually the quality of care provided.
The Problem
The problem is obesity and weight management programs. Obesity is a medical condition that occurs when an individual has excess body fat or weight that might have some significant effect on his or her health (Hu, 2008). On the other hand, weight management is the process of embracing long-term lifestyle modification to keep a healthy body weight on depending on the age, gender, and height of an individual. They include methods such as eating heathy food and increasing the levels of physical activity. Weight management programs are then the initiatives that are created in controlling the weight of individuals in order to control such conditions as obesity. Managing one’s weight through these programs is very important part of their health because they avoid being overweight and obese to reduce the risks of medical conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and stroke. The intake of diet considered unhealthy, lack of physical exercise and practicing unhealthy lifestyles such as too much intake of alcohol, smoking may lead to increase in weight, and thus a person is considered overweight. This is when the body contains too much body fat above the required amount. Obesity then occurs after being overweight when the calorie intake of a person goes higher than the amount of energy that .
Running head PERCEIVED BENEFITS AND BARRIES ON MMR VACCINE 1 .docxtodd581
Running head: PERCEIVED BENEFITS AND BARRIES ON MMR VACCINE 1
Perceived Benefits and Barriers about the MMR Vaccine among the Parents of a Pediatric
Population in South Florida
Florida International University
PERCEIVED BENEFITS AND BARRIES ON MMR VACCINE 2
Background
According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 1 in 4 people
in the United States will be hospitalized and one out of every 1,000 people with measles will
develop brain swelling that could lead to brain damage. Given the possible severity when
obtaining Measles, the CDC recommends to protect children against measles by obtaining a
vaccine that provides enduring insurance against all strains of measles (Measles, 2018). The
Measles, Mumps, and Rubella vaccine (MMR) is administered in two doses in order to prevent
an individual from obtaining one of those diseases. The first dose was given to children when
they are about 13 months old, which offers 90 to 95% protection against those diseases. The
second dose increases those protection odds to become 99%, which is administered before a
child turns five years old. In order for the vaccine to be immune in our system, we need to
achieve at least 95% of immunity to those diseases (Gardner, 2010).
Side effects of MMR vaccine
There is for all intents and purposes no medication without reactions. Gentle symptoms of MMR
vaccine include the following: fever, mild rash, and swelling of the glands in the cheeks or neck.
Moderate reactions include: febrile seizures, brief joint inflammation, and impermanent
thrombocytopenia. Serious side effects of MMR vaccine are amazingly uncommon, but can
include serious allergic responses. Other serious side effects are rare to the point that it is
difficult to recognize whether they are caused by the vaccine, which includes: deafness, long-
term seizures, coma, lowered consciousness, and lasting brain damage (Mahmić-Kaknjo, 2017).
PERCEIVED BENEFITS AND BARRIES ON MMR VACCINE 3
Barriers
Obtaining immunization has been viewed as one of the best general wellbeing accomplishments
of the twentieth century for their job in killing smallpox and controlling polio, measles, rubella,
and different irresistible ailments in the United States. Regardless of their adequacy in
forestalling and destroying illness, routine youth vaccine take-up remains problematic. Parent
refusal of immunizations has added to flare-ups of vaccine preventable infections, for example,
measles and pertussis (Maglione, 2014). Late episodes of measles in the United Kingdom and
United States have awoken reestablished worry about vaccination dismissal. The rate of
vaccination take-up has fallen. Individuals' view of vaccine protection and effectiveness has
appeared to be an imperative factor for immunization take-up that, in the meantime, can spread
between people (Medus, 2014).
Research has shown that guardians' frames of mind .
Running Head PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1PATHOPHYSIOLOGY5.docxtodd581
Running Head: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 5
Pathophysiology
Student name
School
Instructor
Date
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a joint inflammatory disorder that can, at times, extend the effects to other body organs like lungs and blood vessels; The condition complicates the body's immune system with the advancement of the symptoms( explain types of symptoms) and citation needed(>>>>>>>>) Patients suffering from RA are prune to severe conditions that may arise as the condition matures. patients have distinct symptoms expressed outwardly based on the level and stage of the inflammatory disorder, some of which are similar to those expressed by the patients in the case study. The condition is not hereditary or family born but thought to result from genetic risk factors such as…… (citation needed) The patient in the case study was aware that increased inflammatory could result in the highlighted symptoms and thus presented them to identify whether they were emanating from the condition or any other source of infection.
Identify the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.
A variety of gene pairs are associated with the RA condition as significant risk factors. The causative genes to the condition are suspended in the immune system function ( citation). Change in human Leukocyte antigen genes (HLA) in the significant contributor to Rheumatoid Arthritis ( citation needed). The genes, RLA-DRB1, are highly associated with triggering the Rheumatoid Arthritis condition. It is associated with the production f body proteins. The HLA proteins assist the immune system in distinguishing immune proteins and those proteins produced by body invaders like viruses (Soo P, n.d). Variation in other genes has a little impact on the condition ( citation needed).
Explain the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems.
Immunosuppression is a process that subdues the human immune system to individuals undergoing organ transplants or those with autoimmune conditions like Rheumatoid Arthritis(>>>>>>>>). The process involves administering drugs to ensure that the immune system does not repel the organs being transplanted (McCance & Huether, 2019). The physicians must first carry an examination of different body organs them makes a prescription to the patient. After the examination, a strict medical plan or therapy session is created, which patients should stickily follow. During the process, the doctor monitors the patients effectively on a close observation. Immunosuppression has different side effects in the body, some of which arise due to the drugs ( citation needed). The effects include; decrease in bony density, a decrease in muscle functioning, effect on the operation of muscle fiber, which reduces muscle protein production and cases of hyperglycemia and severe diabetes. The effects get controlled through regular exercise. This paragraph should lead to the 4th or next paragraph this p
Invasiv.
Running head PART C MARKETING PLAN YOUR COMPANY NAME 111.docxtodd581
Running head: PART C: MARKETING PLAN YOUR COMPANY NAME 1
11
PART C: MARKETING PLAN 2
Part C: ABC Marketing Plan (Change to your name of business here)
Your Name
MKT500 Marketing Management
Strayer University
Dr. Lisa Amans
Date submitted
Introduction (note this is not bold)
Describe or list the feedback you received on Part B of your marketing plan. Do not just list the feedback. Explain how you will use the feedback to improve your plan.
Next, re-introduce your company you shared in Part A/B.
Lastly, review what you will share; pricing and distribution strategy; integrated marketing communications; plan, public relations, sales promotion, and personal selling plan; competitive analysis; online and direct marketing plan; and social responsibility/cause related marketing plan.Pricing and Distribution Strategy
Write an introduction here. Minimum of three sentences.
Develop the company’s pricing and distribution strategy. Suggestion, use elements from Discussion Week 7 to help you with this section.
Pricing Strategy
Text starts here (pricing strategy should be in comparison to your competition – example, do you plan to do a penetration or skim strategy? Relate this to your readings and learnings from textbook, page 180-183).
Distribution Strategy
Text starts here (discuss how customers will buy, are you multi-channel? Omnichannel? What is your logistics and supply chain management strategy (i.e., who are your vendors and how will you interact with them, will you use wholesalers, will you have dealers/retailers)? Do not confuse the way you market to a customer as a distribution channel. Distribution is how a customer will buy, i.e., the path to purchase; it is not advertising. Distribution strategy is your route to market. Are you online, brick-and-mortar, reselling to retailers, using wholesalers, what is your supply chain management, vendors?Integrated Marketing Communications
Write an introduction here. Minimum of three sentences.
Develop the integrated marketing communications plan most relevant for your product / service and audience. This section has many points, be thorough.
Message Strategy
Develop your message strategy. How do you plan to be consistent with your traditional and social media choices?
Media Strategy
Develop your media strategy. What are your media choices and how will you use them. What is your rationale for your choices and why are they relevant to your target market. Public Relations, Sales Promotion, and Personal Selling Plan
Write an introduction here. Minimum of three sentences.
Develop your public relations, sales promotion, and personal selling plan most relevant for your product / service and audience. Introduction of this section here; minimum three sentences.
Public Relations Plan
Text here. Think about how you can use press releases on new product introductions or news to share with the public.
Sales Promotion Plan
Text here. Most familiar uses of sales promotions are couponin.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
Running head PASTORAL COUNSELLING ON MENTAL HEALTH1PASTORAL .docx
1. Running head: PASTORAL COUNSELLING ON MENTAL
HEALTH 1
PASTORAL COUNSELLING ON MENTAL HEALTH 36
Pastoral Counseling on Mental Health
Student’s Name
Course
Institutional Affiliation
Pastoral Counseling on Mental Health
Chapter 4 Results4.1 Introduction
In this chapter, the researcher is going to present the results and
findings obtained from the research. The primary objective of
the study was to find out the effects of pastoral counseling on
mental health. The researcher conducted a research survey to
obtain the relevant data that was required to achieve the
research objective. The data collection tool that was used in this
study was a survey questionnaire that contained a total of 21
questions. The design of the questionnaire was in line with the
specific objectives of this study. This chapter will present the
respondents' background information, and the findings obtained
from the analysis in line with the research objectives.
4.2 Data Analysis
Descriptive statistics were used in the discussion of the findings
of the research. The results were explained using percentages.
2. The target respondents of the study were sampled using simple
random sampling. However, the primary target sample was that
of people who had experienced some form of mental health at a
certain point in their lives. The primary criterion for sampling
was that the individual participant must have attained the age of
18 years and above.
4.3 Response Rate
Herein the response rate is the total number of people who
completed the survey correctly and met the requirements of the
researcher. In this study, a total of 106 participants completed
the study. Before the survey was conducted, the respondents
were taken through the details of the survey before they could
give consent or decline. The reason they were chosen to take
part in the study was that they were members of the Deliverance
Center for all Nations Church and that they were of 18 years
and above.
Further, they were informed of the candidate undertaking the
research. Additionally, the researcher told the respondents that
the objective of the study was to find out whether the church
members sought pastoral counseling as a remedy for addressing
mental health issues and whether pastoral counseling had a
positive impact on the organization. The respondents were made
aware that there was no benefit whatsoever of taking part in the
research, and it was voluntary. The potential risks that the
respondents would experience in the study were made known to
them, which were the same risks one would encounter in their
daily lives. The participants were informed that the information
they gave would be confidential, and no one else will access
them apart from the researcher. Possible contacts were availed
to the respondents in case they intended to contact a third party
regarding the research.
Once the participants had been taken through the details, they
were asked whether they were willing to proceed with the
survey or skip it. The results are as indicated in table 4.3 below.
Answer Choices
Responses
3. Yes, please begin the survey.
99.06%
105
No, I would like to exit the survey
0.94%
1
Answered
106
Skipped
0
Table 4.3: The survey response rate table
In Table 4.3above, out of the 106 participants, 105 of them
clicked that they were ready to proceed with the survey, which
indicated a 99.06% response rate. Only one of them clicked skip
the survey but later proceeded to complete it, making the
response rate 100%. The response rate was way above the
acceptable response rate of 80% in the school of Pharmacy
surveys and the 60% response rate acceptable in general surveys
(Fincham, 2008). Therefore, since the response rate was within
the margin of the acceptable response rate, the results obtained
in this survey are reliable and relatively conclusive.
4.4 Personal Information of the Respondents
The researcher intended to understand the personal details of
the respondents. However, the respondents were requested to
provide personal information that was relevant to the objective
of the study.
4.4.1 Respondents Gender
The respondents’ gender was relevant in the study in classifying
the results based on gender. The respondents were asked to
reveal their gender, and the results are as indicated in the table
4.4.1 below.
What is your gender?
Answer Choices
Responses
4. Female
84.91%
90
Male
15.09%
16
Answered
106
Skipped
0
Table 4.4.1: A table indicating the respective gender of the
respondents.
From the table above, all 106 respondents answered this
question. 90 out of the 106 respondents were female, while 16
were male. This data was in tandem with the baseline
expectations. It was expected and anticipated that the females
would be more than the males. Many studies conducted have
shown that women are at a higher risk of developing mental
health issues compared to men (KVRGIC et al., 2013; Malhotra
& Shah, 2015). The reason why women are more likely to suffer
from mental health issues is that they are often exposed to
emotional problems and extremely stressful situations (KVRGIC
et al., 2013). Therefore, the gender difference in the
respondents was the best for reliable and conclusive results.
When the above information is plotted on a graph, the following
figure 4.4.1 was obtained.
Figure 4.4.1: A graph of the gender distribution of the
respondents
From the graph above, the percentage of the respondents that
were female was 84.91%, while the men were only 15.09%.
4.4.2 Level of Education of the Respondents
The researcher sought to find out the level of education of the
respondents to determine the different categories of people the
5. respondents were based on education status. Education level
was a crucial statistic in this study because several types of
research have indicated that there is a close correlation between
education levels and mental health. Higher educational levels
lead to advancement in skills and awareness, which reduces the
probability of a person to develop mental health issues
(Halpern-Manners et al., 2016). The results obtained from the
respondents on their levels of education are as indicated in the
table 4.4.2 below.
What is your highest level of education?
Answer Choices
Responses
Some high school
21.70%
23
College graduate
32.08%
34
Graduate degree or beyond
26.42%
28
Some postgraduate education
19.81%
21
Answered
106
Skipped
0
Table 4.4.2. A table of the respondents' levels of education
From the table above, 34 respondents were college graduates,
28 respondents had a graduate degree, 23 of them had some high
school education, and the last 21 of them had some postgraduate
education. In terms of educational levels, the sample
respondents were well distributed, with at least all categories of
6. education levels being represented. When the above information
is plotted on a graph, figure 4.4.2 below was obtained.
Figure 4.4.2. A graph of the education levels of the respondents
From the graph above, a majority of the respondents were
college graduates who were 32.08% of the total respondents,
26.42% of them had a degree or beyond, 21.07% of them had
some high school education. The last 19.81% had some
postgraduate education.
4.4.3. Ethical/Racial Background of the Respondents
The racial background of the respondents was essential in this
research. The baseline data from various studies have indicated
that mental health problems, especially depression, were more
prevalent on the racial minorities considered as immigrants in
the United States as compared to the native Americans
(Budhwani et al., 2014). For example, Black or African
Americans comprise 13.2% of the entire US population. Yet,
over 16.2% of them, which translates to approximately 6.8
million persons, have been diagnosed with mental health within
the past one year (Mental Health America, 2018). Therefore, the
racial statistic was crucial in this study. Table 4.4.3 below
indicates the various races or ethnic backgrounds of the
respondents.
What is your Ethnic/Racial background?
Answer Choices
Responses
American Indian or Alaska Native: A person having origins in
any of the
original peoples of North and South America (including Central
America), and who maintains tribal affiliation or community
attachment.
0.00%
0
Asian: A person having origins in any of the original people of
the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian Subcontinent, for
example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia,
7. Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam.
0.94%
1
Black or African American: A person having origins in any of
the Black racial groups of Africa.
84.91%
90
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander: A person having
origins in any of the
original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific
Islands.
0.94%
1
Hispanic or Latino: A person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican,
South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin,
regardless of race
4.72%
5
White: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of
Europe, the
The Middle East, or North Africa
5.66%
6
N/A
2.83%
3
Answered
106
Skipped
0
Table 4.4.3 A Table of the different racial backgrounds of the
respondents.
From table 4.4.3 above, 90 of the respondents, which comprised
a majority of the respondents, were of black or African
8. American origin. Only six respondents were of white descent.
Five were Hispanic, or Latino 3 did not know their race or were
not ready to disclose it; there was one native Hawaiian or other
Pacific Islander, one Asian, and zero American Indian or Alaska
Native. The data met the baseline expectations since a majority
of the Black or African Americans reported mental problems at
some point in their lives as exhibited by different studies and by
the Mental Health America.
When the above data was plotted on a graph, the following
results in figure 4.4.3 were obtained.
Figure 4.4.3. A figure of the racial background of the
respondents
From figure 4.4.3 above, 84.91% of the total respondents were
of Black or African American origin. 5.66% were whites, 4.72
were of Hispanic or Latino origin, 2.83% did not reveal their
races, 0.94% were of Asian descent, another 0.94 were of
Hawaiian or other Pacific Islands origin, and there was no
American Indian.
4.5 Findings of the Study
The respondents were of diverse traits, including gender,
education level, and from the different racial background. The
three features above have been linked to mental health problems
by various researchers. Therefore, the researcher intended to
find out the respondents had been victims of the same issue. If
yes, the researcher wanted to find out further whether they
sought help from pastoral counseling.
4.5.1 Victims of Mental Health Issues
The researcher wanted to find out the respondents had been
diagnosed with a mental health problem before. The research
question used to instigate the responses was whether the
respondents had struggled with any mental health problem at
their level. The results obtained from this research question are
as indicated in table 4.5.1 below.
Have you ever personally struggled with mental illness of any
kind?
9. Answer Choices
Responses
Yes, and it was diagnosed
24.00%
24
Yes, but it was never diagnosed
24.00%
24
No
51.00%
51
N/A
1.00%
1
Answered
100
Skipped
6
Table 4.5.1. A table showing the number of respondents who
have ever experienced mental problems.
From the table above, 51 respondents indicated they had never
been victims of any mental problem before, 24 respondents
stated that they had experienced mental health issues before.
Still, they were not diagnosed, and 24 more respondents
indicated they experienced mental health issues before, but they
were never diagnosed. This question did not apply to one of the
respondents. Additionally, six respondents skipped the question
and did not provide their answers. In total, 48 respondents out
of 106 had experienced a mental health condition before, while
only 51 had not. Upon representing the above information on a
graph for visualization, the figure 4.5.1 below was obtained.
Figure 4.5.1. A figure of the percentage of respondents that had
experienced mental health issues
10. The results of figure 4.5.1 above indicate 51% of the
respondents had not experienced a mental health problem by the
time the survey was being conducted. 24% of them had
experienced a mental health condition, and it was diagnosed by
healthcare personnel. Besides, 24% had experienced a mental
health issue before, but it was never diagnosed. The question
did not apply to 1% of the respondents.
In total, the percentage of respondents who had experienced a
health issue was 48%, while the percentage of the respondents
who had never experienced a health issue was 51%. Translating
this result into the real-world environment, it could mean that
48 out of 100 Americans have experienced a mental health
issue. Since 84.91% of the respondents were black. Converting
this value to 100, it becomes 84.94 people of Black or African
American origin. When this value is multiplied by 48% (the
percentage of respondents who experienced mental health issues
before), it translates to 40.77. Therefore, it can be concluded
that in every 85 black or African American origin, 41 of them
have struggled with mental illness.
4.5.2 Respondents who sought help from a Psychiatrist
Once it was established that some of the respondents had
experienced mental health problems at some point, the
researcher went ahead to find the next cause of action that was
taken by these respondents. The researcher wanted to find out
the number of respondents who visited a psychiatrist for help
with their mental condition. The following table 4.5.2 shows the
results.
Have you ever seen a psychiatrist as a treatment option for your
mental health concerns?
Answer Choices
Responses
Yes
22.00%
22
No
69.00%
11. 69
N/A
9.00%
9
Answered
100
Skipped
6
Table 4.5.2. A table showing the number of respondents who
visited a psychiatrist for help with their mental health issues.
From table 4.5.2 above, 69 respondents indicated that they did
not seek the advice of a psychiatrist. In contrast, 22 of them
stated that they sought the help of a psychiatrist regarding their
mental health condition. Nine respondents indicated that this
question did not apply to them, while the remaining six did not
answer the question at all. The above information is represented
on the figure 4.5.2 below.
Figure 4.5.2. A figure of the percentage of respondents who
visited a psychiatric for help with their mental health condition.
From figure 4.5.2 above, 69% of the respondents indicated that
they did not see a psychiatrist as a treatment option for their
mental health concern, 22% of the respondents stated that they
saw a psychiatrist for their mental health problem. In
comparison, 9% indicated that the question did not apply to
them. A total of 6 respondents did not answer this question,
which makes the total number of respondents on this particular
question to be 100. Out of the 100 respondents, 84.91 were of
Black or African American origin. Since 22% of respondents
saw a psychiatrist for help with their problem, this could mean
that a total of 18.68 Blacks or African Americans saw a
psychiatrist for help. Therefore, it means that out of 85 Blacks
or African Americans, only 19 of them saw a psychiatrist for
help.
12. 4.5.3 Respondents who sought help from a psychologist
The researcher wanted to find out the number of respondents
who sought help from a psychologist regarding their mental
health problems. Table 4.5.3 below represents the number of
respondents who sought help from a psychologist.
Have you have seen a psychologist as a treatment option for
your mental health concerns?
Answer Choices
Responses
Yes
21.00%
21
No
68.00%
68
N/A
11.00%
11
Answered
100
Skipped
6
Table 4.5.3. A table of the number of respondents who sought
help from a psychologist.
From table 4.5.3 above, 100 respondents answered this question,
while six respondents did not. The respondents who sought help
from a psychologist regarding their mental health condition was
21. Respondents who did not seek the help of a psychologist
were 68, while those who indicated that this question did not
apply to them was 11. The information was represented in
figure 4.5.3 below.
Figure 4.5.3. A figure of the percentage of respondents who
13. visited a psychologist for help with their mental condition.
From figure 4.5.3 above, the total number of respondents was
100 since 6 of them skipped the question. The percentage of
respondents who sought the help of a psychologist regarding
their mental health condition was 21%. The respondents who
did not seek the help of a psychologist regarding their mental
health condition were 68%, while 11% of the respondents
indicated that this question did not apply to them. Therefore the
number of Black or African Americans who sought help from a
psychologist regarding their mental health was (11% * 84.91) =
9.3. These statistics indicate that out of 85 Blacks or African
Americans, only 9 of them will seek help from a psychologist
regarding their mental health.
4.5.4 Types of Mental Health Problems
The researcher wanted to find out the number of respondents
who had suffered from various types of mental illness. The
results are as indicated in the table 4.5.4 below.
“Have you ever been diagnosed by a medical or psychological
professional with any of the following conditions?”
Answer Choices
Responses
Anxiety Disorders
26.00%
26
Bipolar Disorder (Manic-Depressive Illness)
4.00%
4
Delusions
1.00%
1
Depression
28.00%
28
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
2.00%
14. 2
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
9.00%
9
Other
2.00%
2
None
57.00%
57
N/A
4.00%
4
Answered
100
Skipped
6
Table 4.5.4. A table of the different types of mental disorders
suffered by the respondents
The researcher intended to find out the number of respondents
who experienced different categories of mental health diseases.
From the table 4.5.4 above, the total number of respondents who
answered this question was 100 after six of the respondents
skipped it. Of the 100 respondents, 57 of them indicated that
they had not been diagnosed with any mental health problem by
a medical or psychological professional. Twenty-eight
respondents stated that they had been diagnosed with
depression. Twenty-six of them indicated that they had been
diagnosed with anxiety disorders. In comparison, 9 respondents
had been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD.
Four of them had had bipolar disorder (manic-depressive
illness). Two of them had been diagnosed with obsessive-
compulsive disorder (OCD), an additional two had suffered
other types of mental health illnesses that were not indicated in
15. the table; only one had suffered from delusions. In contrast, 4
of them suggested that this question did not apply to them. The
researcher represented this information on a graph for
visualization, and the results are as indicated in figure 4.5.4
below.
Figure 4.5.4. shows the respondents who were diagnosed with
various mental illnesses by a medical professional or a
psychologist.
From figure 4.5.4 above, the total number of respondents who
answered this particular question was 100, with six of the
skipping it. Out of the 100 respondents, 57% of them indicated
they had not been diagnosed with any mental health problem by
a medical or a psychological professional. 28% indicated that
they had been diagnosed with depression, and 26% indicated
that they had been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. 9% of
them had been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder,
4% with bipolar disorder, while another 4% indicated that this
question did not apply to them. 2% of them indicated that they
had been diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder. In
comparison, an additional 2% had been diagnosed with other
types of mental health issues apart from the ones mentioned
above. It is only 1% of the respondents that had been diagnosed
with delusions.
4.5.5 Respondents’ Current Status of Mental Illness
The researcher wanted to find out the current status of the
mental illness of each respondent to determine whether they
obtained adequate help or not. The results obtained from the
respondents are as illustrated in table 4.5.5 below.
“How would you describe your current status with your mental
illness?”
Answer Choices
Responses
Very Stable
38.00%
38
16. Somewhat Stable
42.00%
42
Somewhat Unstable
8.00%
8
Very Unstable
2.00%
2
N/A
10.00%
10
Answered
100
Skipped
6
Table 4.5.5. A table of the current status of the mental illness of
the various respondents.
In the table above the total number, the total number of
respondents who answered the question were 100 since six of
them skipped it. Forty-two of them indicated that their current
status of mental illness was somewhat stable. Thirty-eight
indicated that they were very stable; ten respondents indicated
that this question did not apply to them; eight respondents
indicated that they were somewhat unstable. Two indicated that
they were very stable. For better visualization, the researcher
plotted the above information on a graph, and the results are as
indicated in figure 4.5.5 below.
Figure 4.5.5. A figure of the current status of the mental illness
of the various respondents.
From figure 4.5.5 above, 42% of the respondents indicated that
the current condition of their mental illness was somewhat
stable, 38% stated that they were very stable, 10% of them
17. indicated that this question did not apply to them, 8% indicated
that they were somewhat stable. The remaining 2% indicated
that their current status of mental illness is very stable.
4.5.6 Acute Mental Illness and Ability to Understand
Redemption
The researcher intended to find out whether acute mental illness
hindered the respondents from understanding redemption. The
results of these questions are as indicated in table 4.5.6 below.
“My acute mental illness made/makes it difficult to understand
redemption.”
Answer Choices
Responses
Strongly agree
5.00%
5
Agree
10.00%
10
Neither agree nor disagree
20.00%
20
Disagree
16.00%
16
Strongly disagree
20.00%
20
N/A
29.00%
29
Answered
100
Skipped
6
18. Table 4.5.6. A table of how acute mental illness impacted the
respondents' ability to understand redemption.
In the table 4.5.6 above, the total number of respondents who
answered this question was 100 since six of them skipped it.
From the 100 respondents, 29 of them indicated that this
question did not apply to them; 20 respondents said that they
strongly disagree, meaning that their acute mental illness did
not make it difficult for them to understand redemption.
Another 20 respondents said that they neither agree nor
disagree. Sixteen respondents disagreed, indicating that their
acute mental illness did not hinder their comprehension of
redemption. A total of 10 respondents agreed to say that their
acute mental illness made it difficult for them to understand
redemption. In comparison, ten respondents strongly agreed that
their acute mental illness made it difficult for them to
understand redemption. The total number of respondents who
claimed that their acute mental illness made it difficult for them
to understand redemption was 15. The above information was
plotted on the figure 4.5.6 below.
Figure 4.5.6. A figure of how acute mental illness affected the
ability of the respondents to understand redemption
From figure 4.5.6 above, 29% of the respondents indicated that
the question did not apply to them. 20% of them strongly
disagree, and another 20% of them indicated that they neither
agree nor disagree, 16% of the respondents disagree, and 10%
agreed to indicate that acute mental illness made it difficult for
them to understand redemption while 5% strongly agreed. The
total percentage of the respondents who agreed that acute
mental illness made it difficult for them to understand
redemption was 15%, which was a significant percentage.
4.5.7 Acute Mental Illness and Christine Spiritual Success
The researcher wanted to find out whether the respondents
believed that Christine, with an acute mental illness, was able to
succeed even if the illness was not treated. The results of the
respondents are as indicated in table 4.5.7 below.
19. “I believe a Christian with an acute mental illness can succeed
spiritually even if the illness has not been treated.”
Answer Choices
Responses
Strongly agree
14.00%
14
Agree
18.00%
18
Neither agree nor disagree
23.00%
23
Disagree
25.00%
25
Strongly disagree
10.00%
10
Don’t Know
10.00%
10
Answered
100
Skipped
6
Table 4.5.7. A table of the respondents' belief on acute mental
illness and Christine spiritual success.
From the table 4.5.7 above, the total number of respondents was
100 after six respondents skipped the question. Of the 100
respondents, 25 of them disagreed, 23 of them neither agreed
nor disagreed, 18 of them agreed, 14 strongly agreed, 10 of
them strongly disagreed, another ten respondents were not
aware. The total number of respondents who agreed that
20. Christians with an acute mental disability could succeed
spiritually even if the illness had not been treated was 32, while
those who disagreed were 35. When the above information was
represented on a graph, the results were as indicated in figure
4.5.7 below.
Figure 4.5.7. A figure of the respondents' understanding of
whether a Christian with an acute mental illness could succeed
spiritually even without treating the disease.
From the table above, 25% of the respondents disagreed, 23% of
them neither agreed nor disagreed, while 18% agree, some 4%
of the respondents strongly agreed, while 10% of them strongly
disagreed while the last 10% were not aware. Therefore, the
total percentage of the respondents that agreed that a Christian
with an acute mental illness could succeed spiritually even if
the disease has not been treated was 32%. In comparison, those
who disagreed were 35%. Hence, a majority of the respondents
disagreed with this statement, which could infer little faith or
absence of adequate evidence to back up the account.
4.5.8. Whether acute mental illness weakened the respondents’
efforts to live like a Christian
The researcher intended to find out whether acute mental illness
undermines one's efforts to live as a Christian. The researcher
posed this question to the respondents, and the results obtained
are as indicated in the table 4.5.8 below.
“My acute mental illness weakens my efforts to live like a
Christian.”
Answer Choices
Responses
Strongly agree
6.00%
6
Agree
8.00%
8
21. Neither agree nor disagree
15.00%
15
Disagree
26.00%
26
Strongly disagree
17.00%
17
N/A
28.00%
28
Answered
100
Skipped
6
Table 4.5.8 A table of the relationship between acute mental
illness and one's efforts to live like a Christian.
In the table 4.5.8 above, the total number of respondents was
100 since 6 of them skipped the question. When the respondents
were asked whether they think that one’s acute mental illness
weakened their efforts to live like a Christian, 28 respondents
indicated that the question did not apply to them. The number of
respondents who disagreed was 26, while 17 strongly disagreed.
The number of respondents who neither agreed nor disagreed
was 15. The number of respondents who agreed was eight, while
those who strongly agreed were 6. The total number of
respondents who agreed was 14, while those who disagreed was
43. Therefore, a majority of the respondents disagreed that their
acute mental illness weakened their efforts to live like a
Christian.
4.5.9. Respondents who sought Pastoral Counselling as a
Treatment Option for Mental Health Concerns.
22. The researcher wanted to find out how many respondents had
ever sought pastoral counseling as a treatment option for their
mental health problems. The results are as indicated in the table
4.5.9 below.
Have you ever sought pastoral counseling as a treatment option
for your mental health concerns?
Answer Choices
Responses
Yes
15.05%
14
No
84.95%
79
Answered
93
Skipped
13
Table 4.5.9. A table of the number of respondents who sought
pastoral counseling as a treatment for their mental health
concerns.
In the table 4.5.9 above, the total number of respondents who
answered the question were 93 while 13 respondents skipped it.
Thirteen respondents indicated yes they had sought pastoral
advice as a treatment option for their mental health concerns,
while 79 of them said no. 14 was a significant number of
respondents, even though it was still shallow. When the results
were plotted on a graph, figure 4.5.9 …
Use inductive reasoning to predict the next number in the list.
23. A store orders cases of tomato sauce from a warehouse. The
following bar graph shows the number of cases of tomato sauce
in the warehouse for the
first four months of a year.
Using inductive reasoning, how many cases of tomato sauce will
be in the warehouse in May?
cases
4, 1, 3, 0, 2, −1, 1, ?
ℹ
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The following table shows the distance a rock has fallen after
24. various amounts of time.
Time (seconds) 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
Distance (feet) 0 4 16 36 64 100 144 196 256
Using inductive reasoning, will the distance the rock has fallen
after 4.5 seconds be less than or more than 316 feet?
less than 316 feet
more than 316 feet
Michael, Clarissa, Reggie, and Ellen are attending Florida State
University (FSU). One student is a computer science major, one
is a chemistry major, one
is a business major, and one is a biology major. From the
following clues, determine which major each student is
pursuing.
1. Michael and the computer science major are nextdoor
neighbors.
2. Clarissa and the chemistry major have attended FSU for 2
years. Reggie has attended FSU for 3 years, and the biology
major has
attended FSU for 4 years.
3. Ellen has attended FSU for fewer years than Michael.
4. The business major has attended FSU for 2 years.
computer science ---Select---
chemistry ---Select---
business ---Select---
25. biology ---Select---
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The following graph shows the total amount spent (in millions
of dollars) on pets in the United States for the years shown.
Between which two years was the increase in the amount spent
on pets the greatest?
2007 and 2008
2008 and 2009
2009 and 2010
26. 2010 and 2011
2011 and 2012
2012 and 2013
2013 and 2014
2014 and 2015
2015 and 2016
2016 and 2017
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The following line graph shows the decline in the value of a car
that was originally purchased for $35,000 after each year of
ownership.
(a) Between which two consecutive years did the car decrease in
value the most?
year 0 and year 1
27. year 1 and year 2
year 2 and year 3
year 3 and year 4
year 4 and year 5
(b) At the end of 4 years, is the value of the car less than or
more than one-half of its original value?
less than one-half
more than one-half
A standard red brick weighs about 4 pounds. A pallet of bricks
contains 400 bricks. Would a truck rated to carry a load of one
ton (2,000 pounds) be
able to haul a pallet of bricks?
Yes
No
ℹ
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A pharmaceutical company has a new procedure to test whether
a person's immune system is reacting properly to the mumps
antigen. The test is given
to 1,000 people, 200 of whom are known to have the mumps
antigen. The results are shown in the following Venn diagram.
(a) Using the Venn diagram, complete the following table.
Positive Test Negative Test
Person Has Mumps Antigen
Person Does Not Have Mumps Antigen
(b) How many false negatives occurred?
(c) Write a sentence that describes a false positive in the
context of this test.
There were cases in which there was a ---Select--- and the
person did ---Select--- the mumps antigen.
(d) How many true negatives occurred?
30. ℹ
24 176 81
719
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Write the negation of both of the following.
(a) Some cars are not fuel efficient.
All cars are not fuel efficient.
Some cars are fuel efficient.
No cars are fuel efficient.
Some cars are not fuel efficient.
All cars are fuel efficient.
(b) Every parakeet is a bird.
No parakeet is a bird.
No parakeet is not a bird.
31. Some parakeets are birds.
Every parakeet is a bird.
Some parakeets are not birds.
Determine whether the sentence is a proposition.
Saturn is not a planet in our solar system.
The sentence is a proposition.
The sentence is not a proposition.
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TEACHER
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32. Determine whether the sentence is a proposition.
Would you like coffee or tea?
The sentence is a proposition.
The sentence is not a proposition.
A college finds that of the 851 students taking math, 575
students are business majors and 302 students are taking math
and are business majors.
How many students are math or are business majors?
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33. Use an Euler diagram to determine whether the argument is
valid.
Choose the Euler diagram that shows whether the argument is
valid or invalid.
Is the argument valid or invalid?
valid
invalid
No wizard can yodel.
All lizards can yodel.
∴ No wizard is a lizard.
ℹ
ℹ
ℹ
ℹ
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34. Use an Euler diagram to determine whether the argument is
valid.
Choose the Euler diagram that shows whether the argument is
valid or invalid.
Is the argument valid or invalid?
valid
invalid
All sandwiches are good.
All good sandwiches have pastrami.
All sandwiches with pastrami need mustard.
∴ All sandwiches with mustard are good.
ℹ
ℹ
ℹ
ℹ
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TEACHER
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Use an Euler diagram to determine whether the argument is
valid.
All Italian villas are wonderful. Some wonderful villas are
expensive. Therefore, some Italian villas are expensive.
Choose the Euler diagram that shows whether the argument is
valid or invalid.
Is the argument valid or invalid?
valid
invalid
ℹ
ℹ
ℹ
ℹ
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Identify the antecedent and consequent for the following two
propositions.
(a) If I practice my accent, I will sound more like a native
speaker.
antecedent ---Select---
consequent ---Select---
(b) It is necessary to make a 20% down payment to secure a
loan on this house.
antecedent ---Select---
consequent ---Select---
Determine the truth-value of the conditional proposition.
If dogs are mammals, then cats are reptiles.
True
False
Consider the following conditional proposition.
If dogs are mammals, then cats are reptiles.
In the statement above, "dogs are mammals" is called the ---
Select--- and "cats are reptiles" is called the ---Select--- .
37. The antecedent is ---Select--- and the consequent is ---Select---
.
Determine the truth-value of the given conditional.
True
False
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TEACHER
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Write a sentence that explains why the argument is a fallacy.
By rejecting community involvement, you are rejecting values
such as cooperation and entrepreneurship.
appeal to ignorance
post hoc
appeal to emotion
slippery slope
red herring
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39. Chapter 1
Introduction
Despite the controversial relationship between religion
psychology, and psychiatry, individuals refer to spiritual
practices to cope with stressful life events. There is an
increasing awareness in the connection of spirituality and
religion’s influence in mental health. Prior studies indicate that
clients who seek pastoral counseling also address spirituality
and religion in their therapeutic conversations, spirituality and
religion is essential to many individuals in the United
States.[footnoteRef:1] [1: Walker Kathryn Reid, Tammy H.
Scheidegger, Laurel End, and Mark Amundsen. "The
Misunderstood Pastoral Counselor: Knowledge and Religiosity
as Factors Affecting a Client’s Choice." VISTAS, March 23,
2012, 1-16. Accessed February 23, 2019.
https://www.counseling.org/knowledge-center/vistas/by-
subject2/vistas-spirituality/docs/default-
source/vistas/vistas_2012_article_62.
]
The adverse effects that untreated mental health
problems have on the society and economy can affect everyday
life for individuals causing discomfort to the individual, family
members or care takers. Psychological disorders such as severe
depression affects the daily life of the individuals, family
members, and it could also have influence on their friends.
There are many treatment options readily available for
individuals suffering from ailments such as anxiety, depression,
suicide, and substance abuse, which were recognized to be
successful. Typical therapy options include interpersonal
psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, psychodynamic,
and existing therapy.[footnoteRef:2] Among most worldwide
mental health issues, depression ranks the most common mental
health issue in areas such as the UK and is center focus of
research that explores the connection between spirituality and
40. mental health.[footnoteRef:3] Prior evidence examines the
relationship between populations which demonstrates
quantitative measures of the reduced level of anxiety in areas
such as anxiety or stress when joined with spiritual
techniques.[footnoteRef:4] [2: Abdaleati, Naziha S.,
Norzarina Mohd Zaharim, and Yasmin Othman Mydin.
"Religiousness and Mental Health: Systematic Review
Study." Journal of Religion and Health 55, no. 6 (2014): 1929-
937. doi:10.1007/s10943-014-9896-1.
] [3: Cornah, Deborah. The Impact of Spirituality on Mental
Health A Review of the Literature A Review of the Literature.
Mental Health Foundation. 2006.
https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/sites/default/files/impact-
spirituality.pdf.
] [4: Cornah, The Impact of Spirituality on Mental Health A
Review of the Literature A Review of the Literature. 7.
]
Some research suggest that many pastoral counselors are
only trained to accommodate spiritual issues which include
particular faith traditions, while individuals believe pastoral
counselors have little expertise with psychotherapeutic
theories.[footnoteRef:5] Preferably, highly religious clients aim
towards counselors who firmly mirror same religious values.
Furthermore, increased levels of reported religiosity result in
stronger reactions to spiritual mechanisms of counselor
descriptions. Additional research is required in the recent years
to evaluate the perceptions of individuals, counselors, and the
functions that pastoral counseling contributes in cohesively to
psychotherapeutic counseling. [footnoteRef:6] Research
provides a contrast between pastoral and psychotherapeutic
counseling; however, more clarification and investigative
studies are essential to further demonstrate the outcomes of
pastoral counseling. [5: Walker, Scheidegger, End, and
Amundsen, The Misunderstood Pastoral Counselor: Knowledge
and Religiosity as Factors Affecting a Client’s Choice, 3.
41. ] [6: Brian K. Jackson, “Licensed Professional Counselors’
Perceptions of Pastoral Counseling in the African American
Community,” Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling:
Advancing Theory and Professional Practice through Scholarly
and Reflective Publications 69, no. 2 (2015): pp. 85-101,
https://doi.org/10.1177/1542305015586773, 85.
]
The church’s role in caring for members of the
community with acute mental illness is crucial as statistics
prove that individuals with the diagnosis is continuing to rise.
Recently, mental health clinicians and psychiatrists recognized
the relevance of spirituality and religion as an integrated
experience on the delivery of mental health services.
[footnoteRef:7] Religious beliefs and counseling affect mental
health outcomes and can be used as combined coping
mechanisms for individuals with acute mental illnesses. The
collaboration efforts of the church such as the resources offered
in religious communities’ and the support to loved one’s from
family members in the church, provide a robust treatment option
for individuals by limiting barriers and aiding victims in many
mental ailments such as substance abuse. [footnoteRef:8] While
findings propose the possibility of practical collaboration
between clinicians, Church, and health care organizations,
barriers are formed. [footnoteRef:9] [7: Warren A. Kinghorn,
“American Christian Engagement With Mental Health and
Mental Illness,” Psychiatric Services 67, no. 1 (2016): pp. 107-
110, https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201400542, p.107)] [8:
Kinghorn, American Christian Engagement with Mental Health
and Mental Illness, 107.] [9: ]
Ministry Context
While a collaborative approach is necessary, are
members of the church and the community actively seeking
support to mediate mental health issues? Support given to
42. individual from the clergy, pastor, or religious congregational
members is widely considered a key mediator between both
spiritual and mental health[footnoteRef:10]. Mental health
affects a wide range of demographics extending from the middle
east, Australia, to the western civilization. Among these,
African American’s mental health is impacted by a wide range
of factors, some which consist of social issues, homelessness,
physical health issues, and unemployment.[footnoteRef:11]
African Americans are less likely to seek mental health
counseling from professionals compared to any other majority
ethnic group.[footnoteRef:12] According to the U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services, only 15.7% of all
African Americans diagnosed with a mood impairment actually
seek counseling from a professional and 12.6% of African
Americans diagnosed with anxiety are seeking
treatment.[footnoteRef:13] Barriers to seeking treatment are
present in African Americans as they consist of social stigmas,
the denial of symptoms, cultural norms, and social
norms.[footnoteRef:14] Although African Americans are not
proactively seeking professional counseling by an licensed
psychotherapist, research is revealing some evidence that
African Americans’ are reaching out to church based ministries
for treatment for mental health issues.[footnoteRef:15] Spiritual
researchers approaching this topic are taking a holistic
approach, evaluating the way individuals view their spiritual
worldview, while exploring cognitive, emotional , interpersonal,
emotional, and behavioral components. The elements of
religiosity are increasingly discussed in psychiatry as studies
show religious individuals appear to improve coping skills and
abilities with severe mental disorders alongside with reducing
suicide attempts.[footnoteRef:16] [10: Cornah, The Impact of
Spirituality on Mental Health A Review of the Literature A
Review of the Literature. 7.
] [11: Avent, Janee R., Craig S. Cashwell, and Shelly Brown-
Jeffy. “African American pastors on mental health, coping, and
help seeking.’ Counseling and Values 60, no. 1 (2015): 32+.
43. Academic OneFile (accessed April 6,
2019).http://link.galefroup.com.ezprozy.liberty.edu/apps/doc/A4
11334409/AONE?
] [12: Avent, Janee, Cashwell, and Brown-Jeffy, African
American pastors on mental health, coping, and help seeking,
32.
] [13: Avent, Janee, Cashwell, and Brown-Jeffy, African
American pastors on mental health, coping, and help seeking,
32.
] [14: Avent, Janee, Cashwell, and Brown-Jeffy, African
American pastors on mental health, coping, and help seeking,
32.
] [15: Jackson, Licensed Professional Counselors’ Perceptions
of Pastoral Counseling in the African American Community, 86.
] [16: Jones, Simon, Keith Sutton, and Anton Isaacs.
"Concepts, Practices and Advantages of Spirituality Among
People with a Chronic Mental Illness in Melbourne." Journal of
Religion and Health 58, no. 1 (July 28, 2018): 343-55.
doi:10.1007/s10943-018-0673-4. 345.
]
Problem Presented
The research performed will examine a representative sample of
members from Deliverance Center for all nations church to
determine how many members underwent or currently
undergoing pastoral counseling as a treatment option of acute
mental illnesses and what their outcomes are. The results from
this research is not directly beneficial to the subjects but will
offer awareness and expertise, bridging the knowledge gap.
Statistical analysis will support each hypothesis as stated:
H1: There is a positive correlation between the subjects’ mental
health outcome and pastoral counseling session received.
H2: There is no correlation between the subjects’ mental health
outcome and pastoral counseling session received.
Purpose Statement
The purpose of this quantitative descriptive research study on
44. the relationship between pastoral counseling on mental health is
to gain a better understanding of the relationship between
pastoral counseling and mental health. The specific aims of this
study are (1) to add to prior findings in order to determine
whether majority of the population of individuals are actually
seeking pastoral counseling as a treatment option; (2) determine
within that population whether pastoral counseling has a
positive outcome on individuals with acute mental ailments.
Research is aimed at understanding the integration of pastoral
counseling and mental health, active practicing pastoral
counselors, and whether pastors can serve as educators to
mitigate care plans for individuals with acute mental illnesses.
[footnoteRef:17] Recent data suggests there is an increasing
number of individuals diagnosed with an acute mental illness.
[17: Cheney, Gregory J. “Integrating Pastoral and Clinical
Identities: A Narrative Inquiry of Pastoral Counselors.” Journal
of Pastoral Care & Counseling72, no. 3 (September 2018): 172–
79. doi:10.1177/1542305018792357. 172.
]
Basic Assumptions
The subjects included in the study will answer the interview
questions in a concise, honest manor limiting bias. The
researcher assumes the subjects participating in the survey are
Christian, limiting nonfaith-based world views that will present
research bias. The inclusion criteria of the sample are
substantial, therefore, assures all subjects have experienced
similar phenomenon of the study. Subjects have a sincere
interest in participating in the research study and do not present
altered motives such as using this study to impress their pastor
or gain benevolence offering.
Definitions
This section specifies effective definitions for several
45. referenced key terms
Acute Mental IllnessAcute mental illness is characterized by
significant and distressing symptoms of a mental illness
requiring intervention such as treatment. This can be a person’s
first experience, repeated episode, or worsening in symptoms.
[footnoteRef:18] [18: "Mental Health Definitions." Mental
Health Definitions | St. Joseph's Health Care London. January
22, 2019. Accessed February 05, 2019.
https://www.sjhc.london.on.ca/mental-health-care/definitions. 1
]
Anxiety Disordersformerly called neuroses, they are
characterized by an excessive level of anxiety, developing in
some patients to episodes of panic. [footnoteRef:19] [19:
Mental Health Definitions, 1.
]
Bipolar Disorder (Manic-Depressive Illness) A mental state
described by intense mood swings, depression alternating with
manic behavior. [footnoteRef:20] [20: Mental Health
Definitions, 1.
]
DelusionsThese are false beliefs which are not grounded in
reality. [footnoteRef:21] [21: Mental Health Definitions, 1.
]
Depressionis a biological illness altering brain chemistry that
can progress to a state of morbid and extreme sadness, despair
and hopelessness. [footnoteRef:22] [22: Mental Health
Definitions, 1.
]
Obsessive-compulsive disorder OCDIndividuals with OCD are
constantly plagued by fears or thoughts “obsessions” that cause
them to perform certain routines or rituals “compulsions”.
46. [footnoteRef:23] Post-traumatic stress disorder PTSDis a
condition that develops following a traumatic or terrifying event
in which individuals affected are often left having lasting or
frightening thoughts which can lead to emotional detachment.
Examples of such events include sexual or physical assault, a
natural disaster, or the unexpected death of a loved one.
[footnoteRef:24] [23: Mental Health Definitions, 1.
] [24: Mental Health Definitions, 1.]
Psychotherapeuticcounseling is described by rules that prevents
any personal relations in the therapeutic bond for both parties
involved. This type of counseling is characterized by
consideration of two types of unconscious subtleties,
conveyance and counter- conveyance.[footnoteRef:25] [25:
Avent, Janee, Cashwell, and Brown-Jeffy, African American
pastors on mental health, coping, and help seeking, 87.]
Symptom Attribution
Symptom attribution represents one’s beliefs about the possible
causes of the symptoms. Researchers argue that when people
face physical, cognitive, or emotional symptoms, they try to
place the symptoms in well-defined categories and to label them
as psychological, physiological, or normalizing (i.e.,
nonharmful) in nature. [footnoteRef:26] Symptom attribution
has a significant role in determining the course, the clinical
presentation, and the outcome of the illness[footnoteRef:27].
People who attribute their symptoms to a medical condition are
likely to focus on their physiological sensations, to seek help
from medical professionals, and to actively search for other
medical symptoms. In contrast, people who attribute their
symptoms to a mental condition are likely to seek the help of
mental health professionals and to look for a constellation of
psychological symptoms. To date, the roles of psychological,
physiological, and normalizing symptom attributions in
explaining group differences in help-seeking behaviors have not
been explored. [26: Liat Ayalon and Michael A. Young,
47. “Racial Group Differences in Help-Seeking Behaviors,” The
Journal of Social Psychology 145, no. 4 (2005): pp. 391-404,
https://doi.org/10.3200/socp.145.4.391-404, 391.] [27: Ayalon
and Young, Racial Group Differences in Help-Seeking
Behaviors, 392.]
Statement of Limitations
Every attempt is made to limit researcher bias during the
implementation of this project; however, responder bias can still
occur given the contextual matter of the subject. Research has
been limited to churches only with positive intent that the
churches included in this study will comply with instructions set
in this study to prevent responder bias. The researcher’s
ethnicity, personal ministry locality, denominational affiliation
delimited research restrictions.
Thesis Statement
Research insinuates that license professional counselors
intellectualized pastor’s role concerning the church. These
perceptions are denounced by several factors that separate the
two professions: unfulfilled training, deprived communications,
and fallacy related to the level of professionalism in the church.
Pastoral Counseling equips ministers with skills and practices
which help Pastors recognize behavioral and emotional changes
in members. The spiritual oneness with God, coupled with
pastoral counseling skills, pastors are able to intervene during a
members’ mental health crisis. Ministers might also be able to
identify religiously influenced symptoms of psychological
disorders similarly to religious delusions.
What is Pastoral Counseling?
Individuals may obtain both spiritual and psychological
guidance from chaplains who are trained through clinical
pastoral education, spiritual directors, and clergy
offering pastoral care.[footnoteRef:28] Studies denote
48. additional spiritually oriented descriptions including spiritual or
religious empathetic counseling, psychospiritual counseling,
Christian therapy, and religious counseling. [28: Walker,
Scheidegger, End, and Amundsen. The Misunderstood Pastoral
Counselor: Knowledge and Religiosity as Factors Affecting a
Client’s Choice, 7.]
Distinguishing pastoral counseling and other forms of
spiritually oriented counseling produces complications, for
instance, some research studies used the term pastoral counselor
without exploring the definition, using the term interchangeably
with religious or Christian counselor.[footnoteRef:29]
According to the dictionary of pastoral care and counseling,
pastoral counseling is defined as a twentieth century
phenomenon notwithstanding further definitions such as the
North American Protestant pastors who included new
psychological information into their ministries which claim new
genealogy based on Hebrew and Christian understanding of
care.[footnoteRef:30] Religious and social changes restructured
pastoral counselor practices, training, and
identity.[footnoteRef:31]Observations denote that there is no
universally accepted definition for pastoral counseling.
[footnoteRef:32] [29: Walker, Scheidegger, End, and
Amundsen. The Misunderstood Pastoral Counselor: Knowledge
and Religiosity as Factors Affecting a Client’s Choice, 7.] [30:
Townsend, Loren. Introduction to Pastoral Counseling.
Nashville: Abingdon Press, 2009.] [31: Townsend,
Introduction to Pastoral Counseling, 3.] [32: Walker,
Scheidegger, End, and Amundsen. The Misunderstood Pastoral
Counselor: Knowledge and Religiosity as Factors Affecting a
Client’s Choice, 7.]
Chapter 2
Conceptual Framework
Literature Review
The article, Pastors’ Counseling Practices and Perceptions of
49. Mental Health Services: Implications for African American
Mental Health, thewriters conducted an exploratory study to
determine the practices, behaviors, and desires of African
American pastors utilizing the first level service delivery
model. Their research found a link between pastors who have
optimistic views about mental health facilities and
documentation of parishioner counseling sessions on a broader
variety of subjects several days a month. Participating pastors
in this study reported counseling their members on a wide range
of subjects, the most common being marital and family issues
(91.7%), spiritual problems (87.5%), sorrow (79.2%) and work
problems (70.8%).[footnoteRef:33] While they currently teach
on a range of topics, all but one of the pastors surveyed said
that they could receive additional instruction in one or more
fields. The minister’s topics selected the most were marital and
family issues (72.9%), emotional (70.8%), drugs (54.2%),
domestic and sexual abuse (45.8%) and sexual problems
(45.85%).[footnoteRef:34] While work problems and spiritual
issues were two of the most frequently reported topics of
advice, they were two of the lowest perceived need for
additional training. This finding suggests that pastors are more
prepared than some other areas of interest to address these two
subjects.[footnoteRef:35] [33: Brown, Jessica Young, and
Micah L. McCreary. “Pastors’ Counseling Practices and
Perceptions of Mental Health Services: Implications for African
American Mental Health.” Journal of Pastoral Care &
Counseling 68, no. 1 (March 2014): 1–14.
doi:10.1177/154230501406800102, 10] [34: Young Brown
and McCreary. Pastors’ Counseling Practices and Perceptions of
Mental Health Services: Implications for African American
Mental Health, 10.] [35: Young Brown and McCreary. Pastors’
Counseling Practices and Perceptions of Mental Health
Services: Implications for African American Mental Health,
10.]
The most frequently suggested issues on which professional
50. experience was necessary included marital and family
difficulties and emotional problems, fields that were usually
discussed by professionals of mental health. [footnoteRef:36]
Participants in those areas included improved mental health
care, therapy, and/or planning. Interventions will focus on best
practices to deal with social and emotional problems, and how
to implement them in religious communities. Professional
pastoral preparation could include ways to deliver group-level
services such as seminars or gatherings that might help lighten
the time pressure that pastoral therapy can sometimes bring to
busy pastors. The reality that such a large proportion of pastors
supported needing additional training suggests that while
pastors perform a wide range of counseling tasks, they may not
feel fully equipped to provide their parishioners with
appropriate counseling. The study further built upon the idea to
discuss clergy engaging with their parishioners ' mental and
emotional needs. [36: Young Brown and McCreary. Pastors’
Counseling Practices and Perceptions of Mental Health
Services: Implications for African American Mental Health,
p11]
The self-efficacy of pastors around these issues directly affects
the quality of care they will give their parishioners. An
important aspect to consider is that pastoral care in the manner
of traditional psychotherapy is not to be conceptualized. For a
long time, members of religious communities used pastors as a
resource that adds evidence of the effectiveness of their
counseling. Conversely, certain pastors may not interpret their
ability to handle any serious cases passed on to them as
positive.
The article, Religiousness and Mental Health: Systematic
Review Study, reviews recent empirical research to determine
the role that religion plays in mental health outcomes. The most
widely recognized problem is substance abuse, suicide,
depression, and anxiety, impacting some 50 percent of mental
cases.[footnoteRef:37] Such mental disorders are known to
51. affect the public at large. The negative impacts of the mental
problems on the general public and economy could interfere
with regular daily life and inflict misery to the sufferers and
their families or superiors-now and again. Severe sadness could
influence people and their families ' day-to-day lives, and it
could also impact their partners and influence toward
religion.[footnoteRef:38] There are numerous mental medicines
available for melancholy, nervousness, suicide, and abuse of
compelling substances, and some are fruitful and helpful, such
as treatment for intellectual conduct, relational psychotherapy,
psychodynamics, and existing treatment. [37: Abdaleati,
Zaharim, and Mydin, Religiousness and Mental Health:
Systematic Review Study,p 1929-30] [38: Abdaleati, Zaharim,
and Mydin, Religiousness and Mental Health: Systematic
Review Study,p 1930]
Psychotherapeutic treatment for certain individuals is a
powerful technique for treating mental
dispersion.[footnoteRef:39] Through emotional and
psychological literature an increased passion for the influences
of faith and otherworldliness on well-being is apparent. Even
though religion was intended to affect well-being, this
partnership is increasingly unstable for late exams. Significant
research information has suggested that strict practice with
better mental and physical well-being is identified. Religiosity
has been identified as an important defensive tool for well-
being; research has shown a strong positive connection between
rigor and psychological well-being. That connection has spread
across different populations, including teenagers, grown-ups,
old, general community members, workers, and displaced
people, undergraduates, the immoral, terrorists, lesbians,
friends, and individuals with issues of mental health and
character. [39: Abdaleati, Zaharim, and Mydin, Religiousness
and Mental Health: Systematic Review Study,p 1930]
52. The article, Challenges to the Conceptualization and
Measurement of Religiosity and Spirituality in Mental Health
Research, both authors are addressing religiosity and faith to
further clarify how the experiences of individuals influence
their attitudes, acts and happiness generally. Nonetheless,
contradictions in the conceptualization and interpretation of
these patterns will affect the potential judgement of strictness
and spirituality.[footnoteRef:40] [40: Baumsteiger, Rachel,
and Tiffany Chenneville. "Challenges to the Conceptualization
and Measurement of Religiosity and Spirituality in Mental
Health Research." Journal of Religion and Health 54, no. 6
(2015): 2344-354. doi:10.1007/s10943-015-0008-7. P 2345
]
Evidence from a study of college understudies recommends that
congregations define spirituality as free from social impact and
that some individuals associated with antagonistic terms with
spirituality. A content study of indicators of spirituality shows
that measures of spirituality contain elements that do not truly
gauge the degree of spirituality. There is a discussion of ideas
and plans for future research. The reason for this inquiry was to
further understand the conceptualization and evaluation of
spirituality and religiosity within studies on mental health
welfare. The specific points of this study were to contribute to
earlier findings about the nature of religiosity and its
relationship to strictness of the all-inclusive community by
using a broader and more generalizable example; to analyze
how individuals equate spirituality with more negative terms
than religiosity, and to evaluate existing measurements of
religiosity to decide whether they are surveying for religiosity.
The article titled, The Gatekeepers: Involvement of Christian
Clergy in Referrals and Collaboration with Christian Social
Workers and Other Helping professionals, VanderWaal,
Hernandez, and Sandman conducted a report to evaluate their
subjects’ perception of MH and SA requirements and their
ability to comply and refer church members to medical care
53. providers. Despite developing multiple effective clinical and
psychosocial approaches aimed at neutralizing the effects of
psychological distress and drug abuse, nearly 66 percent of all
people despite reported mental wellbeing disorders are not
looking for treatment. Social services usually offer social health
and drug abuse service administrations. Barriers to individuals
pursuing psychological well-being and drug misuse recovery
include cost concerns, embarrassment surrounding
psychological well-being issues, ignorance of psychological
well-being issues, bullying over practices, and numbness over
treatments. Many individuals first look at their organization for
support. Two thoughts also discovered that 25-40% of
Americans also tried to guide spiritual administrations. People
in the church are more likely to look for ministerial assistance
than others.
Churches can alleviate service shame towards psychological
well-being and the benefits of substance misuse by effectively
meeting the network's emotional well-being needs. Studies show
that people who go to worship houses in an uplifting frame of
mind against emotional welfare administrators have increasingly
optimistic mentalities to receive support, especially within
minority networks.
The article concludes that some members of the clergy within
the church want to work with experts to help. There is an
ambiguity in allusion to their eagerness and comparison
examples. The Christian clergy has a significant role to play in
recognizing people with mental health and substance abuse
problems and for providing education, support and referral to
the care needed. In such a study, researchers conducted an
online study with over 200 Christian clergies from 50 +
churches investigate their views of substance abuse and mental
health conditions and their willingness to cooperate and refer
members of the church to professional service providers.
Findings have found that more than half of all clergy have met
in their churches regularly or more frequently individuals with
substance abuse or mental health problems. Nearly two-thirds
54. believed members of the church typically feel more secure
seeking pastoral support than turning to professional aid. Many
clergies indicated that if they had a mental health or substance
abuse problem, they would possibly refer church members to a
therapist, especially a Christian psychologist. Counseling and
race/ethnicity found important differences, however. Such
findings show that the parishioners with the disability would
receive medical care, help, and guidance from the clergy.
Service workers commonly provide mental health and substance
abuse treatment services. According to National Association of
Social Services a 2006 survey sponsored "Social workers in
behavioral health are the primary specialization sector within
the frontline social workforce with mental health being the
many prominent (37%) specialty research category of social
work." Social workers are the nation's largest group of
professionally qualified mental health service providers...
providing more mental health services than psychologists,
psychiatrists, and psychiatric staff combined, according to the
Drug Abuse and Mental Wellbeing Care Administration. …
Question 1Pastoral Counseling Research SurveyYou are invited
to be in a research study on the correlation of pastoral
counseling and mental health. You were selected as a possible
participant because you are 18 years of age or older and a
member of Deliverance Center for all Nations church. Please
read this form and ask any questions you may have before
agreeing to be in the study. Cynthia Taylor, a doctoral
candidate in the School of Divinity at Liberty University, is
conducting this study.Background Information: The purpose of
this study is to determine if data suggests that members of the
church are actively seeking pastoral counseling as an option to
address current mental health issues, and if current pastoral
counseling has impacted the congregation
positively.Procedures: If you agree to be in this study, I would
ask you to do the following things:Answer the survey questions
provided to the best of your ability.Risks: The risks involved in
55. this study are minimal, which means they are equal to the risks
you would encounter in everyday life. Benefits: Participants
should not expect to receive a direct benefit from taking part in
this study.Compensation: Participants will not be compensated
for participating in this study. Confidentiality: Data will be
stored on a password locked computer and may be used in
future presentations. After three years, all electronic records
will be deleted. Voluntary Nature of the Study: Participation in
this study is voluntary. Your decision whether or not to
participate will not affect your current or future relations with
Liberty University. If you decide to participate, you are free to
not answer any question or withdraw at any time, prior to
submitting the survey, without affecting those relationships.
How to Withdraw from the Study: If you choose to withdraw
from the study, please exit the survey and close your internet
browser. Your responses will not be recorded or included in the
study. Contacts and Questions: The researcher conducting this
study is Cynthia Taylor. You may ask any questions you have
now. If you have questions later, you are encouraged to contact
her at [email protected] You may also contact faculty chair, Dr.
Garcia, at [email protected] If you have any questions or
concerns regarding this study and would like to talk to someone
other than the researcher, you are encouraged to contact the
Institutional Review Board, 1971 University Blvd., Green Hall
Ste. 2845, Lynchburg, VA 24515 or email at
[email protected] Do you agree to these terms?Answer
ChoicesResponsesYes, please begin the survey.99.06%105No, I
would like to exit the survey0.94%1Answered106Skipped0
You are invited to be in a research study on the correlation of
pastoral counseling and mental health. You were selected as a
possible participant because you are 18 years of age
or older and a member of Deliverance Center for all
Nations church. Please read this form and ask any questions you
may have before agreeing to be in the study. Cynthia Taylor,
a doctoral candidate in the School of Divinity at Liberty
University, is conducting this study.Background Information:
56. The purpose of this study is to determine if data suggests that
members of the church are actively seeking pastoral counseling
as an option to address current mental health issues, and if
current pastoral counseling has impacted the congregation
positively.Procedures: If you agree to be in this study, I would
ask you to do the following things:Answer the survey questions
provided to the best of your ability.Risks: The risks involved in
this study are minimal, which means they are equal to the risks
you would encounter in everyday life. Benefits: Participants
should not expect to receive a direct benefit from taking part in
this study.Compensation: Participants will not be compensated
for participating in this study. Confidentiality: Data will be
stored on a password locked computer and may be used in
future presentations. After three years, all electronic records
will be deleted. Voluntary Nature of the Study: Participation in
this study is voluntary. Your decision whether or not to
participate will not affect your current or future relations with
Liberty University. If you decide to participate, you are free to
not answer any question or withdraw at any time, prior to
submitting the survey, without affecting those relationships.
How to Withdraw from the Study: If you choose to withdraw
from the study, please exit the survey and close your internet
browser. Your responses will not be recorded or included in the
study. Contacts and Questions: The researcher conducting this
study is Cynthia Taylor. You may ask any questions you have
now. If you have questions later, you are encouraged to contact
her at [email protected] You may also contact faculty chair, Dr.
Garcia, at [email protected] If you have any questions or
concerns regarding this study and would like to talk to someone
other than the researcher, you are encouraged to contact the
Institutional Review Board, 1971 University Blvd., Green Hall
Ste. 2845, Lynchburg, VA 24515 or email at
[email protected] Do you agree to these terms?
Question 2Pastoral Counseling Research SurveyWhat is your
gender?Answer
ChoicesResponsesFemale84.91%90Male15.09%16Answered106
57. Skipped0
What is your gender?
Question 3Pastoral Counseling Research SurveyWhat is your
highest level of education?Answer ChoicesResponsesSome high
school21.70%23College graduate32.08%34Graduate degree or
beyond26.42%28Some post-graduate
education19.81%21Answered106Skipped0
What is your highest level of education?
Question 4Pastoral Counseling Research SurveyWhat is your
Ethnic/Racial background?Answer ChoicesResponsesAmerican
Indian or Alaska Native: A person having origins in any of the
original peoples of North and South America (including Central
America), and who maintains a tribal affiliation or community
attachment.0.00%0Asian: A person having origins in any of the
original people of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian
Subcontinent, for example Cambodia, China, India, Japan,
Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand and
Vietnam.0.94%1Black or African American: A person having
origins in any of the Black racial groups of
Africa.84.91%90Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander: A
person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii,
Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands.0.94%1Hispanic or
Latino: A person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or
Central American, or other Spanish culture of origin, regardless
of race4.72%5White: A person having origins in any of the
original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North
Africa5.66%6N/A2.83%3Answered106Skipped0
What is your Ethnic/Racial background?
Question 5Pastoral Counseling Research SurveyHave you ever
personally struggled with mental illness of any kind?Answer
ChoicesResponsesYes, and it was diagnosed24.00%24Yes, but it
was never
diagnosed24.00%24No51.00%51N/A1.00%1Answered100Skipp
ed6
Have you ever personally struggled with mental illness of any
kind?
58. Question 6Pastoral Counseling Research SurveyHave you ever
seen a psychiatrist as a treatment option for your mental health
concerns?Answer
ChoicesResponsesYes22.00%22No69.00%69N/A9.00%9Answer
ed100Skipped6
Have you ever seen a psychiatrist as a treatment option for your
mental health concerns?
Question 7Pastoral Counseling Research SurveyHave you have
seen a psychologist as a treatment option for your mental health
concerns?Answer
ChoicesResponsesYes21.00%21No68.00%68N/A11.00%11Answ
ered100Skipped6
Have you have seen a psychologist as a treatment option for
your mental health concerns?
Question 8Pastoral Counseling Research Survey“Have you ever
been diagnosed by a medical or psychological professional with
any of the following conditions?”Answer
ChoicesResponsesAnxiety Disorders26.00%26Bipolar Disorder
(Manic-Depressive
Illness)4.00%4Delusions1.00%1Depression28.00%28Obsessive-
compulsive disorder (OCD)2.00%2Post-traumatic stress
disorder
(PTSD)9.00%9Other2.00%2None57.00%57N/A4.00%4Answere
d100Skipped6
“Have you ever been diagnosed by a medical or psychological
professional with any of the following conditions?”
Question 9Pastoral Counseling Research Survey“How would
you describe your current status with your mental
illness?”Answer ChoicesResponsesVery
Stable38.00%38Somewhat Stable42.00%42Somewhat
Unstable8.00%8Very
Unstable2.00%2N/A10.00%10Answered100Skipped6
“How would you describe your current status with your mental
illness?”
Question 10Pastoral Counseling Research Survey“My acute
mental illness made/makes it difficult to understand
59. redemption.”Answer ChoicesResponsesStrongly
agree5.00%5Agree10.00%10Neither agree nor
disagree20.00%20Disagree16.00%16Strongly
disagree20.00%20N/A29.00%29Answered100Skipped6
“My acute mental illness made/makes it difficult to understand
redemption.”
Question 11Pastoral Counseling Research Survey“I believe a
Christian with an acute mental illness can succeed spiritually
even if the illness has not been treated.”Answer
ChoicesResponsesStrongly
agree14.00%14Agree18.00%18Neither agree nor
disagree23.00%23Disagree25.00%25Strongly
disagree10.00%10Don’t Know10.00%10Answered100Skipped6
“I believe a Christian with an acute mental illness can succeed
spiritually even if the illness has not been treated.”
Question 12Pastoral Counseling Research Survey“My acute
mental illness weakens my efforts to live like a
Christian.”Answer ChoicesResponsesStrongly
agree6.00%6Agree8.00%8Neither agree nor
disagree15.00%15Disagree26.00%26Strongly
disagree17.00%17N/A28.00%28Answered100Skipped6
“My acute mental illness weakens my efforts to live like a
Christian.”
Question 13Pastoral Counseling Research SurveyHave you ever
sought pastoral counseling as a treatment option for your mental
health concerns?Answer
ChoicesResponsesYes15.05%14No84.95%79Answered93Skippe
d13
Have you ever sought pastoral counseling as a treatment option
for your mental health concerns?
Question 14Pastoral Counseling Research SurveyIf so, when
was the last counseling session?Answer ChoicesResponsesOne
month or less3.23%3Two to six months ago2.15%2Six to
Twelve months ago3.23%3More than a year
ago7.53%7N/A83.87%78Answered93Skipped13
If so, when was the last counseling session?
60. Question 15Pastoral Counseling Research SurveyDo you agree
that pastoral counseling sessions are beneficial in your
treatment plan?Answer ChoicesResponsesStrongly
agree12.90%12Agree20.43%19Neither agree nor
disagree16.13%15Disagree6.45%6Strongly
disagree1.08%1N/A43.01%40Answered93Skipped13
Do you agree that pastoral counseling sessions are beneficial in
your treatment plan?
Question 16Pastoral Counseling Research SurveyFollowing the
last pastoral counseling session, do you agree that there are
recurrent struggles with your mental illness?Answer
ChoicesResponsesStrongly agree3.23%3Agree7.53%7Neither
agree nor disagree15.05%14Disagree3.23%3Strongly
disagree5.38%5N/A65.59%61Answered93Skipped13
Following the last pastoral counseling session, do you agree
that there are recurrent struggles with your mental illness?
Question 17Pastoral Counseling Research SurveyHave the
symptoms of your mental health impairment improved since
your last pastoral counseling session?Answer
ChoicesResponsesStrongly agree2.15%2Agree6.45%6Neither
agree nor disagree8.60%8Disagree5.38%5Strongly
disagree3.23%3N/A74.19%69Answered93Skipped13
Have the symptoms of your mental health impairment improved
since your last pastoral counseling session?
Question 18Pastoral Counseling Research SurveyDo you agree
others would benefit from pastoral counseling as a treatment
option for mental illness?Answer ChoicesResponsesStrongly
agree18.28%17Agree31.18%29Neither agree nor
disagree36.56%34Disagree8.60%8Strongly
disagree5.38%5Answered93Skipped13
Do you agree others would benefit from pastoral counseling as a
treatment option for mental illness?
Question 19Pastoral Counseling Research Survey“As I have
dealt with mental illness, I have found the local church to
be”Answer ChoicesResponsesMostly
Supportive10.75%10Somewhat Supportive17.20%16Neither
61. Supportive nor Unsupportive7.53%7Somewhat
Unsupportive4.30%4Mostly Unsupportive2.15%2Don’t
Know15.05%14N/A43.01%40Answered93Skipped13
“As I have dealt with mental illness, I have found the local
church to be”
Question 20Pastoral Counseling Research SurveyCounseling
sessions with my pastor haves explicitly helped me think
through and live out my faith in the context of my mental
illness.”Answer ChoicesResponsesStrongly
agree8.60%8Agree7.53%7Neither agree nor
disagree11.83%11Disagree1.08%1Strongly
disagree0.00%0Don’t
Know7.53%7N/A63.44%59Answered93Skipped13
Counseling sessions with my pastor haves explicitly helped me
think through and live out my faith in the context of my mental
illness.”
Question 21Pastoral Counseling Research SurveyFree Response:
May select multiple answers: Do you believe local churches
should assist individuals with acute mental illness in any of the
following areas?”Answer ChoicesResponsesHelp families find
local resources for support and dealing with the
illness78.49%73Talk about it openly so that the topic is not so
taboo72.04%67Improve people's understanding of what mental
illness is and what to expect69.89%65Increase awareness of
how prevalent mental illness is today68.82%64Provide training
for the church to understand mental illness65.59%61Offer
topical seminars on depression or anxiety58.06%54Have a
counselor on staff skilled in mental illness66.67%62Don't
know7.53%7Other (please
specify)1Answered93Skipped13RespondentsResponse
DateOther (please specify)Tags1Feb 15 2020 08:11 AMI did not
have mental illness I sought pastoral counseling for premarital
and marriage counseling
Free Response: May select multiple answers: Do you believe
local churches should assist individuals with acute mental
illness in any of the following areas?”