To What Extent Is The Haitian Revolution Connected With...

To what extent is the Haitian revolution connected with...
As Michael McFaul, the United States Ambassador to Russia said, "In retrospect, all revolutions
seem inevitable. Beforehand, all revolutions seem impossible." The same was the case with the
Haitian Revolution that started in 1791 and finally ended with the independence of Haiti in 1805.
The slaves of Haiti could never have imagined rising up against the authorities let alone doing it and
seeing it through till its end. Light a match and see the fire spread. The match was the French
Revolution which not only left its permanent mark on history but became an example and
inspiration for many revolutions to come. "The Haitian revolution was one of the two successful
attempts, along with the American Revolution, to achieve permanent independence ... Show more
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This regime is oppressive, but it gives livelihood to several million Frenchmen. This regime is
barbarous but a still greater barbarism will be the result if you interfere with it without the necessary
knowledge". The capitulation to profit over principle demoralized the assembly, especially the
Jacobins, the left wing of the revolution, and their supporters among the Parisian masses. Thus the
process that had started in the French Revolution calling for equality had now found its place in
Haiti. Amid the tide of reaction, the Jacobins sharpened their ideas and cultivated their leadership of
the French artisans and peasants. In San Domingue, C.L.R James writesin his book the Black
Jaccobins, the Black slaves "had heard of the revolution and had construed it in their own image: the
white slaves in France had risen, and killed their masters, and were now enjoying the fruits of the
earth. It was gravely inaccurate in fact, but they had caught the spirit of thing. Liberty. Equality.
Fraternity".
The French peasants and artisans, the mass base of the French Revolution, faced the same quandary
as the Black slaves. The bourgeoisie had already attempted to rein in the radicalization. It was the
masses and their Jacobin leadership that would bring the revolution to its grandest heights, finally
eradicating the monarchy and abolishing slavery. The assembly had sent a new commission to San
Domingue to secure peace between the big whites and free men of color,
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Haitian revolution Essay
In 1791 revolution broke out in the French colony of Saint Domingue, later called Haiti. The Haitian
Revolution resounded in communities surrounding the Atlantic Ocean. One of the wealthiest
European outposts in the New World, the Caribbean island's western third had some of the largest
and most brutal slave plantations. Slave laborers cultivated sugar, coffee, indigo, and cotton, and
they endured horrible death rates, requiring constant infusions of slaves from Africa. In 1789
roughly 465,000 black slaves lived in the French colony on the island, along with fewer than 31,000
whites. In addition, there were about 23,000 free blacks and mixed–race people called gens de
couleur, who might own land and accrue wealth but had no political ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The war became more complicated in 1793 when the British invaded Saint Domingue. The Spanish,
who had a colony on the eastern two–thirds of Hispaniola, also entered the fray by supporting
armies of escaped slaves, including a force under the command of an ex–slave named Toussaint
Louverture. Pressed on all sides, commissioners from republican France, led by Leger Felicte
Sonthonax in the northern part of the colony, began to extend freedom and citizenship to every slave
in summer and autumn 1793. Inspired by this application of the rights of man, the French National
Convention abolished slavery in all French possessions on February 4, 1794. This action
transformed the conflict. Louverture abandoned the Spanish and began to fight for the French and
the freedom of his people. Over the next couple of years, Louverture consolidated power on the
island and created rigid rules that compelled ex–slaves to work on plantations so as to make the
island productive again. In 1795, because of events in Europe, the Spanish signed a peace treaty that
ceded their colony on the island to the French. In 1798 Louverture negotiated a treaty with the
British, convincing them to leave the island and promising not to support any slave rebellions in
British colonies. He also sought to develop commercial relations with the United States, even as the
Quasi–War (1798–1800) broke out with France, by sending Joseph Bunel to Philadelphia. Bunel
was so successful that he dined

Christopher Columbus Indians
On October 12, 1492, Christopher Columbus received financial support from Queen Isabella and
King Ferdinand from Spain to find an alternate route to India. However, Columbus landed in the
Bahamas and believed that the Natives on the land were Indians. After Columbus' journey to the
New World, the Spanish, the French, the Dutch, and the English began their conquest and
exploration of the New World to spread their culture, gain wealth, and spread t heir religion.
Additionally, the importation of slaves from Africa increased wealth and goods for each European
country. The three points that contributed to the interaction among Europeans, Indians, and Africans
were the marriages between Europeans and Indians, Indians supplying wealth for the Europeans, ...
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The Europeans taught Indians their languages in their missions and tried to civilize them in order to
become part of the European society. In 1514, under the approval of the Spanish government, the
Spanish began to marry Indians, creating a diversity between the Indian culture and the Spanish
culture. Additionally, after the arrival of the Spanish, the French also emulated the Spanish culture
through marriage between Indian women and French traders and officials. Even though the Spanish
focused on quickly converting the Indians to Christianity and the French focused on allowing the
Indians to keep their traditional religion practices, both of the European marriages with Indians
symbolize the spreading of the French and Spanish language and Christianity. The Spanish and the
French desired that if the Indians along with their future generation could speak Spanish or French,
then they would obtain literacy skills to become part of the French or Spanish culture and the ability
to communicate with other people of the French or Spanish nationality. Along with the Spanish and
the French's ability to spread to their language to Indians, the Spanish and the French's action of
spreading Christianity to the Indians illustrated the concept of having more people believe in their
God. If the Spanish and the French had had not married the Indians, the languages, the religions, and
their cultures would not be able to prosper in the New

What Was The Causes Of The French Revolution
Many factors led to the beginning of the slave revolts of Saint–Domingue in August of 1791, a large
portion of which were brought on by the burgeoning Revolution in France. The French Revolution
was an anti–monarchist revolution, which at points would border on anarchy, but one that was
largely based on ideals of egalitarianism. As the Revolution began, the Constituent Assembly passed
a document named 'The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen'. This document, in
which the first clause explicitly states: "Men are born, and always continue, free and equal in respect
to their rights. Civil distinctions, therefore, can be founded only on public utility," gave slave and
free blacks in the French Colonies a belief that issues involving race were progressing. Despite the
progression of idea in the slave colonies, the ruling French government only went so far as to send
out a decree on May 15, 1791 that enfranchised non–whites that were born of free parents. The
Constituent and Legislative Assemblies of the Revolution continued to see slavery as a taboo
subject, and tried to differentiate between the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He continued towards the goal of the end of slavery with the support of French General Etienne
Laveaux. Soon after, in 1795, he became the Lieutenant Governor of Saint–Domingue and
effectively ruled the country autonomously. The British Empire, seeing a weakness in the French
colonial system, sent a force to intervene, which was defeated continuously by freed black slaves.
Toussaint would continue to can popularity and support with ever victory. This continued
intervention by the British Empire "helped the growing power of the blacks and the destruction of
the French slave regime." With his continued growing power as the near–dictator of Saint–
Domingue, Toussaint, in 1801, proceeded to abolish slavery

Djibouti: The Battle Of Ethiopia
As mentioned earlier, the plan to take Djibouti would be put into effect in February of 1941. It was
here that Nyasaland forces, apart of the East African Brigade would help in the fight to secure docks
at Djibouti in order to help restart trading in Ethiopia's trade centers. Earlier, troops had helped
capture the town of Diredawa, which "had cut Djibouti off from most of its supplies." With this
capture, it allowed for the British Royal Navy to create a blockade around the ports and this led to
Vichy French naval forces to surrender in under six weeks. The strength of the blockade included
Nyasaland KAR troops from the 26 East African Brigade. With their surrender, it allowed for Wavell
to negotiate with the French. At the same time, Wavell ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Their goal was to help not only to take back Ethiopia, but also help restore power back to Haile
Selassie, the former leader of Ethiopia. In the next month, Cunningham and the Nyasaland forces,
would engage the Italian forces outside of Mogadishu. Because of his larger army, better equipment,
and weapons, the Italians had no choice but to retreat from the capital. Even though Cunningham
had pushed the Italians out, he was not done yet. He and his Nyasaland forces continued to pursue
them all the away into the Ogaden Plateau. On the 17th, aided by the 11th African Division,
Nyasaland forces were able to advance into Jijiga in only seventeen days. The reason it was so easy
for them to move from Mogadishu to their new location, which was in Ethiopia, was because of the
Italians inability to fight effectively. It forced them to have to evacuate their positions and not
engage the enemy. Near the end of March, Nyasaland forces, along with British and other KAR
forces continued in their pursuit uninterrupted by enemy forces, and took back most of Somaliland.
Now the main goal was to take back Ethiopia and restore its independence. With the country now
back under Selassie's rule, the ruler had agreed with the British that they would be allowed to have a
temporary occupation

Vietnam War 1954 Research Paper
DIEN BIEN PHU WAR 1954
May 7, 2016, sixty two years ago this week, French troops were defeated at Vietnamese forces
at Dien Bien Phu. On May 7, 1954, after two months fighting with forces of the Viet Minh, 8000
French troops still alive in 12 mile–long Dien Bien Phu valley in northwest Vietnamese bound by
Viet Minh army, a lot of French soldier died, more than 3000 French troops died in the battle
"basin to hell", more than 4000 more died in captivity. As historian Julian Jackson explains, it
was a point in the history that turning destiny of both nations. French lost this battle and had to
get out of Vietnam country. Vietnam's Dien Bien Phu 1954 victory ended the colony of French
in Viet Nam land. This battle was a battle that America ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So many Viet Minh
soldier that sacrificed themselves to create the victory for Viet Nam, to end the colony of
French in Viet Nam, also they show for all the Nations in the world that Viet Nam is a strong and
powerful country, we own our land and no one can take it away from us. We died in glory, in
pride, we did not senseless sacrificed, we win our freedom, our freedom was the reward,
Vietnam, our county was the reward, Vietnam people stand up and free their dear country, free
their lands, no one can take Vietnam away from Vietnam people, Vietnam people fight till their
last breathe, they will never give up, never give up the destiny or never give up French. Nothing
is worth than our country's freedom. Victory of Dien Bien Phu war will change whole Vietnam

people lives. They were suppressed so long time, they want to get out, want their freedom.
They want French get out of their lands, here is their country. They own their country. Viet
Minh and Vietnamese people want to win and really do their best to win this war, they want

How Did The French Revolution Influence The Haitian...
Often times the Haitian Revolution is described as the largest and most successful slave rebellion in
the western Hemisphere. It was the result of a long struggle by the slaves in the French colony of St.
Dominique, but was also propelled by the free Mulattos who had long faced problems of being
second–class citizens. They initiated the rebellion in 1791 and by 1803 they had accomplished
ending slavery, and French control over the colony. However, the Haitian Revolution was way more
complex, consisting of many revolutions going on at the same time. They were all influence by the
French revolution of 1789, which represented a whole new concept of human rights, universal
citizenship, and participation in government. The slave revolution that ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Saint–Domingue had become the largest and most brutal slave society of the region after Brazil. The
death rates for the slaves in Saint–Domingue were higher than their birth rates. There were many
causes for the high death rates, but the main one was overwork and malnutrition. The slaves on this
island worked from sun up to sun down. All the while they are working, they were doing so in very
harsh conditions. Their masters treated them as machines, only caring about their revenues. They
were very demanding and gave the slaves little to no medical care. The slaves had very bad living
conditions and often times contracted diseases. Sugar, the main product being shipped from Saint–
Domingue, was very hard to harvest. Some scholars refer to the sugar cane plantation as a factory in
a field. At the same time the demand for sugar was steadily increasing. This treatment was the
driving force behind the slaves during the revolt. They did not want to go back to slavery. Pierre
Mossut described the slave uprising in his letter to one of his employers who was away. It stated in
the Letter to the Marquis de Gallifet "There is a motor that powers them and that keeps powering
them and that we cannot come to know". The slave revolt in Saint–Domingue occurred just before
the most violent years of the French Revolution. All they needed was inspiration to spark the revolt.
A leader was

France 1940-1940: A Military Analysis
After the signing of the armistice in June of 1940, France was divided into two zones: the occupied
zone in the North (controlled by the German) and the free zone in the South (controlled by the Vichy
regime) separated by a demarcation. After his meeting with Hitler, Pétain decided to engage France
in a politic of cooperation. From 1940 to 1945, women and men from all backgrounds joined the
Resistance because they refused to submit to the German soldiers occupying France, as well as the
Vichy government, a collaborator of Nazi Germany.
The maquis, spontaneously formed in the spring of 1943, quickly became aware of the need to be
mentored and led. Therefore, they made calls to active, and reserve, officers that were to make
selections within the ranks, establish discipline and eliminate idleness. Daily military training, in the
maquis, helped initiate the young recruits that had not completed their military service. The day
would start with physical exercises, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The General Koenig, hero of Bir Hakeim, appointed by the Allies, directed the general staff in
London. FFI also had a national general staff, and were organized into regions, departments and
sectors. The establishment of the FFI represented a new phase in the unification of the armed forces
and of the French Resistance. They included the Secret Army (AS), free groups and the ORA
(organization of the resistance army, created after the dissolution of the Armistice Army). Depending
on the region, other groups were also integrated into the FFI. General Koenig, respected by the
Americans and Eisenhower, was recognized as commander in chief of the FFI on the 30th of May
1944. Thus, explains François Marcot in the historical dictionary of the Resistance (Robert Laffont,
collection Mouthpieces, Paris, 2006), it brought the FFI to the status of a "regular army," under
French

French Alliance Turning Point
The French Alliance : Turning Point of the Revolutionary War "Almost as soon as hostilities broke
out at the Battles of Lexington and Concord (April 19, 1775), some revolutionary Americans began
to look toward France for help"("American French Alliance, 1775–1800", 2009). The French
alliance with America strongly influenced the turnout of the Revolutionary War. Before the French
alliance, the remaining years of the war did not look positive for the American forces because they
were losing key battles, such as the Battle of Bunker Hill, and they did not have supplies or
experience like the British. Not being backed by an organized government was a big disadvantage
for the Americans. However, the Americans had some advantages, they used guerrilla ... Show more
The American forces suffered several setbacks soon after the alliance. Robert Rhodes Crout states in
"French Alliance", "A large fleet under Admiral d'Estaing left Toulon on 13 April 1778 and made an
incredibly slow crossing of eighty–seven days that enabled the British fleet to withdraw from the
Chesapeake. D'Estaing failed successively at New York during 11–22 July and Newport during 29
July–31 August 1778". Although the French were providing supplies and naval support to the
Americans, the Americans had to put in the effort necessary to show that they were still in the war to
win. With overconfidence in French support, plans were forsaken, and poor, impractical plans were
made. The French–American allied attack of the British in Savannah in 1779 was another blow to
America's war for independence. "Early in 1780 the French government warned the Americans that
they must do more for themselves, and in April, Congress responded by ordering Kalb south with a
small force of regulars around whom, it was hoped, the militia would rally" (Robert Rhodes Crout
392). Then on August 16, 1780, American fighters lost the Battle of Camden.. After this loss, the
French dispatched the French army to America to participate in the war. The losses made American
troops realized that just because they held an alliance

War After Ww1 Research Paper
HOW DID THE FRENCH FEEL ABOUT WAR AFTER WWI?
The war had a damning effect on the French who felt as though, even though they won, the war
went against all of their morals. Because they felt as though their morals, the French called the war
'la der des ders' which translates to 'a war to end all wars', and declared they no longer wanted to
participate in war. This may have been also because they lost the largest number of people; 1 322
000
WHO FELT A SHIFT IN POSITION FROM STAYING AT HOME TO BECOMING
INDEPENDENT AFTER BEING A LEFT ALONE DURING THE WAR? WHAT CHANGED FOR
THEM?
After the war occurred, the women were no longer seen as housewives, the society began seeing
them as strong and independent. They were seen this way as they survived a ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The 'Annees Folles' occurred in the 1920's, named this as that expression mean the crazy years,
referring to World War I that had ended in the November of 1918. During the 1920's, the French
were still celebrating and remembering the end of the disastrous events that occurred for many
years, the war. From May 1920 to October 1921, there was also the Franco–Turkish war; conflicts
fought between France (the French colonial force and the French Armenian Legion) and the Turkish
provisional government (the Turkish national forces). After WWI, the people were divided by the
concept of communism, where some wanted it, others didn't, and many other events that made the
French call the 1920's the 'Annees Folles' (Crazy Years).
WHY DID THE OPERETTA MOVEMENT APPEAL TO THE FRENCH?
Operetta is a comedic opera that grew overly in the 1920's in countries such as France. This
entertainment appealed to the people of France as during the war a lot of men were lost, breaking
apart families and hearts. In this sad time, people needed something that lightened their spirits, some
turned to alcohol others turned to entertainment, hence this form of opera becoming one of the most

Causes Of The Haitian Revolution
Whenever resistance is practiced, the collaboration of different identities is necessary in order to
successfully take action against an opposition. These diverse identities can be racially different,
sexually different, or even socially different, but still all have one common goal of practicing
resistance. Freed slaves of mixed ancestry in Haiti played more important and powerful roles in
plantation societies than blacks, such as catching slaves and gaining control over blacks. Although
the mixed Haitians had different social identities from African slaves, these groups still collaborated
in the Haitian revolution. Mixed Haitians, called Gens De Couleur or Mulattoes, had more power
than blacks, which created a racial hierarchy that acted as the cornerstone for the Haitian slave
rebellion. The different groups of non–whites recognized the inequality, though on different scales
for each class, and revolted against the French for enforcing these inequalities. With the
collaboration of Affranchis (freed slaves) and African slaves, the Haitian Revolution transpired,
leading to the rebellion against French colonial rule, and thus an anti–slavery nation led by non–
whites. As described by Michael A. Gomez in "Reversing Sail", the conditions of slavery in Haiti
were degrading. In Saint Domingue, the increase in demand for sugarcane and indigo production
increased a need for African slaves. So many slaves were needed, that between 1680 and 1776,
700,000 Africans were brought to

Germany's Use Of The Triple Entente
In 1914, Germany thought that war with Russia was likely. If war did break out, Germany assumed
that France would also attack, as they were part of the Triple Entente. This would mean that if one
country was at war, the countries that are also part of the Triple Entente would have to help.
Furthermore, France was keen for revenge for her defeat in the Franco–Prussian war.
However, if this happened, Germany would face a war on two fronts. Germany wanted to avoid this
whatever the circumstances.
Consequently, in 1905 Alfred Graf von Schlieffen proposed a battle plan, after studying the Russian
military's performance in its ill–fated war with Japan (1904–5). It took nine years to devise– it was
started in 1897, presented in 1905, and revised ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At one point, the French 6th army came close to being beaten however they were rescued by the use
of Paris taxis to rush 6,000 reserve troops to the front line.
On September the 9th, the German commander in chief, Helmuth von Moltke instructed General
Karl von Bulow and General von Kluck to retreat. This was because Moltke feared an Allied
breakthrough because of poor communication from his lines at the Marne. They withdrew to an area
near the river Aisne. The French and British forces were now free to cross the Marne.
By the evening of 10th September, the Battle of the Marne was all over. Throughout the battle, the
French had around 250,000 casualties. The German casualties were thought to be very similar. The
British Expeditionary Force lost 12,733 men during the battle. Nonetheless, Paris was saved.
The Schlieffen Plan had failed. The German hopes of a quick and decisive victory had been
destroyed. Nevertheless, the German army had not been defeated and its triumphant retreat and the
building of trenches between the North Sea to the Swiss Frontier ended all hope of a short

French Imperialism In Vietnam Essay
Abstract
The French colonization in Vietnam was a time of major change political, social, and cultural.
"Although Vietnam was far from France, it was affected by both the world economy and French
politics". Over time, the strict surveillance over the Vietnamese people dwindled and allowed the
freedom of the press and created an idea for new advances. "During 1907 and 1908, Vietnamese
confidence and nationalism grew as new Vietnamese poetry and literature, as well as Vietnamese
opinions of colonization, appeared in materials printed at the schools and in the press". These
actions led to what is known as the Free School Movement where quoc ngu, Romanized
Vietnamese, was taught and the Vietnamese, rather than the French or Chinese, version of ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The people continued, as in precolonial times, to look to the scholar–gentry class for guidance in
dealing with French imperialism and the loss of their country's independence. A few scholar–
officials collaborated with the French, but most did not. Among those who refused was a group of
several hundred scholars who became actively involved in the anticolonial movement. The best
known among them was Phan Boi Chau, a scholar from Nghe An Province, trained in the Confucian
tradition under his father and other local teachers. In 1885 Phan Boi Chau observed at close range
the actions of French troops in crushing scholar–gentry resistance to the colonial overlords. For the
next decade he devoted himself to his studies and finally passed the regional examination with
highest honors in 1905. During the following five years, he traveled about the country making
contacts with other anticolonial scholars and seeking out in particular the survivors of the Can
Vuong movement, with whom he hoped to launch a rebellion against the French. He also sought to
identify a member of the Nguyen ruling family sympathetic to the cause, who would serve as titular
head of the independence movement and as a rallying point for both moral and financial support.
Chosen to fill this role was Cuong De, a direct descendant of Gia Long.[Source: Library of Congress

French Resistance
When France surrendered to Germany on 22 Jun 1940, those who resented Germany occupation and
the Vichy government formed cells that collectively were named the French Resistance. Some
groups were violent in nature, aiming to hurt or kill the German occupiers; these were called
maquis. Other groups used non–violent means, publishing underground newspapers and broadcasted
anti–German and anti–Vichy radio programs. Many of these groups were born after the 18 Jun 1940
address by Charles de Gaulle who encouraged the French people to continue the fight against the
German forces even if the nation surrendered. To take advantage of these groups, the British Special
Operations Executive (SOE) began infiltrating into France beginning in May 1941 to aid ... Show
On 21 Jun, however, Moulin was captured by the German Gestapo and was tortured to death. Henri
Giraud and Charles de Gaulle became joint presidents of the CNR after the death of Moulin, but by
Oct that year, the politically–minded de Gaulle maneuvered Giraud out of the position of power and
became the sole leader of CNR. Although de Gaulle was difficult to work with for the Allied
commanders, with him in London, it was possible for the Allied command to pass orders for the
resistance fighters to attack key communications and transportation targets to aid the planned
Operation Overlord. 93 small teams of three agents (one American, one British, and one French)
were then sent into France to closely coordinate actions immediately before the invasion. The
resistance fighters continued to aid Allied invasion efforts after the forces had made footing on
continental Europe, in northern France aiding the troops marching toward Paris, and in southern
France during Operation Dragoon. Groups in Paris, supported by the Paris policemen, began their
fiercest resistance on 19 Aug 1944, attacking German forces with rifles and grenades while rounding
up collaborators for execution. The fighting climaxed on 22 Aug. 1,500 resistance fighters and
civilians lost their lives before Paris

Why Did the French Lose the Indo-Chinese War? Essay
The role of the French in the Indo–Chinese war could be characterized as a desperate attempt to
maintain control over their colonies in Asia. For the uninitiated, in the aftermath of the Second
World War, the majority of European powers, which were inclusive of Britain and Germany, had
relinquished their colonies, deeming them as distracting burdens. On the contrary, the French were
still adamant that the possession of colonies would give the nation much desired power and status.
From December 19, 1946 to August 1, 1954, the French were engaged in a brutal, grueling and
ultimately unsuccessful campaign in Vietnam. The catalyst for conclusion of the war was the
demoralizing and humiliating defeat of the French at the short–lived battle of ... Show more content
On the contrary, communist China and the Soviet Union wanted Vietnam to be victorious, as this
would advance the spread of communism. Both China and the Soviet Union recognized Ho Chi
Minh as the leader of Vietnam and sent him countless supplies and materials. For example, 2000
Chinese and Soviet Union military advisors were sent to Vietnam to train the Viet Minh guerrilla
force, and transform it into an even more effective and vicious army. An even more direct example
of how this contributed to the French losing the Indo–Chinese war could be the involvement of the
Chinese at the battle of Dien Bien Phu. China sent two artillery battalions at the siege of Dien Bien
Phu on May 6, 1954. One operated 12 x 6 Katyusha rockets, which were used effectively to aid the
defeat of the French at the battle, which ultimately advanced their retreat. The abundance of support
from the Chinese and Soviets was one of the primary factors influencing the defeat of the French,
without their continuous support, it is likely that the combined French and American efforts would
have provided enough momentum and force to defeat the Viet Minh. Broadly speaking, it was the
involvement of the USSR and China secured the success of the Viet Minh, against powerful French
forces.
The Vietnamese were not willing to give in too easily, under the leadership of the influential Ho Chi
Min. The Vietnamese were aware that the French had previously lost their

Ho Chi Minh Quotes
In the early nineteenth century the French established themselves as a colonial power; they
controlled an area called French Indochina, but in the late 1940s France struggled to control its
colonies in Indochina, which consisted of Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. Ho Chi Minh, a
communist leader who led the Viet Minh, and his forces captured back much of Vietnam while the
French were busy fighting WWII. The French were infuriated with the actions of Ho Chi Minh and
his forces and decided to once again enter into Vietnam, where they fought a lengthy, hard battle
with the Viet Minh forces. The fighting between the French and Vietnamese continued into the mid
1950s, but was put to an end when the French signed a peace document after suffering a major ...
Phuong's sister makes her decisions for her, disallowing Phuong from having much emotion or any
free will. The transition from Phuong having free will to being controlled by her older sister is
representative of the transition of her country, Vietnam, before and after the war. "And I saw Phuong
for a moment as I had seen her first, dancing past my table at the Grand Monde in a white ball–
dress, eighteen years old, watched by an elder sister who had been determined on a good European
marriage. An American had bought a ticket and asked her for a dance: he was a little drunk– not
harmfully, and I suppose he was new to the country and thought the hostesses of the Grand Monde
were whores. He held her much too close as they went round the floor the first time, and then
suddenly there she was, going back to sit with her sister, and he was left, stranded and lost among
the dancers, not knowing what had happened or why. And the girl whose name I didn't know sat
quietly there, occasionally sipping her orange juice, owning herself completely," (page 32) the
narrator describes a scene in which Phuong appears to be dancing and having a good time, but is
then forced to stop and go sit by her sister, who controls her. Phuong's sister begins to inquire about
Pyle by asking Fowler "who is he?" "what does he do?" "is he married" and then stating "he looks a
nice reliable man," (page 33). After talking to Fowler about Pyle, Pyle and Phuong's sister meet each
other and she begins to interrogate him by asking where he is from and other questions such as "is
your father a business man?" with follow up questions about his profession (page 33–34). Phuong's
sister also states "she is the most beautiful girl in Saigon," "she is delicate... she needs care. She
deserves care. She is very, very loyal," and "she loves children," (page 34) she is trying to find a
suitable

To what extent did the French Resistance assist in the...
The French Resistance (La Résistance française) was a collaboration of individual movements
against the German occupation of France and the Vichy regime that complied with the Nazis during
World War II. Starting in 1940 and ending with the liberation of France, French people from all ends
of the economic and political spectrum united in different Résistance groups to perform guerilla
attacks, run underground newspapers, provide intelligence to and from the allies, and manage escape
networks to allied territory for political enemies and others persecuted by the Nazis (Aubrac, 3).
On June 14th, 1940 the Germans occupied Paris, France, and three days later Philippe Pétain, a
French WWI hero, assumed power from the current prime minister and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Censorship became common practice, anti–Semitic legislation was passed, and "the felony of
opinion" ruined the rights French people still had to free speech. As payment for résistance
activities, the Vichy Government punished the people collectively, even stating in policy "at each
further incident, a number, reflecting the seriousness of the crime, shall be shot" (Kedward, 59).
Charles de Gualle, the father of the Résistance, openly rejected the Vichy government and was
condemned to death by Pétain for doing so. He operated out of Britain, and offered to the French
people that anyone willing to fight for the Free French Forces should join him (Kedward, 67). De
Gualle's message was strongly received at first in occupied territories, but it was not until the French
colonies overseas joined his efforts that legitimized his position as head of the true Résistance
(Kedward, 72). Those that could not join the FFF in Britain stayed within the parameters of Vichy
control and created local resistance units. Originally local units began printing flyers and pamphlets
about the German control and Pétain's betrayal. French Jews were sought out and sent to death
camps, along with those caught dispersing resistant propaganda (Northwest). De Gualle opposed
using violence as a means of resistance, but communist based networks called for

Clemenceau's Influence On The French
Clemenceau helped the French through the trying times of World War I through his quality of being
patriotic and showing his vigorous support for his countries well being. First, Clemenceau was
highly acquainted with French life and its people. During the War Clemenceau addressed,
"Everything for France bleeding in its glory. The hour has come to be French and simply French,
with the pride to say that suffices", said Clemenceau (Cohen 61). The upmost important factor for
Clemenceau was nationalistic pride. Clemenceau knew what was best for his country and he
proposed that the French step up at this specific time. He was faithful and determined to serve his
people. This clearly shows his positive influence on French society during the war. Next, in
Clemenceau's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Through Hyndman's quote, it reflects the perfect qualities of a leader. Following this, Clemenceau
fueled the people of France through his positive influence. "Clemenceau, the flame of whose energy
has inspired all hearts, whose foresight and faith have put new life into the forces of the Entente and
the United States" (Lecomte 266). Clemenceau motivated the hearts of many people around the
globe. More importantly he inspired the French. If it wasn't for Clemenceau the outcome for France
in World War I would have been different. He was the driving force behind the scenes allowing the
French to prosper. Finally, Clemenceau's road to triumph during World War I positively influenced
France. "Clemenceau would, in later years, be seen simply as the spirit of roaring defiance–Pére la
Victoire, "Father Victory" (Lecomte 269). The name says it all, "Father Victory". Clemenceau had a
heavy impact on the citizens and encouraged them to be patriotic just like him. Clemenceau had
exerted all his strength in protecting France. After securing France from harm, he could finally
breathe and enjoy the free colors of blue, white, and

1940's France Research Paper
When you think about France, what do you usually envision? Do you think of the center of fashion
and design, the rolling vineyards of Bordeaux, or maybe the smooth language of love? Better yet do
you think about a government formed with the Constitution that was in many ways is a framework
for that of the United States of America, or a formidable military and an affluent economy. You
would be correct if you had said any of the above. However, did you know that 1940's France was a
powder keg teetering on the verge of chaos in a tumultuous world: led by a vastly weakened
military, a marionette government, and a virtually nonexistent economy? Shortly after Adolf Hitler
came to power in Germany Winston Churchill said, "thank God for the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A country who was thought to have a formidable military, a military with the ability to withstand the
and subdue the Nazi war instrument that was dealing death and destruction across the continent met
a similar fate as it was swiftly dismantled in a matter of six short weeks. A country whose
government operated as a pawn, after being dislocated from its original capital to working for its
leader pushed further and further. Until it had been pushed too far, and for the betterment of a united
France, the political parties banded together to form the Free French Forces led by Charles de
Gaulle to vanquish the illegal traitorous government that had enveloped the

Ap World History Dbq Analysis
In San Domingues there were slaves called Haiti. In document doc A king louis xiv in 1685
remained in force until french legal code regulation of slavery in the west indies and french own the
plantain of the San Domingues and these code was a law for for the Haitian people. In document B,
in 1789 the Marquis de Lafayette and thomas jefferson created a equal rights for all mankind but the
slaves didn't get the right so they revolted since they were not treated respectively. The Haitian
revolted because they wanted to be treated as the same like all people but they use violence so they
could achieve freedom since the french did not want to give their freedom. In document B it is
Social because the slave wanted to have rights. In document B

Imperialism In Vietnam War
Q7. Imperialism could be a cause of the Vietnam War for a number of reasons, one being the
French. Imperialism is a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries
politically, socially, or economically. Examples of this during this time could be France, the United
States of America, and the Soviet Union. The main one relating directly to the Vietnam War being
the French. These three can be argued by using in Imperialism, by which could be a cause of the
Vietnam War. France, the United States of America, and the Soviet Union had done imperialism
whether they knew it or not, they simply did not refer to what they were doing as the term; however,
it fit the definition perfectly.
To begin, the United States of America and the Soviet Union had been the first real examples of
imperialism being used throughout the European countries. The examples begin after the end of
World War II, postwar efforts had majorly differed between the two countries. That is when, they
decided to spread their influence throughout the different parts of Europe. The United States had
gone about spreading democracy and forms of nationalism throughout, the Soviet Union went about
spreading communism. Way back, at the Yalta Conference, President Franklin D. Roosevelt made
Joseph Stalin promise to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Three examples of imperialism during this era in time was the French, the United States of America,
and the Soviet Union. Once again, the main example of these three that had directly used
imperialism to impact the Vietnam War was the French. Although, they had not called what they
were doing imperialism; however, compared to the definition it was indeed what they had been
doing. Each of the three countries took over smaller countries and tried to force their ideas upon
them in order to gain more power and support. Therefore, France used imperialism which in the end
was one of the causes of the Vietnam

The French Revolution And Its Effects On The Planet 's...
The French Revolution 1789–1799 is known as a standout amongst the most critical occasions on
the planet 's history. Its effect barely can be exaggerated because of comprehensively brought about
suggestions. Along these lines, it is considered as by and large substantial birth of cultivated
standards. Being allocated to discover circumstances and end results of French Revolution, it is very
hard to be maximally extensive with answer. Proper breaking down requires a lot of things
considering. Be that as it may, there is the attempt to diagram the most noteworthy circumstances
and end results of extraordinary verifiable occasion.
How about we begin with Causes of French Revolution. Discussing this part, there is the need to get
perplexing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Toward the end of educational impact time, the force of Church was unlimited. Subsequently, it is
normally that it took the first. With respect to relating advantages, the Estate was out of expense
obligation. Additionally, the Church was approved for money tithe asserting. Inquisitively enough,
this minority possessed more than 15% percent of France grounds. The second Estate was
respectability. And additionally Church, this class was free from expenses. At the period of medieval
relations, the force of it was assembled around terrains winning. The principle wellsprings of
salaries was area rent and installments for area misuse. As the area was the premise of creating
relations, it is actually that its proprietors were the wealthiest individuals of that times. Whatever is
left of populace was the third Estate, alleged bourgeoisie. Coherently that this class needed to take
whole taxation rate and its status was unimaginably complexity to two past Estates. Hence, it is not
shocking that discouraged dominant part took activities for fairness foundation.
Money related sadness. Clearly, it exited aside initial two Estates. Really, the unequal qualities
dispersion got to be one of the key elements which created verse of more than 95 percent of
populace. But this, the vast majority of students of history accuse nonsensical monetary arrangement
of Louis XIV ruler 's strategy (Delp 2008). Moreover, we are skilled to blueprint serious wars which
required inserting of

Operation Torch Research Paper
Covert ops, secret alliances, a coup at the beginning of the battle – sweet! But against who . . . our
allies, the French. Oooh, not so good. And where at? The Mediterranean Theatre is where it took
place (*yawns*). Operation Torch is a war of great significance to us, but is little–covered. Well
with this report we are giving Operation Torch the coverage it deserved!
Operation Torch involved four combatants: the Allies: U.K, U.S.A., and Free France, and the Axis
Powers: Vichy France. Vichy France was a puppet government whose actions were primarily
performed based on the demands of Germany. The battle would be taking place in the
Mediterranean theater. Vichy France did initially resist the ensuing landings, but after some under–
the–table negotiations they accepted the control of Allied forces. More on that later. Leading the
Allies were American generals Dwight D. Eisenhower, George S. Patton, U.S Senior Officer Lloyd
Fredendall, who is best known for his command at Operation Torch, and British senior officers
Andrew Cunningham and Kenneth Anderson. Leading the Axis Powers were French Admiral
Francois Darlan and French General Charles Nogues.
Preceding the landings of Allied forces in Algeria and Morocco other combatants were involved
(Allies: Canada, Netherlands, and Australia, Axis: Germany and Italy), but contemporary historians
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The date is relevant since it was roughly five months after the conception of Office of Strategic
Services (OSS). This organization was frequently ridiculed and politicians were debating on whether
this organization was necessary. Operation Torch served as the proving grounds for OSS. Although,
according to Moorhead, the results of the objectives assigned were mixed, OSS gained recognition
from military top brass. This was a major political win for OSS and the U.S intelligence agencies
gained more of a mutualistic relationship with their British

Charles De Gaulle
Following World War II, it was quite clear that France was in need of political assistance. After the
French defeat, the occupation of Nazis forced the government to either ally with the enemy, or to be
destroyed from the inside out. The government, run by Pétain, decided to ally with the Nazi
invaders, which established what is known as the Vichy government. Seeing as this was the official
government of France at the time, any Frenchmen who were to speak out against the government
were to be seen as heretical, and even charged with treason, under the dictatorial Hitler regime.
Luckily for the people of France, there was such a man who decided to fight for a free France.
Charles de Gaulle is the reason that France, following a complete overthrow by a dictatorial world
power, once again became one of the most powerful and prestigious countries in the entire world.
De Gaulle wanted, and pushed for, France to become a strong empire, a rebuild of the national
economy, a reconstruction of the broken nation, and to establish a stronger executive power in the
government. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Amongst these varying opinions, there is one strong argument that can be made by nearly all
historians: Charles de Gaulle has the legacy of being the single most polarizing individual in French
history. While there were large amounts of people who believed in him, and saw him as the savior of
the country, there were others who saw him as an attempt at a dictator. Most authors agree that the
military principals that he put forward were largely important in the outcome of the "blitzkrieg" of
the Germans, and that overall as a military figure he was more than exceptional. However, as a
president, political figure, and diplomat, he is not praised so

The Revolution Of The Haitian Revolution
As mentioned, many of the rebellions and revolts are inspired largely by the successful Haitian
Revolution. Slaves saw the success of this famous rebellion as a way for them to achieve freedom.
But if people want to know why the revolution was successful, they must look at the history of the
rebellion itself. In the book, Concise History of the Haitian Revolution, author "Jeremy Popkin
provides an interpretation of the Haitian Revolution of 1791, at once a massive slave revolt and the
second successful independence movement in the New World". Between the 1660s and the early
1700s, European kingdoms were expanding their power in the Caribbean. France had taken control
over Saint–Domingue and used imported African slave labor, and white indentured servants in order
to produce sugar. Later in the 1750s, there was a shift from sugar to coffee and indigo production.
Slaves worked tirelessly through the day, and even at night if necessary. The work was long and
hard, and many slaves had to find food or produce it on their own time. When producing sugar, they
had to extract the juice from crushing machines, which then would be boiled. This took many hours
to do and it was done in very warm temperatures. They also faced severe punishments by French
masters. They were whipped, branded, and their ears were even cut off for running away or
disobeying orders. While there was debate over slavery in France during the 1780s and 1790s,
slaves heard of a revolt by Vincent Oge. He had come

Essay On Battle Of Yorktown
Micheal sullivan
8th grade English
Mrs.King
November 24,2015
1781 Battle of Yorktown
They won the war at sara troops and because they won the british started planning their next
battle.General goerge washington commanding a force of 17,000 french and continental troops in a
siege known as the battle of yorktown against british general lord charles with the british have
around nine thousand men.In a stroke of luck for the patriots the french fleet commanded by
Francois departed for the chesapeake bay,at his base the united states was seen as a free independent
state eight years after the war ended.Williamburgs–troops joind up with marquis de lafyette and
marched torwards yorktown.Cornwallis tried to attack,was beaten back by the French and
Americans and he relized that if he didnt surrender his army would be completly gone.Cornwallis
surrendered on October 19th which ended the final battle of the Revolutionary War
Washington realized that he could bombard the british ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The battle of yorktown the war's end as on October 19 1781.The battle of yorktown began late
september 1781.The British General sent pleas for troop reinforcements and even considered
ferrying his men across the river to safety.In 1783 Treaty of Paris the british agreed to reginozie
American Independeance as far west as the Mississippi river.General Cornwallis said he was sick
and didnt show up to surrender so Cornwallis sent General Charles O'Hara to surrender his

Liberation Of Paris Essay
The Liberation of Paris Since the early morning of 25 June 1940, France was under the control of
Nazi Germany. Although some of the French people attempted to resist, either secretly or publicly,
liberation would not arrive until 23 August 1944. These brave men and women certainly helped to
liberate their homeland, but what ultimately allowed the Allied forces to rescue the "City of Lights"?
With the Battle of Normandy reaching its climax, Hitler formulated a plan to convert Paris into "a
great defended bridgehead" which (theoretically) would allow the German Seventh Army to retreat
to the Somme and Marne Rivers. (Keegan) However, by 15 August a second Allied invasion party
started their approach on Paris through the cites of Nice and Marseille. About week later, the
Seventh Army, comprised of American and French divisions, succeeded in overtaking General
Friedrich Wiese's Nineteenth Army and started racing towards Grenoble. With Wiese's defeat, the
Germans began to lose ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once again, it became clear to the Allies that the French were struggling to regain Paris, and the
Allied leaders felt "obliged to go to the insurgents' assistance." (Keegan) On 22 August, General
Omar Bradley received orders from Eisenhower that General Philippe Leclerc and the French 2nd
Armored Division was to direct their attention to Paris. Leclerc and the French 2nd Armored
Division traveled quickly, but were temporarily prevented from entering the city due to German
resistance. Then a rumor sparked that the French people inside Paris began to dance in celebration of
liberation. Leclerc decided to send a "small task–infantry force along back routes into the center of
the city" and later that day sent in tanks to follow them. The next, a large bulk of the division joined
their comrades in the city rooting out the rest of the German resistance. The "City of Light" was
once more free.

La Mulâtresse Solitude Research Paper
Who was 'La Mulâtresse Solitude'?
'La Mulâtresse Solitude' was a historical figure of resistance against black slavery in Guadeloupe.
Two statues were erected in her memory. The first in Guadeloupe in 1999 and the second in 2007 to
commemorate the day slavery was abolished.
On 29th November 1802 in Guadeloupe, by order of Napoleonic France, a woman condemned to
hang was led to her death at thirty years old, a day after giving birth. They call her 'La Mulâtresse
Solitude' due to her fair complexion, a result of the rape of her Mother, an African captive.
Historical context:
Post–revolution France had abolished slavery eight years earlier and freed blacks attempted to
rebuild a life far from the tyranny of the old oppressors.
Parisian parliamentarians took five years to debate whether the Human and Citizen Rights 1789
applied to inferior Negroes, while French slave masters and lobbyists used their authority to
maintain slavery. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although the majority were of mixed–race or blacks, burdened in society, some began to make a
fortune through work and education.
During the French Revolution, Guadeloupe's population counted nearly 117000 including slaves,
whites, mixed–race and free blacks. Upon arrival in 1635, the french massacred the Amerindian
tribes, and began to import Africans as a labour force.
In 1685, the Black Code was issued to regulate the status of slaves. Interracial relations were
condemned and the father of a mixed child was slandered. Any white guilty of such relations was
deprived of their rights and couldn't pass on titles to their descendants.
The battle of

Vietnam War Paper
The Vietnam War escalated from a Vietnamese civil war into a limited international conflict, in
which the United States was deeply involved. The Vietnam War was fought in South Vietnam
between government forces aided by the United States and guerilla forces aided by the North
Vietnamese. Despite increased American military involvement and signed peace agreements in
1973, the Vietnam War did not end until North Vietnam's successful invasion of South Vietnam in
1975. The Vietnam War may have been the longest war in American history, but after South Vietnam
collapsed, America was left to question their highly controversial involvement in a lost cause.
The Vietnam War originated as a civil war between the North and South. However, soon ... Show
Initially, the United States patrolled international waters with lawfully present naval vessels,
assisting Vietnam "to protect their freedom," having "no territorial, military, or political ambitions in
that area, but desires only that these peoples should be left in peace to work their own destinies in
their own way." However, the Northern Vietnamese did not welcome American naval vessels, as
they "deliberately and repeatedly attacked United States naval vessels lawfully present in
international waters." The attacks got the attention of the American public, prodding the government
for retaliation.
The United States issued the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in 1964. It said that Congress empowered
the President, as Command in Chief, "to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack
against the forces of the U.S. and to prevent further aggression." Most importantly, the
memorandum gave the President the permission to retaliate North Vietnam's threats to international
peace, as the attacks were reason enough for further American involvement in Vietnam, as well as
an escalation of military forces.
In June 1965, the United States government began to realize that under present conditions, the odds
of winning the fight in Vietnam are unlikely, as the ratio of guerilla to anti–guerilla forces is 10–1.
However, President Johnson vowed that he would not be the first President to lose a country to
Communism,

De Gaulle Analysis
This also displayed an international distrust and dislike of the Vichy government on an international
scale because they were seen as aligned and collaborating with Germany. However, the support of
de Gaulle, particularly by the Roosevelts, was less than stable. During the Casablanca Conference,
Elliott Roosevelt listened to Franklin Roosevelt describe de Gaulle as "out to achieve one–man
government in France. I can't imagine a man I would distrust more." Then adding the Free French
movement was "honeycombed with police spies–he has agents spying on his own people."
Understandably, tensions were high regarding the the various French governments' intensions after
the armistice with Germany, followed by years of Vichy–led anti–Semitic legislation ... Show more
Yet, Vichy and German governments collaborated on further anti–Semitic ordinances making life
harder for Jews in France such as the revocation and denial of naturalization, the dissolution of the
Freemasons and any organization that involved Jewish persons, abolition of workers and owners
unions, a complete withdrawal of citizenship from anyone that was Jewish and of Algerian descent,
public functions became exclusive to the non–Jewish. This negatively impacted the employment of
Jews and the unemployed were then ordered to the country where they could farm and unburden the
cities. For many, life in either the Occupied Zone or the Unoccupied Zone was fairly unchanged so
long as the person was not Jewish, even then it was not until May 1942 that an ordinance was passed
requiring all Jews to wear the Star of

French And Indian War Research Paper
The French and Indian of war, the war was a product of controversy between the French men and
Britain over claiming land in the new world. The French had been working to becoming friendly
with the Indians, however the Virginians had been giving permission to seek new land and trade
with Indians. The arrival of the Virginians enraged the French, they built forts in western
Pennsylvania to defend interest. As news of what was happening reached Williamsburg, the
governor sent out young George Washington fort Le boeuf in late 1753 in hopes to warn off the
French however he returned with a firm but polite refusal. The governor then sent out a small force
to remove the French forces, the governor underestimated the French's force and before the
Virginians could finish building they were broken down. Determined George ... Show more content
Washington unaware that the French had come with intentions to make peace with the Indians, the
losses that would come of the horrifying damages done to the French solider bodies by the Indians.
Vengeful French soldiers attacked at the fort meadows killing 300 men, and allowing the remaining
survives to retreat. Commissioners called a meeting in Maryland coming to decisions such as having
a chief executive and conferred with the Iroquios chieftains and sent them away loaded with gifts in
return for half–hearted promises. In London the government decided to intervene in America, in
1755 a British fleet capture Nova Societies and removed most of French influence in America.
Acadians who refused t0o take an oath of allegiance to the crown were scattered in the colonies,
many of the French went to Louisiana and became Cajuns. General Braddock arrived in the new
world overly confident and ignorance, in the end his ignorance showed unpreparedness and it
proved to be his fatal

Hundred Years War Research Paper
Imagine 55 battles with 3.5 million losses lasting 116 years. This is the story behind the Hundred
Years' War, an extensive struggle between England and France over succession to the French throne
between 1337 and 1453. The war commences firstly with a conflict over the status of the duchy of
Guyenne which belonged to England yet it was a fief of the French crown. Secondly, the closest
relatives of the last direct Capetian King Charles IV had claimed the crown of France which was to
be challenged. The French Kings had possessed the financial and military resources of the most
populated and influential state in Western Europe. This resulted into several victories over larger
French forces. The first major engagement of the Hundred Years' War was the Battle of Crécy.
Edward III landed in Normandy in the year 1346. He decided to stop near Crecy in Normandy and
to prepare for battle the next day. However, the French frontline made contact and started to attack
without a set plan. The French made several attacks and the English checked each one in turn,
mostly because of the English longbowmen. This led to a decisive victory for England. In 1360,
King John of France was required to accept the Treaty of Calais in order to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
After over 80 years of warfare the French finally gained the upper hand with the decisive victory at
Orleans. During this period, Charles of France allows Joan of Arc to lead a force. A month later,
Joan of Arc attacks the English in unison with a force from Orleans, driving the English from their
positions. The next day they abandon the siege. The military advantage goes to the French. The
siege of Orleans was lifted in 1429, allowing Paris and the lle–de–France to be liberated between
1436–1441. The French army had been reorganized. Charles of France recaptures the duchy of
Normandy in the Battle of Formigny in 1450. His army seizes Guyenne in the Battle of Castillon in

The French Revolution And Napoleonic Years
The French Revolution and Napoleonic years are very important to European history because they
mark a time of great change and transformation, a time when Europe was in the thrall s of its rise to
modernity. Two of the aspects of modernity brought to light during the French Revolution were the
increasing importance of the middle class and the idea, though not necessarily the practice, of
political liberty. However, some of strides made in France toward modern liberty were almost
completely erased only a few years after the Revolution by Napoleon Bonaparte, who brought his
own thoughts on modernity to Europe with the advent of nationalism and total warfare. One of the
other ways in which the Revolution affected the rise of modernity was by asserting the importance
of the middle class and masses. Before the revolution, France was made up of three estates: The
First Estate was the Church, which made up 1–2% of the population, the Second Estate was the
nobility which made up less than 2% of the population and the Third Estate was the commoners,
which made up approximately 96% of the population. Whereas the First and Second estates enjoyed
luxury, extensive privileges and great wealth, the Third Estate were the heavily taxed and poorly
treated bourgeoisie, peasants and city workers. One of the reasons the revolution originated was the
discontent among the lower and middle classes in France. Those in the Third Estate grew tired of the
unjust laws and taxes they were forced to

The Haitian Revolution Of 1791
The Haitian Revolution
To say that all men are born and created equally is an understatement to say the least. Speaking
morally, yes. But in reality, no. Especially if you are someone of African descent lost in the diaspora.
Case in point, the Haitian Revolution. Holding someone against their will and forcing them into
slavery is wrong. To force an unfair and unjustified debt upon a people for fighting for their freedom
and winning is double wrong and equally as bad as slavery. It goes as a slap in the face to those who
have did nothing wrong other than be born onto a world where the color of their skin and the content
of you culture is scrutinized and is used as a reason for those of the dominate society to place a ...
Producing sugar, coffee, cocoa, indigo, cotton, sisal, tobacco, fruits and vegetables all for the
consumption of France gave it its title as the richest colony in the history of the world. The island
was made up of four different but distinct groups. They are: The whites, the free people of color, the
black slaves and the maroons. The whites were mostly French and numbered about 20,000 and they
were divided into two main groups: The planters and the petit blancs. The planters were the wealthy
whites that own plantations and slaves. The second and less powerful group known as the petit
blancs was made up of shop keepers, artisans, merchants, teachers, and different middle and
underclass whites. The petit blancs often had slaves but not that many as the planters. Both groups
were committed to slavery and anti–black; they seen free blacks as a serious economic and social
competitor. Next you have the free people of color. They ranged in the number of 30,000. Half of
which were mulattoes, children of the slave owners and slave women. The other half were black
slaves who were 500,000 strong, who had purchased their own freedom or was given freedom by
their masters. The free blacks were wealthy and that really didn't sit well with the petit blancs.
Lastly, the maroons. They were a large group of run–away slaves who lived deep in the mountains
and the kept alive the African ways and traditions like voodoo. Maroons

Marshal Pétain And The Barrier: The Marshal Of France
He restored discipline with at least suppression by expressly disclosing his goals to the troopers and
enhancing their living conditions. Under him the French armed forces took an interest in the
triumphant hostile of 1918, drove by Marshal Ferdinand Foch, generalissimo of the Allied armed
forces. Pétain was made a marshal of France in November 1918 and was along these lines
designated to the most noteworthy military workplaces (VP of the Supreme War Council and
controller general of the armed force).
Taking after the German assault of May 1940 in World War II, Paul Reynaud, who was then leader
of the administration, named Pétain bad habit head, and on June 16, at 84 years old, Marshal Pétain
was requested that frame another service. Seeing

How Did The African Americans Contribute To The Haitian...
In the 18th century, Saint Dominigue, now known and Haiti, was France's most profitable oversees
colony. This was due to its large production of sugar, coffee, and cotton that was generated by the
enslaved labor work force. When the French Revolution (1789) broke out, there are five different
interest groups in the colony. They included white planters, petit blancs, and three groups of African
descents. The white planters owned plantations and slaves. The petit blancs were artisans, shop
keepers and teachers. The African groups comprised of free blacks, slaves, and escaped slaves.
There were many whites that lived in Saint Dominigue that supported independence from France
once France began to impose steep tariffs on many items that were imported ... Show more content
On 21 Aug 1791, the enslaved acted first and began rebelling against the planters. By 1792, they had
control over one third of the island. Before all of the fighting ended, 100,000 of the 500,000 blacks
and 24,000 of the 40,000 whites had been killed. Even with all of the deaths, the former slaves still
managed to hold off both the French and British forces that had arrived to try and conquer the
colony. They all withdrew their forces in 1798 after they received many defeats from L'Ouverture
and his forces. After a while, the Haitian Revolution lasted longer than the French Revolution.
"Napoleon Bonaparte, the new ruler of France, sent his brother–in–law, General Charles Leclerc and
43,000 troops to capture L'Ouverture and restore French rule and slavery" (). With much help from
the white colonists and mulatto forces, the French outmatched, outmaneuvered, and eventually wore
down the black army. L'Ouverture eventually saw that he no longer had an advantage over the
French and surrendered to Leclerc on 5 May 1802. It was said that the French had told L'Ouverture
that he would be allowed to retire quietly. One month later, the French captured him and transported
him to France where he ended up dying of "neglect from being left in a dungeon of Fort de Joux in
the Jura Mountains on 7 Apr 1803"

Charles De Gaulle Research Paper
Charles de Gaulle was born on November twenty–second, eighteen–ninety in Lille, France. His
mother was Jeanne Maillot de Gaulle and his father was Henri de Gaulle. He had three brothers,
Xavier de Gaulle, Pierre de Gaulle, Jaques de Gaulle, and one sister, Marie–Agnès de Gaulle
From a young age, he wanted to be in the military. He took his childhood passion and joined the
military academy of St. Cyr. He did well in school, and graduated thirteenth in his class of around
200. Upon leaving St. Cyr, de Gaulle joined the thirty third infantry regiment where he met Philippe
Pétain, the colonel of the regiment and future marshal of France.
De Gaulle's first taste of real combat would come in World War one. De Gaulle gained recognition
by crawling out with his men into no–mans–land to eavesdrop on the enemy. For the information he
had discovered, he was given the croix–de–guerre (Cross of War), a french military decoration. He
was soon promoted to captain.
Unfortunately, not long after his promotion de Gaulle would be captured in the battle of Verdun and
be taken to a german POW camp where he would stay ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Then he was promoted to brigadier general and given command of the Fourth Armored Division.
However, France was not well equipped to fight a war against Germany, and the French government
began seeking an armistice with Germany. De Gaulle found this to be unacceptable and traveled to
England to continue in the struggle of ridding France of German occupation. While in England, de
Gaulle took to radio to get his message of a free France out to the people and gradually drew in
supporters. De Gaulles relationship with Britain and America were rather strained during his stay in
England, he often alienated himself to the two allied countries with his personality and comments.
He soon founded the Free French Forces and gathered as many French to his cause as he

Memory And Violence
Memory and Violence in the Middle East and North Africa focuses on the processes by which
communities are made and shaped through memories of the past and acts of violence and
reconciliation. Often, these processes are directed by actors that have a specific motivation or
political incentive for committing heinous crimes or for guiding acts of forgetting or remembering.
The history of Algeria is especially useful in analyzing how memory is used to create national
identities that shape present day Algeria and France. Chapters two and six construct how this
process played out in the two countries during and after the 132 years of French Algeria. The
Algerian people have lived with violence for hundreds of years. From oppressive French colonial
occupation to civil war, violence has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When the war came to a close, over a million Algerians remained in France. These people, referred
to as pied noirs, were a constant reminder of a violent past and forced citizens to address processes
of amnesty and reconciliation. In the past, French citizens looked to French Algeria as a point of
pride and a symbol of their nation's colonial successes. Now, when memory of French Algeria and
the war is reflected upon it carries with it demands for reparations and equality for the pied noirs, as
well as for the millions of French soldiers or their families who were persecuted after their return.
While often repressed, this memory of French Algeria has been used for political purposes as well.
Right–wing politicians have pushed for the pardoning of hundreds of soldiers and officers who were
involved in the horrific war. In my opinion, this government led amnesty was one reason racist
murderers felt free to attack Algerian immigrants, as they did frequently in the 1970's. After all, if
the government allowed war crimes to go unpunished, why couldn't the Algerian consulate be
bombed without

Declaration Of Rights Of Man Similarities
The Declaration of Independence and the Declaration of Rights of Man have many similarities and
differences. Both of the documents have gotten their ideas from enlightenment ideas. What are
Enlightenment Ideas? People would get together and talk about what rights people should have. The
idea that men were born or created equal was an enlightenment idea. Another idea, is that they
believed they didn't need a monarchy and the people could govern themselves. The Enlightenment
ideas had major impacts on both documents but used in different ways. The Declaration of
Independence was created so America could get freedom from England. America believed that the
King was taking away many of their rights that they should have. It was created so that

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