Types of intelligence

1. Intelligence
What makes us intelligent
Or
Not so intelligent

2. • Key concepts
• What is intelligence?
• Theories of intelligence
• Practical and emotional intelligence
• Assessing intelligence
• Genetic and environmental determinants

3. • What is intelligence?

4. • Wit
• Quick To Grasp
• Problem Solving
• Abstract Thinking
• Reasoning
• Adapting To One’s Environment
• Creativity
• General Knowledge
• Competence In Subject Matter Knowledge,
• Achievement Motivation
• Goal Directedness
• Sensory Acuity

5. • Members of the Turkese tribe in the south
pacific often sail a hundred miles in open
ocean waters.
• Although their destinations may be just a small
dot of land less than a mile wide, the Turkese
are able to navigate precisely toward it
without the aid of a compass, chronometer,
sextant, or any of the other sailing tools that are
used by western navigators.
• They are able to sail accurately even when the
winds do not allow a direct approach to the
island and they must take a zigzag course.
• What Does This Point Out?

6. • Intelligent people are better able to use the
resources of their environment than less
intelligent people

7. Intelligence: Definitions and
Conceptions
• The ability to learn
from experience,
solve problems, and
use knowledge to
adapt to new
situations.
• Is socially
constructed thus…
Can be culturally
specific.
According to this
definition, are both
Einstein and Ruth
intelligent?

8. • A combination of abilities that enable a
person to learn from experience ,to think
abstractly and to adapt successfully to the
environment.
• It is a capacity to understand the world,
think rationally, and effective use of
resources when faced with challenges.
Intelligence

10. • Is intelligence a unitary attribute, or
there different kinds of intelligence?
We turn now to various theories of
intelligence that address the issue.

11. The two factor theory by C Spearman (1904)
emphasizes on the structure of intelligences
 Spearman’s two-factor theory says that
intelligence has two factors: a general
mental ability factor, g, which represents
what different cognitive tasks have in
common,
plus many specific factors, which include
specific mental abilities
(mathematical, mechanical, or verbal skills).
Theories of intelligence

14. • More recently theories exclaim intelligence
as multidimensional concept rather than a
unitary entity.
• Some psychologists suggest that there
are two different kinds of intelligences

15. 1. Fluid intelligence reflects reasoning,
memory, abstraction ,and information
processing capabilities.
2. Crystallized Intelligence is the
information, skills and strategies that
people have learned through experience
and that they can apply in problem
solving situation.

17. Multiple Intelligences
• Howard Gardner disagreed with
Spearman’s g and instead came
up with the concept of multiple
intelligences.
• He came up with the idea by
studying savants (a condition
where a person has limited
mental ability but is exceptional
in one area).
• He emphasizes on the
dimensions of intelligence.

18. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
• Visual/Spatial
• Verbal/Linguistic
• Logical/Mathematical
• Bodily/Kinesthetic
• Musical/Rhythmic
• Interpersonal
• Intrapersonal
• Natural
• Existentialist

29. • Is information processing intelligence?
• Newer contributions to understanding
intelligence
• Information processing approach
• This approach examines processes
involved in producing intelligent behavior
• Sheer speed of processing

30. Brain Size and Intelligence
Is there a link?
• Small +.15 correlation
between head size and
intelligence scores
(relative to body size).
• Using an MRI we found
+.44 correlation with
brain size and IQ
score.

31. Emotional Intelligence (EQ)
• First called social
intelligence.
• The ability to
perceive, express,
understand, and
regulate emotions.
• Some studies show
EQ to be a greater
predictor for future
success than IQ

32. • Practical Intelligence
• According to Sternberg practical
intelligence is related to overall
success in living
• Recognize your pattern of strengths
and weaknesses
• Strengthen those skills in which you
excel
• Believe in yourself.

33. • Actively seeking out and planning to
become a role model.
• Question assumptions and encourage
others to do so, too.
• Take sensible risks and encourage others
to do the same.
• Allow yourself and others to make
mistakes
Creative Intelligence

34. How do we Assess Intelligence?
• Alfred Binet and Theodore
Simon set out to figure out a
concept called a mental age
(what a person of a particular
age should know).
• They discovered that by
discovering someone’s mental
age they can predict future
performance.
• Hoped they could use test to
help children, not label them.

35. Modern Tests of Mental Abilities
• Wechsler Adult
Intelligence Scale
(WAIS) consists of
11 subtests and cues
us in to strengths by
using…..
Factor Analysis

36. Does Intelligence Change Over
Time?
• By age 3, a child’s
IQ can predict
adolescent IQ
scores.
• Depends on the
type of intelligence,
crystallized or
fluid.

40. Extremes of Intelligence

41. Group Differences in Intelligence
Test Scores
• The Bell curve is different for Whites
v. Black.
• Math scores are different across
genders and the highest scores are for
Asian males.
Why?
Nature or Nurture

42. Intelligence tests have proved to be of
great benefit in identifying students in
need of special attention
• in school,
• diagnosing cognitive difficulties, and
• helping people make optimal educational
• and vocational choices.
Measuring Intelligence

43. • A disability characterized by significant
limitations both in
intellectual functioning
in conceptual,
social, and
practical
adaptive skills
• occurs in 1%–3% of the population.
Mental Retardation
(Intellectual Disabilities)

44. • Mild retardation
IQ scores ranging from 55 to 69, constitute
some 90% of all people with mental
retardation
• Moderate retardation (IQs of 40 to 54),
Severe retardation (IQs of 25 to 39), and
profound retardation (IQs below 25)

45. • Accounting for 2%–4% of the population,
• the intellectually gifted have IQ
scores greater than 130.
• The intellectually gifted are most often
• outgoing,
• well-adjusted,
• healthy,
• popular people who are able to do
• most things better than the average person can
The Intellectually Gifted

46. • Lack of motivation
• Lack of impulse control
• Lack of perseverance
• Using the wrong abilities
• Inability to translate thought into
action
Why do intelligent people fail?

47. • Lack of balance between critical/analytic thinking
and creative/synthetic thinking
• Too little or too much self-confidence
• Procrastination
• Misattribution of blame
• Excessive self-pity
• Excessive dependency

48. • Thanx