This document summarizes a presentation on daylighting in buildings and its effects on human circadian rhythms and health. It discusses various daylighting design tools and technologies, including anidolic daylighting systems that can provide significant increases in daylight provision. Experimental findings show that daylight exposure in an office with anidolic systems can provide higher circadian efficacy than artificial light, due to daylight's spectral composition and dynamics. Optimizing light quality and exposure for circadian functions may require considering aspects of building science, physiology, and individual human factors. Further research is needed to better understand light's short and long-term impacts on human health and performance.

1. Light beyond Vision: Day and Night in Building Science and Chronobiology Light beyond Vision: Day and Night in Building Science and Chronobiology Prof. Jean-Louis Scartezzini, Dr. Mirjam Münch Solar Energy and Building Physics Laboratory Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne (Switzerland)

2. INTRODUCTION Daylighting in Office Buildings (Natural Luminary, Prismatic Panels) Jourda et Perraudin (Lyon/France) Bartenbach Lichtlabor (Dorbirn/Austria)

4. Daylighting Resources and Provision

5. Daylighting Design and Analysis Tools

6. Advanced Daylighting Technology

7. Entrainment by Light in Humans

8. Visual and Non-Visual Light Perception

9. Office Lighting Case Study

11. DAYLIGHTING RESOURCES AND PROVISION Impact on DL Systems Performance (Task Illuminance, Daylight Factor) Marin County Civic Center (F. L. Wright, 1969) ZEB Forum Chriesbach (B. Gysin, 2006)

12. CIE Overcast CIE Clear DAYLIGHTING DESIGN & ANALYSIS TOOLS Simulations of Sky Luminance Distributions (CIE Standard Skies) Isotropic

14. Scanning Sky Simulator

15. Movable Test Modules

16. Digital Sky Scanner

18. LESO-DIAL Fuzzy Logic Tool

19. DIAL-Europe Fuzzy Logic Tool

20. HDR Imaging Technique6

21. ADVANCED DAYLIGHTING TECHNOLOGY Complex Fenestration Systems (IEA SHC Task 21 & 41) Labelling & Optical Features Aerogels and Capillaries (Scattering and Diffusion) Lightshelves Reflective Lamellae (Specular Reflection) Laser Cut Panel Sun Directing Glass (Total Internal Reflection) Prismatic Panel and Film (Refraction) Holographic Optical Element (Diffraction) Anidolic Daylighting Systems (Non-Imaging Optics) Aerogel Lightshelf HOE Laser Cut Panel

22. ANIDOLIC DAYLIGHTING SYSTEMS (ADS) Non-Imaging Optics Principles (Edge-Rays Method)

23. 0.75 0.75 0.16 Reflection Factors ANIDOLIC DAYLIGHTING SYSTEMS (ADS) Comparison of Daylighting Performance (1:1 Scale Office Rooms) 0.57 0.30 0.11 Double Glazing – Dark Room Anidolic System Double Glazing – Light Room

24. ANIDOLIC DAYLIGHTING SYSTEMS (ADS) Monitoring of Daylighting Performance (Daylight Factor) 50 % ANNUAL INCREASE OF DAYLIGHTING PROVISION (300 Lux / Urban) DF 3%

25. ANIDOLIC DAYLIGHTING SYSTEMS (ADS) Anidolic Zenithal Collector LESO-PB/EPFL, Lausanne (Switzerland) Scartezzini and Courret, SEJ 73(2), 2002. LESO Sustainable Building (EPFL Campus)

26. ANIDOLIC DAYLIGHTING SYSTEMS (ADS) Anidolic Integrated Ceiling (Movable Test Modules) Architectural Design: Müller & Ganz, Geneva

27. ANIDOLIC DAYLIGHTING SYSTEMS (ADS) Monitoring of Daylighting Performance (Anidolic Integrated Ceiling) DF 9% DF 4%

28. Optimal Integration ANIDOLIC DAYLIGHTING SYSTEMS (ADS) Facade Integrated Anidolic System (Movable Test Modules) Architectural Design : I. Giaccari, Lausanne

29. ANIDOLIC DAYLIGHTING SYSTEMS (ADS) Anidolic Integrated Ceiling (Zero Energy Building, Singapore) Building Construction Authority, Singapore

30. ANIDOLIC DAYLIGHTING SYSTEMS (ADS) Anidolic Zenithal Opening Bartenbach L’chtLabor, Aldrans (Austria) Courret, Paule and Scartezzini, LRT 28(1), 1996. Changi Airport, Terminal 3 (Singapore)

31. ADVANCED DAYLIGHTING TECHNOLOGY Electrochromic Glazing (Visual Comfort, Circadian Impact) TVIS 55 % TVIS 30 % TVIS 15 % Page, Scartezzini, Kaempf, Morel, SEJ, 81(9), 2007. LESO Sustainable Building (EPFL Campus)

32. 250 lux 150 lux 100 lux INTEGRATED DAY- AND ELECTRIC LIGHTING Common Lighting Modes (incl. Daylighting Systems) Visual Comfort Stuidies (Glare Indexes) Two NIO Luminaries (96% eff., T5 28W FL) Luminance Mapping (High Dynamic Range)

35. Daylighting Resources and Provision

36. Daylighting Design and Analysis Tools

37. Advanced Daylighting Technology

38. Entrainment by Light in Humans

39. Visual and Non-Visual Light Perception

40. Office Lighting Case Study

42. Internal Biological Clock in Humans Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Approximately but not exact 24-h hours External 24-h Solar Light-Dark Cycle source:www.solardemocenter.com/main.html Most stable time cue (>4 billion years) SwissNex Lecture, San Francisco, February 16th, 2010

44. -dian (lat. dies) = dayDaily Synchronization of Rhythms by Light For example: melatonin secretion by the pineal gland during the night Slide Courtesy Centre for Chronobiology, Basel SwissNex Lecture, San Francisco,February 16th, 2010

46. sleep-wake states

47. hormonal regulation

48. pupillary light reflex

49. gene expressionSwissNex Lecture, San Francisco February 16th, 2010 Intrinsically Photosensitive Receptors in the Retinal Ganglion Cells (ipRGC) Light ipRGC Rods, cones adapted from:www.webvision.med. utah.edu

50. Melanopsin SwissNex Lecture, San Francisco February 16th, 2010 Non-Visual Effects are conveyed via the Photopigment Melanopsin Brainard et al. 2001 ->physiological, behavioral responses are wavelength-dependent -> the effects are blue-shifted: peak sensitivity around 460 nm -> photopigment is different from those of rods and cones

52. Time of day

53. Exposure Duration

54. Intensity

55. Prior light history

56. Light transmission

60. Vertical irradiances at the occupant’s eye level

61. Comparison with blue-enriched polychromatic lightingSwissNex Lecture, San Francisco February 16th, 2010

64. Reflection, contrast

65. Type of glazing

66. Time of day, season, weather

67. Climate, gegraphical latitude

68. Ergonomics, economics

69. Age, population

70. Type of work

71. Angle of glaze, glare

72. Chronotype?

73. Genetic predisposition?

74. Individual preferences?SwissNex Lecture, San Francisco, February 16th, 2010 Office Room Light Conditions

76. building science

77. architecture

78. lighting design

79. physiology

80. performance

81. mood

82. visual comfort

83. health & safety

84. social, communication

85. aesthetics

86. physiology

87. performance

88. mood

89. visual comfort

90. health & safety

91. social, communication

93. economic factors(adapted from Veitch CIE 2004)

97. SwissNex Lecture, San Francisco February 16th, 2010 Thank you for your attention!