Parental And Peer Influences On The Onset Of Heavier...

Parental And Peer Influences On The Onset Of Heavier...
Introduction The article that I chose to review is titled, "Parental and Peer Influences on the Onset of Heavier Drinking among
Adolescents." The major research question suggested by the researcher was whether or not there is a relationship between parental and
peer influences and the onset of heavier drinking tendencies or regular drinking tendencies among adolescents? The authors of the
article realized there is a problem with adolescents participating in heavy drinking acts prior to the onset of college. It is believed that
when an adolescent reaches the point of drinking more than five drinks at a time, it will eventually turn into drinking problem later on
in life. The cause for adolescent alcohol use are often the social influences around them.1 Therefore, in order to get to the bottom of this
issue, parents and peers became a big factor of the investigation of how they impact adolescent drinking. Research suggests that there is
a relationship between teen drinking and their parent's morals and attitudes towards drinking.2 Although there has been previous
research done on adolescent's alcohol consumption, research has been geared to the reasons as to why adolescents take part in this kind
of behavior in the first place.1 Studies have shown that there is a connection between adolescents drinking tendencies and parental and
peer influences.2 Studies also suggested that parents make good candidates with helping their children change their behavior when it
comes to
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The ' Golden Years ' Are The Typical Societal Perception...
The 'golden years' are the typical societal perception of adequate finances, good health and spare time that offers older people the
opportunity and freedom of enjoying a phase where life is lived to the full (Barnes, 2011). This notion is rather a misconception,
appertaining predominately to the financially secure minority who have always lived with relative ease. In comparison, the lifelong
rigours of those less fortunate tends to result in them being one of society's most vulnerable through succumbing to age–related
problems, particularly frailty, physical and mental impairments. Hindered with low income, poor support networks and deteriorating
health at an earlier age, life for a growing number of older citizens increasingly lacks quality, revolving around loneliness, pain and
misery (Norton and West, 2014). Living with substantial difficulties commonly brings the sensation of life 'existence', signified with the
loss of independence, visibility, control, dignity and self–respect which arises from being reliant upon others to meet basic needs
(Martinsson et al, 2012). The multitude of debilitating factors, termed identifiable 'risks', have the power to create various types of
suffering; from neglect and the inability to self–care, to subjection to abuse from rough treatment inflicted by others. Regardless of how
harm manifests the consequences are limitless damage to individual's overall wellbeing, from possible mental health issues like
depression through loss of

11 – Safeguarding Adults & Promoting Independence
|Course Title | Health & Social Care |
|Unit Title |11 – Safeguarding Adults & Promoting Independence |
|Level |3 |
|Part Unit |P4, M2, M3, D2 |Whole Unit | |
|Assessor | ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Protection of Vulnerable Adults scheme in England and Wales for adult placement |
|schemes, Domiciliary Care Agencies and Care Homes 2006 (updated publication 2009), No Secrets |
|Department of Health Guidance; Safeguarding Adults, A National Framework of Standards for good |
|practice and outcomes in adult protection work 2005; Dignity in Care Initiative; Human Rights in |
|Healthcare – A Framework for Local Action 2007; organisational policies, local and regional guidelines for |
|staff and volunteers working with vulnerable adults; Codes of Practice for Nursing and Social Work |
| |
| |
| |

Homelessness And Homelessness : Homeless Adults With...
I. Introduction
Homelessness occurs all too often among those suffering from severe mental illness. In the following studies, some unsettling statistics
are given, such as 20% of all schizophrenics are homeless, and schizophrenics are ten times likelier to become homeless than non–
schizophrenics. People with mental health problems are often unable to keep a job, act responsibly with money and maintain overall
stable lives if not supported properly. For those left on their own, they often succumb to homelessness. Schizophrenics, in particular, are
at risk because of their paranoid tendencies and delusions, and issues keeping their finances stable. Despite the overwhelming statistical
evidence, there is more to learn about the connection between schizophrenia and homelessness. What factors directly cause their
homelessness and what can be done to prevent a decline into homelessness?
II. Literature Review
a. Trajectories of Recovery Among Formerly Homeless Adults with Serious Mental Illness
Recovery from serious mental illness is an arduous but not unattainable goal. To better understand the recovery process, this study
asked, "Are there changes in participant's recovery trajectories over time?" and "What is the lived experience of recovery over time?".
Participants were recruited from two supportive housing programs in New York City. Participants had to have been homeless, abused
substances, been newly housed through the program, been diagnosed with a DSM axis I diagnosis

Intimate Partner Violence ( Rdp ) Or Domestic Violence
Introduction Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) or domestic violence (DV) reportedly affects more than 5 million Americans each year
(Goodley & Fowler, 2006). IPV is the most common cause of nonfatal injury to women it the United States (U.S.). It is an ongoing
issue that was first widely recognized as a major societal concern in the 1970's (Nicholls &Hamel 2015). It is a significant problem with
critical consequences for an individuals overall health and well–being. IPV not only has acute effects but lifelong implications as well.
It is not limited to one group but crosses all barriers, it has an effect on both genders, people of all ages, all races, all cultures, all
educational levels and all socio–economical backgrounds. Although, IPV affects both genders, this paper will focus primarily on
women. It will seek to examine the repercussions of IPV on the victim's health as well as children exposed to IPV. This topic is
important to discuss in order to reduce the occurrence of IPV and to be able to better support victims of IPV. It is not a problem that can
be solved overnight or with one specific intervention, but must be addressed through a collaborative effort from individuals within a
community. Definition IPV is a term that describes any physical, sexual, or psychological harm committed by a current or former
partner or spouse. IPV is used as an effort to control an intimate partner. This partner may be a spouse, boyfriend/girlfriend, a sexual
partner or someone

The Social Care Act 2014 Essay
Radicalising Social, Care Act 2014 'puts people first' by empowering individuals to utilise their rights, achieve life quality and, with
community assistance, become self–sufficient (First, 2007). Endorsed powers and duties within Care Act, protect and enable individuals
to acquire relevant supportive measures flowing throughout the spectrum of safeguarding. In achieving these objectives, Care Act
works alongside other significant pieces of legislation and policies to strengthen the process (DOH, 2014a). It is becoming increasingly
apparent, however, that Care Act could be more effective on various levels, but for the false dichotomy lurking, and jeopardising
success, within Adult Social Care. With the intention of integrated care, 'The Better Care Fund' (DOH, 2014b) united health and social
care budgets yet, left 'unringfenced', health services have been prioritised at the expense of Adult Social Care. Consequently, substantial
funding gaps has forced financial constraints across the board within the Social Care Sector (The King's Fund, 2015). In turn, this
protocol creates a reverse economic effect as, denied of essential support, those most in need potentially require additional support to
counteract the impact of increased risk and harm, and deteriorating wellbeing. This essay discusses how the duties and powers of Care
Act 2014 keep people with care and support needs safer and better protected from harm and abuse by others, as well as addresses the
factors which

The Theory Of Elder Abuse Forces Professionals Essay
Slow progress in research developments and the absence of a modern, established framework surrounding elder abuse forces
professionals to rely on traditional theories which fail to fully explain happenings. The Situational Model, the most popular theory,
suggests abuse is underpinned by stress and burden of tending to deficits. It is believed the hardship of caring reinforces negative
feelings, like frustration and blame which, when overbearing, are off–loaded and directed towards the recipient of care (Lachs et al,
1997). However, a significant flaw is that no explanation accounts for those who successfully continue undertaking caring duties,
despite substantial pressure (McDonald and Collins, 2000). Irrespective of the causation, a 'zero–tolerance' approach is needed as the
intense and numerous ramifications of abuse and neglect impact at both personal and societal levels. For instance, there is a strong link
between abuse and premature death of victims (APA, 2012). In comparison, the intergenerational cycle of abuse potentially reoccurs
through children observing, normalising and copying abusive behaviour (WHO, no date). As the most radical piece of legislation, Care
Act 2014 consolidated and updated ineffective policies to ensure adults in need are better supported. The act contains several core
purposes; to protect and promote the wellbeing and the rights of those at risk of harm and abuse, bring clarity to the concept of
safeguarding, and transform the

Alcohol Misuse
One main public health issue that the writer will focus on is alcohol misuse. Alcohol is one of the popular and legally available drugs.
Alcohol misuse is using alcohol in such a way that it causes harm to user and to those close to him/her – physically, psychologically and
socially. The writer will explore the impact of alcohol on the individual and the community and policy on alcohol, whiles critically
evaluating the role of the nurse and the effectiveness of the policy.
First, it is important to know the underlying causes of Alcohol misuse. These are stressors at work including fear of losing job, conflict
with peers etc. and other factors according to a research are sociability (71%), like the taste (51%) feel at ease (12%) get ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is significant for alcohol policy because of the impact of 'Dual Diagnosis' (combined mental health and substance misuse problems)
and the mutually supportive outcomes that improving mental health and reducing alcohol harms share.
What is the role of the nurse in promoting health? Nurses and other healthcare professionals play an important role in the policies and
strategies of alcohol misuse and are crucial to its success. Nurses are instrumental in establishing health–promotion programmes, with
the goal of enabling individuals and families to choose healthier lifestyles.
According to Ewles and Simnett (2003) there are five approaches to health promotion. These are Medical, Behaviour Change,
Educational, Empowerment and Social Change.
One of the public health policies that the writer will focus on is the ban on restriction on places and times of alcohol sale. In the Alcohol
Licensing Act 2003 (came into effect in 2005) for example, there is a ban on the sale of alcohol between 11pm and 5am.
(www.legislation.gov.uk) In order to examine the role of the nurse, the Beattie(1991) model of health promotion framework will be
chosen.(Naidoo & Wills(2002)).
On health persuasion, nurses have a role in interventions directed at individuals. Example is a nurse encouraging or persuading a patient
to stop misusing alcohol and lead a healthier lifestyle. This activity includes advice and information. However, according to the NHS
survey 2010 (Alcohol

The Importance Of Suicide Prevention
Suicide is a major public health problem in the United States. As of 2015, suicide is the 10th leading cause of death among all U.S.
citizens (CDC, 2017). It is the 2nd leading cause among the age groups 15–24 and 25–34 and the 3rd leading cause among children 10–
14, surpassing cancer (CDC, 2017). Self–directed violence is distinguished in 3 ways: suicide is death induced by self–directed violence
with the intent to die; suicide attempt is non–fatal, self–directed violence with intent to die and may or may not cause injury; suicidal
ideation is considering, planning or thinking of engaging in self–directed violence with the outcome of death (CDC, 2016). Accurate
terminology is important because literature interpretation is often questionable and having consistent terms will allow researchers to
better evaluate the data and prevention initiatives. The motives and understanding of self–directed violence can be difficult, but
education and prevention can be simplified. Community education on recognizing suicide warning signs and risk factors can result in a
reduction of self harm in high–risk populations. The Office of the U.S. Surgeon General and the National Action Alliance formed the
2012 National Strategy for Suicide Prevention as a joint effort to address suicide prevention. The mission of this group is to guide
suicide prevention actions over the next decade by creating supportive environments that promote healthy individuals, enhance clinical
and community

Cultural Experience
Introduction of Cultural Experience
I attended the Body of Christ (BOC) church service in Oakland Park, Florida run by people from the Lesbian Gay Bisexual and
Transgender (LGBT) community. The service was similar in many ways to traditional interdenominational or non–denominational
church services. The service times were from 10:30 am and were competed by 12:00 noon. The service started promptly at 10:30 am
with a welcome to congregants and guest from the pastor. Several songs of contemporary music were played and sang with the worship
team and congregation. The pastor shared a sermon on not just taking, but being a giver in your everyday life. She quoted from the bible
that it was better to give than receive. They also sang two songs ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The negative stigma for many in the gay community has led to their emotional and physical decline. Condemnation has been the routine
for a large segment in the LGBT community from religious doctrines and many of the traditional church denominations (Hatzenbuehler,
Pachankis, & Wolff, 2012). The LGBT person is frequently is faced with rejecting "religion to accept them–selves, or reject them–
selves to conform to their religious doctrine" (Bowland, Foster, & Vosler, 2013, p. 321). Recently with the Supreme Court ruling on
allowing gay marriage, this has furthered the rights and legal recognition of the LGBT community. A recent survey in 2011 of the U.S.
population revealed that almost half of the religious believers thought homosexuality should be accepted by society (Hatzenbuehler et
al., 2012). What the study by Hatzenbuehler et al., (2012) says is that with a nurturing, welcoming, and caring environment to the
LGBT persons' is "a determinant of their health risk behaviors" (p.660). The LGBT youths, who had a more supportive religious
climate and acceptance of their homosexuality, had significantly lower "alcohol abuse symptoms" (Hatzenbuehler et al., 2012, p.

Analysis Of The Giddings State School Capital Offenders...
Rehabilitation for at risk teens has been an ongoing issue that runs deep in certain communities. When kids at young ages are exposed
to stress and have to cope early on with dysfunction they are denied the opportunity to mature and conditioned to commit thinking
errors that perpetuate a young offender into an adult offender. To find ways to break this cycle John Hubner accounts his time on the
Giddings State School Capital Offenders Program and how a group of counselors are able to combine many strategies in rehabilitating
young offenders who have committed serious crimes. Young people convicted of serious crimes are often transferred to adult prisons
that institutionalize young people to prison life only increasing the likely hood of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The level of attention given by the counselors to each person is critical to their success. By aggregating as much data on the offender in
their care, counselors are able to get a better picture of the person they are trying to help. This level of attention is possible with the
appropriate level funding as demonstrated by the case load levels of probation officers today. By knowing so much about the offender, it
creates a level of trust unfamiliar to many of the students. Students like Ronnie, who removed from the chaos at home and was ready
and willing to share his experiences in a place he felt safe. Students like Ronnie crave attention and feel comfortable sharing stories of
neglect and abuse because they finally have an attentive audience; since no one has listened to him before, students like him don't get to
listen to themselves (p. 68). That level of attention is a key way to establish trust and build a working relationship with students who
have had to grow up and survive in sometimes nightmarish conditions. The third rehabilitative strategy that makes the Capital Offender
Program work is advocacy. By having trained and dedicated counselors rehabilitation can take place even for the most "hardened"
youth offender. Their ability to build trust and help affected teens create a sense of hope is instrumental in addressing and possibly
ending the circle of violence/ abuse that takes place in their environments. By allowing the counselors to build

Health Promotion for Alcohol
POINT OF VIEW
Young people and alcohol misuse: how can nurses use the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion?
AUTHORS
Bernadette Ward RN, Midwife, Grad Cert Ed, MPHandTM, MHlth Sci Lecturer, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University,
Bendigo, Australia. B.Ward@latrobe.edu.au Glenda Verrinder RN, Midwife, Grad Cert Higher Ed, Grad Dip Pub and Com Health,
MHlth Sci Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia.
ABSTRACT
Alcohol misuse in Australia society is a community issue that can be addressed successfully within a health promotion framework. It is
important that strategies are not perceived as 'quick fixes' but work toward addressing some of the underlying structural factors that ...
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In Australia and throughout other western countries, the misuse of alcohol by young people has been highlighted as a problem
(Toumbourou et al 2003).
Alcohol misuse amongst adolescents
For many Australians, alcohol consumption is a pleasurable part of everyday life (Parliament of Victoria 2004). However in recent years
there have been several reports highlighting that the proportion of adolescents consuming alcohol and the amount of alcohol they are
drinking is at record levels (AIHW 2008; White and Hayman 2006; Shanahan and Hewitt 1999). The long and short term sequelae
associated with risky or high risk alcohol consumption include negative physical, emotional and social consequences (NHMRC 2001).
Immediate harms include accidents, injuries, decreased scholastic and sporting performance, aggression, violence, assault, disrupted
family relationships, high risk sexual activity, driving while under the influence of alcohol and delinquent behaviour (Jones and
Donovan 2001). Among young people aged 16 to 24 years, alcohol related harm is one of the leading causes of disease and injury
burden (AIHW 2006). These findings are consistent with population based research in Europe, United States and Canada (Jernigan
2001). Community concern has been reflected in Australian media reports about 'teenage binge drinking' and the associated harms and
generated debate in the Australian media about raising the legal age of alcohol consumption from 18 to 21 years (Editor 2008;

Definition And Categories Of Homelessness
Definition and Categories of Homelessness
The Early Years
The meaning of homelessness has changed many times in the past years, we have forgotten that casual laborers, vagrants, and the
wandering poor were not unseen in early years, whereby homelessness is an uneasy situation in society. According to Shlay & Rossie,
(1992), homelessness is an individual without a home or a permanent place, but current perspectives indicate that intermittent
homelessness falls into the definition. At the beginning vagrancy focused on skid row with the attention on single room hotels, boarding
houses, and cheap places to eat, on the community that attracted transients, though they were not homerless, whereby they had had a
place to sleep with an address. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Hubley et al. (2014), the quality of life for homeless is lower than that of the general population because of his or her
living conditions, such those who live on the streets with no place for personal care. There are no difference in the quality of life of
genders, but there are more services available to mothers caring for children than there are for single men, whereby there is a need for
more male services.
"Los Angeles County is the homeless capital of the USA, with at least 88,000 homeless in 2005 (Reese, Deverteuil, & Thach, 2010)."
The reason for the high number of homeless is the lack of income, a drop in non–existent welfare support and not enough affordable
housing, as a result has people into homelessness. The rent in California is high with a studio apartment running an average $843 per
month, which is not within the affordable rent for a minimum wage earner nor a recipient of Supplemental Security Income. According
to Reese et al. (2010), a majority of the homeless are in the older, diverse urban neighborhoods where homeless services have a habit of
gathering. As a result of low–income living in one area, the degree of mental disabilities and substance misuse are roughly twice as high
among the homeless compared to the entire County.
Imminent Homeless
According to Shlay & Rossie, (1992), intermittent homelessness is the movement in and out of his or her living situation, whereby the
individual has

Essay On Mr Blogg
COVER SHEET
RISK ASSESSMENT OF MR BLOG
SID: 1324008
WORD COUNT: 1470
Risk assessment of Mr Blog
Introduction:
Mr Joe Blog is 35–year old man currently serving a 5–year indeterminate sentence for grievous bodily harm. He was convicted of
repeatedly punching and kicking a male victim in retaliation to a verbal insult made by the victim. Mr Blog's was reported to have been
intoxicated and continued attacking the victim while he laid on the floor. Only did Mr Blog's cease from attacking the victim when
friends intervened and dispersed the situation. The victim sustained serious injuries, specifically that of a broken cheekbone and was
admitted to hospital for his injuries.
Purpose of report:
The purpose of the following report ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(1992). Foundation for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency. Criminology, 30(1), 47–88.
Agnew, R., Brezina, T., Wright, J. P., & Cullen, F. T. (2002). Strain, personality traits, and delinquency: Extending general strain theory.
Criminology, 40(1), 43–72.
Belfrage, H., Fransson, R., & Strand, S. (2000). Prediction of violence using the HCR–20: A prospective study in two maximum–
security correctional institutions. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 11(1), 167–175.
Cesaroni, C., & Peterson–Badali, M. (2010). Understanding the adjustment of incarcerated young offenders: A Canadian example.
Youth Justice, 10(2), 107–125.
Cohen, S., & McKay, G. (1984). Social support, stress and the buffering hypothesis: A theoretical analysis. Handbook of Psychology
and Health, 4, 253–267.
Coid, J., Yang, M., Ullrich, S., Zhang, T., Roberts, A., Roberts, C., ... & Farrington, D. (2007). Predicting and understanding risk of re–
offending: The Prisoner Cohort Study. Research Summary, 6, 1–9.
Dodge, K. A., & Crick, N. R. (1990). Social information–processing bases of aggressive behavior in children. Personality and Social
Psychology bulletin, 16(1),

Effects Of Depression On Mental Illness
Depression is a disabling condition that impacts a person's relationships, life, and health (Nardi, Francesconi, Catena–Dell'Osso,
Bellantuono, 2013). People develop depression from many life stressors, including loss of a loved one, low self–esteem, lack of social
support, job loss, natural life stressors, and many more. Many types of therapy can alleviate the symptoms of depression for an
individual. However, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy has been shown to have the most consistent enduring effects in relation to other
efficacious interventions (Hollon, Stewart, Strunk, 2006).
CBT helps the individual suffering from depression learn how to change their negative thinking and behavioral patterns and teaches the
individual how to change ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, lacking social support increases the risk of having poor mental health and poor parenting skills. The study performed by
these clinicians included a sample of adolescents between the ages of 15–18 years, in three waves (in third trimester, when their child
was 10 months old, and when the child was 24 months old). The study used interviews as a way to assess the level of support adolescent
mothers receive from their own mothers while transitioning into and out of pregnancy. Again, the study concluded that a strong support
system led to a more positive educational experience and more positive parenting skills.
Additionally, childhood sexual abuse or assault can have an impact on one's ability to establish and maintain health relationships.
Experiencing childhood sexual abuse may also contribute to developing poor relationships, impulsiveness, helplessness, and problems
forming stable and supportive friendships (Liang, Williams, Siegel, 2006). Furthermore, adolescents going through pregnancy are at a
higher risk of developing depression and a poor quality of life (Pires, Araújo–Pedrosa, Canavarro, 2013). The lack of support clearly
shows a correlation to developing depressive symptoms. This lack of support can lead an individual to feel hopeless, alone, and feel

Forms of Abuse Experienced by Adults
P1– describe forms of abuse which may be experienced by adults P2– describe factors that abuse may be happening to adults M1–
Assess the likely immediate effects of two different forms of abuse on the health and wellbeing of adults D1– Evaluate the potential
long–term effects of these two types of abuse on the health and wellbeing of adults Abuse is any form of mistreatment by any other
person or even persons that will violate an individual 's basic human and civil rights. The abuse can vary, from treating someone with
disrespect in a way that significantly affects the person 's quality of life, to causing actual physical or mental suffering, either over a
short term or a long term of time, clearly the longer it goes on the worse the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Immediate effects of sexual abuse The immediate effects of sexual abuse can be anything from STD, bruising in the genital area,
missing pieces of clothing, bruising marks on the adults body where they have been grabbed. These immediate effects can work
because it shows signs of sexual abuse and can help prove they have been abused and its not just in the vulnerable adults head.
Immediate effects on sexual abuse may not work though because its very hard to figure out that someone has been sexually abused if
their is no immediate effects and a case scenario has to be investigated further it could take longer to figure out if sexual abuse has been
happening or its all the vulnerable adults head or the adult could have dementia and dreaming it. Long term effects of sexual abuse on
adults The most common immediate effect is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or "PTSD." Other negative immediate effects may include
depression, anxiety, promiscuity, general behavioural problems, poor self–esteem, and disruptive behaviour disorders. Potential long
term effects of sexual abuse include depression, anxiety, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), sexualized dysfunction, and substance
abuse, prostitution, low self–esteem, STD's and flashbacks. These can cause vulnerable adults to even kill themselves and not want to
live with what has happened to

Essay on Health Promotion
"Health is defined as a state of physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity" (WHO). Like
wise health promotion is the process of increasing the functional capacity of all people hence promote the sense of well–being. In order
to accomplish this goal all health care professionals have to work hard by submitting themselves to their patients and community as a
whole. Thus globalize health promotion should be the ultimate mission for all health care team, especially for nurses. Nurses are the
first level health care team therefore nurses should play as a role model to all human beings. They should hold various positions in order
to achieve optimum results. In this evolving health industry ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The impacts of health promotion are healthy population and healthy environments. People need to commit themselves in strengthening
their learning skills and to change their necessary life styles in order to improve their health.
The Purpose of Health Promotion in Nursing Practice: Health promotion is utmost important to optimize and or to ensure a globalize
good quality health. It is a multifactor approach and moreover the health care costs can be reduced to a great extent. Thus today's bad
economic condition can be changed greatly. This enables every individual to function effectively and appropriately. It is necessary to
explore concepts of health by interactions between physical, social, psychological and spiritual aspects of life.(Edelman 2010). To
prevent further progression of diseases and various opportunistic infections nurses should implement multiple health education
strategies and teaching styles. While assessing the patients and their families, present health status, their education, economy, supportive
systems, learning skills and its strategies all have to be taken in to consideration. Furthermore implementing primary, secondary and
tertiary preventive measures to promote health of all populations in every country thus globalize health promotion is achievable. By
considering various aspects of health promotion, evaluating the effectiveness of assessments

Essay about The Underlying Causes of Teen Pregnancy
Before successfully preventing teen pregnancies among teenage girls, there are many underlying causes and facts about the dilemma
that must be first exposed. Children from homes run by teenage mothers have to face almost insurmountable obstacles in life. The
incidents of depression and mental health problems, the lack of father figures, and the high rate of poverty often connected to children
in homes run by teenage mothers put them at serious disadvantages when compared to children raised in nuclear families. Many people
believe that the implementation of sex education in schools and the addition of more federal aid for single parents are major causes for
the country's high rate of teen pregnancies. The true purpose of sex education and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Psychology Today, 2003) Girls who see their single mothers date many partners may become primed for early sexual exploration. Or, a
father's absence early in life may trigger doubts in girls about male reliability that hasten sexual activity and reproduction, as well as
promote a preference for brief relationships.
Juvenile abuse of alcohol and other drugs is strongly associated with risk–taking behavior, including promiscuity. According to the 1999
National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA) study "Dangerous Liaisons," increased promiscuity leads to a
greater risk for sexually transmitted diseases and unplanned teenage pregnancy (National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse
1999). Adolescents aged fourteen and younger who use alcohol are twice more likely to engage in sexual behaviors than non–drinkers;
drug users are five times more likely to be sexually active than youth who are drug–free. Teens between the age of fifteen and nineteen
who drink are seven times more likely to have sex and twice as likely to have four or more partners than those who refrain from
alcohol. Furthermore, more than 50 percent of teenagers say that sex while drinking or on drugs often produces unplanned pregnancies.
An Ohio study of high school girls who tried cocaine indicated that these adolescents were five times more likely to have experienced
an unintended pregnancy than peers who avoided

In America, Family Violence Such As Child Abuse And Spousal
In America, family violence such as child abuse and spousal abuse which is mostly against women has been known to be a silent crime.
There has been a high percentage of cases against women and an estimated one half of all child abuse cases have been unreported
(Pepler, 1989). In the late twentieth century, feminist groups began a campaign to accomplish a goal to eliminate family violence by
changing people's realization to conclude that no victim should leave a crime unsaid .in addition, twenty–eight percent of women
reported one incident of violence from their partners which shows the decrease in unreported cases. Most physical abuse victims in the
United States proves that women have a higher rate. In states, such as Nicaragua and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most of the time, the criminal is the father, grandfather, or stepfather, and the victim is usually a female in the same family, although
males are molested as well. Most of the victims do not report the crimes because they feel afraid, ashamed, and are too young to seek
help. Physical violence in children cause physical and psychological effects in all children that experience abuse by a family member in
most cases (Margolin, 1998). Furthermore, cases that involve children that are abused by family members cannot be calculated because
most cases are not reported which leads to miscalculation in cases that are not reported. Violence in the home results in serious threats
to children's development worldwide. An estimated, thirty–three percent of women, are assaulted by their husbands or male family
members in front of their children. In most countries, children's exposure to women abuse is not evaluated however, young people who
surveyed, witnessed incidents of physical domestic abuse against their mothers or stepmothers (Pepler, 1989). In addition, the United
States was evaluated that as many as ten million children were exposed to violence between their parents each year. Then, children
under the ae of twelve are

The Effects of Sexual Abuse on Children
Introduction Since doctors usually work in a surgery or hospital clinic, the diagnosis will be made following a process of history–taking
and examining the child. Pediatricians see children as their patients and are therefore bound to come into contact with child sexual
abuse. Some of these children may have symptoms and signs, and if they have not disclosed the abuse they depend on a doctor to
initiate concern about it. Both doctors and children will benefit from medical practice that accepts and recognizes a level of medical
concern expressed in terms of 'reasonable medical certainty' (Faller, 2009). A medical diagnosis of child sexual abuse can be a reference
point which can enable other agencies to make a more informed response during a multi–disciplinary assessment. This is particularly
important in preventative health terms for the young child where the doctor is able to initiate concern (Group B) and may have a vital
role in beginning further assessment by making a medical diagnosis. Doctors are more likely to take on this initial responsibility on
behalf of children if they believe that an accurate diagnosis is possible and, that in the absence of information to corroborate the
diagnosis, they will be supported and protected. Finkelhor, makes the point that 'If the necessarily strict criteria, that of beyond
reasonable doubt which is required by a criminal court of law are relied upon as the only indicator that child sexual abuse has occurred,
then most sexual

Child Sexual Abuse Essay
Child Sexual Abuse
Sexual abuse to a child at times is confusing to the family. Families who are affected by sexual abuse to a child tend to have a difficult
time talking about the abuse. About one out of every four girls and one out of every five boys are sexually abused by the time they are
18 years old. Sexual abuse to children happens across every socioeconomic status, ethnic, cultural, religion and education. Getting
treatment for a victim of child sexual abuse is a difficult process because of the lack of trust by the child. When child sexual abuse
occurs the victim's family has a difficult time talking about the abuse, which leads to the family pretending the abuse never happened.
Once the family ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Children are the most vulnerable to sexual abuse, and there are risk factors to consider that would make one child more of a target
compared to another child. The three risk factors that are related to sexual abuse are: 1) the age of the child, 2) socioeconomic status
and 3) how well the child knows his/her abuser. Child abuse is reported about 80,000 times per year, but the most alarming fact is how
many reports of child abuse goes unreported due to the child being afraid to talk about the sexual abuse, and they do not want to get
their offender in trouble. Children between the ages of three to five years old are considered to be the most vulnerable to be a victim of
sexual abuse. Children need to have supervision at all times, especially during times like changing clothes and bathing. If unsupervised,
this can open the door for sexual abuse by the relatives, babysitters, etc. The second risk factor is the socioeconomic status; the offender
will notice the child isn't getting any attention from the family and will manipulate the situation with the child. The perpetrator will
offer to buy the child things that the family can't buy for the child, listening to the child's problems and gain their trust. The level of
education plays a role, if the child is raised by a single parent and/or if the parents have marital problems. Once trust is established this
is when the perpetrator will sexually abuse a child. Lastly, the final part is how well the

Emotional Literacy Plan For Young Children
Emotional Literacy Plan
Jean Pierson
Brandman University
ECED 302
Spring 2 1015
Julianne Zvalo–Martyn
May 3, 2015
Introduction
Three– Five years Old
Key Concept Developmental knowledge to create healthy and respectful learning environments for young children (NAEYC 1c)
According to researcher, it is important to create a healthy and respectful learning environment because young children experience their
world an environment of relationships and these relationships affect virtually all aspects of their development, intellectual social,
emotional, physical, behavioral and moral.
I will create a learning environment that supports social and emotional development for children when I have a kind, caring interaction
with each child. There is ample evidence that the provision of a responsive and nurturing relationship is pivotal to a child's development
(National Research Council, 2001; Shonkoff & Phillips, 2000). I will support an environment with family interaction, a physical
environment that promotes active learning and appropriate behavior that will promote child's social and emotional development.
(NAEYC, 2009)
Strategies
To design classroom environment that promote children engagement and teaching children new social skills. (Lawry, Danko, & Strain,
1999; Neilsen, Olive, Donovan, & McEvoy, 1999; Strain & Hemmeter, 1999). Developing reciprocal relationships will establish
interactions that allow equal voice for all children. I will create an

The Effects Of Childhood Sexual Abuse On Adults Sexual...
The impact of Childhood Sexual Abuse on Adults Sexual Behavior
Jamila Kamara
Dr. Lauren Vansluytman
Morgan State University
Sexual abuse leaves many scars, creating feelings of guilt, anger, and fear that haunt survivors throughout their lives. These traumatic
experiences can be detrimental to the victims' sense of their own sexuality. Numerous individuals who have been abused have trouble
pursuing adult relationships and engaging in sex as an adult. The abuse can color a person 's sexuality, preventing the survivor from
pursuing a healthy sex life with a caring partner. Sexual abuse is defined as unwanted sexual activity, with perpetrators using force,
making threats or taking advantage of victims not able to give consent (Corcoran & Walsh, 2006). An immediate reaction to individuals
who have been sexually abused include shock, fear or disbelief. Long–term symptoms include anxiety, fear or post–traumatic stress
disorder (Corcoran & Walsh, 2006).
In general, childhood sexual abuse survivors tend to either pursue sex recklessly as adults or to forgo sex completely (Thompson, 2015).
Adult survivors of child sexual abuse tend to have trouble with intimacy and relationships. Their first encounter with sex may have been
as a result of being sexually abused. Many survivors experience flashbacks or painful memories while engaging in sexual activity, even
though it is consensual and on their own terms. Survivors may also struggle to set boundaries that

Catholic Church Observation
I attended the Body of Christ (BOC) church service in Oakland Park, Florida run by people from the Lesbian Gay Bisexual and
Transgender (LGBT) community. The service was similar in many ways to traditional interdenominational or non–denominational
church services. The service started at 10:30 am and was competed by 12:00 noon. What was particularly nice was after the service all
attendees were invited to attend pot luck lunch that is provided every week. The service started promptly at 10:30 am. Several songs of
contemporary music were played and sang by the worship team and congregation. They also sang two songs that were from the old very
traditional church worship at the end one was the Old Rugged Cross and the other Amazing Grace. I was raised Catholic and have
attended many different denominations throughout my lifetime. I have for the past 10 years attended an Evangelical Presbyterian ...
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They recently had celebrated their 20 year anniversary. They still had banners on the wall from the celebration when I attended. I had
taken the time to interview some of the members and pastor after the service. The original founder was a young man who had
completed the Southern Baptist seminary. Upon completing his degree and ordination he came out to his family and church that he was
gay. During that time he had a difficult time, as the Southern Baptist Church, took a hard line against his being a homosexual. He left
the Baptist church and moved to South Florida from Arkansas. He discovered that he still loved God and wanted to do ministry. He
particularly felt called to work for and in the Gay community. He started the BOC church primarily for the Gay community. His parents
who were also staunch Southern Baptist decided their love of God and their child was more important than their church legalism. His
vision was a place where regardless of sexual orientation all people would be welcome and

Substance Abuse And Substance Abuse
Substance abuse accounts for a high number of deaths in the United States. Alcohol is the third leading cause of deaths in the country
with approximately 88,000 deaths occurring annually (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). In contrast, almost 40,400
annual deaths are related to the use of illicit drugs. As reported by The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration (2014), 24%
of youths in the eighth grade, and 64% in the twelfth grade, have used alcohol in the past year. Of the adolescents ages 12–17, 11.6%
have used alcohol in the past month, 6.2% have engaged in binge drinking, and 5.6% have smoked cigarettes (Fisher, G.L., & Harrison,
T.C., 2013). Substance abuse is defined as the continuous use of alcohol and/or other drugs despite consequences in one or more areas
of a person's life (Fisher, G.L., & Harrison, T.C., 2013). Substance abuse relates to other problems, such as illegal behavior, family
conflict, poor academic performance, lack of respect for authority, deficiencies in self–confidence, and psychiatric symptoms (Liddle,
Rowe, Dakof, & Henderson, 2009). Although substance abuse is a prevalent issue, interventions have been implemented to assist these
individuals in making a change.
The Interventions
Multisystemic therapy (MST)
Multisystemic therapy is an intensive family and community–based treatment for delinquent and antisocial adolescents ages 12–17,
who have possible substance abuse issues (California Evidenced–Based Clearing House, 2009). According to the California Evidenced–
Based Clearing House (CEBC), (2009), MST goal is to empower parents and youths, as well as remove or lessen the severity of their
behavior. Services are delivered in the home or a location convenient for both the parent and the child. MST looks at the person–in–
environment to understand behavior within its naturally occurring context (Liddle, 2010). MST addresses adolescent's involvement in
the Juvenile System; physical aggression at home, school or in the community; substance abuse; verbal threats or harm to others; and
verbal aggression. For the parent, MST addresses their difficulty in managing anger, substance abuse, and the barriers to effective
parenting (California Evidenced–Based Clearing

Social And Social Diverty, Poverty And Unhealthy Lifestyles
Consumers with lower–incomes are more likely to live unhealthily, as low–income has become directly correlated with living an
unhealthy lifestyle. When shopping for groceries, consumers with relatively low monthly incomes are substantially more likely to eat
unhealthily, and are more likely to be obese. This issue of poverty and unhealthy living stems from the idea of social and physical
environments. Why is it that people of low socioeconomic status are more likely to smoke, drink excessively and have high fat diets?
The issue surrounding the fact that lower–income consumers have higher mortality rates can be explained through behavioural studies.
The demographic of people who are most affected by unhealthy lifestyles due to lack of wealth is the lower class who can afford their
basic needs such as food, shelter and clothing, but can't afford to live within supportive communities and live fulfilling lives. These
behaviours are more costly than the healthier method of avoiding these actions altogether. Individuals with low SES are behaving this
way not to save money, but to compensate and cope with realities of poverty, such as a lack of healthy relationships.
This unhealthy behaviour can partly be attributed to individuals and communities providing low levels of "Social Capital(3)". Social
capital is defined as "the number and type of relationships an individual has(3)", and low SES communities often have low levels of
social cohesion. Research has found that

Sexual Abuse And Child Abuse
Sexual abuse to a child can be a confusing and devastating experience for the family. Families who are affected by child sexual abuse
can have a difficult time talking about the abuse. Studies have shown that about one out of every four girls and one out of every five
boys are sexually abused by the time they are 18 years old.
Sexual abuse to children does not discriminate based on socioeconomic status, ethnicity, culture, religion or education. Treating a victim
of child sexual abuse is a difficult process because of the lack of trust the child will have for authoritarian figures. Often times when
child sexual abuse occurs the family members have a hard time acknowledging or even believing the abuse occurred, which can lead to
the family ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Child abuse is reported about 80,000 times per year, but the most disturbing fact is how many reports of child abuse go unreported due
to the child being afraid to talk about the abuse, and not wanting to get their offender in trouble.
Children between the ages of three to five years old are considered to be the most vulnerable to be a victim of sexual abuse. Children
need to have supervision at all times, especially during times like changing clothes and bathing. If unsupervised, this can open the door
for sexual abuse by the relatives, babysitters, etc. The second risk factor is the socioeconomic status; the offender will notice the child
isn't getting any attention from the family and will manipulate the situation with the child. The perpetrator will offer to buy the child
things that the family can't, listen to the child's problems and gain their trust. The level of education plays a role, if the child is raised by
a single parent and/or if the parents have marital problems. Once trust is established this is when the perpetrator will sexually abuse a
child. Lastly, the final part is how well the child knows the perpetrator. The abuse of the child usually has occurred for a long time due
to the close relationship between the child and perpetrator. The perpetrator will groom the child and his/her family by doing things for
them, which the abuser has been targeting the child for

Child Abuse and Neglect Essay example
Child abuse is the intentional omission of care by a parent or guardian that can cause a child to be hurt, maimed, or even killed. Child
abuse can be either physical, mental, emotional or sexual. Because of child abuse, Caprice Ried will never do the things that a normal
four–year old does. She will never play on a playground, or go to a sleepover, and never go to school. All of this was taken away from
her at such a young age, when she died of child abuse. The foster parents, Patricia Coker, and her mother Betty Coker have been
charged with second degree murder for Caprice's death. Caprice went without food for days. She was also tied to a chair and beaten
with a stick until she couldn't walk.
Several days later, she was found ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With more than 6.6 million children under the age of 18 living in alcoholic households, and an additional number of children living in
households where parents have problems with illicit drugs, a significant number of children in this country are being raised by addicted
parents. Child maltreatment has become a national epidemic. More than one million children are confirmed each year as victims of
child abuse and neglect by state child protective service agencies. Every day at least three children die as a result of abuse or neglect.
State child welfare records indicate that substance abuse is one of the top two problems exhibited by families in 81% of the reported
cases. Recent research on the connection between alcohol or drug problems and child maltreatment clearly indicates a connection
between the two problems. Among confirmed cases of child maltreatment, 40% involve the use of alcohol or other drugs.
This suggests that of the 1.2 million confirmed victims of child maltreatment, and estimated 480,000 children are mistreated each year
by a caretaker with alcohol or other drug problems. Additionally, research suggests that alcohol and other drug problems are factors in a
majority of cases of emotional abuse and neglect. In fact, neglect is the major reason that children are removed from a home in which
parents have alcohol or other drug problems. Children

Is Florida Assertive Community Treatment?
Abstract
Florida Assertive Community Treatment (FACT) is a program that provides comprehensive community counseling to individuals
diagnosed with a debilitating mental illness. It is federally funded by the State of Florida Department of Children and Families and
serves a clientele of 100 clients in the Volusia and Flagler County areas. It is a derivative of the Program of Assertive Treatment (PACT)
which was developed in Wisconsin in the 1970s when deinstitutionalization was a major practice in the mental health field. This
outpatient program is rehabilitation and recovery oriented. FACT is unique in that it is the only service available that offers a housing,
medication, and flexible funding subsidy to enrolled individuals which help to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Deinstitutionalization
Deinstitutionalization is defined as the movement of severely mentally ill people out of large state institutions. In the 1950s, public
hospitals housed well over 500,000 people. The reduction in the number of institutionalized people began in 1956. By 1980, the
residential population in mental hospitals dropped by nearly three–quarters, an average of 154,000 individuals. This decrease is due to
the process of closing public hospitals and transferring patients to community–based mental health services. Consequently, community
services were implemented (Talbott 2004).
Deinstitutionalization was intended to decrease dependence on large, segregated, restrictive institutions and support the development of
community mental health treatment. It began with high expectations that modern medications and treatments could assure people with
serious mental illness a successful life in the community. However, by the time community treatment was effective, it was too late for
many people. A large number of patients released from state hospitals into the community became homeless. Although homelessness
among this population is closely related with deinstitutionalization, it is not the result of deinstitutionalization. It is more attributed to
the way in which

DBT Therapist: A Case Study
A strength of DBT is that therapists are able to disclose the way that they use skills application to solve problems in their own lives. As
a trained DBT therapist, this is a strategy that I utilise regularly with the people I work with, in order to normalise and validate their
problems and reflect a sense of personally benefitting from the use of DBT skills. Similarly, MBT therapists are taught to use self–
disclosure of their own point of view to enlarge the patient's perspective of an interpersonal situation, thereby illustrating that there are
various ways in which interpersonal events can be interpreted, resulting in more productive or less destructive responses by the patient
(Bateman, 2015). Both DBT and MBT incorporate warmth, empathy, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of Imogen's primary defences against traumatic stress symptoms is 'attribution'. (reference) This means that she attributes the
thoughts, emotions and experiences that she can't tolerate in her own mind, to another individual. (It is not I that needs you it is you that
needs me, It is not I that am angry with my mother it is you that wants me to be). At times I have found myself feeling anxious while
working with Imogen and worried that I'm not doing a good enough job supporting her. Upon reflection (both individually and within
clinical supervision) I have determined that I am sensitive to (transference/counter transference/attribution) and find it difficult when I
am not always held in positive regard, something which is inevitable when working with this client group. Due to my own drive to be
effective and please others, I have had to be reflective in my practice and utilise my own coping strategies in order to build the personal
resilience required for this role. Sampson (2006) highlights that if services and practitioners take more responsibility than is helpful, it
can impact not only on the client's recovery but also lead to the professional feeling frustrated, stressed and burdened. Without the
opportunity to process these feelings, there is the potential

Effects of Child Abuse on Juvenile Delinquency
The Effects of Child Abuse on Juvenile Delinquency
Tyshenia Gavin
Virginia State University
Dr. Hodgson
Abstract This literature review explores existing literature and scholarship that outlines the effects of early child abuse (2–8 years old)
on future acts of delinquency. Literature suggests that a correlation exists between the effects of child abuse and delinquency. Common
problematic behaviors are socialization changes and learning abilities from early childhood to adolescence. Studies indicated
correlations along with social theories such as the Social Control Theory which is dominant in explaining the relevance of these
correlations. Researchers have developed programs such as early ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Being abuses or neglected as a child increased the likelihood of arrest as a juvenile by 53 percent, as adult by 38 percent, and for a
violent criminal by 48 percent" (Widom, 1992). Many children become familiar with the Juvenile Justice System without knowledge of
why they continue to commit crimes. Many of them suffered years of being abuses, which caused socialization changes that pushed
them to withdraw or act out. This research is important because it shows the long terms effects child abuse has on children that become
juvenile delinquents. Statistics show increasing numbers of children who are the victims of child abuse and neglect, although they
decrease in delinquency may reflect a greater nation focus on the issue and the use of more effective programs to attack the problem.
This research is important to me because the Criminal Justice System doesn't address the causes of deviant behavior in juvenile
delinquents to its full potential. They rather just focus on policing and tough sanctions. Hopefully with this paper and many others child
abuse can be prevented along with the long–term effects of child abuse and better programs can be invented to treat child abuse victims.
The Office of Justice Programs came up with a "Safe Kids Safe Streets" Program, which acknowledge the correlation between child
abuse and juvenile delinquency and is aimed at breaking the cycle of early childhood victimization and later delinquency (Safe

Substance Abuse And Mental Health
Substance abuse and mental health issues affect millions of adolescents and adults in the United States. An estimated 24.6 million
individuals aged 12 or older were current illicit drug users in 2013; including 2.2 million adolescents aged 12 to 17. In 2013, 60.1
million individuals aged 12 or older were past month binge drinkers, including 1.6 million adolescents. In Kansas, the percentage of
people over the age of 18 with mental illnesses is about 18.2% which is similar to the national average (Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, 2014).
Mental health disorders and substance abuse can have a significant impact on the health of individuals, their families and their
communities. These disorders are among the top conditions that cause disability and carry a high burden of disease in the United States,
resulting in significant costs to families, employers and publicly funded health systems. By 2020, mental health and substance use
disorders will surpass all physical diseases as a major cause of disability worldwide (SAMHSA, 2014). In addition, drug and alcohol
use can lead to chronic diabetes and heart disease. Addressing the impact of substance use alone is estimated to cost Americans more
than $600 billion each year.
Preventing mental health/substance use disorders and related problems in children, adolescents and young adults are critical to
Americans' behavioral and physical health. Behaviors

Family Violence : AAnd White Ribbon Day
Family violence is broadly defined across health literature as experiencing direct or indirect exposure to maltreatment and violence in
the family unit (Lee, Walters, Hall, & Basile, 2013, p. 85). Family violence is a widespread, often silent, issue in both developed and
developing countries. Health promotion campaigns such as ¬¬'One in Three', 'Violence Against Women – Australia Says No' and 'White
ribbon day' in Australia raise awareness and employ strategies to address the issues related to violence in the home. Many of the
techniques and principles employed in these campaigns are significant attributes for a multi–tiered campaign to address each
demographic of men, women and children against violence. Moreover, substance abuse and socioeconomic status are key risk factors
for family violence, and these factors are associated with personal and relationship issues, expressing the need for campaigns to target
help at individual and family levels (Kassis, Artz, Scambor, Scambor, & Moldenhauer, 2013, p. 182). Here, the aim is to provide a
health promotion campaign that addresses each level of family violence and provide care, information and empowerment for those
impacted by violence in the home.
Women:
A report by the Bureau of Justice Statistics found that, of family violence, 50 percent is spousal, around 40 percent is caused by other
family members, and approximately 11 percent is parental (Kang, 2012, p. 304). Therefore, women are at an increased risk of being
abused

Teen Dating Violence : Research
Teen Dating Violence
Research on adolescent dating violence (DV) is limited, even though it is a risk factor for adult intimate partner violence (IPV). IPV is a
serious health concern that is linked to depression, eating disorders, substance abuse, sexually transmitted diseases, and pregnancy (De
Grace & Clarke, 2012). According to The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2016), teen dating violence is defined as
the physical, sexual, psychological, or emotional violence within a dating relationship, including stalking. Physical abuse occurs when a
teen is pinched, hit, shoved, or kicked. Emotional abuse is considered threatening a teen or harming his/her sense of self–worth, and
sexual abuse is forcing a teen to engage in a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If you are under 18 and are residing with a parent/guardian, California law requires the court to notify at least one parent/guardian if
you receive a protection order, unless doing so would not be in your best interests. The California Legislature has stated that funds for
violence prevention can also be used for dating violence prevention education. California can improve on its policies by allowing all
minors to file for protection orders without parental involvement or notification. Additionally, the state should require schools to include
dating violence education in health classes in all middle schools and high schools (Love is Respect, 2016).
Description of the Issue
Risk Factors The research conducted by Miller et al. (2011) confirms that physical dating violence in adolescents is common in the
United States and that it is positively associated with a variety of childhood adversities. The twelve they assessed for in their study are:
parental death, parental divorce, other long–term parental separation, parent's mental illness, parental substance use disorder, parental
criminality, interparental violence, serious physical illness in childhood, physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, and family economic
adversity. Interparental violence, along with sexual abuse and parent mental illness, were found to be strong predictors of physical
dating violence. A limitation of this research, however, is that the survey did not

Literature Review On Resilience
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW INTRODUCTION This chapter will provide an overview of resilience and the factors that
affect it will be discussed. The literature review will address parental rearing behaviour, social support as well as religious faith in
relation to resilience. Joseph (1994) defines resilience as the glue that keeps individuals functioning when they are confronted with
misfortunes and challenges. It is also the attitudes, coping behaviour and personal strength in people who manage adversity and adjust
well to changes in their lives, as well as the ability to bounce back from bad or difficult situations. Resilience is understood as a force or
power, coping mechanisms, and other personal traits that keep individuals going when they ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Such labels implied that these individuals were in possession of a rare and significant set of qualities that enabled them to rebound from
whatever adversity came their direction, almost as if these fortunate individuals possessed a sort of innate magical force that protected
them form all harm (Santos, nd) Implicit in the concept of resilience as a dynamic process is the understanding that resilience can grow
or decline over time depending on the interactions taking place between an individual and their environment and between risk and
protective factors in an individual's life (Borman & Rachuba, 2001). The process of resilience is dependent on the factors in a person's
environment and other factors in their life. These concepts will be discussed in detail in the following paragraphs. Current theories view
resilience as a multidimensional construct, which includes constitutional variables like temperament and personality, in addition to
specific skills such as active problem–solving skills that allow individuals to cope well with traumatic life

SUD And Child Abuse Essay
Introduction Providing the best child care is a universal interest of all parents in the world. As the consequences, some of the parents
even move to different countries, where to have a better education system for their child. They might have different ways to devote in
child rearing but all agree to sacrifice themselves for the best for their child the best care, education, comfortable environment for
education and growth development. And this parenting is an undeniable nature of human being. Unfortunately, there are researches
finding parents with substance abuse has a tendency to abuse their child and fail to support great environment for the child. There are
many types of research shows the positive relationship between parental SUD and child abuse. Sadly, this child abuse pass down and
those childhood abusers have 2 to 13 times higher risk in their child abuse. According to the research Staton–Tindall, Sprang, Clark,
Walker, & Craig, 2013 for a review; Wekerle, Wall, Leung, & Trocmé, 2007, which found a detrimental consequences of child abuse
within the group of parents with a substance use disorder (SUD). Many of therapist ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Behavioral couple's therapy (BCT) is designed to promote partner, who is SUD, support for abstinence and attempts to alter dyadic
patterns to support a family environment. The primary reason for therapy is not to reduce child abuse but to provide a sustainable
environment to correct abuser's behavior. As many previous types of research show couples in which one or both parents have SUD
present communication, emotional distress, mental, health problems, arguing, physical partner violence, financial stress which also lead
to increase in child abuse. And hope to reduce risk in child abuse as secondarily to improvement in couple's relations (Kelley, Bravo,
Braitman, Lawless & Lawrence,

Vulnerable Adults
Unit 11 Safeguarding adults and promoting independence.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Task 1 P1: Describe forms of abuse which may be experienced by adults. Provide 5 types of abuse (e.g. Physical, Psychological,
Sexual, Financial, Neglect) Forms of abuse in adults can include: Physical – Such as: Hitting, Pushing, Hair–pulling, Pinching,
Inappropriate restraint, Shaking, Misuse of medication, or Scalding. Psychological – Such as: Blaming, Humiliation, verbal abuse,
Threats of harm or abandonment; harassment, Prevention from receiving services or support, Deprivation of social or any other form of
contact, Controlling, Intimidation. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As this is a distinction task you will be required to make reference to sources other than the text book. Psychological effects Case Study
Frank calls his daughter on his cell phone stating that his wife gets upset when she sees phone numbers from his children on the
landline caller ID. Frank is an 81–year–old widower who remarried 12 years ago. In the sixth year of marriage, Frank needed open–
heart and bypass surgery, was diagnosed with spinal stenosis, peripheral neuropathy, and has pain that is difficult to manage. During this
time, Frank's personality changed insidiously from a lively conversationalist with many interests, to a somewhat solemn recluse with
limited direct contact with his children and friends. Was this due to his change in health or due to the change in the dynamic of his
marriage from husband and wife to elder patient and caregiver? Frank's daughter is extremely upset by this phone call. Frank makes
excuses for his wife's behaviour, such as, "She is cranky because she doesn't eat breakfast" or "I'm such a burden." The daughter
realizes that immediate action needs to be taken before the situation gets worse. Frank's daughter finds herself in a difficult situation.
She does not want to call Adult Protective Services (APS) as she feels that action will permanently damage her relationship with her
father. She decides to call one of Frank's

Child Maltreatment Research Paper
Child maltreatment, whether it be in the form of physical, emotional, or sexual abuse, is a multifaceted problem, the understanding of
which requires identifying individual, family, social, and cultural related factors. Abuse survivors often have problems with
interpersonal relationships, substance abuse, depression, and psychosocial functioning in general.
Children from low–income families are at a greater risk for abuse than children not living in poverty. It appears that child maltreatment
is related to indicators of socioeconomic and demographic well–being. High risk areas for child abuse are characterized by social
disorganization and lack of social coherence in contrast to low risk areas that have a stronger social fabric. Poverty limits

Prevention Of Hiv / Aids Essay
The theories, interventions and strategies currently used to treat individuals diagnosed with HIV/AIDS involve several factors as it
relates to a chronic disease. According to Auslander & Freedenthal in Gehlert & Browne (2012), HIV/AIDS is a chronic disease that
once diagnosed, requires adherence to complex and challenging treatment regimens. Prevention of this disease requires changes in
behavior that would lead to the reduction of less risky sexual behaviors. Harm reduction is a particular treatment approach that is used
with HIV/AIDS individuals. As stated by Straussner (2014), Harm reduction treatment is both a philosophy and treatment approach. It
was adapted in the United States in the 1980's to minimize the transmission of HIV among injection drug users. Clean needles were
distributed to injection drug users to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS The combination of drug medications is another form of
intervention used to treat HIV/AIDS. Highly Advanced Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is a multi – drug approach or drug cocktail
used to treat HIV/AIDS. This form of intervention was effective in the risk reduction of both HIV/AIDS as it was able to provide
durable suppression in the infected person. Cichocki (2016), states that HAART is now being used to reverse infection rates in high–
risk populations, and has been shown to reduce the risk of HIV illnesses by as much as 58%. Treatment as Prevention (TasP) is another
strategy used and has shown a decrease in the

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