As modern environmentalists, naturalists, and medical researchers consider light pollution to be one of the fastest growing and most pervasive forms of environmental pollution; this PPT has been prepared primarily with an intent to create an awareness amongst the architect fraternity.

12. Prof. Subodh Shankar
Professor (DC) and Dean(Actg.), Faculty of Architecture & Planning,
Integral University, Lucknow
Lighting Pollution

13.  Modern environmentalists, naturalists, and medical researchers
consider light pollution to be one of the fastest growing and most
pervasive forms of environmental pollution.
 As per a 2010 article from the Ecology and Society Journal, the
use of artificial lighting increases by 20% each year

14. Artificial Light Make us Sick !
 Maintaining natural 24-hour circadian rhythms is essential for your well-being
 In 2013, researchers at MIT reported that when circadian rhythm are thrown off,
health problems including obesity and metabolic disorders such as diabetes can
arise.
 The researchers at MIT also discovered a link between a disruption in circadian cycles
and aging .
 A new animal study from the Netherlands reports that constant exposure to light
triggered pro-inflammatory activation of the immune system, muscle loss, and early
signs of osteoporosis.
 People who work night shifts have an increased susceptibility to obesity and diabetes;
even cancer
 In 2009, the American Medical Association (AMA) unanimously supported the
reduction of light pollution, and advocated the development of energy-efficient outdoor
lighting to reduce glare and energy waste.

15. Artificial lights reduce melatonin hormone
When the timing or intensity of melatonin (Hormone) is disrupted,
physiological and mental functions are affected which can impact
on:
 our ability to sleep well
 think clearly
 timing and release of hormones
 the regulation of blood pressure and glucose levels.
 Persistent poor sleep may elevate your risk of developing illnesses
and disorders, such as diabetes and depression

16. The Bigger Threat……..
According to a 2010 study by the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Association, Light or photo-pollution increases air
pollution by suppressing a naturally occurring Nitrate radical
(a form of nitrogen oxide ) that cleans the air at night. The
process only takes place at night because sunlight destroys
nitrate radical.
The nightly process prevents the emissions from becoming
smog, ozone pollution, or other harmful irritants.
The artificial lights from buildings, cars, and streetlights slow
down the cleansing process by 7%.
Artificial light also increase the chemicals for ozone pollution by
5%.

17. Light or Photo Pollution?
 Light pollution, also known as photo pollution or luminous pollution, is the excessive,
misdirected or invasive use of artificial outdoor lighting
 Light pollution is obtrusive and excessive artificial lighting. It is the degradation of our
night surroundings by the introduction of artificial lights in the environment.
 As people became affluent and urbanized, demand for outdoor lighting increases and
light pollution sprawls beyond the city limits and into suburban and rural areas.
 As per National Geographic magazine (2008), Chicago is the most light-polluted city
in the United States and Hong Kong in the World
 An urban neighbourhood in Hong Kong, is found to be 1,200 times brighter than a
normal urban city sky.
 Luminous pollution also affects the feeding, sleeping, mating, and migration
cycles of all wildlife. Wildlife can also experience disorientation of time when
there is too much artificial light at night.

18. Lighting Pollution?
Adverse effects of artificial lighting
 Sky glow
 Glare
 Light trespass
 Light clutter
 Decreased visibility at night
 Energy waste.

19. Sky Glow
It is the glow reflected
from the buildings and
automobiles to the
night sky which is
scattered in the
atmosphere.
Every urban city in the
planet can
experience skyglow at
night.
Skyglow denies us of a
clear dark sky full of
twinkling stars.
This is specially a
hindrance to
astronomers
and skygazers.

20. Glare
Visual Sensation
caused by
Excessive and
Uncontrolled
Brightness
Glare is the blinding
light that causes
temporary vision
loss because of
excessive scattering
of light in the eye.
This creates
confusion and
greatly increases
the chances of
accidents.

21. Light Trespass
It is the unwanted artificial light
that enters our property such
as our homes and offices.
The light entering our room
from outside at night is an
example from light trespass.
Exposure to artificial light at
night may deprive us of a good
night's sleep which may
ultimately lead to serious
problems such as sleep
disorders.

22. Energy Wastage
Unshielded
light fixtures
emit more than
50% of their
light skyward or
sideways.
In many
instances, only
40% of the light
emitted actually
illuminates the
ground.

23. Light Cluttering
Bright,
confusing, and
excessive
groupings
of light sources
, commonly
found in over-
lit urban areas.

24. Astronomical Research
Astronomers
recognized light
pollution as a
problem in the
1970s. Even
with the most
powerful
instruments,
they could no
longer view
stars and other
celestial objects
with the same
clarity.

25. Deleterious Effects of LED lighting
 The American Medical Association’s (AMA) Council on Science and
Public Health has released a report outlining the deleterious effects of
LED lighting.
 According to the authors, first-generation LEDs which rate at least 4000
on the Kelvin scale is on the cool-blue end of the spectrum and
therefore closer to daylight—which is much too harsh for most night
time applications.
 A light rated 2,000 to 3,000 Kelvin (K) is on the warmer, more reddish
side and is therefore more pleasing at night.
 Blue LED lighting has already negatively affected wildlife.
According to the AMA report, LEDs on beach areas have led to a “massive drop in turtle
populations, as hatchlings are disoriented by electrical light and sky glow, preventing them
from reaching the water safely.

26. Strategies to Reduce Light Pollution
 Education- make people aware about ill effects
 Implement a Lighting Master Plan
 Limiting the area of Lighting
 Eliminate over Lighting
 Shutting of Lights when not in Use
 Better Fixture Choice

27. The UK Institute of Lighting Engineers
Recommendations
 Do not over light
 Switch off lights when not required for safety
 Use specific design lighting equipment that minimises the
upward spread of light near to, or above the horizontal
 Keep glare to a minimum by ensuring that the main beam angle
of all lights directed towards any potential observer is kept below
70 degrees
 For road lighting installations, light near to and above the
horizontal should be minimised to reduce glare and visual
intrusions

28. Lighting Designing
The primary
problems with night
time lighting are its
directionality,
intensity, and
colour. According to
noted lighting
designer Nancy
Clanton much
standard outdoor
lighting emits more
light than required
for safety or
activities, and too
often that light is
misdirected: pointed
up or outward
unnecessarily,
instead of shining
straight down.

30. Lumainer Designing

31. The Dark-Sky Movement
 International Dark-Sky Association (IDA) - Founded in 1988, the IDA is a non-
profit organization recognized as the authority on light pollution and night-sky
conservation.
 Campaign for Dark Skies (CfDS) - Founded by the British Astronomical
Association in 1989, the campaign for dark Skies is the United Kingdom's
largest campaign against light pollution.
 The group is affiliated with the IDA and works with the House of Commons
Science and Technology Committee to adopt legislation that reduces photo
pollution.
 National Dark-Sky Week - A week long annual celebration held during the new
moon in April to raise awareness about light pollution. Founded in 2003 by
Jennifer Barlow of Midlothian, Virginia, a high school student at the time, the
event encourages participants to turn off their lights and observe the night sky
without light pollution.
 Earth Hour - First organized by the Worldwide Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) in
2007, Earth Hour is an annual event that encourages people to turn off lights for
one hour to raise awareness about climate change. The occasion is observed in
nearly 7,000 cities worldwide

32. The Night Darking Concept
 Travis Longcore, an architect, spatial and biological scientist at
the University of Southern California School of Architecture —
says that architects who have internalized the concept of day -
lighting should now become equally familiar with what he calls
“night-darking.”
 It helps that there are many more solutions for light pollution
coming to market with different spectral signatures, such as
filtered or phosphor-coated LEDs.
 Software such as f.lux changes the hue of computer or device
screens, removing the blue light for nighttime use, and this
technology is now moving into lighting systems as well.

33. Dark Sky Laws in US
New Mexico : Night Sky Protection Act
 The Night Sky Protection Act regulates outdoor lighting fixtures to preserve the state’s dark
sky while promoting safety, conserving energy and protecting the environment for astronomy
 Requires all outdoor lighting fixtures to be shielded, except incandescent fixtures of 150 watts
or less or other sources of 70 watts or less.
 Prohibits outdoor recreational facilities from using lighting after 11:00 p.m.
 Provides for a fine of up to $25 for any person, firm or corporation in violation of the law.
Exceptions may apply.
Minnesota: Night Sky Protection Act
 Prohibits the use of state funds to install or replace an outdoor lighting fixture unless:
 (1) the fixture is designed to maximize energy conservation and minimize light pollution
among others,
 (2) the fixture emits only as much light as necessary for the intended purpose
 (3) a full cutoff fixture is used when the output is more than 1,800 lumens and