Education

1. This paper presents a critical reading analysis of educational
evaluation in curriculum theory as reflected by two conflicting visions
in the literature of two well-known curriculum theorists, Ralph Tyler
and William Doll. Ralph Tyler's Rationale for curriculum evaluation
has been a major influence on curriculum thought for sixty years with
its emphasis on behavioral objectives. Contrary to that, William Doll
developed a set of guidelines as an alternative to Ralph Tyler's
Rationale, the 4R's of Richness, Recursion, relations and Rigor. This
new perspective on curriculum evaluation acts as a guide for
curricularists to use in such a changing postmodern time. As a result to
such conflicting visions and models, curriculum is suffering from what
the researcher calls an identity crisis. The paper ends with a discussion
of the implications of these two conflicting models on the Saudi
curriculum and its evaluation.
Key words: curriculum, curriculum evaluation, Ralph Tyler, William
Doll. Identity crisis.
Study Questions
The study tries to answer three question:
1- What are the criticisms leveled at Ralph Tyler’s rationale?
2- What are the differences between Tyler’s model and William Doll’s
perspective of curriculum evaluation?
3- What are the implications of these two different visions on the
curriculum of Saudi Public Schools?
Question 1 Conclusions
Evaluation in Curriculum Theory between Ralph Tyler and William Doll: An Analytical Reading
By Dr Khaled Al-Awadh
Assistant Professor, Qassim University, College of Education
Second Canadian International Conference On Advances in Education, Teaching and Technology 2017, 29-31 July, Toronto, Canada
Tyler’s Model
Bibliography
CHART or PICTURE
Bruner, J. (1960/1977). The Process of Education. Cambridge,
MA: Harvard University Press. (Later edition published in
1977)
Bruner, J. (1996). The Culture of Education, Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press.
Bruner,J. (2013). The Future of Psychology's Future. A lecture
presented at the conference of the 50th anniversary of ISPA
(Institutu Universitario), April 2, 2013, Lisbon. Retrieved on
May 30,2014; from:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A9wbV2bDGVo
Doll, William E. (1993). Post-modern Perspectives on
Curriculum. New York: Teachers College Press.
Doll, William E. (2012). Pragmatism, Postmodernism, and
Complexity Theory, The Fascinating Imaginative Realm of
William E.Doll, Jr. Edited by Donna trueit. New York:
Rutledge.
Goodlad, J. & Richter, M. (1977). "Decisions and levels of
decision making: Process and data-sources," in Arno Bellak and
Herbert Kliebard, edss, Curriculum and evaluation (1977).
Berkeley:McCutchan, pp.506-16.
Johnson, Mauritz. (1967). Definition and models in curriculum
theory. Educational Theory, 17(1), pp. 127-40.
Kliebard, Herbert. (1970). The Tyler rationale," School Review,
78(1), 259-72.
- There is an urgent need for new alternative models on
curriculum.
- William Doll’s vision on curriculum is a good alernative to
Tyler’s rationale
- Evaluation is out of the educational context.
- Humanities are as important as science.
- Culture is a local issue.
Introduction Question 2
Methods
The study presents a critical reading analysis of Ralph Tyler’s model
on curriculum evaluation and reveals the philosophical origin of his
models through his curricular contributions and especially his well-
known book Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction. The
researcher will also review William Doll’s postmodern perspective on
curriculum and analyze the most distinctive features of his vision
presented at his book Post-Modern Perspective on Curriculum. The
study will discuss the imlications of these two conflictiong models on
the Saudi curriculum.
The Four Principles
• Stating Educational objectives
• Selecting learning experiences
• Organizing learning experiences
• Evaluating objectives
Criticism
- Based on Behaviourism
- End of Behaviourism
- No definition of curriculum
- Scientific Management
- Unexpected experiences
- Linear
- A closed systeem
The 4R’S
• Richness
• Recursion
• Relaions
• Rigor
Features
- An alternative to Tyler’s
- An open system
- Transformational
- Spiral (Bruner).
- Change is important
- Not a model to follow
- Self-regulation, anarchy,
dissipative structures
Question 3
Implications
- An identity crisis
- Centralization
- Philosophical problems
- Standardized testing
- Emphasis on tests
- Concern for international and regional tests
- separation between means & ends.