What Memories Tell About Truth

What Memories Tell About Truth
What Memories Tell About Truth It is a common belief that memories are important, but why is that
so? Is it because memory can be a marker for a person's level of intelligence or does it have to do
with the effect memory has on person? Memory can be thought of as a recollection of an event that
has been pieced together from information by the mind. These collections of memories that a person
possesses are what define their identity, assist in future decision making based on past experiences,
and describes life experiences. But memory can be a tricky. The tendency to distort one's own
memory can be a way to make the world more understandable and allows a person to place these
experiences in terms better fitting to their own needs. The Yellow Birds narrator, Bartle, presents the
connection between truth and memory in an interesting way. Through Bartle's memories the idea of
personal truth stems from a distorted account done for his own peace of mind versus the acceptance
of the factual truth.
When people reconstruct memories, they do not purposely try to distort the actual experience, unless
their motive was to lie. In the case of Bartle's memories, the motive behind his distortion was done
in emotional self–preservation. Like most soldiers returning home from overseas, Bartle's emotional
state was distressing due to the traumatic events that happened in Al Tafar. As Bartle tries to unravel
and make sense of the events of the past year it is evident that the memories of
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The Reflection Of Sleep Paralysis In Mary Shelley's...
I have lived with sleep paralysis my whole life. Reading about something so horrifying and strange
does not do it justice. I can tell you that a paralysis is so much more than not being able to move.
There is something far more sinister about it. The paralysis literally lets your imagination run wild
and that is dangerous. The role transformation plays in a scary story is practically the thing that tells
it. Like in all nightmares, things can shift from being harmless to harmful. Transformation plays a
key role in stories that are meant to scare us. Objects, settings, and humans all have the ability to
transform in a story. Of course multiple things transform, but the main thing to be focused on is the
transformation that even transforms the story. Humans that transform in a scary story usually are the
main character. In sleep paralysis you are the main thing that transforms. Let's say you fall into a
nightmare and you cannot move, you become scared and your perspective transforms. The
surrounding may become lighter or darker, figures or shadows may appear to frighten you more. As
you struggle to wake up, the nightmare may hold you back from doing so. In Frankenstein, both
Victor and his creature transform. The creature starts off innocent and curious, but as he gets
rejected by everyone around him, he becomes bitter and desperate which matures him. The creature
confronts Victor and tells him to create a companion so he doesn't have to feel alone. Victor changes
by

Distortion Of Venus
parent due to sexual desire over the opposite–gendered parent (incestuous desire). My interpretation
of this is that Venus was a boy (shown by masculine head) who was trapped in incestuous sexual
desire (covered eyes) who masturbated to the image of his mother (enlarged hand), so his father
claimed his castrated penis (penis is the color of the man). This interpretation could also suggests
that the covered eyes also represents shame. Dali condenses two ambivalent associations– one of
carefree happiness due to forbidden sexual bliss and one of shame due to committing these
forbidden sexual acts. The two sections of the unconscious– the Id, which desires immediate
gratification (usually sexual) and the superego, which desires social and moral perfection– support
this interpretation. The condensation of these ambivalent associations are the internal battle of the Id
and the Superego. This internal battle is called the Ego, and is the conscious part of our brain. ...
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From this point onwards, Dali built up the painting to continue the themes of forbidden erotic
desires. First is Dali's representation and interpretation of the ancient motif of Venus and the sailor.
In Dali's distortion, the man interacting with Venus is holding an anchor. This image is a reference to
Titian's original painting, but is distorted into an act of prostitution by Venus with a dock of sailors.
Imagery of seashells, sea–rocks and sea–life in the images surging from the 'lacerated body' and the
net held in the hand of the man on the right bottom corner of the piece support this

Truth Behind The Mirror
Reflections no longer hold truth when encased by a mirror. There is darkness behind the glass that
seeps into people's subconscious. As it lingers inside them, it does not let up on its firm grasp on the
victim. This demonstrates how society's views can have a negative effect on an individual. Outside
pressure can become an overbearing force that is placed on individuals. People should not try to
capsize a stable boat when there is nothing wrong with it. People are too focused on what makes
them different from society, and how that is a negative thing. However, being unique is what makes
them beautiful. Comparing murky pond water and a crystal clear mirror allows people to see the
distortions in themselves and how everything is not surface deep. When looking into a murky pond
or a clear mirror, people perceive a distorted version of themselves. A pond drenched by pouring
rain soon causes the overflowing waters to escape from the banks and loosens the rich, black soil.
The next day, the cloudy pond is consumed by the disrupted mud which dims the reflection that is
cast when the on looker is looking in. As the mud rises to the surface, the image people have of
themselves become muddled. Mud that is now stirred in with the water will not let the sediment
float back to the pond's bottom which makes it appear that the once clear water will forever remain
as a diluted pond. Even the moss that is scattered on the surface limits the person's view, and
capsizes on their

Different Methods Used For The Diagnosis Of The Cancer
In the medical field, currently various methods are used for the diagnosis of the cancer. Mostly the
cancer specialist uses the gland structure for the diagnosis of the cancer patient. Hence the glandular
structure observation is very important for the cancer patient disease diagnosis. For the disease
diagnosis purpose we required the microscopic image of the gland. A single gland contains
thousands of tissues and cells in it, some of them may be overlapped to each other. In this paper we
used the, Saliency Map Method, for the segmentation of the input image given by the user. Then we
have used the Visual Signal To Noise Ratio (VSNR) Method, This method is used to detect the
overlapped cells and it also plays the important role to separate the overlapped cells. The VSNR
method is also helps to detect the various features of the gland like area, eccentricity and the
orientation of each cells present and detect the total area covered by cells in that image. from all
above observations the pathologist can easily predict the disease.
Keywords: Gland Structure, Cells, Microscopic images, Segmentation.. 1. INTRODUCTION
Tissue diagnosis [1] is the very important factor in the modern day medical field. The tissue
diagnosis technique helps to detect various diseases easily from the glandular images. For such type
of tissue diagnosis the tissue samples are taken from the patients and then these tissue samples are
viewed under the microscope by pathologist. As soon as the

Distortion In Art Analysis
Art is experienced best on an emotional level rather than just the beauty, pleasure or understanding
of it. Artists will use their form of artwork to pass along their views and feelings. Teresa López's and
Wendy Ewald's "The Phantom" is a piece of art that invokes many emotions. It simulates both the
possibility of comfort or fear of the unknown and the anxious waiting of the known through its
immaculate composition. This is done through its use of dense distortion and contrasting colors.
Through distortion the artists get us to focus on the phantom that is the only source of light and the
contrasting colors make us realize how contrasting our perceptions can be. By employing the use of
distortion in the painting, the authors are able to

Distortion In The Things They Carried
Tim O'Brien's novel, The Things They Carried, the chapter "Spin", highlights how when a writer
formulates their story, certain details will always be intentionally left out, and by stringing together
disconnected ideas and memories, O'Brien reveals that distortion is ineluctable. Writing lies on the
fundamental principal that writers have the ability to manipulate people into believing what they say
by highlighting certain facts and ignoring others.
"Spin" consists of numerous sentence fragments and different anecdotes in order to demonstrate the
ambiguous and complicated nature of war. O'Brien considers war to be"...like a Ping–Pong ball. You
could put fancy spin on it..." (O'Brien 31). O'Brien leaves out most of the context required to
understand

Distortion In The Penelopiad
Margaret Atwood's The Penelopiad directly challenges and explores the issues, conflicts and
expectations faces by women living in a patriarchal society. In her subversion of Homer's mythic,
The Odyssey, Atwood's polyphonic novella introduces a range of new perspectives; Penelope and
her maids, preciously ignored and disregarded in the original myth. These new perspectives raise
issues about the validity of narrators, and the ways in which myths are distorted within the context
of their original writers. The ignorance of these perspectives originates from the archaic viewpoints
of women and lower classes in the time of the original writing and this viewpoint is still evident in
society in the present day. As such Atwood presents a postmodern text that challenges the social
paradigm of the ignorance of female and lower class identities and which prohibits the fair
distribution of justice to these social groupings. Perspectives, ideals and concepts offered to the
reader through mythology come from a context of the time and place of which it was written.
Atwood uses intertextual subversion to highlight and contrast the bias and distortion that has taken
place in the original telling of the odyssean myth. Odysseus's unsympathetic adultery "",
psychopathic tendencies "" ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Atwood uses the oxymoron of death, connotative of the loss of knowledge and consciousness, and
the idea of complete knowledge, connotative of life, "now that I am dead, I know everything".
Atwood attempts to show that in life, truth is so obscured by the distortions of conflicting ideals and
perspective in life, that only in death is the reality of this world revealed. Atwood further uses the
connotation of 'spinning', "So I'll spin a thread of my own" to parallel the confusion and
disorientation that exists in the original portrayal of the

Distortion in Brave New World Essay
Distortion in Brave New World
Distortion is an image of a thought or idea that appears to have a single affect on a society, but in
actuality provides one that is totally different. Often times in order for readers to understand the
realism of today's society and the point that the author tries to make in presenting its flaws, the
writer must distort reality. In doing this he urges the reader to engage in a deep thought process that
forces them to realize the reality of a situation, rather than perceiving it to be good or evil based on
the dilutions of individuals. In his novel Brave New World, Aldous Huxley uses tomorrow's
dystopia and distorts it by creating a utopian visage. By distorting religion and science, Huxley
allows ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The "Charing Cross Tower," which is now the "Charing – T Tower," symbolizes the religious icons
that the society has (61); the T itself is a distorted cross, and thus further shows that though the
society thinks it can live without religion, it can not. Though the society has no God, the year of the
"Ford's first model – T" and the birth of Christ both act "as the opening date of ... [a] new era" (52).
In their society, not only is the T a powerful symbol, such as a cross is in today's, but the influence
of it also. Religion helps individuals believe that life is or will be better, and soma, which is
considered the "advantages of Christianity" is "euphoric, narcotic, [and] pleasantly hallucinant"
allowing the individual to feel that life is better than it actually is (53–54). In addition to distorting
religious symbols, the author also does the same for religious leaders. Though the utopia believes
that it can live without a religious leader, they follow their leader Mustapha Mond as if he were the
Pope. With distortion, Huxley allows the reader to visualize the religious society that the brave new
world has created, and the religious society that they try to avoid.
Not only is religion distorted, but science as well. The utopia utilizes science in such a way that it
believes it can free and liberate their thought and souls, when in actuality

Optical Distortion
Optical Distortion Case
Introduction
Optical Distortion Inc. is a small new company, not yet in business, with a cash asset of $200,000
and a patent for an innovative new product (the only one) which is a contact lens designed to impair
the eyesight of chickens. . These lenses are used instead of debeaking. Lensed chickens are more
likely to survive. They also eat more efficiently than debeaked chickens. The key issue facing ODI
is "How to market these lenses?". The analysis in this paper provides recommendations for ODI on
their marketing and pricing strategy to launch this new product.
Strengths include highly innovative product (main competitive advantages over debeaking arriving
into savings from reduced cannibalization, trauma ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Geographically, ODI should focus on the Pacific region, starting with California and Oregon
because that¡¦s where ODI¡¦s lens has been tested on a number of farms with satisfactory results.
Acquiring 20 farms in just two Southern California counties can give them an impressive start with
a market penetration rate of 7% in the first year. As they acquire farms in California, ODI should
extend their operations to North Carolina and Georgia which along with California account for 25%
of the nation¡¦s chickens. Eventually ODI should spread their regional offices to serve chicken
farmers all over the country.
ODI Managers believe direct sales to chicken farms are the best answer. Salesforce will promote the
product targeting first ¡§opinion leaders¡¨ from farms with more than 10,000 chickens, who tend to
be somewhat less quick to adopt, but are more likely followed by others. One strategy for ODI is to
identify the farmers who are perceived as opinion leaders.
Value to Farmers
Contact lenses from ODI restrict the vision for the birds which completely changes their behavior.
This method of reducing cannibalization is much more effective than debeaking and has huge
economic benefits for the farmers. The benefits for ODI lens are:
„Ï Reduced cannibalization (4.5%) as compared to debeaking (9%);
„Ï Greater feeding efficiency ¡V A

Time Distortion Lies
We all know lying is bad and usually strive to tell the truth to others, but rarely ourselves.
Sometimes people lie without meaning to because they truly believe they are telling the truth. These
people are brainwashed into reacting certain ways in certain situations. They were lied to as
children, told they were fine after being hurt, couldn't do something random because it was impolite,
rudeness is intolerable in any circumstance, and many other lies. When these lies were told during
the developmental period of the child's life they caused the child to misinterpret their own beliefs
and lie to themselves once they reach adulthood. "We all put façades up to one degree or another"
says author Stephanie Ericsson, these façades can so totally convince others of who we are they
begin to convince us as well. However no matter ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Its applied in many different situations but it has the goal to warp time itself so the subject can
experience more of an enjoyable activity. This type of lie is a simple one that most everyone is does
of. This one is when we lie to the amount of time something will take, purposely severely over or
underestimating it. Common examples of Time Distortion Lies are trying to watch an entire Game
of Thrones Episode in the 20 minutes before leaving the house, assuming a twelve paragraph paper
is going to take only two hours to write, or someone will definitely leave after only two drinks. This
harms people by making them waste time on trivial tasks instead of doing things they enjoy. This
also manifests in the common just 5 more minutes before bed, which is the most harmful. This leads
us to believe we can forego the necessary act of sleep, which results in a faster approaching death. A
lack of sleep actively kills the brain, but we ignore this and continue to try and cram more into a day.
This common and seemingly harmless lie is killing

Loftus and Palmer Study
Argue – There are variables that may affect memory and recall.
Aim – How information provided after an event in the form of leading questions may effect peoples
memories.
Experiment 1
Participants – 45 students from the University of Washington.
Procedure – Participants shown seven videos of car crashes ranging from 4 to 30 seconds long. The
videos were excerpts from drivers ed courses so the researchers were aware of the speeds of the
cars. The videos were shown to the participants in random order. After each video participants were
given a questionnaire which asked them to give an account of the film they had seen. Then they
were asked to answer some questions based on what they had seen. Most of the questions were
'filler ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Experiment 2
Participants – 150 students from the University of Washington.
Procedure – The participants were shown a short film of a multiple car crash, which lasted for one
minute, though the action lasted for four seconds. The participants were split into three groups. The
first group were asked: How fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other? The
second group were asked: How fast were the cars going when they hit each other? The third group
was the control group and were not asked about the speed of the cars. A week later the participants
were recalled and asked some more questions about the film. Nine of these were filler questions.
The critical question was: Did you see any broken glass? This question appeared randomly in the
other question. (There was no broken glass in the film)
Results – The results supported that of the first experiment. The participants in the smashed
condition overestimated the speed of the cars. The participants who reported seeing broken glass:
Condition|% who answered yes. Smashed|32%, Hit|14%, Control|12%.
Discussion – The results suggest that the verb used affect memory – altering their perception a week
later. The word smashed incorporates broken glass in to their memories as the word smashed implies
broken glass.
Loftus and Palmer support the reconstructive memory hypothesis. They believe that information
gathered at the time of an icident is

Shape Distortion: The Use Of Angulation In Radiology
The term angulation when used in radiology refers to the direction and degree of the x–ray tube
when it is moved from its standard "start" position, which is always perpendicular to the to the IR in
the Bucky tray. There are countless projections that utilize tube angulation for various reasons.
Frequently, projections use angulation to avoid the superimposition of different anatomic structures.
The reason angulation is used is to cause a controlled or expected amount of shape distortion. Shape
distortion is altering the typical anatomic layout of a structure and usually involves the elongation or
foreshortening of a structure. The direction and degree of angulation directly influence the amount
of shape distortion seen on a radiograph. Alignment of the anatomical part can also affect the image.
Shape distortion is when an image appears either longer or shorter based on the way it is positioned
in relation to both the central ray and the image receptor; foreshortening is when the object appears
shorter than it is in reality, while elongation is when the object appears longer than it truly is. When
imaging a part, the long axis is intended to be placed perpendicularly to the central ray and parallel
to the image receptor. Distortion happens when either the part or the central ray/image receptor are
placed incorrectly. In addition, distortion can also occur due to standard divergence of the beam. The
central ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although, size and shape distortions are initially sound quite complicated, once a radiographer has a
basic understand of the elements that affect each factor, it can be either minimized or used to
improved image quality. Regardless of the situation, a radiographer must understand distortion, as it
is a component that will be faced every day in the field of

Spoiler Warning: Persona Five Palaces
Spoiler Warning: This discusses the way Persona 5 Palaces work, so that this isn't just a P5 player
meme. Not terribly huge spoilers, but this is less vague about some of the Persona 5 terms. If you
have the basic gist of the Palaces, you can totally skip straight to the prompts.
In the world of human cognition, desires are king. They decide what you will do, what you won't do,
and what you will become. However, if they are all that you allow to drive yourself, giving into your
desires without justice, compassion, or morality... they grow distorted. When they do, the world of
human cognition – known formally as the Metaverse – warps to compensate, forming what is known
as a Palace.
A Palace is a testament to those distorted desires. It forms ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
It is a form of navigation (in modern times, an app) that takes three things: Who the user seeks to
find, where their palace is built around in the real world, and what their palace has become in their
mind. If a CEO saw his workplace as a prison and sought to jail his employees eternally, his
workplace would be the where in the real world – and the prison would be the what.
When in the Metaverse, Personas may form – representations of one's inner self, and a weaponized
version of one's Shadow. Personas traditionally awaken in periods of high stress, where one's
Shadow naturally pushes to the forefront.
Persona users will have their clothes distort in the Metaverse to protect them from the possible
distortions a Palace can inflict; these clothes represent their personal vision of rebellion, however
that may be.
There are only two ways to eliminate a Palace. The first way involves killing the shadow, which will
eventually kill the owner. The second way involves stealing their Treasure – their fixation. Their
desires. Treasures are not solid, at first: They cannot be stolen until the real life owner is informed
their desires can, in fact, be stolen, and even that shock will fade fast. Calling cards and immediate
dives are the traditional calling cards of the Treasure thief, and they are useful as

My Experience In Middle School
I still get nightmares about my horrid middle school days. Especially seventh and eighth grade,
those were the absolute worst. I still have flashbacks of horribly straightened bangs covering my
eyes, black versions of my uniform I would dress myself in, and what I now call emo music I would
drown myself in. The memory I won't be able to ever forget however was on September second of
my last year of middle school. Throughout that entire year I was a complete mess. I was crying and
sobbing over trivial things, playing "Therapy" over and over again, and watching my friends vanish
right before my eyes. The people I grew to trust simply threw it back in my face. At that point I felt
as though I was worth nothing. September second was death day, and I do mean that literally. I
remember being indifferent to the confrontation, apathetic towards my dad's worried concerns, and
being completely numb throughout that entire day. Ironically enough it was one of my
acquaintance's birthday that day, and I spent it trying to murder myself. Wonderful.
In case no one was aware, eighth grade was the year my self–esteem (and I guess my life in general)
crashed and burned like Zuko's honor did when he faced his father in an Agni Kai. The rest of the
year was just a blur of me plastering a fake smile on my face. As years went by my thoughts and
moods weren't depressing but, they weren't happy and dandy either. I just stayed indifferent to it all.
In David D. Burns' Feeling Good: The New Mood

Description Of Alice In Wonderland Syndrome
Imagine, you are nine years old, and you're on a trip to Disneyland with your family. It's your turn to
choose a ride to go on and you desperately want to go on the Alice in Wonderland ride. You get in
line and you wait for what feels like ages. Finally, you're up next to go on the ride; you and your
mom step into the caterpillar–shaped cart and the safety bar comes down so it is now resting on top
of your lap. The cart suddenly jerks forward and you are sent into the ride at full speed. You see
ginormous flowers, teacups that are larger than your house, chairs that are the size of salt shakers,
and doors that only a mouse could fit through! When the ride finishes, you are completely
disoriented, and you have no idea what the correct sizes of the objects that you are seeing around
you should be. What if some people felt like this every single day? What you experienced was much
like the symptoms of Todd's Syndrome, more commonly known as Alice in Wonderland Syndrome.
This syndrome was first recorded in 1955 by a British psychiatrist by the name of John Todd. He
named it Alice in Wonderland Syndrome because of the symptoms that the patient's experiences are
much like what Alice experienced in the book Alice in Wonderland written by Lewis Carroll. It is
thought that Lewis Carroll suffered from this neuropsychological condition hence the vivid
distortions pictured in his book. Since being discovered in 1955, only 170 case descriptions have
been published by doctors, so

A Study On Hybrid System
CHAPTER 2
LITREATURE REVIEW
2. 1 Literature Overview
The following literature survey for the current report consists of various papers on hybrid system
published in the IEEE conferences and the journals. The conclusions and explanation is also
described
2.2 Early Developments
2.2.1 Comparison of simulation results of three level & five level H–bridge multilevel inverter by
mamta N. kokate
The conventional two levels Inverter have many limitations for high voltage and high power
application. Multilevel inverter becomes very popular for high voltage and high power application.
The multilevel inverter is started with the three level converters. The elementary concept of a
multilevel converter to achieve higher power to use a series of power semiconductor switches with
several lower voltage dc source to perform the power conversion by synthesizing a staircase voltage
waveform. However, the output voltage is smoother with a three level converter, in which the output
voltage has three possible values. This results in smaller harmonics, but on the other hand it has
more components and is more complex to control. In this paper, study of different three level
inverter topologies and SPWM technique is explain and SPWM technique has been applied to
formulate the switching pattern for three level and five level H–Bridge inverter that minimize the
harmonic distortion at the inverter output. This paper deals with comparison of simulation results of
three levels and five

Comparing Plato And Bacon 's ' The Idols Of The Tribe,...
In discussions of our susceptibility of delusions and false beliefs, Plato argues that humans can
choose whether they want to follow the false beliefs in the darkness, or go into the light by facing all
aspects of reality with honesty. Bacon's argument is similar to Plato's, and Bacon combines the four
mistakes of human nature into four different idols. Idol of the tribe, cave, marketplace, and theater.
Bacon's idols help explain how we are vulnerable to delusions Although Plato and Bacon claim that
we are susceptible to delusions and false beliefs, I claim that the human understanding is vulnerable
to distortion because people bring their own background into their thoughts which distort the truths.
truth is distorted by human understanding and people are teaching the distorted truth to other people,
so people become blinded when they go from the darkness, the bad, to the light, or the good. Bacon
explains what Idols of the Cave are, and how they lead to a distortion of the truth. "The Idols of the
Cave are the idols of the individual man. For everyone (besides the errors common to human nature
in general) has a cave or den of his own, which refracts and discolors the light of nature" (Bacon
131). Here, Bacon describes that every person has their own ¨cave" which represents the fault of
people. The cave distorts the truth and reality, and this is how false facts come to be. Because
everyone has their own cave, one truth is distorted differently by every single person until

What Ifs Cognitive Distortion
I have found that I often fall victim to the "What Ifs" cognitive distortion; I frequently ruminate on
what could happen or what I could have done differently in a particular situation. I have always been
a very cautious individual and I sometimes obsess over how my decisions impact others and what
others might think of my decisions or behavior. I feel that this has a lot to do with my childhood
experiences and my drive to be the "perfect child", which is of course is not possible and not
expected. I was an over thinker who wanted to ensure that I did not cause my parents, the stress and
heartache they had experienced as a result of the behavior of my older sister. There were also very
high expectations that were set by my parents, as

The Causes And Effects Of False Memory
False memory can occur for many different reasons. Some factors include; that the human brain is
very susceptible to suggestion, and the "misinformation and misattribution of the original source of
the information. Existing knowledge and other memories can also interfere with the formation of a
new memory, causing the recollection of an event to be mistaken or entirely false." (VERYWELL
CITE). For instance, memory researcher Elizabeth Loftus conducted experiments in the mid–
seventies on the effect of third parties incorporating false facts to memories. "Subjects were shown a
slide of a car at an intersection with either a yield sign or a stop sign. Experimenters asked
participants questions, falsely introducing the term "stop sign" into the question instead of referring
to the yield sign participants had actually seen. Similarly, experimenters falsely substituted the term
"yield sign" in questions directed to participants who had actually seen the stop sign slide. The
results indicated that subjects remembered seeing the false image. The introduction of false cues
altered participants' memories." (STANFORD JOURNAL).
Then there is an original memory. By definition, an original memory is "the process of interpretation
that occurs at the very formation of memory–thus introducing distortion from the beginning.
Furthermore, witnesses can distort their own memories without the help of examiners, police
officers or lawyers." (STANFORD JOURNAL). Our memory can be affected by us

Distortion In The Crucible
Author miller of the crucible is based on distortion and deception of one person lie effects a village
perspective on each other. Salem divine village was changed by the assumption of witchcraft that
changed relationships. John began as a friendly greeting when hale came to Salem but began to fall
off during hales examination. Hale started to question proctor on his belief sense proctor has had
absent days in church (miller 64) "Hale: Twenty–six time in seventeen month, sir. I must call that
rare. Will you tell me why you are so absent?" "Proctor: I surely did come when I could, and when I
could not I prayed in this house." "Hale: Mr. Proctor, your house is not a church; your theology must
tell you that." Proctors starts to feel judged from hale questions making it an unwitting vibe toward
hale. Shortly proctors respect, for the town and hale ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I heard the boot of Lucifer, I see his filthy face! And it is my face, and yours, Danforth! For them
that quail to bring men out ignorance, as I quailed, and as you quail now when you know in all your
black hearts that this be fraud–God damns our kind especially, and we will burn, we will burn
together! Hale knew john didn't mean what he said but sense Mary warren blamed it on proctor. He
had no trust, or belief from anyone so he gave in to the lies. (miller118) "Mary Warren: Don't touch
me–don't touch me! At which the girls halt at the door. "Proctor, astonished: Mary!" "Mary Warren,
Pointing at proctor: You're the Devils man! He is stopped in his tracks." Hale felt responsible for
proctors Act 4 (miller 131) "Hale: You know, do you not, that I have no connection with the court?
She seems to doubt it. I come of my own, Goody Proctor. I would save your husband life, for it he is
taken I count myself his murder. Do you understand

The Four Idols That Distort The Truth
The Four Idols that Distort the Truth in the Darkness
In discussions of our susceptibility of delusions and false beliefs, Plato argues that humans can
choose whether they want to follow the false beliefs in the darkness, or go into the light by facing all
aspects of reality with honesty. Bacon's argue is similar to Plato's and Bacon combines the four
mistakes of human nature into four different idols. Idol of the tribe, cave, marketplace, and theater.
Although Plato and Bacon claim that we are susceptible to delusions and false beliefs, I claim that
the truth is distorted by human understanding and people are teaching the distorted truth to other
people, so people become blinded when they go from the darkness, the bad, to the light, or the good.
Bacon explains what Idols of the Cave are, and how they lead to a distortion of the truth. "The Idols
of the Cave are the idols of the individual man. For everyone (besides the errors common to human
nature in general) has a cave or den of his own, which refracts and discolors the light of nature"
(Bacon 131). Here, Bacon describes that every person has their own ¨cave" which represents the
fault of people. The cave distorts the truth and reality, and this is how false facts come to be.
Because everyone has their own cave, one truth is distorted differently by every single person until
the truth is completely nonexistent. The human mind distorts the truth even more because person has
a different perception on the world. For example,

Use of Narrative in John Boyne’s The Boy in the Striped...
Narrative is a rhetorical structure that distorts reality in order to reveal it. This is an eminently
evident actuality in John Boyne's The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas. Through this distortion, Boyne is
able to evoke the reader's empathy, portray the horror of the Holocaust to a younger audience and
convey human's capacity for inhumanity and indifference. This is achieved by Boyne, primarily
through the exaggeration of innocence throughout the novel, the content presented to the audience,
and the use of a child narrator. Thus, in The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas by John Boyne, narrative is
presented as a composition that distorts in order to reveal.
The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas, by John Boyne, significantly distorts the truth of the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this way John Boyne distorts the innocence of the protagonist in The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas
for the purpose revealing the truth of the Holocaust by admitting the audience to envision and
perceive aspects of it, as well as experiencing emotion. In The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas, Boyne
further distorts fact to allow for a younger audience to conceive the novel.
John Boyne additionally distorts reality in The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas for the purpose of
portraying the occurrence of the Holocaust to a younger audience. Boyne achieves this intention by
distorting the content of the Holocaust, without completely removing its abhorrence and inhumanity.
By allowing young boys to exist within the concentration camp as well as permitting the friendship
of Shmuel and Bruno to continue for such a prolonged period of time, and even occur at all, makes
the concentration camps appear more flexible and less lurid than in truth. Furthermore, the
eradication of the aspect of death and torture of the Jews abates the horror and repugnancy of the
Holocaust, permitting for a younger audience to perceive the novel. People must constantly be
reminded of the Holocaust, since its atrocities fade into history with the passage of time. Hence,
since "narratives are the main way we make sense of things," The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas
informs and reminds both youth and maturity of the horrors of

Summary Of The Naked Citadel
Confirmation bias is the phenomenon of choosing to accept information that appeals to one's beliefs.
It blinds oneself from another's perspective. It is a cycle that reflects people's lack of open–
mindedness. Most Democrats grow up in liberal environments while most Republicans grow up in
conservative environments. These environments affect their political stances, as well as other beliefs
and ideals they have. They then share their beliefs and ideals to those around them and future
generations. These beliefs and ideals we acquire blind us from seeing and understanding another's
perspective. In "The Naked Citadel," the admission of a female named Shannon Faulkner into The
Citadel, an all–male military college, followed by the immediate retraction of the admission lead
Susan Faludi to investigate the college. After observing the mannerisms of the cadets in the college,
Faludi exposes their cruel and sexist ideals in an effort to push her readers to have similar
impressions of The Citadel, a sexist college known for its intense hazing. In another essay,
"Selections from Losing Matt Shepard," Beth Loffreda describes the media–filled aftermath of a
young gay male was beaten and left for dead by two of the town's residents. What is not directly
stated, yet clearly present, are the authors' viewpoint on the matters. Both authors try manipulating
their point of views into the minds of their readers. Media persuades the public to pay attention to
the stories they want to portray,

Dove Distortion
Edited, Distorted, Altered. These words describe what happens to a photo when manipulated by
Photoshop. The Dove Evolution commercial creates an example of this by using cosmetics and
distortion to create a "perfect" woman out of what the World would see as just an average woman.
The creation and distribution team consisting of Tim Piper and Dove started the Real Beauty
Campaign as a simple conversation between women about widening the definition of beauty. All
women should encompass the natural beauty of herself instead of looking to photoshopped models
for satisfaction. Beauty is for everyone. The commitment Dove makes to women across the world
helps to form a bond between the consumer and the producer. This bond can also be better known as
an argument which encompasses an ethos appeal. Women have come to trust and relate to Dove and
therefore are more likely to recognize and purchase their products over other brands. When the
world sees this commercial, they see an average american woman. Blonde hair, blue eyes, medium
length hair, not overly attractive, yet not unattractive. This allows for the views to be able to connect
to the woman they see in visual text realizing that before the photoshop, she is just like them.
Visual text creators and product distributors work together to relay a message on to the viewers. The
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This ability to feel based off of a commercial makes a pathos appeal for an argument. Feeling
towards a commercial forms a connection between the product and the consumer enticing the
consumer to buy this product over another. Assuming the majority of viewers and readers see the
models depicted in magazines and commercials as what beauty should be, there is an overall
impression of amazement that the vision of beauty can be technologically driven instead of naturally

Morrison Distortion
Morrison captivates the audience and communicates the enduring effects of slavery on the African
American community through the distortion of time through the constantly changing setting.
Throughout the novel, Morrison constantly changes the setting and alters the natural order of time.
When Paul D first arrives at 124, Sethe says to Paul D, "'You can't leave right away Paul D.'"
(Morrison 8) Reminding Sethe of the past, Paul D replies, "'Well, long enough to see Baby Suggs,
anyway. Where is she?'" (Morrison 8) Answering Paul D's question, Sethe replies, "'Dead.'"
(Morrison 8) After Paul D enters 124, he immediately reminds Sethe of the fact that Baby Suggs
died and their past as slaves. And as a result, Morrison interests and confuses the ... Show more
In the beginning of the novel, Beloved is a character that appears one day resting on a tree trunk and
is seemingly without a backstory. It becomes apparent that Beloved is in fact the spirit of one of
Sethe's dead children because Morrison writes, "But once Sethe had seen the scar...Sethe played all
the harder with Beloved, who never got enough of anything: lullabies, new stitches, the bottom of
the cake bowl..." (Morrison 282). Sethe realizes that Beloved is the reincarnation of daughter
because the scar that Beloved has is the result of Sethe killing her children. Furthermore, Sethe
spoils Beloved with as much motherly love as possible in order to make up for killing her.
Therefore, Beloved personifies the past because she is the literal embodiment of Sethe's daughter's
spirit coming to life. However, not only does Beloved embody the spirit of Sethe's dead child
Beloved also embodies the psychological trauma of Sethe's past because if it were not for slavery
then Sethe would not have to kill her child and experience the vengeful spirit known as Beloved.
Therefore, Beloved is a constant reminder to Sethe of Sweet Home's atrocities. Morrison uses the
revival of the past through Beloved in order to comment on the enduring effects of slavery because
Morrison suggests that those who have been affected by slavery will forever be haunted by their
captivity. Furthermore, this

Memory Distortion
Memory vs. Experience Do we really know what is true to remember? Do we really remember the
actual memory? Although some people do not believe that people can mentally delete parts of a
memory, many cases prove this method of memory distortion. The perception people remember that
they had within a memory is what forms the factual pieces of a memory. During the recall and
retrieval process, a memory is replayed consistently, but the more times it is replayed, the more
times new and inaccurate information is added to the memory. We do not choose between
experiences; we choose between memories of experiences. Our memory is tampered with by the
many factors that interfere with the encoding process of memory, therefore, changing the memory
altogether. Experimental work on memory distortion has caught the consideration of the more
extensive emotional wellness field, of the legitimate calling, and of the overall population. One
reason is this: In the most recent decade, hundreds if not a great many of patients have risen up out
of psychotherapy charging their fathers and moms, their uncles and granddads, their previous
neighbors, their previous instructors and specialists, and endless others, of sexually manhandling
them years prior. The patients frequently guarantee that they have stifled or separated the ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In some sense the trials in the deception worldview, in which individuals are given transcripts said
to have been given by different witnesses of a severe event, can be considered as exhibitions of
social impacts on memory. This is particularly valid for such studies that have analyzed the
credibility of the source giving the deceptive data [Underwood 8: Pezdek, 1998]. Then again,
efficient studies manipulating social weight and gathering agreement on false recollections are only
just now starting to

Carl Rogers : An Influential Humanistic Psychologist
Carl Rogers
Carl Rogers (1902–1987) was an influential humanistic psychologist, who built off the foundation
laid by Maslow (McLeod, 2007). As set out below, Rogers established nineteen propositions that
form the foundation of his theories (Guide, n.d.):
1. People make sense of themselves, others and the world based on their unique and constantly
changing experiences.
2. A person's understanding of reality is unique and shaped by what the person experiences and how
the person deals with those experiences.
3. Everyone has a personal view of reality, controlling how they live their lives.
4. Part of everyone's reality is that person's sense of self.
5. Sense of self is fluid, but has some consistent perceptions, and comes from a person's perceptions
and experiences, with emphasis on the person's comparison of self to others and the perceived
opinions and judgments from others.
6. People have a natural instinct to care for themselves, heal and grow, including keeping themselves
safe and becoming their best selves.
7. Only by understanding how the other person sees themselves, others, and the world, can one
person truly understand another person.
8. People act, based on their experience of reality, to meet their needs as they perceive them.
9. People tend to be emotionally present in behavior, their feelings a part of attempts to meet
perceived needs; strength of feelings show the need's importance.
10. The values people assign to their

Architectural Distortion Essay
B– Architectural distortion and developing asymmetry:
For accurate interpretation, the right and left oblique lateral views as well as the two craniocaudal
views should be placed side by side. Although normal breasts are often not completely symmetrical,
any significant departure from symmetry should be evaluated for the presence of speculation or
underlying mass. (Jeinfer et al., 2008).
Although it is difficult to detect architectural distortion in its early stage, it is defined as tethering of
glandular tissue (the presence of abnormal trabecular markings) with the production of radiating fine
spicules unassociated with a central dense mass. It is very often associated with malignancy and
may be is the only evidence of carcinoma as in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, global asymmetry is of concern when there is associated architectural distortion, an
apparent decrease in breast size at mammography, skin thickening, axillary adenopathy, or clinical
findings. Breast cancers manifesting as global asymmetry are likely to be large.
Global asymmetry can be due to underlying invasive lobular carcinoma, particularly when
associated with architectural distortion without a central mass Fig (4.11) or an apparent decrease in
breast size (the "shrinking breast") .(Jeinfer et al ., 2008)
Fig. (4.11): (A) and (B) Bilateral MLO and CC mammograms show area of architectural distortion
at the right upper outer quadrant. Impression: Suspicious for malignancy. Histopathology:
Infiltrating lobular carcinoma. (Quoted from Muttarak, 2010).
Invasive lobular carcinoma accounts for 6%–9% of all breast cancers. Most breast cancers enlarge
en mass, like a ball getting larger, whereas invasive lobular carcinoma spreads in single–layer sheets
of tumor cells similar to a spider web. The breast density may increase and the breast tissue becomes
less compliant. This may result in architectural distortion, manifested as straight lines, typically in a
radial pattern in the breast. (Jeinfer et al .,

Distortion Of Memory
What is very prominent in The Sense of an Ending by Julian Barnes is the distortion of memory.
This distortion sets up the authenticity of the history and narration in this novel. During my first
reading I thought that Tony was an unreliable narrator. I thought this because he does not remember
the way things happened nor did he know of every detail because he wasn't always around to
witness it. As he says on the first page talking about the list of things he can remember "This last
isn't something I actually saw, but what you end up remembering isn't always the same as what you
have witnessed." (3) However, after re–reading this novel and seeing that Tony is aware of his lapse
in memory he became a more reliable narrator for me. I want to argue that since Tony is aware of
the fact that he has shortcomings when it comes to his memories his narration becomes reliable.
I was originally saying that Tony was an unreliable narrator because of him talking about things that
we was not around for and events that he did not remember clearly. It is this exact reasoning for my
change of thought as well. Tony is being straight forward about the fact that we can not actually trust
his telling of events. He is not trying to pull this story off as this is exactly what happened and this is
how my memory of them changed over time. This ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This very notion of untrustworthiness makes us believe his narrations. Again he does not
specifically say yes this is what was said, this is how it went. No, he questions what he is saying
while at the same time remembering his best impressions. For example when Tony is speaking of an
exchange he says, "Was this their exact exchange?" (20) instead of acting like he remembered
exactly what happened he told us that he could not remember how it happened and gave us his
lapsed memories as a version that he could think

Perceptual Distortion
As we communicate everyday, we are forced into the process of perception, both consciously and
unconsciously analysing the many features of interpersonal communication. However, this process
is often not so straight forward and we find our perception distorted. This concept of Perceptual
Distortion relates to a number of theories developed to highlight how misjudgement in
communication often occurs and to a great extent are to blame for interpersonal misunderstandings.
Our interpersonal communications rely heavily upon the assumptions of the individual, focussed on
how each communicator perceives the other. As Solomon and Theiss (YEAR) state, "perception is
the process by which a person filter and interprets information" leading to a presumed ... Show more
60) in which we analyse each other. The first of which refers to the idea of selection, in which the
individual "limits the processing of external stimuli by selectively interpreting what he or she sees
based on beliefs experiences or attitudes" (Sherif & Cantril 1945). This provides evidence that our
perception of people is largely influenced by personal ideals. Solomon and Theiss take this further
by highlighting that this "selection of stimuli for further processing happens subconsciously" and
therefore the process is not effected by rational thinking but our internal belief. More specifically,
"Selective Attention" (Devito 2012, p. 61) refers to the concept of only taking notice of the features
that "fulfil your needs" (Devito 2012, p. 61). In regard to my instance of misunderstanding, much of
my wronged perception came from the idea that due to my own personal bias, influenced by rumour,
I only saw Josh as a stereotypical 'Jock' figure. Someone of little intellectual skill who was
judgmental, and not wanting to take part in anything other than sport or social activities. This meant
that my own Selective Attention was focussing upon traits and features that would confirm such
beliefs. This relates to the perceptual distortion theory of Perceptual Accentuation which highlights
that our perception is often defined by the individual seeing "only what you expect and want to see"
(Froemling, Grice, & Skinner, 2011). In need of confirming my initial beliefs, I sought the
perception that Josh was a representation of the stereotypical 'Jock' features. This meant I looked
past other peripheral traits and focussed solely on those that would confirm my belief, only seeing
what I wanted to

Self Reflection Paper
It's a day in mid–July right before my freshman year and marching band is about to start. My mom
has the day off because in order for me to be in the band, I have to go to the doctors to get a sports
physical. The nurse calls me to the back and tells me, "Okay Maryna, we're going to weigh you and
take your blood pressure." I am super self–conscious about my weight especially when other people
have to see the exact pounds, so hearing that and knowing I have to get on a scale in front of my
mom and the nurse is the scariest thing I could ever hear. My heart is a train pounding down the
tracks. As I took my shoes off to get on the scale I would think to myself, the nurse and doctor are
going to talk shit about my weight, my mom is going to be so pissed about how much I've gained,
What the hell is wrong with me? This is when I realized I have a poor self–esteem. This is only one
of the many occasions on how I've suffered with JUMPING TO CONCLUSIONS. The thought of
the nurse and doctor talking about my weight was me making a negative interpretation even though
there were no facts that they would be talking about it. I didn't even bother to look into it and
instead, and I illogically concluded they were talking negatively about me. In A Review of General
Semantics "Opening the Closed Mind: Making Assumptions, Jumping to Conclusions" the author
states, "Our unconscious assumptions indicate how we really feel about things" (Berman). Believing
they were talking poorly about my weight was making me feel even worse about myself. Another
factor that affects my self–esteem is OVERGENERALTIZATION. I have one negative experience
and I believe it will occur over and over again. I had a doctor's appointment and as usual they took
my height and weight. My mom and I were taken to our assigned room and when the nurse closed
the door my mom was pissed. She was as angry as a raging bull. She was at a loss for words on how
much weight I gained from the last doctors appointment I had. That day is what made me nervous to
get on a scale in front of my mom because her reaction to my weight would make me feel even
worse about it. In Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy Burns states, "You arbitrarily conclude
that one thing that happened

Distortion Essay
Any agreement between two or more gatherings requires taking compelling measures before settling
on any choice, to guarantee and stay away from an insufficiency or result that may occur later on.
Nonetheless, there is one particular variable, distortion, which might influence the choice of the
offered party notwithstanding when they have cleared every one of the measures that ought to be
taken. Distortion is a type of misdirection where one gathering expresses a misleading articulation
or act to the next gathering before the agreement was made, along these lines coming about the
affectation of the other party to enter the agreement. In the business world, each representor searches
for the best advantage of his/her ware while arranging an agreement with another gathering.
Lamentably, it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is hard to recognize the best out of these two systems for they have their advantages and
disadvantages in specific fields when making a move to give justice.to.the.victims.of the liars. For
instance, the Common Law
denies.numerous.casualties.the.fitting.legitimate.activity.without.composed.confirmation.or
confirmation, in this way letting.numerous.deceptive.vendors.escape with their.vindictive behavior.
Regardless, the UAE law works the inverse way; they might support the casualty, however they
don't offer a feeling of genuine discipline to the double crosser. It is likewise obvious that without
the Common Contract Law there would not have been the presence of the Civil Law. There might be
contrasts in how every framework works towards the circumstance, because of the social and
religious convictions that every law takes after, however they both point in securing
the.consumer.from.false.or fake cases that incite the customer into acquiring something, or going
into an understanding and allows him/her to case hurts by virtue of tricky

Cognitive Theory Paper
Cognitive Theory Paper
Cognitive Therapy
Ngina Hardy
University of North Texas at Dallas
COUN 5710– Counseling Theories
November 12, 2012
Dr. Jennifer Baggerly
Cognitive Therapy "The greatest discovery of my generation is that human beings can alter their
lives by altering their attitudes of mind." William James (Whitbourne, 2011)
When we hear the word cognitive, several words come to mind such as, reasoning, thinking or
learning. It sends implications of a person's conscious intellectual ability that contribute to the
academic, social and occupational success of that individual. It even correlates directly with a
person's logic and reasoning skills ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I arrive in the session without any preconceived notions about Bruce although his history of
slanderous behavior toward male classmates is well known around the school. It is my perception
that he's appearing to gain control of his environment by presenting strong front with this bullying
behavior especially since recently injuring his knee during a football game and being unable to
participate in sports. I am very interested to find out in our initial session about where his thinking
process was derived and if he is aware where many of his behaviors may be centered around. It
became evident after listening to Bruce discussing his upbringing that many of his influences
directly affect the content of his thinking and behaviors. Living in a strict, Catholic military home,
he was constantly told statements like "children should be seen and not heard" "respect adults no
matter what circumstances" and "real men aren't sissies." On the other end of the spectrum his
mother is an alcoholic and he spent quite a bit of his childhood caring for her and scared he would
find her dead after she went on a drinking binge. He did

Voltaire's Use Of Distortion
Simi Singh
Ms. Russell
Humor and Satire (H)
Sept. 20, 2017
Candide Essay
Prompt: In questioning the value of literary realism, Flannery O 'Connor writes: "I am interested in
making a good case for distortion because I am coming to believe that it is the only way to make
people see." Following your study of Candide, write an essay in which you examine Voltaire's use of
distortion; how is he using it and to what extent does he succeed in "mak[ing] people see"? In other
words, how did Voltaire incorporate distortion in order to make his readers see or think about the
world differently? Provide a focused claim with well–chosen textual evidence in support of your
analysis.
Voltaire uses the literary device of distortion throughout his ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Candide 's hyperbolic optimism is Voltaire's way of jeering at the German philosopher and
mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz. In the Leibniz's theodicy (1710) he wrote that the
world must be "the best of all possible Worlds" which is clearly where Pangloss' statement comes
from. Another dig is at John Locke who believed that the human brain is like a blank tablet, or
tabularasa, on which the natural world produces the individual 's understanding and beliefs. By
having Candide be an example of a student who has no ideas of his own and acts like a tabularasa,
Voltaire mocks the famous physician and member of the Royal Society.
Another main character whose name conveys a multi–faceted is Cunegonde. Cunegonde's name is
from a German derivation of the word kuni which means family and Gund which means war. There
were many famous German women with her name, but due to the interesting history of the German
empress also known as Cunegunda, it is probable that the character's name is an allusion to her. She
married Duke Henry IV of Bavaria, who was the future Emperor Henry II. There are many
interesting facts about her which include the fact that since their marriage was childless, a legend
arose that she and the emperor had vowed perpetual virginity. Furthermore, combined with the fact
that her name is a combination of two french words with Latin roots that have to do with genitalia
the name becomes a type of pun, which is a

Darkness Byron Distortion
The "Darkness" written by Lord Byron introduces the story by stating "I had a dream which was not
all a dream" (line 1). This indicates that Byron used illusion that is somewhat realistic to show
distortion; as a romantic poem, the introduction emphasizes escape to fictional world from reality.
Moreover, the entire poem prophesizes end of the world, which many people during the Romantic
Era considered that idea as a trend. The darkness, an entity that breaks the law of nature, is known to
bring the end or the world: "did wander darkling in the eternal space" (line 3). The negative emotion
of survival has tainted the whole poem, which emphasizes the author's emotion of his life when he
experienced separation of love ones or hardship throughout

Time Distortion
Time flies when you are having fun, as the old adage says, may have some real psychological value
behind it. Do angry faces seems to resonate for longer periods of time as compared to happy faces?
How does this distortion occur with the time passage of time identical in both scenarios? We
frequently encounter emotional facial expressions in our daily lives. These facial expressions help us
to judge an individual's attitudes and feelings. But is there really a time distortion between angry and
happy faces, and how does this time distortion occur? In 1977, John Gibbon described the Scalar
Expectancy Theory in animals. Gibbons created a model for the passage of time using internal
pulses, these pulses are sent out by the pacemaker. The pacemaker emits pulses at regular intervals
without any disruptions. Pulses flow from the pacemaker into the accumulator through the switch.
When the switch is closed the pulses enter the accumulator, and stop when the switch is open. The
accumulator makes a determination on the length of the event depending on the amount of pulses in
the accumulator from the event. Delays with the opening and closing of the switch can manipulate
the amount of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The researchers looked at time perception, as it related to the facial expression of happy, angry, and
sad versus neutral. Participants were asked to judge whether the faces presented were viewed were
more similar to long or a short time duration. The time facial stimuli presented were actually
presented in in–between time durations. Participants were found to overestimate time for emotional
faces over neutral faces. These results supported an increase in the internal clock which increased
pacemaker speed. Results also showed a greater time dilation in participants making judgements
about same gender faces as compared to different gender

Optical Distortion
Introduction Optical Distortion Inc. is a small new company with a patent for an innovative new
product which is a contact lens designed to impair the eyesight of chickens. The analysis in this
paper provides recommendations for ODI on their marketing and pricing strategy to launch this new
product.
Market Segmentation There is substantial evidence in the case to suggest that ODI should segment
the market based on flock size of the farms and focus their marketing and sales strategy towards
farms with more than 10,000 birds. As illustrated in Exhibit 4 of the case study, number of chicken
farms with flock size less than 10,000 has vastly shrunk between 1964 and 1969. This trend has
continued and it is estimated that between 1975 and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some of the advantages of an initial high pricing strategy are: 1) the high initial price does not
attract competitors from the market 2) it communicates the image of a quality product 3) can extract
the maximum revenues from the market while facing no competition from other vendors, 4) leaves
room for initial promotions or bulk discounts. By 1979 ODI would have already gained enough
market–share to effectively use economies of scale to bring down their average costs allowing them
to further lower their prices. A lower price will discourage firms from entering the market as
potential competition. There are some clear challenges facing ODI in terms of implementing the
above strategy. Higher initial prices would require ODI to hire some best–in–class sales people who
can justify the price to farmers by convincing them with the value–analysis of the product and also
meet the aggressive penetration rate targets. This might push the cost of the product (pricing floor)
further up eating into their operating margins. ODI should continue investing in research to meet
their goal of a multi–product and multi–market company in the long run.
Appendix A – ODI 's value to chicken farmers
Number of Birds 20,000 50,000 75,000 100,000
Savings from reduced cannibalization* 2160.00 5400.00 8100.00 10800.00
Trauma savings**

Cognitive Theory And Social Work
Cognitive Theory in Social Work
Cognitive Theory claims that behavior can be changed through changing faulty thinking, irrational
thoughts, automatic thoughts, or learned cognitive misconceptions. When a client has negative
images of themselves or their accomplishments, it sets the pace for their behavior, perceptions and
expectations; when that thinking is exposed as faulty to the client, the client can then begin to
change their behavior based upon restructured, truer images of reality. It has been shown to be
effective therapy for individual, group, marital and family treatment, in treating depression,
addiction, anxiety, PTSD, personality disorders, and some organic conditions such as schizophrenia,
and in many social work settings, such as child welfare, private practice, mental health, crisis
intervention, and health care.
History
Until and through the 1960's, psychotherapy was dominated by Freud's psychoanalysis, with client–
centered therapy following at a distant second. Cognitive Theory was first introduced by Alfred
Adler, who originally worked with Freud, but departed from Freud's theory that human behavior
was motivated by id/ego/super ego and sexual drivers, in favor of believing it was driven by their
"lifestyle" – ideas and beliefs about themselves and their world. Although Adler has been referred to
as the first cognitive theorist and therapist, cognitive theory has developed and evolved over time,
through the theories and practices of many other

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