Racial Leadership And The African American Political...

Racial Leadership And The African American Political...
Throughout the history of United States we have had different views of racial leadership in Afro
American political thought from W.E.B Du Bois to Booker T. Washington to Marcus Garvey who
sought to lead African–Americans from the oppression they face. All three of these historical figures
had different views on racial leadership and politics as well as the vision and direction that racial
emancipation should take. W.E.B Du Bois argued that African–Americans should political,
economic, and social freedom and advancement. Booker T. Washington was more conservative in
his approach in that African–Americans should first and foremost focus on economically advancing
themselves first in order to seek equality in other areas. Marcus Garvey had a ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
A good example of part of the current civil rights concept is that fight for reparations with
arguments for it being that it will "encourage innovation, creation, and development of small
business" (Muhammad 4). As we can see the civil rights concept of racial leadership is largely
shaped by class and economic politics. The impact of the civil rights concept towards racial
liberation has been well documented throughout U.S history due to its importance. Booker T.
Washington had a different concept of the type of liberation African–Americans should seek that can
be considered fairly different from other concepts of racial leadership in that he believed in
economic autonomy being the best path towards racial emancipation. Washington he was born into
slavery and he didn't hold whites in contempt. On the contrary he believed that because of slavery
African Americans were in a "stronger and more hopeful condition, materially, intellectually,
morally, and religiously" (Washington 8) than other black people around the world. Washington was
a strong proponent of industrial education for African–Americans and thought they should learn
skills and trades and work hard instead of pushing for civil rights right away. Washington believed
that African–Americans should seek
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

United States Political Thought As A Democracy
United States political thought today as of today is considered a democracy. A democracy is where
the citizens of the United States are eligible to vote for the leaders that represent the country.
Without the drafting of the British documents, such as The Magna Carta and the Petition of Rights
along with the political upheaval of the Glorious Revolution and Enlightenment, America today
would be following the traditional acts of arbitrary monarchical rule. All of these specific times in
history were outcomes of people seeing that absolute monarchies were trouble for the fundamental
rights of the people. Being under an absolute monarchy is similar to being under a dictatorship
which leaves no say in the hand of the people.
The Magna Carta, also known as The Great Charter, was the first step into people receiving the
rights that they deserved. The King of England, King John was forced by his barons to sign the
charter to establish that the monarch was no longer absolute and that the people were guaranteed a
trial by jury and due process of law. King John is considered to be one of the worst kings in history.
He was not in favor of the people, he was in favor of himself. He was such a greedy King who
would penalize any baron who went against his wishes.
In 1206, King John lost some land that he was insistent on getting back. Normandy, Anjou, Maine
and parts of Poitou were no longer under his control. The way he went about it was to harshly raise
the taxes. If the people

Controversial Contributions to Political Thought Made by...
Justice and care One of the most momentous and controversial contributions to political thought
made by feminism in recent decades involves the work of Carol Gilligan, who developed the claim
that there exists an approach to morality and social relations that contrasts sharply with that which is
based on justice and individual rights of the sort characteristic of mainstream (liberal) theory. The
'care' perspective – a moral orientation that focuses on the value of maintaining relations, acting on
interpersonal responsibilities, expressing appropriate emotion and affect, and so on – has been put
forward as a moral orientation uniquely connected with the experience and psychology of women,
but which has been relegated to secondary status in traditional theories of moral development.
Gilligan's work famously suggested that women tend to think more in terms of care and
responsibility when considering a moral problem than in terms of impersonal rights and justice, and
that moral and political principles which were expressed in the latter terms have essentially silenced
women's voices (Gilligan 1982, Gilligan et al. 1988, Brown and Gilligan 1992). Gilligan questioned
the dominant view of psychological development which placed the ability to think in terms of
universal, impersonal, principles at the apex of moral thinking, claiming that this reflected the male
tendency to value separation, objectivity, and autonomy over connectedness and relationships.
Normative principles

Black Political Thought And Activism
1963– 1968 saw a profound shift in black political thought and activism, it is a radical shift for
black seeking to fight against racial oppression, establishment of black politic, and the improvement
of black economy. Blacks had been through many oppressions from the whites. They were treated as
the second class citizens even though they were also American. Those oppressions were mostly
formed from the racism matter. With no longer endure to the oppression, a big wave of the black's
political thought and activism created a big change in black community and American society as a
whole. There were two events that we could see the shift in black political thought and activism;
they were the black civil right movement and the campaign against war in Vietnam. From these two
events, we were able to analyze the black's evolution in making their lives better and finding
themselves a place to stand and a voice to be heard in a white dominant society. Black Power
became the term used to describe how black used their power politically in making all the changes.
There were many forms of racial oppression that whites casted on the blacks. One form of the
oppressions had to do with the idea of capitalism. During her lecture, Professor Brown explained
that, "a lot of black radical thinking was a critic of capitalism and understanding capitalism as a
system of oppression, based on global awareness (cite). According to the point that Professor Brown
mentioned above, the idea of capitalism

How does the Bible Influence Political Thought and Action...
How does the Bible Influence Political Thought and Action in Our Culture? The Bible is a unique
book that is different from others because it contains sacred text that has continued to influence
societies from generation to generation. Generally, the impact of this sacred book is worldwide since
it has affected every department of human activity. The influence of the Bible on society is derived
from the fact that it contains various themes that are used to shape the moral progress of the world.
In addition, the influence of this book is not restricted to Christians and Jews because it impacts
more than 50 percent of the world population. One of the major ways that the Bible has influenced
society is through its effects on politics, especially political thought and action. In most cases, the
Bible is used as the basis for formation of laws and rules that govern society.
The Bible and Politics: In today's society, there are Christians who have unhealthy focus on social
and political issues to an extent that it is detrimental to their personal testimony and the gospel in
general. On the other hand, there are those who argue that Christians should have minimal or
nothing to do with politics (Specht, n.d.). However, these groups need to reconsider their views and
beliefs based on what the Bible teaches regarding politics. Despite of the difference in the role of
Christians in politics, the Bible is essential to political philosophers and theorists as well as the
modern

Political Influence : Milton Friedman And The Chicago...
The markets trading goods, and services have created a constant hum of activity including
governmental agencies and services which governments provide and whether to continue those
services to the public have been the focal point of fair trade economics through the perspective of
Milton Friedman. Traditionally interconnected with International Policies the policies of Friedman
and the Chicago school of thought have had significant NEGATIVE impacts on the quality of life
and accessibility to basic services. Through the policies of ALEC (American Legislative Exchange
Council countries across the world have experienced the back lash of extreme neoliberal policies
exploiting the poorest of countries and people for the profit of white wealthy business men often
collaborating with members in ALEC. Supporting this argument of extreme neoliberal policies since
the 1970's starting with the signing in of Nixon and later cabinet member Donald Rumsfeld writers
such as Michael Foucault explains how such political influence can negatively effects not just
American lives but everyone one and thing on the earth. Finally concluding the acceptance or
allowance of such policies through legislative practices to push extreme radical policies through
during time of Shock through the perspective of Naomi Klein. of such and political intersecting of
international global markets like the Middle East or Central America. Fighting political economies
waiting for the perfect storm extreme measures

Confucianism Is A Comprehensive System Of Thought And...
Confucianism is a "comprehensive system of thought and behaviour encompassing religion,
philosophy, morality, and political science." Its teachings have shaped the political and social
development of China for hundreds of years, and leaves its mark in ancient history. Confucius's
teachings dealt mainly with personal and political morality – he taught what it meant to be a just
ruler and a man of principles and honour. His teachings sought to restore the Mandate of Heaven to
the rulers in order for peace and prosperity to return to China. His main goal was to help the
individuals achieve social and personal perfection, and also reestablish the ordered society that had
supposedly existed before this period of internal warfare. Thus, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
If an individual violates the golden rule, then he or she will violate the spirit of fairness and concern
that lie at the heart of morality.
In addition to Confucius's Golden Rule, family is considered one of the main epitome of society.
According to Confucius, the "Filial Piety" involves children who were to owe duties of loyalty and
respect to their parents. This concept was also known as The Five Bonds. These bonds "set out the
duties and expectations as between the Ruler and the Emperor and subjects, Father and Son,
Husband and Wife, Elder Brother to Younger Brother, Friend to Friend" (Confucianism). Within
these relationships or Bonds, each person had specific duties, and these duties and relationships
extended to the dead. Hence, this practice led to ancestor worship, which was one of the oldest
practiced traditions in China. In a family, the parents rule. This means that the parents serve as
prime examples for their children to follow. In return, children are taught to be respectful, truthful,
and earnest no matter what the circumstances are. What they are taught at home is to be applied to
interactions with others in society. According to the "Chinese Ren and Li" website, it exclaims,
"Confucianism advocates that if everybody can follow ren and li, and behave as his roles dictate,
then there are harmonious relationships,

Theodore Roosevelt's Contributions to American Political...
Theodore Roosevelt's Contributions to American Political Thought
Throughout his tenure as a civil servant, Theodore Roosevelt perpetually involved himself in
matters of reform. Well read and well traveled, Roosevelt expressed his wide array of political
thought out of experience as well as an underlying desire to see the United States establish itself as a
world power under the ideals of a democratic republic—a wolf amongst sheep on the world scene.
The nation's twenty–sixth president laid the framework for foreign policy as we know it. He pressed
reform amongst big business, and rallied for the rights of the laborer. Conservationism as well as
environmental protection and preservation became issues at the forefront of Teddy's ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Theodore Roosevelt placed great emphasis on the conservation of natural resources and the
protection of the environment. These were subjects which were for the most part absent from the
realm of politics. Roosevelt brought them to the forefront of American politics; ever since,
candidates for political office have found it necessary (and sometimes greatly advantageous) to take
a stance on environmental issues. He proclaimed, "I recognize the right and duty of this generation
to develop and use the natural resources of our land; but I do not recognize the right to waste them,
or to rob, by wasteful use, the generations that come after us," (TR "New Nationalism"). During his
presidency, Roosevelt's progressive yet conservative stance on environmental issues led to the
addition of more than 125 million acres to America's national forests. Teddy believed that
conservation was a great moral issue placing the lives and safety of future generations at stake.
Though environmental concerns are not presently at the top of America's political agenda, the
American public is charged with the task of preserving our land and resources for the benefit of our
descendents. Perhaps the most crucial of Theodore Roosevelt's contributions to American political
thought originated once he had already left the presidency. While on an African safari in 1909,
Roosevelt received a book from a friend entitled The Promise of American Life, which became an
extremely

Symbolism And Irony In Trump's Wall
Overview: I created a political cartoon to show the symbolism and irony in Trump's financial plan in
Trump's wall. Process: The first thing that we did was view article headlines from around the world
and what stories were on the front page Then we learned what kind of stories were newsworthy, and
why. Next we picked our topic and what form we would have our final project in–( I chose to do a
political Cartoon) Then we did a current event research guide Afterwards we created a current event
research guide Then we had our the first submission of the political cartoon rough draft Next we had
are our second submission was the rough draft of our artist statement Finally we had the final
product due, both the political cartoon and the artist

Political Thought: Rousseau, Burke, And Hegel
Leilte Assefa
Professor Leonard Williams
Mod. & Cont. Political Thought
March 13, 2017
2. Rousseau boldly asserts that we are "born free" but are "everywhere in chains." what political
theorists have thought about the concept of freedom, its basic meanings, and its presence or absence
in the world. Discuss the theories of freedom articulated by Rousseau, Burke, and Hegel. In your
view, which theorist expressed the most adequate understanding of freedom? Why?
(300* 3)words for each theorist + 100 words for my opinion = 900 + 100= 1000W
Jean–Jacques Rousseau's ideas were extremely controversial, his work has influenced political and
social change during the past two centuries. His ideas were progressive during the period and
society he ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He talks about how it is important for the state to rule according to the desires of the majority of the
population because that's is what's best for the community as a whole, meaning each person in the
community should give up their freedom for the common good.
Rousseau's thinking centers around will, individual and general. His idea of will means that all
associations are voluntary and he equates it with freedom. For an act to be moral, it must have been
of one's own free will. General will is what is beneficial for the common good. In his state of nature,
people are asocial, lazy, and harmless to each other but Rousseau believes that it is better for man to
belong to something greater than himself or a community and work for general will. He puts stress
on the importance of education as the way humans adapt to work towards the general will.
The few ruled the majority. If this is his aim, then it follows that he should be most concerned with
the preservation of freedom in political society, initially so that savage man might be lured out of
nature and into society in the first place, and afterwards so that Rousseau's framework for this
society will prevent the present totalitarianism in his time from reasserting itself.
A good society grants its citizens, that strive for the common good, the suitable environment for
development (273). Rousseau distinguished between two types of will: particular will

The Contributions of Nicolo Machiavelli and John Locke to...
The Contributions of Nicolo Machiavelli and John Locke to Political Thought In political thought,
there have been many people that have progressed political theory. Nicolo Machiavelli and John
Locke are two of those famous individuals. The research here will be focused on them. Each
Machiavelli and John Locke support a different political theory. At first, the background and
relevant contexts will be discussed. Each person has written something that has influenced modern
political thought. Nicolo Machiavelli's The Prince and John Locke's Second Treatise of
Government. Liberalism contained in Locke's work will be explored in addition to the realism
contained in The Prince. These two writings were chosen ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Machiavelli stated that if the actions of the state it is justifiable if it benefits the state's self–interest
or survival (Machiavelli, 1532). Machiavelli writings on the Prince dealt with political reality, and
Machiavelli stressed living in political realities as opposed to idealism . Machiavelli's views have
influenced what is called classical realism and even the political landscape of the late 1800s
(Thayer, 1892). The ideology presented in The Prince still continues to influence modern political
thought, especially realism. Machiavelli's ideology is an opponent to Locke's Second Treatise in
which some principles of liberalism are found. John Locke was from England, and is one of the
most famous enlightened thinkers from the 17th century. John Locke in addition to being a famous
philosopher was also an accomplished physician. He was born in 1632 and died 1702. Locke
advocated for the separation of church and state, being one of the first advocates of secularism
(Milton, 2008). His work, The Second Treatise of Civil Government, even influenced the founders
of the United States almost a century later, and even includes direct influence in the drafting of The
Declaration of Independence (Milton, 2008). In his most famous work, Locke also advocates for the
right to personal private property. One of the main principles brought forth in his work is that rights
of property regarding the individual come before the right of the government. He

Karl Marx : Modern Political Thought
Karl Marx is one of the most influential thinkers in modern political thought. His writings inspired
political change, revolutions, and new forms of government. Marx interpreted the past structures of
societies and found they shared a similar pattern of progression. This, in combination with his vision
for the future, allowed Marx to have a clearly defined outline for the progression of humanity. Marx
argues that in history each era can be defined by its mode of labor. This mode of labor subsequently
creates an economic class struggle. Marx calls for an end of the current class struggle for mankind
to progress to a better more equitable communist society. For Marx, the foundation of a society is its
economic structure. Marx believes that mankind in the past and currently lives in a world divided by
class. He has a very clear and defined model on how mankind and society changes and progresses.
According to Marx all societies in the past have changed and altered following a similar pattern.
Marx writes, "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles" (The
Communist Manifesto 22). Throughout written history we see an oppressor and the oppressed.
Some of these class struggles are in the open and others are hidden. Regardless of their visibility
each time the conflict results in a revolution and reconstruction of societies classes. Marx believes
these are always driven by economic factors – specifically economic oppression. Marx's
understanding of

The United States Constitution: A Historical...
The kind of government created as a result of the ratification of the United States Constitution was
nearly unprecedented in its day, but this does not mean that the framers of the Constitution
developed their particular form of social contract out of thin air. Instead, they drew from a long line
of legal and social contracts and writings in order to develop a robust system of governance meant
to protect the rights of the individual while maintaining a sufficiently strong federal government.
Examining some of the most important documents and ideas that the framers drew on will serve to
demonstrate how the United States Constitution represents the culmination of nearly five centuries
worth of political and social thought. The first precedent the framers drew on was the Magna Carta,
which was first issued in 1215 and is one of the oldest written constitutional texts in history
(Worcester, 2010, p. 451). The Magna Carta (or "Great Charter"), was developed by powerful feudal
lords in England, and it was an attempt to limit the power of the king by forcing him to agree to
certain limitations and rights. Although the Magna Carta reinforced a number of inequalities that
were present in society at the time, such as class distinctions and the feudal system as a whole, it
was important for the development of subsequent legal contracts, including the United States
Constitution, because for perhaps the first time it included provisions explicitly designed to create a
separation of

Comparing Twentieth Century Political Thought Leo Strauss...
Introduction
When it comes to an analysis of twentieth century political thought Leo Strauss and Richard Rorty
are two indispensable figures. Rorty was a pupil of Strauss at the University of Chicago, and was
always quick to acknowledge the influence that his former teacher had on his writing. In the
following paper I will briefly highlight and critique the fundamental arguments presented by the
duo. Certainly, Rorty and Strauss share a degree of commonality in their critique of the
Enlightenment. Furthermore, I will assert that Rorty's 'pragmatic argument' and Strauss' 'esotericism'
share a degree of kinship. However, when it comes to a close examination of the works of the
respective scholars, it becomes clear that they had vastly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
A clear representation of this dynamic is provided by Plato's allegory of the cave. A particular
philosopher may be able to free themselves from the shadows and experience the delights of the sun
waiting outside, but for Strauss only disaster awaits if said philosopher attempts to re–enter the cave
and help those that she/he has left behind.
This leads into Strauss' vociferous attack on modern political thought and the Enlightenment
project. According to him, modern society mired in the chaos of 'intellectual anarchy,' characterized
by the fact that political philosophy is in a 'state of decay or putrefaction.' Clearly, Strauss does not
hold the Enlightenment or the transition to modernity in high esteem. In fact as Ronald Beiner
affirms, Strauss' entire project is a 'never–ceasing polemic against the Enlightenment,' which he
blames for the breaking the aforementioned distinction between the masses and philosophers. For
example, the likes of Hobbes, Spinoza, and Locke may have written in an esoteric manner, but at the
same time they foolishly pursued the idea that this divide could and should be bridged. As Beiner
continues, the cornerstone of Enlightenment thought was the idea that 'philosophy could benefit
society by helping people to be more educated and tolerant', and thus serve as a valuable tool in
advancing humanity as a whole.

Political Philosophy And American Political Thought
I have applied to participate in the Hertog Summer Programs in Classical Political Philosophy and
American Political Thought because of my passion for politics. This passion inspired me to become
commit to the Major in Government at Georgetown University. A professor once gave me the
following definition of politics as, "the resolution of conflict among the competing interests of
individuals, groups, and or nations." Therefore, the study of politics in my opinion is the study of
how groups reach consequential decisions and resolve internal conflicts. I am interested in many
dimensions of politics, but I have decided to apply to the Hertog Summer Programs in Classical
Political Theory and American Political Thought because of my interest in the philosophical and
theoretical dimensions of politics. As a participant in the Hertog Summer Programs, I hope to take
an intellectual journey with fellow young scholars and brilliant professors that will deepen my
understanding of the philosophies and values that have informed the America's politics since the
founding of the Articles of Confederation. This intellectual journey will help me to grow as a person
because it will help me to better understand the values and thoughts that have shaped Western and
American politics and the way in which politics affects our lives. I have an interest in politics
because under the broad definition of politics that I mention in the in the first paragraph, politics
affects almost every part of our

Why Karl Marx Thought Communism was the Ideal Political Party
Why Karl Marx Thought Communism was the Ideal Political Party
Karl Marx was brought up in a Jewish community and society in his early years. His father was a
lawyer, although he was descended from a long line of rabbis. As opportunities for Jews decreased
Karl Marx's father, Herschel, decided to convert from Jewish to Lutheranism, which was the
Prussian states religion. The Marx family was very liberal and often held intellectual conversations
and was introduced to a lot of artists.
Karl Marx was enrolled into the University in Bonn; this was a notorious school and was known for
its bad reputation of the students that went there. His peers influenced Karl and his hobbies soon
became singing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Merchants bought one thing from a market and sold off to another market for more money. Marx
thought this was unfair and thought they were taking advantage of the difference between the
markets. Marx believed that capitalism was prone for disaster. He suggested as capitalist countries
invest more and more into new technologies; the higher the unemployment rate would increase, as
the machines took place of the employees. Also with more machines available, things would be
produced quicker and can be accessed easily; the prices for goods decrease and merchants would
not work, as they would loose their profit. If there were no merchants around there would be no
markets, and the public couldn't buy goods. So Marx believed if they didn't buy the goods the
economic value of the government would decrease, businesses going bankrupt, public unemployed
and citizens without essential goods. And with the economic value going down, the government
couldn't invest in more technology and technology was stalled. Marx assumed that this was a cycle
of growth and collapse, and this constant cycle would demolish governments.
Marx believed in anti–Semitism, although he was brought up Jewish his hatred for Jews grew when
he wrote an essay called " The Jewish question". He promoted his views to the public and convinced
them to hate Jews too, and to hate Jewish capitalists even more. But little did he

Social And Political Thought
Sriya Siems
Classics of Social and Political Thought
Mr. Ellison SOSC 15100
Second Paper– #4 (Democracy)
A Proposition To Abolish Democracy
In the modern west, democracy is generally conceived as the "most free" regime. Democracy is
uniquely characterized by majority rule. This gives its citizens the privilege to vote, overturn, and
motion, with the purpose of best representing the desires of the population. Not only do societies
strive for democracy to gain political freedom, but also personal freedom. Traditionally, we equate
government intervention and regulation with harsh restrictions that devitalize our personal freedom,
however, according to Socrates; regulation is necessary in order to experience "genuine freedom".
In the Republic, Socrates discusses his tripartite regime in which promotes optimal justice and
happiness for its citizens. However, if we fully accept Socrates' republic, this does not necessarily
mean we have to reject democracy entirely. This idea will be furthered explored throughout the
entirety of this essay. While Socrates describes democracy as the "fairest" regime, he refutes this
claim by exposing the disastrous effect lack of structure has in a democracy, producing only
spurious pleasures and, therefore, failing to achieve Socrates's justice, (demonstrated in his republic)
which produces genuine pleasures that greatly benefit the individual and the city.
Socrates uses a democratic society as a foundation to build his republic. Socrates says,

Karl Marx's Influence on Sociology and Political Thought...
There can be no doubt over the wide–ranging influence of Karl Marx's theories on sociology and
political thought. His concept of communism overcoming the socioeconomic pitfalls of capitalism
has not been a theory that has seen the light of day in the way that he may have hypothesised. There
have been many throughout history that have misrepresented Marx's writing, which begs the
question, if pure communism in the original Marxist sense is at all possible given that humanity
appears to have an innate 'need' for hierarchy and a thirst for power.
Capitalism appears to satisfy the 'need' for power and acquisition above all else, and the evidence is
seen in the growth of global wealth, which certainly does not amount to equal wealth. The ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Marx rejected Hegel's dialectics based on a movement of human thought and ideas, and argued that
dialectics involved contradictions based on an economic system, otherwise known as dialectical
materialism. Therefore, the dynamic for change eventually created by a process of dialectics lies in
the conflict between two opposing factors (Lee and Newby 2000, pp. 114 – 119).
Marx conceived the base and superstructure approach that defines capitalist society. The base relates
to all that is a function of production in society and conversely, the superstructure, which can be said
to be derived from the base, relates to the values, culture, ideology and the governing bodies of
society. The former creates and supports the latter by a process of legitimisation of the economic
activities, and in turn, the superstructure ensures the processes remain in place. Class domination
plays a large part in this process of organisation; for example, private education providing better
opportunities for advancement and primary socialisation into the higher echelons of society.
However, a counter argument claims that the state is just as involved in the stresses and "struggles
of civil society'' as opposed to being a mere extension of it for the pure benefit of a particular class
interest (Held 2001, in Hall and Gieben 2001, p 113).
According to Marx, the act of production and means of organisation thereof, including the
relationship between members of the

Political Influence : Milton Friedman And The Chicago...
The market trading goods, and services have created a constant hum of activity including
governmental agencies and services which governments provide and whether to continue those
services to the public have been the focal point of fair trade economics through the perspective of
Milton Friedman. Traditionally interconnected with International Policies the policies of Friedman
and the Chicago school of thought has had a impacts on the quality of life and access to basic
services. Through the policies of ALEC (American Legislative Exchange Council) countries across
the world have experienced the backlash of extreme neoliberal policies exploiting the poorest of
countries and people for the profit of white wealthy business men often collaborating with members
in ALEC. Supporting this argument of extreme neoliberal policies since the 1970's starting with the
signing in of Nixon and later cabinet member Donald Rumsfeld writers such as Michael Foucault
explains how such political influence can negatively affects not just American lives but everyone
one and thing on the earth. Finally concluding the acceptance or allowance of such policies through
legislative practices to push extreme radical policies through during the time of Shock through the
perspective of Naomi Klein whose remarks of Shocks to economy was directly in response to
Milton Friedman's notion of Shocking economies after reviewing an experiment Stanley Milgram
working on with obedience and power control from

Theoretical Perspectives On Political And Social Thought
Ooychai Yuthiwattana
25844067
AZA2719 – Theoretical Perspectives in Political and Social Thought
Assessment 1 – Individual Essay
27th May 2015
Capitalism tends to sow the seeds of its own destruction. Discuss.
Introduction:
Entering the 21st Century, these past few years we have begun to encounter and see the beginning of
world economic crises. The financial crisis of 2007–2008 and the oil crisis of 2003–2008 are just the
few of many examples that we have seen and been impacted by. These events have threatened the
collapse of large financial institutions, the stock market, and has led to current issues such as the
rising of unemployment, and the cost of living. Karl Marx explains to us that the economic crisis we
still face up until today isn't from the results of the boom and bust cycle as capitalist economics
would have people believing in, but occurs because of the wicked economic system that many
countries across the globe have adopted the policies and systematic of capitalism. Like Marx said,
"The real barrier of capitalist production is capital itself" (Marx and Engels, 1948). This academic
paper will outline the different theories and factors that allow readers to understand the reasons of
how capitalism leads to her own destruction and contribute to the rising crises we face presently
today.
Capitalism:
Capitalism is defined as an economic system in where a great number of workers who own little
produce commodities for the profit of small numbers of

Review Of Gramsci 's ' Political Thought ' The Prison...
AJ FAAS 3–4–08 A REVIEW OF GRAMSCI'S POLITICAL THOUGHT IN THE PRISON
NOTEBOOKS [DRAFT – DO NOT CITE WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE
AUTHOR] Antonio Gramsci was an Italian communist scholar, journalist, and activist who served
as a deputy member of the Italian Parliament, representing the Italian Communist Party (PCI),
which he helped to establish in 1923. In the wake of the triumph of Mussolini and the Italian fascists
in 1926, Gramsci was sentenced to 20 years in prison in order to prevent his thought from spreading
(Crehan 2003:17). From 1926 to 1937, when he was released from prison only to die one week later,
Gramsci composed thirty–two notebooks (over 2,350 printed pages) which has come to be regarded
as his greatest work and an unfinished classic of Marxist thought (Simon 1991; Crehan 2002). The
fact that he composed these great works while he was in prison and during a time of political
turmoil that provoked him has particularly confounding effects on the reader. First, these notebooks
were hand written in prison and he frequently revisits or elaborates on earlier notes throughout the
journals. They are therefore not organized under coherent headings to facilitate a systematic
interpretation of his thoughts. Some editors organize the notes under their own themes, and Gramsci
himself at times inserts instructions that one passage should be tied to another, but some imposed
order is always inevitable. Second, Gramsci, though in prison, was very much informed, and

Gandhi 's Socio Political Thoughts By Non Violence
GANDHI'S SOCIO–POLITICAL THOUGHTS BY NON–VIOLENCE
*Meenu Sharma
Research Scholar, Dept. of History, Meerut College, Meerut
Abstract– In the study of history of human civilization it is found that there was a continuous trend
of torturing the weak by more powerful individuals or groups, exploitation of the poor by the rich
and landed people, neglect of the illiterate by the educated people, socially overpowering women by
men and as such injustices. Such social injustices are a constant source of discontent giving rise to
conflicts. Instead of solving those conflicts they were always suppressed. In the progress of
civilization and development of humanistic attitude, people are now gradually getting more and
more concerned with Human Rights that demand social justice to all sections of the society.
Extreme poverty and illiteracy among a major section of the population is the greatest tragedy for
India. Also, in the global context a reasonable economic order through equitable distribution of
wealth among different nations and more particularly among the people of the same country is very
much needed to avoid conflicts and clashes.
Keeping aside these basic facts, only a slogan for "peace" can't change the society. In this context,
Gandhian socio–political thought based on nonviolence can go a long way towards solving these
problems.
Key words– Ahimsa, Enlightened Anarchy, Village swaraj, Trusteeship, Sarvodaya
1. INTRODUCTION
Gandhi's political ideas are unique because he

Plato And Aristotle 's Views On Modern Political Thought...
Philosophers have pondered what makes for an ideal state since antiquity. In fact, the ideas
theorized by the ancient Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle over two millennia ago on this
subject still resonate strongly today, influencing modern political thought and regime construction.
Plato contends the ideal state is one ruled by a class of guardians, or "philosopher–kings". These
philosopher–kings are selected to rule because they are best fit for the responsibility. Aristotle, a
pupil of Plato, acknowledges and agrees with Plato on the point that states ruled by philosopher–
kings would be ideal states, but adds such states are simply not reasonable. Instead, Aristotle
advocates for rule by "polity": a constitutional government ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Likewise, children born of guardians deemed unfit to be future guardians are relegated to one of the
other classes. By creating a system of specialization in which ability solely determines the citizens'
duties, Plato ensures those who govern his city will not be the beneficiaries of parental and/or class
nepotism. For this reason, the city's political health is protected from the deleterious effects of an
inefficient ruling class. This class structure is wholly unconventional, but necessary in Plato's ideal
city. This is due to his position on the equity, or lack thereof, between humans; some people, be it by
nature or nurture, are more competent than others and the most competent should rule over those
less so for the benefit of the whole. However, Plato knows this system will be fraught if it ignores
base human desire. Citizens will not willingly accept being corralled into specific societal roles,
especially if they think those roles are unjust or beneath them. Plato's system cannot work without a
"noble lie". The noble lie promulgated to the citizens of Plato's city relies on a sort of divine
meddling. According to the lie, although everyone in the society is related and should share a
familial bond, guardians, auxiliaries, and producers all have different levels of ability imparted onto
them by "the god" in the form of intrinsic metals. As Socrates' says

The Political And Moral Thought Of Rousseau And Kant
Conceptions of Freedom in the Political and Moral Thought of Rousseau and Kant
In the Age of Enlightenment, both Rousseau and Kant discuss the idea of freedom concerning a
man's will. In spite of their shared conception of freedom as self–legislative autonomy, they differ
markedly in terms of what freedom really means. The substantive differences between their
accounts of freedom illustrate the two philosophers' different perceptions about the norms of a civil
state, which I suggest, are both flawed and inapplicable to real life. In this paper, I first compare and
contrast the conceptions of freedom according to the two philosophers. Then I discuss why those
conceptions are flawed. Finally, I provide a possible alternative: instead of clinging on the idea of
the free will, I turn to the idea of free action, a less arbitrary conception of freedom.
In On the Social Contract, Rousseau discusses three kinds of freedom , namely, natural liberty, civil
liberty, and moral liberty. Natural liberty is identified as in the state of nature, a stateless society that
involves the absence of any binding norm that would restrain one's conduct. Having natural liberty
means that an individual has "an unlimited right to everything that tempts him and that he can
acquire" (SC I.8). This is the natural state of mankind described in Rousseau's Discourses on
Inequality.
In the evolution of human being, the division of labor and the institution of properties yield a
thorough

Government And Political Thought : The Act Of...
Decolonizing Government and Political Thought
The act of decolonization revolves around the notion that people, who have experienced a form of
colonialism, return to the lifestyles they originally practiced before colonialism. While a great focus
of decolonization is put on; culture, gastronomy, religion, and spirituality, pre–colonial forms
governments have not been thoroughly explored. This however, shouldn't be a surprise because
most of the pre–colonial practices have been lost due to colonial forces. The current political climate
has incited a lot of tension, hate and instability for several groups and their allies. Hence, there must
be new ways of understanding how government and politics can be influenced using decolonized
methods that favor stability. The decolonized methods that will be explored in this study are;
complementation, sovereignty, and discussion and such will be tailored to adapt and be taught in the
current political spectrum.
The most common way decolonization has been practiced is through medicine. Patrisia Gonzales,
professor as the University of Washington, has gathered her knowledge in traditional indigenous
medicine published her findings in a book entitled Red Medicine: Traditional Indigenous Rites of
Birthing and Healing. Although the purpose of this study is not about medicine, Gonzales uses
several decolonized methods in her teachings that can be applied to the current political spectrum.
Gonzales employs the notion that Mexican

Machiavelli The Father Of Modern Political Thought Summary
Chasity L Wireman
Dr. Michael A. Lazarus
HIS 102–W1: Western Civilization II
10/25/2017
Machiavelli The Father of Modern Political Thought
There are many reasons why Machiavelli is widely considered the beginner of modern political
thought, one of the many is he studied strictly the politicians, and businessmen. Machiavelli
recognized the political playing field as a vile place only for the most dominating and cunning of
political giants. One of Machiavelli's most famous work, On Principalities, or known by the other
title, The Prince, absolutely announced a break with previous political beliefs secured between
moral and religion system, it examines the nature of his views on power that are still somewhat in
existent today. Machiavelli discusses in this work power over the people, oppressive power, and
shared power. Machiavelli discusses two specific groups of people such as the political elite and the
general public within this work.
While Machiavelli highlighted power over in relations between the political elite, he examines a
different kind of power in the affiliation between a prince and his public. Machiavelli noted that he
can share his power with his people, since he can trust his people more than he can the nobles. The
nobles cannot be satisfied if their ruler acts honorably, because their desires are more ethical than
the nobles are. The people are more forgiving and less greedy so he can place more trust in his
people and empower his trusting public.
Though the public may be more trustworthy Machiavelli also stated that a prince needed to be harsh
in the treatment of both the mixed sectors and the new sectors to avoid rebellions, the prince must
be harsh and cautious. It is easier for a prince to hold control after he has already stopped a rebellion
by empowering his power. Once the prince takes control of the city, he cannot forget it, for his
control can be easily lost.
Without order within his own court let alone his public, the prince would soon fall and possible lose
his control over everything. More or less how the prince started at the bottom and slowly made his
way to becoming a great king or he died at the feet of his people or someone of higher power before
reaching

Foundations of Political Thought Essays
Aristotle and Socrates and Plato's beliefs have similarities mainly evident in their denouncement of
democracy for the state. The views of Socrates expressed and written by his pupil Plato are vastly
philosophical in nature and he promotes the idea of questioning life to achieve insight. The
philosophers who possess the absolute truth are the best equipped to rule society according to Plato
and his Allegory of the Cave. Conversely, Aristotle takes a more political science approach of
discussing and analyzing various constitutions to determine the best form of government, where the
rational beings in a society are the natural rulers. Aristotle promotes the idea of rule based on law
rather than simple superiority. The differences in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Politics, 83)
Through this view, Aristotle expresses his distrust of a total democracy that is parallel to the ideas of
his mentors. Plato attacks democracy and describes the disbursement of political freedom to the
masses as an intoxication of wine, claiming that a democratic city "gets drunk on too much unmixed
freedom" (The Republic, 220). Plato details the filtration of this "drunkenness" from society
disobeying rulers trickling down to the son disrespecting the father and eventually "equal rights in
relations between the sexes" (The Republic, 221). Plato and Aristotle share this skepticism of
democracy.
The limitation of freedom, liberty, and equality not only with regards to mistrust of democracy but
also in terms of denial of citizenship and justification of slavery are commonalities in the teachings
of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Plato accepts slavery throughout The Republic, because he often
deems whole groups of people unworthy of freedom. Aristotle's justifies slavery through the
characteristic of rationality; he claims that there is a condition of "natural slavery" where when one
being is rational and the other is not, there is a natural master–slave relationship (Politics, 2). "For if
something is capable of rational foresight, it is a natural ruler and master, whereas whatever can use
its body to labor is ruled and is a natural slave"

Political Socialization Is A Process In Relation To...
Have you ever thought about a person in your life that influenced you on how you perceive life and
politics? Everyone had some type of guidance's that help them become person that they are today.
Political socialization is a process in which people form their ideas about politics. This process is a
lifelong development of a person political values. A large range of things can play a factor on a
person train of thought. As an adolescent, my family played a major role on developing my
attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors that's needed to be a law–abiding citizen. Today I will
inform you on political socialization process, relations to political socialization to the stability of
public opinion, and also provide my personal experience on political socialization.
To begin, political socialization isn't something that's gathered overnight. This maybe a never
ending process. Everyday people are learning new information that's modifying their prospective on
politics and their life in general. According to previ.com, "the 4 major agents of political socialize
Asian are your family, school, your peers, and mass media". This coexist with the idea that the US
political socialization is to pass down their customs, believes, values supportive of democracy down
to the next generation in government. The people you surround yourself with may impact your
political views. Anything you use on a daily basis or any person you may be around daily may have
an influence on the way you think

The State Of The Natural Person Has Been At The Center Of...
The state of the natural person has been at the center of political thought since the creation of
civilization. Tinder points out that in looking at history and our current living conditions, there are
certainly examples of conflict and personal uncomfortability in community (24). For instance,
although the modern day, middle– class lifestyle offers one the opportunity to engage with others
frequently, many people feel a pervading sense of alienation from others. Relationships may be
viewed as "tenuous and impermanent" in such a community where the dynamics of family and
social mobility have changed, resulting in one becoming frustrated or intolerable of their
surroundings (Tinder 25). However, Tinder questions whether these feelings of frustration are
resulting from the restrictive conditions seen in contemporary life or if these feelings are indicative
of an estranged essence (25). To better understand this concept, the definition of "essence," as
defined by Tinder, is one's "innermost or [most] basic self;" the thing which is "beneath the
ephemeral and misleading appearances" (26). To suggest that such unease in community living are
symptomatic of an estranged essence, as was examined by Tinder in this particular case, is to
suggest that humans would be happier in their solitude. That in the primal core of oneself is a
longing and comfortability in being alone rather than being with others (Tinder 26). If humans are in
fact estranged in essence, it would be ridiculous to

Why The Internet Is Affecting Political Views And Thoughts...
Understanding how to perceive the news can be a difficult task especially with their savvy word
usages. This essay will explore multiple attributes of the Today show and CNN world news online.
We will also exploring marketing perspective to attract an audience, credibility, biasness,
uncovering racial or gender stereotypes, and fabrication. Next my research will show if there was
any extra research needed to understand what the news report was covering. Lastly sharing options
or suggestions on how to make newscast fair and balanced and enquiring why the internet is
affecting political views and thoughts more than television. –––– Having an audience is key, to
having a show on television and how does a network or newscasts make that ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The Today Show is a more personable than CNN. The Today show talks about the top story grabs
people from the audience and does makeovers and give away. The Today show also has celebrity
movie stars and musicians on their show every day. The shows also give out great advice for
everyday people like how to cook, or the best clothes and beauty products on the market. The Today
Show is more entertainment news then CNN's hardcore news. –––– The news stories on Today and
CNN seemed to be from appropriate and credible sources. When CNN was giving the report online
a stream of video accompanied the journalist. Their also showed maps and statistics support what
they were reporting. They also had interview with credible (you would like) people like senator and
campaign associates. CNN is known for being a credible network; however I feel the need to still
research anything I am interested in or that just stir up any emotions with in myself. The Today
show hand multiple interview of people that their stories where about. Though the Today show is
more entertainment with musicians and movie stares, each of this celebrates where interviews on
their on topics that was shown on television. I also took it upon myself to look of a couple of their
topics to make sure what they were reporting was true. I feel doing your own research is the only
way to make sure what is being reported to the public is the only

American Political Thought
POL 411
March 29, 2012
Benito Cereno in the Context of Slavery Herman Melville's novella Benito Cereno is a story that
helps to express Melville's view on slavery. Contained within the text is an intricate story that sheds
light on the ultimate underlying problems to the existence of slavery. The way that Melville builds
the story in the novella through certain situations bring attention to the ideals of slavery, leadership,
and American character. It is most often found that Melville is anti–slavery, however, he is not apt to
necessarily conform to anyone side. Melville expresses the qualities of the slave and slavery itself
throughout Benito Cereno. The story of Benito Cereno is told in a way that the reader is unknown to
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Babo is an intelligent slave, as he is secretly running the operations on the boat and understands the
necessity to create the looks of a normal running slave vessel. Benito Cereno is quick to follow the
lead of Babo and they hope to receive the supplies necessary to travel to Africa and colonize.
Melville illustrates that the blacks were not capable of making the journey to Africa. It could be that
Melville himself did not see a colonization of freed slaves in Africa as being an appropriate response
to slavery. Lincoln, as well, did not think that the colonization of Africa was advantageous to the
black man. Instead, Lincoln saw Central America as being a more respectable place to create a
colony for the freed slaves. He stated that Central America is, "...on a great line of travel – it is a
highway." Lincoln saw that if colonization were to be an answer to the slavery issue then a region
within a reasonable travel distance would help to keep a connection between the people of both
lands. Similarly Lincoln saw this region as being a good climate and having an abundance of natural
resources. Melville creates a similar notion with the San Dominick, as it's slaves had the grand idea
of making their way to Africa, however they are unable to direct the vessel the long journey. Lincoln
also addresses the fact that if freed slaves were to colonize it

How Does the Bible Influence Political Thought and Action...
How does the Bible influence political thought and action in our culture?
By Daniel Forsee
To properly consider the relationship between the Bible and politics would require a starting point
of at least the giving of the 10 Commandments. The breadth of the topic is too great for this paper.
Although the main purpose of the Bible is the redemption of man and possibly the redemption of the
earth this discussion will be limited to a consideration of the Bible's 10 Commandments and its
effect upon politics in the United States. The purpose of the 10 Commandments was to give Israel a
foundation for their worshiping Yahweh. But the purpose goes even beyond that. The Decalogue
gives society its foundation for safety and growth. Without this ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Verse 15 says, "The six towns will be a place of refuge for Israelites, aliens and any other people
living among them, so that anyone who has killed another accidentally can flee there." But what was
to happen when the murder was deliberate? Versus 16 through 21 list various circumstances in
which the punishment led to death. We have followed a similar pattern regarding murder in the
United States. We do not have cities of refuge, but we do have a multitude of prisons were
murderers spend the remainder of their lives. For the more grievous murders, we still have the death
penalty in most states.
You shall not commit adultery. Around the development of Israel and the United States marriage has
been the bedrock of society. This was not a commandment against extramarital affairs but a
prohibition against a married or engaged woman living with a man who was not her husband. The
husband or husband to be was seen to be entitled all of his property rights, and that included woman.
For very long period of American history, adultery was illegal in every state. According to an article
by USA Today(http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/opinion/forum/2010–04–26–
column26_ST_N.htm) as of 1996 it was still illegal in 27 states. Punishments ranged between a fine
and life in prison.
You shall not steal. This commandment has affected American politics in two ways. One is in the
obvious areas of

The Truth Behind Political Thought
The truth behind political thought is founded primarily based on the rules of the law.Western
European image of justice and order demonstrates the importance of natural equality that the rule of
law adheres to. Thus creates this inconsistency ,that civil disobedience is not justified because of
society 's accentuation on law and order. The understanding of law and civil disobedience illustrates
itself in both readings of Sophocles ' Antigone and Plato 's Apology which suggests that they give
both similar views with the existing idea of different higher authority in mind. Because of the
unresolved feud between the law and civil disobedience it is prevailed effectively in Sophocles '
tragic drama Antigone and Plato 's Apology . Antigone personifies that the will to obey the law is
not just for her country but that of her immense amount of love to her family and the Gods.While in
contrast , Socrates personifies a synopsis of the two important notions, based on the idea of a higher
authority, which is demonstrated in his defense before the Athenian court in Plato 's Apology. They
both prevail the idea of adhering to higher authority but there standpoints on the issue differs.
Despite Antigone and Socrates both revere willingness to obey law , even if it results in death,
Antigone feels that divine law supersedes state law while Socrates believes that both must be
obeyed, for whatever it is they stand for.
Antigone believes that her unwritten natural law succeeds the likes of

Impact Of The Enlightenment On Modern Political Thought
David Wolkoff
English 9CP/Western Civ.
Mrs. Orens/Mr. Reiss
April 1, 2016 The Impact of the Enlightenment on Modern Political Thought
The philosopher John Locke once said, "[g]overnment has no other end, but the preservation of
property" ("John Locke"). The social contract is the fundamental basis for modern government. This
idea affects everything we believe a modern state should represent for itself and its people. This way
of understanding the role of government was inspired by the writings of the Enlightenment era
philosophers. This way of understanding the role of the state and its people is significantly different
from what was believed in ancient Athens and Rome. The Enlightenment era philosophers did more
than just think of new ideas of government; their works not only inspired changes during the 18th
century, but also continued to shape modern governments. While it is true that certain forms of
democracy evolved in ancient Athens and Rome, modern governments differ significantly from
these ancient societies. In some cases, the very words put forth by the philosophers were written
directly into the constitutions of countries practicing these new ideas. Without the contributions of
John Locke and other enlightenment philosophers, democracy and government as we know it today
would not exist.
The shape of modern government in America and Europe today comes from many different ideas
that existed before the Enlightenment even began. Concepts in ancient Greece are

Athenian Democracy Influenced Western Political Thought
Abstract In this paper, I intend to show that ancient Athenian democracy influenced western
political thought, specifically, western democracies. By influencing such modern day democracies,
ancient Greek culture remains a presence in contemporary life.
Introduction
Approximately 2500 years ago a series of changes and reformations in political thought led to the
creation of the ancient Athenian democracy. Through the changes implemented by Solon and
Cleisthenes during the Golden Age of Greece, democracy was born in Athens. Although it was
somewhat impractical, exclusionist, and only open to a very small percentage of the total Athenian
population, its impact is still felt today. Athenian democracy is widely recognized as the model from
which all other forms of democratic rule has evolved from. Through the principles handed down
from that Athenian democracy, ancient Greek culture remains a prominent presence in
contemporary life, particularly in regard to its democratic policies. The concept of Democracy dates
back to the Classic Period, otherwise known as the Golden Age of Greece. Prior to becoming a
unified nation, Greece was made up of city–states that were constantly warring with one another.
None of these city–states possessed full control over its neighbors. It was during this time and
because of these circumstances that there was great advancement in Greek thought encompassing
philosophy and politics. These advancements are responsible for the strong Greek

Machiavelli vs Islamic Political Thought
Machiavelli vs Islamic Political Thought Niccolo Machiavelli was a political realist. He thought
there were certain skills and characteristics needed to become a political ruler. In his work, The
Prince, Machiavelli gives advice on how to be a successful prince, or ruler. "Successful" is partly
based on how powerful a ruler was during his lifetime (reign), but largely based on how much the
prince affected the lives, through laws or societal norms, of future generations. Machiavelli was
mainly interested in attaining and keeping political power. He believed people were inherently
selfish and would, by nature, not respect the law or work for the common good, without civic
virtues. The only way to ‘control' these human urges was to instill ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Regardless of how good a ruler Borgia was though, when the time came to install a new pope and it
wasn't his father, Borgia fell short and was no longer the ruler. While Machiavelli seemed to put no
stock in the role of the citizen in determining a ruler, he thought rulers could protect their power by
evoking the "love of their people." But even this isn't enough all the time, because of the question
always asked by citizens of its government, what have you done for me lately. The ruler must
protect the citizens' property, prosperity, family, and well–being. For people to lead happy, full lives,
they must be allowed to do what they want, within the guidelines of a state. But this is a cycle easier
to maintain, than to begin. For people to do as they wish, there must be guidelines in place, but for
guidelines to be established, people have to know what they want to do and what they are unable to
do. Here is the reason governments were built in the first place. The group of people chose someone
to establish guidelines, because people wanted more than they had. This is the real purpose of a
ruler, to help establish a society. Machiavelli was consumed with rulers having and keeping power,
by whatever force necessary. This seems to contradict what he is saying about the common good
and civic virtues. If the ruler is only interested in power, what care would he have for the people?
None, it seems to me. According to Ian Johnston, The Prince was more than just a feeble

African Social & Political Thought
PHL 305: AFRICAN SOCIAL AND POLITICAL THOUGHT
QUESTION: TAKE ONE AFRICAN SOCIO–POLITICAL PHILOSOPHER AND DISCUSS:
A. HIS POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY
B. THE PROBLEM HE TRIED TO SOLVE
C. THE EXTENT TO WHICH HE WAS SUCCESSFUL.
African socialism was one of the earliest theories proffered by many African leaders at the outset of
independence. Leaders such as Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, Julius Nyerere, Obafemi Awolowo and
Leopold Senghor all supported this concept but had different approaches to it.
In this essay, my focus will be on Julius Nyerere and his approach to the idea of African socialism.
Julius Kambarage Nyerere was born on the 13thof April, 1922 in Butiama in then Tanganyika
(Tanzania).As President of the United ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the area of achieving self–reliance by African states particularly Tanzania, Nyerere developed an
educational philosophy which could be approached under two main headings; Education for Self–
reliance and Adult education. His interest in Self–reliance shares a great deal with Gandhi's
approach to 'Basic Education'. There was a strong concern to counteract the colonialists'
assumptions and practices of the dominant, formal means of education, which he saw as enslaving
and oriented towards 'western' interest and norms. It was designed to transmit the values of the
colonizing power and to train individuals for the service of the colonial state. It induced attitudes of
subservience, human inequality and individualism, and emphasized white–collar skills. The context
of colonial education was largely alien and the entire system was organized by racial segregation.
For Nyerere who was once a teacher himself, he believed that education had to work for the
common good, foster co–operation and promote equality. He asserted that the school curriculum
should go hand in hand with de–emphasizing the import of formal examinations which merely
assesses a person's ability to learn facts. He said it was necessary for African states to abandon
examinations that are geared towards

Western Political Thought: The Greeks And Judeo-Christian...
Western political thought has evolved over centuries to be what we know today. It has been majorly
influenced by the Romans and the Greeks, Judeo–Christians ideals, and the Enlightenment. The
Greeks and the Romans offered a lot to the world, but their ideas on the separation of powers, the
rule of law, and many forms of government were their contributions to western political thought.
Thier ideals on the separation of powers originated in Rome out of power–abusive rulers and
eventually manifested in a three–way split in the power with only temporarily elected officials. The
first was the executive branch, which consisted of supervisors of the empire, such as city police, tax
collectors and others positions of power. The second was the legislative branch composed of the
senate and the tribal assembly who were both involved in the law and decision making for the
empire. The third was the judicial branch, responsible for the upholding of the jurisprudence and the
maintaining of the law.The Greeks and Romans also believed in the rule of law, or the idea that a
county should be ruled by law, not the decisions ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Judeo–Christian ideals came out of three major religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
They all believed in the divine spark of life, where their God breathed in life to every man, making
all men equal and dignified as the children of God. They also believed in the same principles of
morality, which stemmed from the teachings of prophets such as Jesus and Muhammad and the Ten
Commandments of God. Both, in the most basic terms, promoted the ideas of all life being equal
and sacred, attempting to make the world a better place through love and tolerance, and a sense of
community open to anyone who wished to join. The Judeo–Christian ideals were about the raising
of the individual and the unity of all spirits in

United States Political Thought Today Is Considered A...
United States political thought today is considered a democracy. A democracy is where the citizens
of the United States are eligible to vote for the leaders that represent their country. Without the
drafting of the British documents, such as The Magna Carta and the Petition of Rights along with
the political upheaval of the Glorious Revolution and Enlightenment, America today would be
following the traditional acts of arbitrary monarchical rule. All of these specific times in history
were outcomes of people seeing that absolute monarchies were troubling for the fundamental rights
of the people. Being under an absolute monarchy is similar to being under a dictatorship which
leaves no say in the hand of the people.
The Magna Carta, also known as The Great Charter, was the catalyst for creating a representative
democracy. The King of England, King John was forced by his barons to sign the charter to
establish that the monarch was no longer absolute and that the people were guaranteed a trial by jury
and due process of law. King John is considered to be one of the worst kings in history. He was not
in favor of the people, he was in favor of himself. Being an avaricious king, he would penalize any
baron who went against his wishes. In 1206, King John lost some land that he was insistent on
getting back. Normandy, Anjou, Maine and parts of Poitou were no longer under his control. In
attempt to retrieve his land he imposed heavy taxes upon his citizens. If the people decided not

Racial Leadership And The African American Political...

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Tiffany Rose

More from Tiffany Rose (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Racial Leadership And The African American Political...