The On Neural Tube Deficiency

The On Neural Tube Deficiency
Neural tube deficiency happens in about 80,000 and 100,000 pregnancies in China. It causes the offspring to be born with defects of the brain, spine, or
spinal cord. They happen in the first month of pregnancy and both genetic and environments contribute to the cause. Numerous prospective,
retrospective and controlled trial studies have suggested proper folic acid supplementation for pregnant women can reduce the incidence of NTDs in
their offspring. Association between folic acid supplementation or dietary folate intake and NTDs risk may be affected by maternal body mass
index. Studies have suggested the risk of NTDs in offspring among obese mothers have not decreased. Body mass index greater than 31kg is at
risk of delivering an offspring with NTDs. Other studies find more than 400mg of folate intake from diet per day is only protective against NTDs
in women who weigh less than 154.3Ibs. A total of 459 pairs of participants took part in the study: 259 pairs were from Shandong Province and 200
pairs were from Shanxi Province. Mothers who gave birth to healthy infants in the same area, same hospital and within the same time as the another
group was the controlled groups. The mothers were separated by Underweight/normal weight BMI less than 24.0 and overweight/obese mothers BMI
greater than 24.0. Given folic acid was defined as taking 0.4mg of a folic acid tablet and categorized folic acid supplementation into four groups: never
used, preconception use, use within 3 months
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Anencephaly: When the Neural Tube Fails to Close during...
Between day twenty–five and twenty–seven of pregnancy, normally before a woman even knows she is pregnant, the neural tube that ultimately
becomes the brain and spinal cord begins to develop and eventually close. When the neural tube fails to close, the outcome is a neural tube defect called
anencephaly. Anencephaly is a congenital birth defect and is characterized by the absence of the prosencephalon (fore–brain), cerebrum, cerebellum,
and cranium. Part of the brain–stem is usually present. The head usually stops just above the eyebrows and slopes backwards. Since the head stops so
suddenly, many babies appear to have bulging eyes. Some are born with cyclopia, the presence of only one eye centered in the middle of the forehead.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Exposure to high levels of mercury or lead may also be a contributing factor, as well as prolonged hyperthermia and obesity. Hispanic women are at
a greater risk for having a child born with this type of defect. Once a woman has had an anencephalic child, she has a 1 in 10 chance of having
another baby with this birth defect. In 2006, data was collected on 303 babies who were diagnosed with anencephaly and were not terminated. Of
those 303 babies, about 40% were born prematurely (before 37 weeks) and 4% beyond 42 weeks. Two–thirds of the mothers were either induced or
had a planned cesarean section for those born at term. Polyhydramnios was present in 30% of the cases which accounted for 60% of those born
prematurely. When delivered by cesarean section, 4% died during birth, 53% died within twenty–four hours, 30% lived up to five days, and 13% lived
longer than six days. For vaginal births, 37% of babies died during birth when a doctor or midwife ruptured the amniotic bag, opposed to 18% if the
amniotic bag ruptured naturally. According to statistics, if the anencephalic child is delivered via cesarean section at full term, there is a better chance
of that child being born alive, if only for a little while. Once the exposed brain comes into contact with the air, there is a great risk of infection. Most
babies with this condition die from cardiorespiratory

Case Report : Peg Tube Migration Associated With Acute...
Case report: PEG tube migration associated with acute pancreatitis Amer hawatmeh, Anas Al–khateeb Abstract Context: Association between PEG tube
dislodgement with acute pancreatitis was cited in the literature, presumptively due to obstruction of the Ampulla of Vater. Case: We reported a case of
PEG tube migration into the duodenum with associated acute pancreatitis. Conclusion: recognition of the possibility of disturbed biliary flow in the
setting of PEG tube migration to the duodenum as possible predisposing factor in acute pancreatitis in patients with PEG tube. Case report A 76 year
old Hispanic female, with past medical history of Alzheimer dementia, functional quadriplegia, oropharyngeal dysphagia with a 24 Fr PEG tube... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Abdominal ultrasound showed distended gallbladder with a sludge, no new changes since last episode of acute pancreatitis, CBD diameter was 2
mm. CT scan of the abdomen revealed PEG tube balloon and tip in the second/third portion of the duodenum without evidence of acute pancreatitis.
A diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was made based on high lipase and abdominal pain. At bedside the PEG tube was pulled back to stomach. Within
the following 2 days, all of her symptoms improved, with near normal resolution of her lipase, alkaline phosphatase, and creatinine. Patient was
discharged after 2 days of admission. Discussion PEG tube placement has become one of the common aspects in caring for patients with long term
oropharyngeal dysphagia. Ten percent of nursing home residents and 1.7% of Medicare patients over the age of 85 years undergo gastrostomy tube

The Effect of Neural Tube Defects on Healthcare
According to the EncyclopГ¦dia Britannica (2014), a neural tube defect is "any congenital defect of the brain and spinal cord as a result of abnormal
development of the neural tube." This birth defect is "the most common congenital defect of the central nervous system, affecting the brain and/or
spinal cord of 300,000 newborns worldwide each year" (Ricks et al., 2012, p. 391). The exact cause of these central nervous system defects is unknown,
but there are many contributing factors that are evidenced to assist in the prevention of such a disorder. I will examine the varying types of neural tube
defect, populations in which this defect is most prevalent, possible causes of the defect, and how this defect affects the healthcare system. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
More severe cases of spina bifida require immediate surgery to ensure the infant's survival. Encephalocele also pertains to a defect in the cephalic
portion of the neural tube. This condition "occurs when a meningeal sac containing brain tissue protrudes from the skull. The outlook for affected
individuals depends on the amount of nervous tissue involved" (neural tube defect, 2014). Infants born with a neural tube defect are also examined
for hydrocephalus, or "water on the brain." Hydrocephalus "occurs when normal passages for the cerebrospinal fluid that fills the neural tube are
partially or completely blocked" by a neural tube defect (neural tube defect, 2014). (Frazier & Drzymkowski, 2013; neural tube defect, 2014) "The
prevalence of neural tube defects is higher in Mexican–Americans than other U.S. populations" (Suarez, Felkner, Brender & Canfield, 2012, p. 844).
This correlates with evidence that these malformations occur more frequently in poor, obese, or undernourished populations. These groups do not have
access to, or do not consume, the necessary nutrients vital to proper neural tube formation. These vital nutrients, as well as some harmful exposures,
will be examined more fully in the coming paragraph. (Suarez et al., 2012) Neural tube defects develop during the first month of pregnancy; because of
this women who are capable of becoming pregnant should monitor

Administering A Tube Feeding
Administering a Tube Feeding David J.C. Pennewell State Technical College of Missouri Abstract The main objective of this paper is to convey the
importance of proper tube feeding technique and understanding to be a nurse who can provide quality care. The method of to reach this level of
understanding is discussed through physical characteristics of tubes. Including how to name tubes and indicate lumen size with measurements in
"Frenches" Disease understanding and associated complications are also of vital importance, and are discussed more in depth. Conclusions are drawn
that a nurse must be highly aware of all of the discussed methods of tube feeding technique and understanding to administer high quality care. . Tube
Classifications Tube Feeding has several different names, all of which are determined by the insertion location and distal end. For example, a tube that
begins in the nose and ends in the stomach is termed as nasogastric tube feeding. Other classifications include orogastric, nasojejunal, gastronomy, and
jejunostomy. Each tube is measured in units called French units. These "Frenches" measure the outer lumen of the tube and determine the width of the
tube. Tubes with smaller widths are known as small–bore tubes; similarly for larger widths as large–bore... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A nurse should never assume that their employer will not encounter patients who have or have experienced feeding tubes. That is why it is imperative
that an excellent nurse is completely familiar with how to administer and care for patients with tube feedings. Administering tube feedings requires the
nurse be familiar with the physical characteristics of tubing, the disease processes involved with patients who require tube feeding, and any
complications associated with improper tube feeding

Tube 2 Lab
Figure 1. Results recorded from experiment. After every 15 seconds for four minutes, the absorbance was recorded.
Based on these results recorded in Figure 1, it appears that Tube 2, which contained the 10% salt concentration, would be one of the optimal
concentrations due to its high absorbance similar to Tube 3 and Tube 4 and it having a rate of the reaction was significantly faster than the other tubes.
However, taking a deeper look into understanding the information, we can attribute human error to Tube 2. The reason it is believed that Tube 2
contained human error was because the initial recording started with a very high absorbance reading and did not have a large change in absorbance.
To determine the optimal concentration, we must ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After reviewing the data, it can be concluded that our hypothesis was, indeed, true. Though it is difficult to confirm whether the cuvettes that contained
the highest concentration (15% and 10%) denatured, our team agreed that the higher concentration was less effective due to lower change in absorbance.
Problems Encountered There were a couple of problems that our group encountered while conducting this experiment. Since this was our first
experiment dealing with enzyme activity, the probability of human error increased. We found it difficult to go through the procedures with undefined
roles for our team. The other problem that our team encountered was the getting the cuvettes into the spectrophotometer quickly once the enzyme was
introduced to the cuvette.
Solutions to Problems The solutions to our problems are simple. As more experiments are conducted with similar procedures, human error will
decrease. As well as, defining the role of each member of the team, such as designating one member to create all of the stock solutions, while another
prepares the enzymes and so on. Creating the final solution near the spectrophotometer would solve the problem of transferring the cuvette faster. The
quicker the cuvette is placed, the quicker you can get accurate absorbance

The Effects Of Pollution On A Natural Environment
Introduction
Pollution is a very wide–use term that means the introduction of contaminants that cause a negative change into a natural environment. It englobes all
sort of contaminations such as air contaminants, water contaminants, solid contaminants on soil and a lot more. As we can see in the World Wild Life
website, pollution is a very important issue he have and that we have to fix as soon as possible. There are even natural substances considered as
pollutants once they exceed natural levels in a certain area.
As we know, salt water can be found in most water reservoirs, and it provides a lot of ecosystems protection against bacteria but it can also be
considered a pollutant if the salt levels on a water mas is higher than what it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Methods
In order to set up the experiment, twelve test tubes total were used; four of them were the control tubes, which had no algae solution contents. The
reason for not adding algae is that the control tubes solutions are meant to be the starting point for comparison that has to stay the same throughout the
length of the experiment. They are used to set up the blanks on the spectrophotometer (instrument used to measure the amount of light at a specific
wavelength) for each of the remaining eight tube solutions. Each time a tube is read by the spectrophotometer, the instrument needs to be set blank in
order to read the change between the control tubes (no growth) and the tubes with algae (unknown potential used growth). We have four different
groups with different pollutant amounts and fertilizer in order to measure the change respect to the percentage.
The control tubes were set up differently according to the table below. Negative Control tube BlankTube 1 BlankTube 2 BlankTube 3 Blank
Alga–Pro10 ml9 ml8 ml7 ml
Pollutant0 ml1 ml2 ml3 ml
Total Volume10 ml10 ml10 ml10 ml
% Pollutant0 %10 %20 %30 %
As we can see in the table above, the negative control tube blank has 100% of fertilizer and 0% of pollutant, tube 1 blank has 10% of pollutant, tube 2
blank has 20% of pollutant and tube 3 blank has 30% of pollutant, understanding that the percentage left is fertilizer.
The other eight test tubes

A Tracheal Tube
INTRODUCTION
Although passage of a tracheal tube over a fiberoptic bronchoscope has improved the ability to manage a difficult airway, however, this technique
doesn't ensure successful intubation,[1,2] especially after topical anesthesia of the tongue and pharynx with lidocaine spray, patients cannot tolerate
fiberoptic bronchoscopy with discomfort.[3]
The various audits of bronchoscopic practice have reported mortality rates of 0.01–0.5% and major complication rates of 0.08–5%, respectively.[4]
Most of deaths and major complications have been related to the sedative regimen used.[5вЂ‘7] This has led to an increased awareness of the need for
a satisfactory sedative regimen for fiberoptic usage.[8вЂ‘10]
The sedative drugs that were commonly used are opioids and benzodiazepine.[11,12] Magnesium (Mg) plays a fundamental role in many physiological
process, for example neuronal activity, muscular contraction, and control of vasomotor tone. Mg is known to possess muscle relaxing effects, mostly
by reducing, acetylcholine release, and it seems to have antinociceptive and anesthetics effects.[13вЂ‘15]
We hypothesized that the administration of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) could facilitate fiberoptic nasotracheal intubations. PATIENTS AND
METHODS
This study was carried out after obtaining approval from
Institutional Ethical Committee. A written informed consent was obtained from 130 patients, ages ranged between 22 and 66 years of both sex and
scheduled to undergo elective awake fiberoptic

You Tube Summary
What do I think is the main point of this video clip? The main point of this video is the magnitude of participating in estate planning. One important
aspect is making a will. The You Tube video I chose was from a law firm called, "Argon Law". The speaker emphasized the advantages and
disadvantages of making a will, so your wishes for the distribution of your assets at death/tragedy will be meet. "This includes Assets held by
companies, assets held in trusts, and proceeds of life insurance are a few of the processes you must think about. One important statement he made.
The law allows for your spouse, child or dependent to challenge your will after you die."(Gallagher, 2014). How might you change your process of
estate planning as a result

Nasogastric Tube Essay
After verifying the physician's order to discontinue a nasogastric tube, according to the Fundamentals of Nursing, next the nurse should auscultate the
abdomen to note baseline bowel sounds (Hall, Perry, Potter, Stockert, 2013). This assessment serves as a means of reference. Once the nurse performs
patient identification, he or she should explain to the patient that discontinuation of the nasogastric tube is less discomforting than the insertion process
(Hall, Perry, Potter, Stockert, 2013). As explained by The Fundamentals of Nursing, providing patient education will help decrease anxiety as well as
aiding in cooperation from the patient (Hall, Perry, Potter, Stockert 2013). The current policy does not discuss removing the tube from the drainage
collection device or turning off suction prior to discontinuation. As soon as the nurse places a chux or towel on the chest of the patient, next he or she
should power the suction off, (if suction was indicated) and disconnect the nasogastric tube from the drainage collection device (Hall, Perry, Potter,
Stockert, 2013). Upon completion of discontinuing the nasogastric tube, the nurse must discard gloves and ensure adequate hand hygiene (Hall, Perry,
Potter, Stockert, 2013). These steps discussed should be added for best practice, as they are not currently within Adena's policy.... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
By implementing these recommendations the policy will be up to date. The safety, quality, and outcomes of patient care will improve.
Recommendations for evidence based practice

Intragastric Tube Feedings
Low birth weight and preterm infants are more at risk for gastro–oesophageal reflux disease. These infants don't always have all of their organs and
systems in their boy fully developed. So since their bodies aren't fully ready to function on their own, it makes things a little more complicated. One
system that isn't fully developed is their GI system. Their antireflux mechanism not being completely ready makes them more at risk for regurgitation.
Most preterm and low birth weight infants are put on tube feedings because their suck reflex isn't fully developed. The types of feedings that they can
receive are intermittent bolus or a continuous feeding. These two different types of feedings can cause good or bad things to happen with the antireflux
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both treatment groups must have com– pared the same amount of enteral feeding (mL/kg/d) prescribed over a 24–hour period. The research followed
the ethic of protection from harm. The infants in this study are protected from harm. They are still getting feedings whether continuous or bolus. The
infants get the same amount of food whether it is delivered through intermittent bolus or continuous feedings. They are getting the food either over time
or getting a certain amount at different times in the day. They are getting research to help to prevent GORD, which prevents future babies from harm.
The infants also have confidentiality. No names of the infants are mentioned. The research in this article links any infant to any name. With no names
being mentioned, the infants are able to have the ethic of confidentiality that lets them feel safe in that they won't have to worry about later on in their
life their name being in research. This research has two very important ethics in it, which helps the participant, or in this case the parents, feel more
comfortable being involved in the

A Research Study On Using Ng Tube Feeding
When a patient no longer has the desire to or appears unable to feed themselves orally, a request for a feeding tube ensues completion by the nurse.
Specifically, when a patient has prolonged bleeding, facial trauma, upper GI blockage and cancer. An enteral tube feeding nasally situated has
capabilities for only a short period of time. The NG tube catheter tip normally resides inside the stomach or in the small intestine past the pylorus. The
number one complication involved with the use of NG tube feeding persists as incorrect placement. A nurse can unintentionally place an NG catheter
into the lungs, most notably when a patient has little to no gag reflex. Completing a test for gastric contents, pH or performing a chest x–ray after
inserting an NG tube for confirmation of proper insertion. Another major complication when using NG tube feeding is aspiration within the lungs due
to gastric substances enter the trachea and into the bronchial spaces of the lungs. Keeping the head of the bed elevated greater than 30 degrees will
reduce aspiration to least possibility. Applying a gastrostomy or jejunostomy tube for enteral feedings when NG tube has interfered with therapy or
ensues intolerance. The gastrostomy tube, PEG, tip situated in the stomach and exits the body through the left upper quadrant of the abdomen where a
bumper holds it into location. Internally positioned by a doctor during an endoscopy, radiology or surgery. Placement of a jejunostomy tube

The Uses Of Tube Feeding
The use of tube feeding is done when a patient is no longer or unable to feed themselves orally. When tube feeding is required for just a short period
of time an enteral tube feeding can be placed nasally. Incidences that require NG tube feeding would be prolonged bleeding, facial trauma, upper GI
blockage and cancer. The NG tube catheter tip normally resides inside the stomach or in the small intestine past the pylorus. The number one
complication involved with the use of NG tubal feeding is incorrect placement. A nurse can "inadvertently" place an NG catheter into the lungs, most
notably when a patient has little to no gag reflex. As a result testing for gastric contents, pH or performing a chest x–ray are required once an NG tube
has been inserted. Another major complication when using NG tubal feeding is aspiration within the lungs due to gastric "contents" enter the trachea
and into the bronchial spaces of the lungs. Keeping the head of the bed elevated greater than 30 degrees will reduce aspiration at "minimum". The
use of a gastrostomy or jejunostomy tube can used for enteral feedings when an NG tube cannot be tolerated of interferes with therapy. The
gastrostomy tube, PEG, tip is placed in the stomach and exits the body through the left upper quadrant of the abdomen where a bumper holds it into
location. This can only be placed internally by a doctor during an endoscopy, radiology or surgery. A jejunostomy tube can be placed while in surgery,
radiology

Eustachian Tube Dysfunction
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction The eustachian tube connects the middle ear to the back of the nose. It regulates air pressure in the middle ear by
allowing air to move between the ear and nose. It also helps to drain fluid from the middle ear space. When the eustachian tube does not function
properly, air pressure, fluid, or both can build up in the middle ear. This is often caused by a blockage in the tube. Eustachian tube dysfunction can
affect one or both ears. CAUSES Eustachian tube dysfunction happens when the tube becomes blocked or cannot open normally. This may result from:
Ear infections. Colds and other upper respiratory infections. Allergies. Irritation, such as cigarette smoke or acid from the stomach coming up... Show
TREATMENT Treatment depends on the cause and severity of your condition. If your symptoms are mild, you may be able to relieve your
symptoms by chewing gum or "popping" your ears. If you have symptoms of fluid in your ears, treatment may include: Decongestants.
Antihistamines. Antibiotic medicine. Nasal sprays or ear drops that contain medicines that reduce swelling (steroids). In some cases, you may need
to have a procedure to drain the fluid in your eardrum (myringotomy). In this procedure, a small tube is placed in the eardrum to: Drain the fluid.
Restore the air in the middle ear space. HOME CARE INSTRUCTIONS If you were prescribed antibiotic medicine, take it as told by your health
care provider. Do not stop taking the antibiotic even if your condition improves. If you were prescribed antibiotic ear drops, use them as told by your
health care provider. Do not stop using the drops even if your condition improves.Take over–the–counter and prescription medicines only as told by
your health care provider. Use techniques to help move air into your ear ("pop" your ear) as recommended by your health care provider. These may
include: в—‹ Chewing

Succinate Dehydonate Lab Report
Hypothesis: We hypothesize that reagent Malonate will inhibit Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH) activity. Background: Malonate, also known as
propanedioate, is a classic example of a competitive inhibitor. Malonate has a molecular structure that is similar to succinate, so it has the ability to bind
to the active site of succinate dehydrogenase and inhibit enzyme activity. However, malonate is sufficiently different from succinate that it cannot be
dehydrogenated. [1] Malonate working as an inhibitor to succinate oxidation is a popular occurrence. Succinate is oxidized to fumarate during the Kreb
cycle and the reagent's (malonate) inhibitory effect slows or halts that important step from taking place.[2] A competitive inhibitor had a similar
molecular... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"MALONATE INHIBITION OF OXIDATIONS IN THE KREBS TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE." Jurimetrics Journal 10.2 (1969): 73
–77.The
Journal Of Biological Chemistry. AFFINITY SITES, 1949. Web. 8 Oct. 2014. <http://www.jbc.org/content/178/1/241.full.pdf>. [3]
"Biomolecules:Enzymes." Competitive Inhibition. Chempages Netorials, n.d. Web. 06 Oct. 2014.<http://www.chem.wisc.edu/deptfiles/genchem
/netorial/modules/biomolecules/modules/enzymes/enzyme5.htm>. [4]"Inhibitors." Chemistry Explained. Foundations and Applications, n.d.Web. 10
Oct. 2014. <http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Hy–Kr/Inhibitors.html>. [5]Fernandez–Gomez, Francisco J., Maria F. Galindo, Maria
GГіmez–LГЎzaro, Victor J. Yuste, Joan X. Comella, Norberto Aguirre, and JoaquГ
n JordГЎn. "Abstract." National Center for Biotechnology
Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 17 Jan. 2005. Web. 08 Oct. 2014. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1576031/#bib3>.
[6]Fernandez–Gomez, Francisco J., Maria F. Galindo, Maria GГіmez–LГЎzaro, Victor J. Yuste, Joan X. Comella, Norberto Aguirre, and JoaquГ
n
JordГЎn. "Abstract." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 17 Jan. 2005. Web. 08 Oct. 2014.

An Ethical Dilemma Of Tube Feeding
An Ethical Dilemma of Tube Feeding There are times that self–determination has opposition with the values and beliefs of health care providers. The
five step ethical decision making model is in place for patients that are unable to make their own health care decisions due to incompetency; paternalism
is not the method used anymore. "In relation to health care, paternalism manifests itself in the making of decisions on behalf of patients without their
full consent or knowledge. (Burkhardt & Nathaniel, 2008). Value systems, which includes a patients and family morals, play a factor in ethical decision
making. Background Ann is seventy–seven–year–old that was diagnosed with moderately advanced Alzheimer's disease two years ago. She has
periods of confusion, frustration, anger and obsessive thinking. When Ann began to realize her health was deteriorating, she and her husband Frank
discussed their wishes should anything happen to them. Ann stated she would not want to be hooked to a breathing machine if she had no chance of
survival and no papers were ever signed regarding this. Frank sincerely loved Ann, they were married for sixty years. As Ann's Alzheimer's
progressed, Frank started to take care of Ann by cooking for her and cleaning all while watching her health decline. Eventually, for Ann's safety she was
admitted to a long term care facility. After three weeks in the nursing facility Ann developed pneumonia and was transported to the local hospital and
started on

Nasogastric Tube Essay
For how long medicine has been around, one would well assume that health care professionals have reached expertise by now on common practices.
An example of such common practice would be insertion of a nasogastric tube and unfortunatly expertise of this procedure is not the case. The use of
nasogastric tubes can be dated back to the seventh centry and since then an accumulating body of evidence based research has suggested new methods
in regards to how to confirm the placement of the feeding tube. (Esther, Tan, & Ang, 2017, p. 189). Nasogastric tube insertion is a common procedure
for registered nurses at the patients bedside. The tube "is inserted through one of the nostrils, down the nasopharynx, and into the alimentary tract"
(Berman & Snyder, 2016, para. 3). The stomach is the aim for nasogastric tube insertion, however, the tube can be misplaced. Misplaced tubes can
cause severe complications and even death. The current "gold standard" for feeding tube placement confirmation requires the use of a x–ray over the
abdomen. Even though performing... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First and foremost, gastric contents from aspiration cannot always be obtained. However, when contents are obtained, a pH test can be performed.
When testing, a pH of 5.0–5.5 or lower was used to confirm gastric placement and a pH above 5.0–5.5 assumed placement in the pulmonary system.
This method may not always be accurate for multiple reasons. Patients recieving acid suppression medications will have a higher gastric pH than
normal. Also respiratory contents may be acidic with a lower pH in patients with a tear in the esophagus, acid reflux, or lung infection. Aspiration of
gastric contents can also be used for assessing the appearance of the secretions. Since gastric and pulmonary secretions can be similar in color it is often
hard to accurately determine the placement. (Irving, Lyman, Northington, Bartlett, & Kemper,

Descriptive Essay
Your stomach is feeling bubbly. Following those in charge on an interminable pathway. The waves are wild horses, rearing up before crashing down
onto the river, pounding the rocks with their stainless–steel hooves. After finally reaching to the peak of the starting point, the doughnut–like tube
emerges itself in the arctic water.
The sunshine that was so powerful just seconds ago is faint. Your legs thrashing against the freezing water that steals warmth from every part of your
skin. Sitting in a circular hole waiting for the adventure to begin. Holding both handles and launching face first at a tremendous speed through
whipping wind and breath–taking acceleration. Steering with your feet to prevent coming to a complete halt.
Underneath the gloomy, dark, and murky water lies another world. The stream is a sleeping cobra. It lies across the land in smooth undulating curves,
peaceful in the morning light, poise and innocuous, yet it hides many dangers. Its rapid undertow being the slightest of your concern. Your shoes are
gently pushed against the rocks from beneath, that are enveloped in slimy emerald algae. While the tube oscillates with the rhythm of the water, you
encounter many ponderosa pine trees. The alluring sight of the 235 feet pine trees is mesmerizing to see. The scent of butterscotch and vanilla
overtaking your nose as the sap is being warmed by the sun. Watching the pine trees sway above in the howling wind, you lay hoping that a needle
wouldn't drop into

Tube 1 And 2 Lab Report
Tube 1 and 2 contain functioning enzyme extract and substrate solution, ribose–5–phosphate. Furthermore, the conditions in tube 1 and 2 allow the
reaction to proceed to form ribulose–5–phosphate and the mount of product formed can be measured. With tube 1 and 2 being identical, averaging the
absorbance allowed minimizing the error due to differences in enzyme concentration and contaminants within experimental procedure. Tube 3 is used
to boil the enzyme extract to investigate the relationship of temperature on the rate of pentose–5–phosphate isomerase activity. Tube 4 and 5 act as
controls for the absorbance and the effect of substrate and enzyme on the absorbance reading are investigate respectively. Tube 6 acts as a comparison
for the known amount of product whereby the absorbance of other tubes can be compared to tube 6 in order to calculate amount of
ribulose–5–phosphate present. Lastly, tube 7 acts a black for all the other tubes (1–6) because it only contains tris buffer. The effect of... Show more
Secondly, the sum of tube 4 (no enzyme) and tube 5 (no ribose–5–phosphate) were used to adjusted the absorbance of tube 1 and 2 after using tube 7.
As tube 4 only takes ribose–5–phospahte and tube 5 only contains the enzyme extract, by taking the difference of the sum of these two values from
the absorbance of one the full tubes (tube 1 or 2) it allows to account for the absorbance caused by ribose–5–phosphate and the enzyme extract. And
the adjusted absorbance will indicate only the absorbance of the red complex formed by reaction between resorcinol–hydrochloric acid and
ribulose–5–phosphate. Lastly tube 3 (boiled enzyme) is not used as denatured enzyme has a different absorbance compared to active enzymes, thus
tube 3 cannot be used to adjust the absorbance values (Kabacoff and Laken,

Is It Shutting Down?
From a distance a noise erupted and Phillip's first instinct was to hide ducking behind the nearest of the tubes like the one he had just come out of.
From his cover, he then peered around like a scarred rabbit looking for whatever caused the noise, but it didn't take long to spot what had caused the
ruckus. It was some type of small transport or personal–sized vehicle which was similar to ones he saw in old photographs that were commonly used
years ago to play a game called golf. Soon, there was another one, each containing only one occupant, men in a grey uniforms, black boots, and who
had donned hats with an insignia on it. "Error, error... Capsulate, Sigma, Zeta, Upsilon, Omicron, 58324 has reached critical safety threshold. Memorex
is now shutting down. Inhabitant will be released from Memorex sleep hold momentarily... "Oh my God... will you go turn that damn thing off!" The
larger of the two individuals said to the smaller one. "Yeah, I got it," the little one replied in response. As the petiteman headed off down the corridor
which spit the ocean of tubes, Phillip watched him as he disappeared from view. With the littleguy out of view, he then focused his attention on the
larger, older looking male who remained in the area. This guy was now busy writing something down on a piece of white paper attached to metal
clipboard. He then pulled a small handheld device that was periodically chirping from a holster located on his right hip and scanned the paper until it
beeped.

Summary Of Succinate Dehydrogenase Activity Of Mitochondria
Succinate Dehydrogenase Activity of Mitochondria
Student Name: Lolwa Alfouzan
SMU Id Number: A00423662
Date:16, November 2017
Lab time: 2:30–5:29
Biol2321(cell biology)
Lab Section:(01)
Lab (7) Full lab report
INTRODUCTION:
Mitochondrion produces the energy that cell needs by breaking down sugars, fatty acids and amino acids to CO2 and H2O. In this process, which is
called cellular respiration, the chemical energy in sugar, fatty acid and amino acid molecules is captured as ATP. Krebs cycle is a part of the cellular
respiration that consists of series of reactions. And succinate dehydrogenase is one of the enzymes that is used in this cycle. It basically catalyzes the
oxidation of succinate to fumarate. In this reaction, succinate reduces a FAD molecule, which eventually donates its electrons to coenzyme Q.
However, Azide prevents FADH2 from giving its electrons to coenzyme Q, rather than an artificial electron acceptor, DCIP takes the electrons.
DCIP is a dark blue solution that gets lighter as it gains electrons. As DCIP gets lighter, its absorbance will decrease. So, the rate of the reaction can
be relatively observed by looking at the absorbance values of DCIP since the reaction processes, DCIP gains electrons and gets lighter in color. By
spectrophotometry we took the absorbance values. Spectrophotometer is used in the process, which sends beams of light to the sample and measures
the intensity of the light that passes through the sample. This way we can

Social Learning With Chimpanzees And Other Animals
Learning by observation is a type of learning in which an individual observes the behavior of others, sees the consequences of the behaviors, and then
attempts to carry out the same behavior. Social learning is based on the standards of classical and operant conditioning and observational learning. It is
a commonly shared belief that people have an instinctive ability to imitate the behavior of others. However, this ability is not unique to humans.
Animals have also showed evidence of being able to mimic humans and other animals (Mazur, 2013). Chimpanzees, or Pan Troglodytes, have
demonstrated social learning through many different experiments in different settings. Chimpanzees have shown the ability to observe the behavior of
a model and reproduce the behavior. However, chimpanzees have also demonstrated the mental capacity of understanding when behaviors do not elicit
a desired reaction and not repeating these behaviors under these circumstances. This paper will focus on chimpanzees and their ability to learn new
behaviors through social learning. Marshall–Pescini and Whiten (2008) discuss social learning with chimpanzees in East Africa, focusing on the task of
nut–cracking. Nut–cracking is unique to wild chimpanzees who live in West Africa, so this study intended to measure whether or not chimpanzees who
do not live in the wild in West Africa would demonstrate the same ability to learn nut–cracking. The study took place on Ngamba Island in Lake
Victoria, Uganda at a

The Routine Use Of Endotracheal Tube
It has been established that inability to successfully manage very difficult airway was been responsible for as many as 30% of death totally attributable
to anesthesia. (1)
The routine use of endotracheal tube is to secure the airway and prevent the aspiration of gastric content in case of regurge or vomiting but there is a
case series demonstrated that the routine use of the endotracheal tube did not reduce maternal death due to aspiration(2)
Supraglottic airway devices have become a standard in airway management. These devices sit outside trachea but provide a hands free means of
achieving a gas tight airway(3). The i–gel is supraglottic airway devices. The soft non inflatable cuff fits snugly on to the perilaryngeal frame work,
mirroring the shape of the epiglottis, aeryepiglottic folds, piriform fossae, perithyroid, pericricoid, posterior cartilages and spaces. The seal created is
sufficient for both spontaneously breathing patients and for intermittent positive pressure ventilation. it provides a better seal for positive pressure
ventilation, separation of the respiratory from the alimentary tract.(4) The drain tube prevents gastric insufflations, allows easy placement of gastric
tube it has been shown that the i–gel airway is better alternative device compared to PLMA for ease of insertion and maintenance of anesthesia. (3,4)
The i–gel works in harmony with the patient's anatomy so that compression and displacement trauma are significantly reduced or

Class Observation Report
Observation: Last week, a ball dispenser was out for the children to play with. It was on the top of the shelf and "Child A" was trying to reach for it.
"Do you want the ball dispenser 'Child A'?", I said. I took it from the shelf and put it on the floor; "Child A" sat down. I pressed the switch and the ball
came out from the ball dispenser. He smiled and I said, "Oh! There it is!" as the ball rolled on the floor. He stood up walked towards the ball and picked
it up. He walked back and put the ball into the ball dispenser. He stared at it for two seconds and he looked at me and said "ooh" as he raised his hands
on his side. I said, "Where is it, 'Child A'? Where did the ball go?". I held his hand and guide it towards the switch, and pressed it. He laughed and I
clapped my hands when the ball came out from the dispenser, "Yaay! You found it, 'Child A", I said. He imitated me and clapped his hands as
well. He put the ball in again and stared at it; I kept on looking at him to see if he would press it. He kept on looking at me and on the candy
dispenser while saying, "Ooh ohhh". "Where is it, 'Child A'? What do we have to do?", I said. He was still looking at me and on the ball dispenser. I
assisted his hands on the switch again and after three tries he did it by himself. Earlier today, children were playing with the ball dispenser as well.
They were dancing whenever they hear the music it plays whenever the switch was pressed. Dialogue & Reflection: It seems that children

Water Tube 4
Seven tubes were taken and labeled as numbers 1 through 7, and then 9 ml of water was added to each tube. Six nutrient agar plates were taken
and labeled as 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B. After that, 1 ml from bacterial suspension (E.coli culture) was aseptically transferred to water blank Tube
1 and mixed. Using fresh pipette, 1 ml of solution was transferred from Tube 1 to Tube 2. The same steps were repeated, 1 ml was transferred from
one tube to the next tube.
After that, 0.1 ml of solution in Tube 4 was poured into plate 1A, the solution was spread over the surface evenly. These steps were repeated using 1ml
from Tube 5 – plate 1B, 0.1 ml from Tube 5– plate 2A, 1 ml from tube 6 – plate 2B, 0.1ml from tube 6 – plate 3A, from tube 7 – plate 3B. ... Show more
Other methods count both viable and dead cells, while serial dilution counts living cells.
2. Dilution is related to concentrations of substances. A dilution factor is the reciprocal of the dilution, which is necessary to calculate amount ofbacteria
in original solution from the diluted sample.
3. Advantages of the serial dilution–agar plate techniques are that it allows counting only living cells, and it allows isolation of discrete colonies that
can be further processed to get pure culture to study.
Disadvantages of serial dilution:
Inability to give immediate results, it requires incubation period.
It requires more equipment and more complex procedure that might introduce

Chemical Equilibrium Lab Report
Chemical Equilibrium Lab Report
Aim: The aim of the lab "Chemical Equilibrium" is to observe the effects of changes in concentrations of products and reactants on the position of the
equilibrium of given chemical reactions.
Background Information: We are going to use our knowledge of the Le Chatelier's principle in order to observe this experiment. The principle states
that the equilibrium will shift in the direction that will minimize the effects of the change.
This lab consists of two parts.
[Part 1]
Procedure:
The solutions that we used were: * 5 ml of 0.1 mol dm–3 of FeCl3 * 5 ml of 0.1 mol dm–3 of KSCN
1. We mixed these two solutions in a 100ml beaker. 2. We added distilled water into the solution... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
6. We added 1.0 mol dm–3 of NaOH into tube #7 until a change in color is observed. 7. We added 1.0 mol dm–3 of NaOH into tube #8 and than added
1.0 mold dm–3 of mold dm–3 HCl until a change in color is observed.
Qualitative Data
Tube Number| #5| #6| #7| #8| Initial Color| Yellow| Yellow| Orange| Orange| Substance(s) added| 1.0moldm–3 HCl| 1.0moldm–3 HCl and 1.0moldm–3
NaOH| 1.0moldm–3 NaOH| 1.0moldm–3 NaOH and 1.0moldm–3 HCl| First Color Change| Orange| Orange| Yellow| Yellow| Second Color Change|
Orange| Yellow| Yellow| Orange|
Conclusion:

To conclude, the data we have collected from both experiments suggests that Le Chatelier's principles are applicable and correct. When different
substances were added to different solutions, the equilibrium shifted appropriately in order to gain a balance. The shifting of equilibrium resulted in
different color changes in different mixtures. In part 2 of the experiment we the aforementioned changes were more easily spotted. We saw the
relationship between forward and reverse reactions. When NaOH was added to tube #8 we saw that the color changed from orange into yellow, in
order to gain balance but when we added HCl back, the color again changed to orange. Which clearly proved Le Chatelier's

Ankistodemus: Fresh Water Pollution
The introducing to any type of pollution, man–made or artificial, can have an outstanding effect to a natural environment. When the word of pollution
is thought of, it's never a positive thought and can do harm to where humans and many different organism lives. There are many different freshwater
pollution and each one of having it one effect. One of the organism that live is fresh water is Ankistodemus, a green alga that grows in fresh water
pond and lakes. When Sodium chloride (salt) is added to the alga environment what type of effect will it have on its growth? The importance of this
experiment to make aware of how pollution have a stern effect on the living things around the Earth. Being alert of this will expression how putting
more care on the environment will extend the life span of the Earth. The goal of adding Sodium chloride, the pollutant, to water, that Ankistodemus live
in, is for illustration how Sodium chloride will inhibit the growth of Ankistrodesmus algae.
One of the pollution type is Salinization. The effect the "salt build–up in soils which kills crops or reduces yields". GreenFacts: Facts on Health and the
Environment reported that the primary source is alkaline soils because of over irrigation. As the Salt expanse ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The machine must be set in the correct wavelength of light to read, the spectrophotometer measured the wavelength in nanometers (nm). The
spectrophotometer will always be able to measure the amount of light the algae absorb, but what is needed is what wavelength that the pure
Ankistrodesmus absorb light the most strongly. Before starting to testing to see the wavelength that's best suited for the pure Ankistrodesmus use a
blank with the blank provided after each wavelength measured. Once the perfect wavelength is found started the Day 0 measurements, then Day 14,
and Day 21. After each measure store tubes in rack under a heat source with tops on the tube

My First Time I Went Tubing With My Best Friend Gracye
Overcoming A Fear
I am writing about the time I first went tubing with my best friend Gracye. It happened when I was 13 years old. I was invited for the second time
to my best friend's lake house and she forced me to go on her Parent's speed boat. Before all this took place, on the way to her lake house we
watched the "Teen Beach 2" movie and there was a saying in that movie it was "Gonna march to the beat; gonna do my thing"this was significant
quote because i chanted it while I was tubing when I got scared. When we got to the lake house Gracye and I unloaded our things along with the stuff
for her Mom's party. We sat on her bed eating Cheez–its and Pub Mix while drinking raspberry iced tea, waiting for her Dad to take us on the lake.
While ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When I was whipped off the tube, I had skidded across the water like a skipping rock. When I was pulled back onto the boat I was cold from being
submerged into the lake by the "whip." The sun dried the droplets up in no time and I felt more confident in going back out after telling Mr. Laursen,
Gracye's Dad, to go a whole heck of a lot slower and "DO NOT WHIP THE TUBES," at least while I was on

A Rainbow Comes After The Storm Short Story
A Rainbow Comes After the Storm
Newaygo, Michigan, a small, little, suburban town north of Grand Rapids, Michigan. Their tubing and rafting was a hotspot for families to spend
quality time together. I was part of one of them. I was filled with excitement. While we were waiting in line, we were cracking jokes and having a
good time. "Group number 43, head your way to the pink bus!" the announcer called. My family of 7 got onto the bus. It was my uncle, my aunt, my
6–year–old cousin, Avi, My 11–year–old cousin, Preet, my parents and me. We were on the bus, in this strange tiny town. We drove down the dirt
road, down to the forest. I found this quite sketchy, but the only thing that was in my head was jumping into the cold, crisp, and clear water as I
imagined. Then, the bus began to shake as the bus driver announced through the radio, "Don't be frightened, we are almost there! Just a few more of
these sharp turns and you'll be on your tubes down the refreshing water. Just remember to get off at the bridge, or you'll be in deep trouble."
The bridge, the bridge, the bridge. I kept on repeating that in my head so I would not forget. Suddenly, everyone started clapping. It was finally time
to get off. Preet and I rushed to get the tubes for everyone in our family, and some twine to attach it. We were filled with excitement. Time flew by,
and we were finally on the dock. We got our tubes tied up, and went into the water. The sun was shining through the dancing, tall, trees and everyone
was smiling. Groups started to pass us by, to the point we were isolated. We couldn't see anyone else in the vast river. There was no possible way to
get of neither. The land was all slanted, so you would have to climb, along with that it was all private property. I was slightly worried about this.
"Mommy, is that a sea monster?" My cousin, Avi questioned. Then all of a sudden there was a BOOM! A tree log stuck us. This tree log was
gigantic; it looked like it weighed a million pounds. It was so big that we couldn't get around it. We couldn't use it to hold onto as it was all mushy
and wet. I thought to myself, should I go under the log, but it's way too low, I would drown. We are going to be stuck here forever. We have nothing

Tube Feeding Prolonging Life
Abstract
This paper is written to discuss the ethical dilemma we come across when asking our self whether or not we should place a tube feeding in a patient
with a history Alzheimer's or Dementia. Will this prolong the patients' life or just the inevitable death? Most often a decision needs to be made
regarding the placement of a tube feeding. The question is not initiated by the patient themselves. This is the reason why educating our patients are so
important. In this paper I will discuss how important the role of the healthcare professional plays in advocating for a patient. To help answer this
ethical dilemma several issues will be explored. I will focus on the seven principles of ethics, education, utilitarianism, top–down ... Show more content
Doctors often encourage the idea of a PEG or other available routes of feeding tubes. This is suggested when the patient has failed there swallow
evaluation or has a history of aspiration pneumonia. According to Vital et.al. (2006) these reasons are not evidence based and may reveal
discrepancies among healthcare professionals and their knowledge of advanced Dementia disease. Vital et. Al. (2006) also suggests that physicians
may need improved education with regards to end stage dementia because they apparently lack understanding about the risks and benefits of artificial
feeding. Taking this all into debate, development of knowledge is crucial aspect in maintaining and providing good care in an end of life process.
Principles of Ethics
If a patient has comorbidity such as Alzheimer's disease, it is important that a healthcare proxy is designated. A healthcare proxy should be appointed
when the patient is still has decision making capabilities. This is performed to help make medical decisions for the patient when they are unable to do
so themselves.
Autonomy refers to an individual's right to self– rule or governs one's self (Beauchamp Childress, 2009). Autonomy is refer to the individual right to
make his or her own decision regarding their health care needs. This is respected in the health care setting.
Without a living will or healthcare proxy

Separation of a Carboxylic Acid, a Phenol, and a Neutral...
Objective: The objective of this experiment is to use acid–base extraction techniques to separate a mixture of organic compounds based on acidity and
/or basicity. After the three compounds are separated we will recover them into their salt forms and then purify them by recrystallization and identify
them by their melting points.
Procedure:
Extraction of Carboxylic Acid
A pre–weighed (0.315g) mixture of Carboxylic acid, a phenol, and neutral substance was placed into a reaction tube (tube 1). tert–Butyl methyl ether
(2ml) was added to the tube and the solid mixture was dissolved. Next, 1 ml of saturated NaHCO3 solution was added to the tube and the contents
were mixed separating the contents into three layers. Once this was completed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Next, add concentrated HCl drop wise until the litmus paper indicates that it is acidic. During this procedure, I added to much HCl because many
CO2 gas bubbles evolved. This error in the experiment will cause the recovery % to be lower.
Recovery of Phenol by Acidification
To tube 3 a piece of litmus paper was placed into the tube. Then as is tube 2 concentrated HCl was added drop wise until the litmus paper indicated
that it is acidic. No CO2 gas will evolve.
Purification of neutral substance
Tube 4 now should only have crude solid in the tube and it is then weighed. The tube is placed into a 50в„ѓ water bath and then approximately 0.5 –1
ml of methanol is added, as well as H2O until the solution gets cloudy, once the solution is dissolved it is cooled to room temperature and then iced.
The crystals are then collected using a Hirsh funnel. Next a small amount (~ 0.1g) of the crystals are placed into a melting point tube and placed into
the melting point machine to record the unknown neutral substances melting point.
Purification of Carboxylic Acid and Phenol
To tube 2 and tube 3 a boiling chip is added. The two tubes are boiled to remove any residual ether. Next,the tubes are cooled to room temperature and
placed into an ice bath to allow for crystallization. The solution is then removed from the solid in each tube and discarded. To tube 2 and 3 ~0.5 ml of
H2O is added for recrystallization, the tubes

Tube Thoracostomy Study
With the increasing frequency of traumatic chest injuries a large number of patients are dealt with by doctors in emergency department. Tube
thoracostomy is an essential life saving measure for the management of pneumothorax, hemothorax and hemopneumothorax developed as a
consequence of chest trauma.1 In chest trauma, the primary aim is to maintain ventilation of lungs for proper oxygenation of body tissues and this
cannot be achieved without chest decompression to decreaseintra–pleural pressure and allow lungs to expand fully. Various therapeutic options have
been reported in literature for management of chest injuries like clinical observation, thoracocentesis, tube thoracostomy and open thoracotomy.2–4
Among these chest tube decompression... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Patients were then kept under observation for at least 24 hours to rule out postextubation pneumothorax. A predesigned proforma was used for all data
entry.
Outcomes of interest included duration of hospital stay (in days) and chest tube related complications.
Complications were defined as insertional (for example, lung or other organ laceration or perforation, hemorrhage), positional (for example, improper
positioning either within chest cavity leading to tube failure or outside the chest cavity i.e. extrapleural location of chest tube holes causing
subcutaneous emphysema and post–extubation pneumothorax), infectious (for example, wound infection or empyema thoracis) or other complications
(for example, tube blockage by blood clot or accidental dislodgement).
The software program SPSS for Windows (Version
11, 2002, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was utilized for all statistical analyses. Mean В± SD (standard deviation) was used to compute
quantitativevariables, whereas qualitative variables were expressed as percentages and frequencies. The
Fischer's exact test was employed to assess differences in proportions and associations among categorical data. A p–value of less than 0.05 was
considered statistically

Advantages Of Tube House
Nowadays, residential area is more and more reduced because of great population. To solve the problems of residency, tube houses are constructed.
However, tube house is lack of sunlight due to close construction therefore they are always darker than other kinds of houses such as garden house,
penthouse... To help people face to the dark easier, this article will give all of you some useful tips:
1. Paint color is a weapon
To be friends with color of paint and you will find how beautiful your house is. You can paint the whole house with one bright color and your house
will be much brighter and larger than its area in fact. If you are in front of creation you are able to manage different colors for different walls. Which
color is chosen based on what the owner wants his house to be, however, it's no doubt that your ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Wide land without wisdom design never exploits all the beauty and advantages of its. Many people design their house with thoughts of nature, of love,
of ancient inspiration... Many of them are successful in making their own property attractive and large. However, there are also many of them making
the house unexpected. People must understand that the main element making the building strange, different, bright & large is design and they must
make sure that the drawing is suitable with land area in some ways. Constructing a bright house by designing means using grey matter to create spaces
with holes, with wall fences, with stairs... so that the corner of the house can be fulfill with sunbeams as much as possible.
One tip that all architects advise their customers is skylight. Let's leave a blank for skylight and where it should be put is up to the owner. Most
people choose the ceiling with a glass whereas some is favorite of starting the skylight from one side of the house like a window. Anyway, allow
sunbeam to flow into smoothly then feel how bright your house

Feeding Tubes Essay
In society today, we often have to make decisions. Some of these decisions may mean the life or death of a loved one. The decision of whether or not
to administer artificial nutrition and hydration as a form of life support is one decision that some people have to make. I feel that tube feedings, while
okay for short term use are fine, but they should not be used as a form of long term care because the risks outweigh the benefits of having a feeding tube
. A tube feeding is a medical procedure that people can accept or deny. Feeding tubes provide a chemically balanced mix of nutrients and fluid to those
who are unable to swallow, eat, or drink enough nutrition to maintain proper nutrition and hydration. " Doctors and nurses, rather ... Show more content
Another type of administration similar to bolus feeding is intermittent feeding. Unlike bolus, it is administered over at least a half–hour. A pump or
gravity can be used to control flow rate. A third type of administration is continuous feedings, which is administered over a ten to twenty four hour
period. This type is used most in institution settings with a pump. No one type of administration has proven better than any other type of
administration. No matter how it is administered when used on a long–term basis, the complications become very abundant. Adequate nutrition is often
not provided due to problems with diarrhea, tube clogging, and aspiration. Diarrhea strikes almost all patients with feeding tubes. It can occur for
several reasons. Most of the time it is because of the type of formula used for feeding. It would be impossible to get proper nutrients from the formula if
it is going straight through a person's system. The diarrhea itself can cause skin problems if not removed promptly. Promptness is very important when
monitoring feeding tubes. If a tube is clogged and it is not reached quickly, the patient is going without nutrients they need. A clogged tube basically
starves the person because no formula is permitted to flow through the tube. Aspiration is another complication that is common among patients with
feeding tubes. Aspiration is when food enters the lungs causing the person to choke. The reported

Potatis And Its Effect On The Rate Of Osmosis
When osmosis, a specialized process of water moving across a semi–permeable membrane from a higher concentration to a lower concentration,
occurs, scientists can understand the events that occur when solute is mixed with water (Readel 2000).
Many factors account for the varying ways that osmosis can change during the process. One factor is temperature, in that the higher the temperature,
the quicker rate the rate of osmosis whereas, the lower the temperature, the slower the rate of osmosis. Osmosis occurs quickly in high temperatures
because the membrane becomes more permeable (as in can pass through more easily) and molecules move faster as heat increases. On the other hand,
Osmosis occurs slowly when it is cold because the membrane becomes less permeable and the molecules move slower as heat decreases (Traxler
1927). Osmosis is different than diffusion in that while a diffusion can occur in a variety of mixtures, osmosis can only occur when there is a
semi–permeable membrane. Particles are more limited during osmosis because only water molecules can move, whereas any particle can move more
freely during diffusion (Anne Marie 2017).
With gained knowledge from this experiment, our group performed another experiment and tested how certain amounts of solute concentration
impacted the rate of osmosis. We hypothesized that high solute concentrations affected the rate of osmosis. Tubes with high solute concentrations were
bound to show higher rates of osmosis than tubes with

The Sliced-Crosswise Only Tuesday World Summary
A.Eternium Cylinders, or "stoners" as the characters in "The Sliced–Crosswise Only–on–Tuesday World" call them, are essentially pods in which
people will hibernate until their next day arrives. Eternium cylinders could be scientifically based on cryonics, in which a person's body will be frozen
and their bodily functions will pause until they are taken out of the chamber. This is significant in "The Sliced–Crosswise Only–on–Tuesday World" by
Philip Jose Farmer because the world has become overpopulated and the only way to reduce the stress is to have groups of people live only one day a
week. B."A glittering metallic framework, scarcely larger than a small clock, and very delicately made." This is an excerpt from H.G. Wells' The
Time Machine in which the time traveler is displaying a small replica of his time travel device to his friends. This small model has the same
capabilities as its full–size counterpart, as was demonstrated in the novel as the model launched into the future (or the past). This model is
scientifically based in the theory of time travel and how our perception of time could be altered. This model time machine is significant to the story
because the time traveler uses it in an attempt to convince his friends that he himself is going to be the first person to travel into the future. C.... Show
Soma is a means of mind control in Aldous Huxley's Brave New World. Soma is a drug given to the citizens of the World State to make them more
euphoric and to better accept their fate as citizens in this dystopian society. The scientific basis of soma is that it is an opiate that makes the user feel
happy; the user feels happy and is therefore easily manipulated. It could be argued that soma is basically alcohol; people take it to escape from reality
and to feel better about themselves. Soma is significant to the novel because the government uses soma to control the World State citizens and take
away their individuality, which makes them easier to

Nasogastric Tube Analysis
X–ray Verification for Nasogastric Tube Placement Nasogastric tubes are placed after a surgical procedure, ie. whipples, puestows, and gastrectomies,
to decompress the stomach or small bowel (Snaith & Flintham, 2014). These tubes are blindly inserted in the operating room normally by anesthesia
once the surgery is complete. By definition, a blindly inserted nasogastric tube is one inserted without the use of imaging guidance, including
fluoroscopy or ultrasound. The two most common complications of blindly guided tubes are insertion in the lungs and inaccurate placement in the
esophagus. On rare occasions, nasogastric tubes have been lodged in the brain or spinal cord. As a result, x–ray verification has been considered to be
the gold standard... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The manager will identify the target groups, in this situation it will be the surgeons, PACU nurses, and the anesthesia providers. An education plan will
be developed by the interdisciplinary team to educated the required staff. An example of an education plan would be an email updating the staff of the
practice change, along with a copy of the new policy. Also, the chest x–ray order would be added to the surgical order sets, thus making it easier for the
order to not be overlooked. It will, additionally, serve as a reminder to the residents who change services each month. It will be imperative to provide
in–services to the anesthesia team on nasogastric tube insertion, particularly for the students and residents. Per the medical center manual, the policy is
required to be current and it must be reviewed annually and revised, as needed. Once again, it would be the manager and educator to facilitate the
review and revision. This process is very detail–oriented and tedious, but it is important to take every precaution when patient safety is

Test Tube Contamination
Contamination of test tubes, due to inadequate cleaning before the experiment. Having test tubes being contaminated may be because of inadequate
cleaning before the experiment. By having contaminants on the test tube even before you start the practical, your experiment may already be
inaccurate as the contaminants may mix with the solutions that you drop. To improve this make sure to clean the test tubes thoroughly. To improve this
rinse/wash the test tubes 2–3 times if necessary. Contamination of the solutions, having contaminated solutions may be because pipettes have not been
labelled accordingly or some have been used for different solutions at once. So a pipette might have traces of solution and if it is used for to obtain
another solution, then it will most likely affect the results of the two solutions. To improve this... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To make sure that this can be limited is to make sure that you and your lab partner have the necessary understanding of the experiment and the
chemical reactions that are performed. This way if both have a great understanding then you will be less likely to create errors in your experiment.
Loose dust particle contaminants in the flame test, for the flame test practical, dust particles around the work area/environment may become attached
to the wire along with the sample solution already embedded onto the wire. When dipping the wire into the sample solution, try to run the wire as
quickly but as thoroughly as possible through the flame. This way there will be less chance of loose dust particle from clinging on to the wire. The
way the colour is created, observed and compared to research findings in the flame test. When running the wire through the flame, the flame colour
given off may be too quick to observe and only lasting for 1

Beauty : Beauty And Beauty
At one point in time or another, you have seen a person use lip balm. Look at any advertisement and you will see how we have fantasied about the
different ways we can look sexy, but at what cost? We always look for the fastest way to make ourselves look the best; however, we have turned a
simple concept, of making oneself feel beautiful into a war between artificial and natural beauty ads. Our society has drilled into our minds that
people who use artificial products to make themselves look as we define to be sexy, this has torn a ridge in our society in what we define as true
beauty; true beauty is natural beauty, what you naturally look like without any products. By using natural products, like Burt's Bee Lip Balm, one can
show off what it means to have true beauty, natural beauty. In our fast pace world people want to have what they want here and now, this does not
exclude beauty. People are always trying to find the cheapest and fastest way to get something done. It is myth that if something is done fast then it is
done right. No one ever thinks what is the cost of such a fast pace way of thinking. By not taking the time to do something right you can overlook
important details, like leaving the house without any pants on. Do people ever really think about what half of the things that are put in beauty
products? Anything beauty product dealing with lips, the gates of beauty, made out of some nasty things; some lipstick made out of batguano, which is
bat feces. Why would

The On Neural Tube Deficiency

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