St. Francis Xavier Research Paper

St. Francis Xavier Research Paper
St. Francis Xavier Born in the Castle of Xavier near Sanguesa, in Navarre, 7 April, 1506; died on
the Island of Sancian near the coast of China, 2 December, 1552. In 1525, having completed a
preliminary course of studies in his own country, Francis Xavier went to Paris, where he entered the
collège de Sainte–Barbe. Here he met the Savoyard, Pierre Favre, and a warm personal friendship
sprang up between them. It was at this same college that St. Ignatius Loyola, who was already
planning the foundation of the Society of Jesus , resided for a time as a guest in 1529. He soon won
the confidence of the two young men; first Favre and later Xavier offered themselves with him in
the formation of the Society. Four others, Lainez, Salmerón, Rodríguez, ... Show more content on
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Here domestic troubles awaited him. Certain disagreements between the superior who had been left
in charge of the missions, and the rector of the college, had to be adjusted. This, however, being
arranged, Xavier turned his thoughts to China, and began to plan an expedition there. During his
stay in Japan he had heard much of the Celestial Empire, and though he probably had not formed a
proper estimate of his extent and greatness, he nevertheless understood how wide a field it afforded
for the spread of the light of the Gospel. With the help of friends he arranged a commission or
embassy the Sovereign of China, obtained from the Viceroy of India the appointment of
ambassador, and in April, 1552, he left Goa. At Malacca the party encountered difficulties because
the influential Portuguese disapproved of the expedition, but Xavier knew how to overcome this
opposition, and in the autumn he arrived in a Portuguese vessel at the small island of Sancian near
the coast of China. While planning the best means for reaching the mainland, he was taken ill, and
as the movement of the vessel seemed to aggravate his condition, he was removed to the land,
where a rude hut had been built to shelter him. In these wretched surroundings he breathed his
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How Did Andrea Mantegna Painted Room
Introduction The Italian painter and engraver Andrea Mantegna (1430–1506) was one the first fully
Renaissance artist in northern Italy. Andrea Mantegna was known for his visual experiments in
perspective and illusion. He painted realistic figures, landscapes, and actuarial elements into his
painting. Mantegna master the art of for scoring and foreshortening that made his paintings so
realistic. One of his most famous works is the Camera Picta ("Painted Room") /Camera degli Sposi
("Room of the Bride and Groom"), in the Palazzo Ducale of Mantua. Mantegna turns the whole
room into an illusion as he painted ever part of the room even the celling. He used painting
techniques such as foreshortening and linear perspective to turn the whole room into ... Show more
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Mars is fully dressed but Venus posed in the nude. They are standing in front of a bed with a plant
background, with lots of fruit on the right side behind Mars and only on piece of fruit on the left
side next to Venus. The number fruit and what sides they are on symbolize the fecundation. To the
left of Mars is Anteros who is the god of heavenly love, he has a he holding a blowpipe that he is
aiming at Vulcan that is right outside a small rocky cave to the far right of the painting with grape
behind him. Vulcan is Venus' husband he is angry about the love affair of his wife and Mars. On the
bottom of the painting in front of the rock arch, there is a clearing where nine muses are dancing and
Apollo is playing his lyre to the right of them. The Nine Muses are "Greek goddesses who ruled
over the arts and sciences and offered inspiration in those subjects" (Infoplease). To the right of the
nine muses in the lower right corner is the winged horse Pegasus stopping his hoof with Mercury
next to him. It is said that Pegasus hoof is able to stop any disasters that Venus' chant could make,
like earthquakes, and can even just his hoof touching the ground could make a spring

Como surgio? Causas? Consecuencias? Arquitectura....
El arte barroco se desarrolla entre los siglos XVII y XVIII. El arte será el vehículo de propaganda
tanto de la Iglesia de la Contrarreforma, como de los Estados absolutistas o de la burguesía
protestante.
En el barroco la figura humana se alza como objeto decisivo del arte, pero no en su forma
idealizada, sino en cualquier aspecto, ya sea este bello o feo, sublime o cotidiano.
En el barroco podemos distinguir tres períodos: temprano o primitivo, de 1580 a 1630, pleno, de
1630 a 1680, y tardío o rococó, de 1680 a 1750.
El barroco artístico contrasta abiertamente con el ideal de armonía, proporción y medida que
propugnó el Renacimiento. Las principales características del arte barroco son:
Dinamismo El artista barroco desea crear ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A imitación de Versalles se construyen en España los reales sitios, sobre todo Aranjuez.
Destacan, Alonso Carbonell: El Buen Retiro, Juan Gómez de Mora: plaza Mayor, la cárcel de la
Corte y Alonso Cano, fachada de la catedral de Granada.
En el siglo XVIII se desarrolla el estilo churrigueresco. Se trata de un estilo muy decorativo, sobre
todo en el exterior. José Benito de Churriguera es el auténtico creador del estilo: San Cayetano,
Santo Tomás, y la ciudad de Nuevo Baztán, Joaquín de Churriguera: colegio de Calatrava en
Salamanca y Alberto de Churriguera: plaza Mayor de Salamanca. Pedro de Ribera, puente de
Toledo. Narciso Tomé: transparente de la catedral de Toledo, y Fernando de Casas Novoa, la
fachada del Obradoiro en Compostela.
Los dos grandes proyectos de la Corte borbónica son la granja de San Ildefonso, Teodoro Ardemáns,
y Aranjuez, Santiago Bonavía. Se construyó el Palacio Real, Fillippo Juvara y Giovanni Battista
Sacchetti.
Hispanoamérica
Durante los siglos XVII y XVIII la conquista y dominación de las Indias llega a su apogeo. Se crean
nuevas ciudades y se reconstruyen las ya existentes.

En la catedral de México, trabajan Claudio Arciniega y Juan Miguel Agüero. Se convertirá en el
paradigma de la arquitectura colonial. Francisco Becerra levantará la catedral de Puebla. Francisco
Antonio Guerrero y Torres: capilla del Pocito, en Puebla. En Puebla aparece una escuela

The Suspension Of Disbelief By Samuel Taylor Colridge
"Suspension of disbelief" is an essential feature of theater. Is it essential in other areas of
knowledge? Develop your answer with reference to 2 areas of knowledge. Word Count: 1228 In
addressing this topic, one must understand the idea of suspension of disbelief; I took it upon myself
to analyze its role in the arts, more specifically, theater and literature. An English poet, Samuel
Taylor Colridge, established the idea of "poetic faith," which plays a crucial role in the arts. An
excerpt from Coleridge's Biographia Literaria states that his goal in entertaining the readers through
the supernatural was, "to transfer from our inward nature a human interest and a semblance of truth
sufficient to procure for these shadows of imagination ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Here, suspension of disbelief would have proved beneficial. When introduced to vectors in
geometric proofs I immediately exercised judgement. Instead of accepting this knowledge, I
challenged it making my comprehension more difficult. In math, suspension of disbelief is
necessary to overcome confusion and apprehension. I found skepticism in my immediate personal
perspective of apprehension and opinion of absurdity; in reality, if I had suspended this disbelief,
my learning of this topic would have been smoother and easier. Yes, suspension of disbelief proved
beneficial when learning complex and confusing disciplines like math, however, it can be harmful.
How can the suspension of disbelief hinder the development of an Area of Knowledge? In the
natural sciences, suspension of disbelief is closely viewed as ignorance which harms the
development of knowledge. More specifically, interrupting the role of reason in the natural sciences
hinders scientific advancements. For example, neuroscientist, Suzana Herculano–Houzel, could
have ignored the holes in science, however, chose to acknowledge them and further her knowledge.
Suzana Herculano–Houzel was puzzled by scientist's explanations saying that the human brain was
"special" to account for our brain's superiority to other organisms. Other scientists accounted this
proficiency due to size, yet, if that were true elephants would be smarter than

St. Francis Of Assisi Research Paper
Learning About Saint Francis of Assisi Imagine that you were trapped in a dungeon under the
control of a stranger having no way to reach your family (St. Francis of Assisi Biography.com 2).
With you not even knowing if anybody will ever notice you again. Saint Francis of Assisi had to go
through this horrible experience and witness how cruel some people can really be (St. Francis of
Assisi Biography.com 2). Under other people's leadership can sometime be crucial to your health.
Not knowing when you will be getting feed or when eating not having a full sized portion. This can
result in having medical problems and can sometimes even cause death. Saint Francis of
Assisi was a wealthy young boy full of privileges who was ordained a saint after

St. Clare Of Assisi Research Paper
Goodmorning Mr Capell and class, I am Cooper Webster and today I will be talking about St Clare
of Assisi. I will be speaking about this remarkable person because she impacted the church deeply
and help the poor and marginalised.
St Clare of Assisi was born July 16, 1194 in Assisi which is in Italy. She was born into a family with
another sister named Saint Agnes of Assisi. She was very wealthy child as her parents, Favorino
Scifi and Ortolana were very fortunate. During this wealthy life she saw St Francis preaching when
she was 18, he was preaching at a Lenten service in the church of San Giorgio in Assisi. After this
event she asked St Francis to help her live in the manner of the gospel. Her parents were not happy
with this because she was meant to be married into a line of family. St Clare of Assisi left her home
to go out and change the lives of a group of less fortunate people and help them be noticed and
helped more. She refused all offers from her parents and would not stay with them, she cut her hair,
traded her expensive gown for a plain one and a vail. After this St Clare left and started a group
called 'The Poor Ladies of San damiano', this group went out to help a group of young homeless
people and give them support. St Clare died on the 11th of august, 1253 when she was aged 59. She
was canonised as a saint on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
St Clare was a radical reformer because she gave up her wealthy social status to become a poor
person with a low social status, she did this to help a group of poor people who needed help and
needed support. She became a social outcast like this group of less fortunate people. St Clare
noticed that a social group in her society was suffering and being put out to an extreme manner, She
took a risk to go out and take the initiative to help cure this problem. Although her father ordered
her home, she refused all offers and made it certain to leave all she had to help this social

St. Francis of Assisi was born on 1181 in Assisi with the name Giovanni di Bernadone. When he
was baptized his mother named him after John the Baptist. His father though wanted a man of
business and not a man of god, so his father named him Francesco. He was named Francesco
because his father was obsessed with France. Francis grew up rich, because of his fathers wealth. He
was the leader of a crowd who partied all night long. There is a quote from him where he said, "I
lived in sin" during the times that he partied. Francis like his father wanted was good at Business,
but what he really wanted to do was become a noble. His chance at becoming a noble came when
Assisi declared war on Perugia, a nearby town. Most the Assisi troops were killed in the fight, ...
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There was a call for the Fourth Crusade, so he made his father buy him a horse and an expensive
suit of armor. When he left Assisi within a day he went back because God told him to go back home
and that he got it all wrong. Francis because of this started spending more time praying to God. One
time he was riding his horse in the countryside, and saw a leper. He then stopped next the leper and
kissed its hand. When he was riding off he looked back and the leper wasn't there so he thought it
was a test of God. He then tried to help rebuild a church called San Damiano, because he thought
Jesus told him too. He stole fabric from his father to sell, but he was caught. When he did he had to
return the clothes, but he also then declared that his father wasn't his father anymore, and that God
was. He still helped rebuild the church. Francis also started to preach even though he wasn't a priest.
Francis started getting a following of apostles who lived like he did with giving away all their
expensive things, and live poor. Francis even went to Pope Innocent III for approval of his
brotherhood, but he threw him

St. Francis of Assisi was born in Assisi, duchy of Spoleto, Italy in 1181. His Father was a wealthy
cloth merchant who owned farmland around Assisi. In his early years, he was spoiled, indulging
himself with fine food, wine, and wild celebrations. By 14 he was already a rebellious teenager who
drank, partied and broke a lot of rules. But he was also known to be charming and for his vanity.
Francis learned the skills for archery, wrestling, and horsemanship. His dream was to be a Knight.
With taking over the textile business he didn't have any business with.
In 1202 the war between Assisi and Perugia took place and Francis was part of it. But his time to
shine wasn't that long.
Soldiers captured him and demanded money, but his father never

Bartolome Esteban Murillo St. Francis At Prayer Analysis
Bartolome Esteban Murillo, "St. Francis of Assisi at Prayer" (1645–1650)
In the painting St. Francis is barefoot purposefully in accordance with his chosen lifestyle. Francis'
choice the live in poverty originates from a sermon he heard in 1209 on Mathew 10:9, which states,
"Do not take gold or silver or copper for your belts," (New American Bible). Verses 5–15 of
Mathew is the commissioning of the twelve disciples in which Jesus tells them to go, without
money or shoes, to preach about His coming (Catholic Encyclopedia). This inspired Francis to
preach the gospel, which was abnormal because he was not an ordained priest. Regardless, within a
year he had eleven followers or "friars" that chose to live simply with him. In 1209 he also wrote the
Regula primitiva which means ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For neither does circumcision mean anything, nor does uncircumcision, but only a new creation.
Peace and mercy be to all who follow the rule and to the Israel of God. From now on, let no one
make troubles for me; for I bear the marks of Jesus on my body. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ
be with your spirit, brothers and sisters. Amen," (New American Bible). St. Paul indicates the
Gospel or Good News is not just for Jews, but for all people. He then says that he belongs to Christ
through the "marks of Jesus on my body" in which he refers to physical wounds received from his
persecution. This relates to "St Francis of Assisi at Prayer" in that Francis is painted with a tear in
his robe in which the viewer can see a wound upon his chest. The knots in the rope around his waist
are important as well in that it represents the vows of poverty, chastity and obedience. The skull next
to the cross is also of consequence in that it is a symbol associated with St. Francis and serves to
remind of the mortality of

Assisi Chapter 9 Summary
The poor man of Assisi, Francis, had little education and lacked literacy skills, but these
shortcomings did not become an obstacle in sharing the important message of the gospel. "He was
not a scholarly saint like Augustine or Thomas Aquinas." Yet, Francis' dedication touched many
through his religious writings and compilation of poems, songs and prayers. "Francis was not a
gifted student as a child and he received no university or seminary degree. His conversion
experience came in the form of dreams where God commissioned him to rebuild His church and
care for the poor. He took these 'marching orders' seriously and committed himself to following
Christ in reality and truth as revealed in the Scriptures". Chapter 10 The Death of Francis In 1225,
Francis lived in Rieti and suffered many ailments. He was unable to eat, impacted by dropsy,
edema–excess water accumulation. Severe ophthalmia, with its extreme sensitivity to light and pain
from inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eye, proved excruciating. He was not a very
co–operative patient apparently. At the time, as Francis' death drew close, he was moved to the
Portiuncula Chapel where he lived with his Brothers. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Francis was sincerely fond of Jacoba, who showed him great hospitality every time he visited
Rome. Most interestingly, it is said just as the messenger was about to leave with the letter, Lady
Jacoba arrived with all the items he had requested in the letter. Although there was a rule not
allowing women at Portiuncula, "one so close that he even called her a 'brother' and excepted her
from the rules excluding women from the

Saint Francis Of Assisi Research Paper
Saint Francis of Assisi is a very inspiring man originally known as Francesco.He was an italian
roman catholic friar,which is a member of any religious group of men,and a preacher.He was born in
1181 or 1182,there is no specific records of the specific day or year that he was born,in
Assisi,Italy.Sadly he did pass at the young age of 44 or 45,again there is no specific age for Saint
Francis.His date of death was October 3,1226 in Assisi,Italy In Assisi,Italy during Saint francis's
time a wave of immigrants settled in the upper valley of assisi as far as the adriatic sea.These people
who settled in Assisi lived in small fortified settlements on high ground.Another event that happens
is that the Famous Rocca Maggiore,the imperial fortress on ... Show more content on
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Many Miracles happened to Saint Francis.Including the ability to preach to birds and almost every
other wild animal on earth.He even cured people of their physical and mentally challenging
diseases.Because of these miracles Francis became the patron saint of animals,the environment,and
he could also be viewed as the original earth day advocate,which is someone who supports or
recommends people to do something. Saint francis isn't only famous for his mysterious miracles he
is also known for his famous quotes for example his quote, If you have men who will exclude any of
God's creatures from the shelter of compassion and pity, you will have men who will deal likewise
with their fellow men,and A single sunbeam is enough to drive away many shadows.By one of my
favorite quotes from Saint Francis is Start by doing what's necessary; then do what's possible; and
suddenly you are doing the

The Manipulation of Sound in Cinema
Landscape and Architecture in Antonioni, Pasolini, and Rosi
Soundscape: The Manipulation of Sound in Cinema Ever since the end of the era of silent film,
sound, music, and even noise, has played and will continue to play a vital role in the world of
cinema. It is through this very specific manipulation and creation of sound that directors are not
only able to donate a particular emotion or feel to a scene, but also aides to allude to an even subtler
subtext that exists within the world that has been created on the screen. Francesco Rosi, an Italian
"Neo–Realist" director, is no exception to this play on sound in his own documentary–esque
creations. The question however still remains, how does sound and the manipulation of sound
contribute and alter the cinematic universe and allow the director to create subtle symbols and
nuances in the theme or plot of a film? What is sound? Sound can be described as "the sensation
produced by the stimulation of the hearing organs, the ears, by vibrations transmitted through the air
or another medium". Even after knowing what sound is how do this vibrations relate to cinema?
According to Bordwell and Thompson it is through the manipulation and altering of the acoustic
make up of a sound or noise that filmmakers are able to donate particular meaning with in a scene.
When talking about sound there are three main aspects that can be changed and morphed that allow
certain "atmospheres" to be created with in a scene, these three aspects

Compare And Contrast Florentine Art In The Quattrocento
In the 15th Century, Italy was the hub of the arts, humanism, technological innovations and science.
This period is commonly referred to as the Renaissance, and it is stated that Florence was in the
heart of it, although Venice was also prominent in its artistic development. In this essay, the
characteristics of Florentine and Venetian art in the Quattrocento will be analysed, and a comparison
and contrast between the two will be conducted.
In the Quattrocento, Italy was divided into different city–states, such as Florence, Venice, Milan and
Siena , amongst others, each ruled by its own government. In this essay, the focus will be on
Florence and Venice and smaller cities which were influenced by their artists. The Renaissance
started in Florence, a few years after the year 1400 . The 15th Century in Italy, also known as the
Quattrocento , is often described as being an era in which there was an increase in abundance and ...
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The two artists were essential in the development of Florentine art, whereby Donatello, influenced
by Classical antiquity, soon became the best sculptor of his time, by depicting figures larger than
life, such as his St. George Tabernacle, which is full of movement and realism; St. George's
expression sombre, and his pose naturalistic . On the other hand, Brunelleschi discovered one–point
perspective, in turn influencing young artists like Masaccio, whose fresco The Holy Trinity was
revolutionary, as it included all that Ghiberti, Donatello and Brunelleschi had discovered: drama,
realism, emotion and depth, and made use of classical elements. Such characteristics were to be the
basis of Florentine art, which may be distinguished from attention to design and focus on
perspective, and attention to facial expressions and gestures , and sometimes made references to
classical architecture or subjects like

The Medici Of Great Modern Art
The Medici could be regarded as the very first inveterate collectors of great modern art, with their
complicated emotions involved, such as their guilt, ambition of authority, and sexual lust. In the end,
the Medici did not only collect paintings and sculptures; they had changed the very nature of art
itself. Art had been transformed from serving Christianity to personal collecting purpose. Francesco
I de' Medici's Studiolo could be marked as a sign of art as personal preference rather than being
used on other larger perspectives. Following up his father Cosimo de' Medici's artistic projects,
Francesco has led them to a ultimate conclusion and a glorious beginning. According to the name of
Studiolo, we could infer that this is a place ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In existing scholarship, Francesco I de' Medici, was regarded as an absentee grand duke ". He was
quiet, anemic and not born to be an aggressive warrior. Both approaches have contributed to the
long lives of many rumors concerning Francesco that developed in his own time, such as those that
suggested his debauched sexual habits and possible involvement in the occult. The whole program
on the Studiolo began in September on 1570 as Vasari's restoration of the palace. Borghini was
responsible for the decoration program and finished it in 1572. There were teams of artists
completed the paintings inside this room. Francesco had employed many of the best contemporary
Florentine painters at that time to work, however, most of the paintings did not represent their best
efforts. As the tangible results of those technological abilities, the copious models and the
interrelated tangible examples helped create a sense of micro– and macrocosm. The Studiolo is also
served as office, laboratory and hiding place for Francesco as well. It is another evidence of the
Medici as pioneer art collectors during the Renaissance period. The whole space of the Studiolo is a
microcosm of Francesco I de'Medici's infinite interests and myriad knowledge. His interests ranged
from alchemy to zoology, including areas in geology, glassmaking and metallurgy. The room's
display cabinets lining the walls demonstrated the use of space as well. The chamber has shown the
affinity and

Animal Imagery In Fairy Tales
Over time, historians have interpreted the use of animal imagery in western folk and fairy tales as a
means for providing entertainment and moral lessons to western society. However, many historians
have different ideas about how animal imagery and stereotypes actually affect a society besides
keeping away from wolves and bears and such. Dr. Jack Zipes, a professor of German and
comparative literature, promotes in his paper, "What Makes a Repulsive Frog So Appealing:
Memetics and Fairy Tales," that the story of "The Frog Prince" is actually a story about the
strategies of mating and how the frog symbolizes its appearance of an unsuitable mate to a suitable
one. In a completely different turn on fictional fairy tales influencing society, Dr. Anna Idström and
Dr. Elisabeth Piirainen, experts on endangered metaphors, instead argue that animal imagery in
metaphors, idioms and tales of the Inari Saami people are actually based on real animal behavior in
their work, "The wolf – an evil and ever–hungry beast or a nasty thief? Conventional Inari Saami
metaphors and widespread idioms in contrast." Finally, in addition to how specific animal
stereotypes and imagery affect elements of western society, Dr. Lewis Seifert, a professor of French
literature, tackles the subject of animal–human hybrids in fairy tales and how they are able to
separate their "animal half" from their "human half" in "Animal–Human Hybridity in d'Aulnoy's
"Babiole" and "Prince Wild Boar'." In "What Makes a

What Is The Reflection Of Atalanta And Hippomenes?
On November 4th, 1575, Guido Reni was born in Bologna to Daniele Reni and Ginevra de' Pozzi.
At the age of twenty, Reni began attending the Accademia degli Incamminati, and later went on to
join the Bolognese School created by Annibale Carracci and his family members. The Bolognese
School, also known as "The Academy of those on the Path" aimed to revise the artificiality of the
artwork of the time in order to create a new style. This new style focused on trying to communicate
with the viewer and showing the value of the live model and nature. During the Renaissance, live
model and landscape paintings were seen as 'easy' and less valuable. However, the Academy of
those on the Path, combined the return to the live model and nature with the best Renaissance
masters techniques and colors. While studying ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When viewing the painting, I found its composition to be quite interesting. The painting is fairly
dark – dealing with a very dark, simple background, which allows emphasis on the two figures.
Besides the white of the bodies, the only two accents of colors are red/ pink and blue, while the rest
of the painting consists of cold colors with dark undertones. The dark background allows an
emphasis on the "girlish whiteness of her body" as well as his (Ovid, 8 A.D). The red and blue
accents belong to the scarfs covering Atalanta and Hippomenes. The way the scarfs are painted
helps to show that the figures are in motion. The painting is quite balanced, having Atalanta on the
left side of the painting and Hippomenes on the right. Furthermore, the composition consists of
multiple diagonals that start with Hippomenes body and carry on through Atalanta's. For example,
Hippomenes arm is creating a diagonal that continues through the painting with Atalanta's arm. The
figures legs overlap in the center of the photo, which shows a sense of depth – making it clear that
Atalanta is behind

Victoria's Influence On Tom Luis Luis De Victoria
The 16th century was a time of the Spanish Inquisition, which reigned for almost 400 years, forcing
those who weren't Catholic to convert to Catholicism (Koeller). Catholicism was a major influence
in all aspects of Spanish life at that time, ranging from music to art and daily living. Being a 16th
century composer, Tomás Luis De Victoria was greatly influenced by the Catholic Church. Most, if
not all of his music consisted of sacred pieces (Ferris). He was a Spanish polyphonic composer
whose specialty was in motets. Not only was he one of the greatest composers and musicians of his
time, he was also a scholar, a mystic, and a priest.
Victoria was born in 1548 in Sanchidrián, Spain, a province of Avila, Castile to father, Francisco
Luis de Victoria and mother, Francisca Suárez de la Concha. Victoria was seventh of eleven children
who were born into a family already leading vast and successful careers. Three of his male cousins
(on his mother's side) achieved success by being a naval commander, a pioneer in Mexico, and a
merchant in Florence. The merchant married Grand Duke Cosimo I de' Medici's sister–in–law and
was ennobled. The uncle on Victoria's father's side, who he was named after, was a lawyer who
pleaded cases before the royal chancery at Valladolid (a city in north–central Spain) and was later a
priest. His other uncle on his father's side was also a priest (Stevenson).
Victoria's father died on August 29th, 1557. Afterwards, an uncle of Victoria's, Juan Luis who

Saint Francis of Assisi was born in 1181 in Assisi, Holy Roman empire. He is considered a hero and
a well known saint. His parents were Pietro and Pico Bernadone. His father was very wealthy and
worked as a silk merchant. Francis was always with his friends partying and doing bad things. He
lived a luxorious and easy early life.
He went to fight for Assisi in war and was then taken as a prisoner in 1202. After a while, he was
released. He reverted back to his childlike behavior. He never received any type of formal
education. It was when Francis developed a severe illness he decided to change his way of life.
When he recovered and was well enough, he ventured back to Assisi where he helped the less
fortunate. He began to do many amazing things,

St. Francis Of Assisi Essay
St. Francis of Assisi was born in Umbria in the year 1182. He was a child every father hoped for, he
was filled with life, a determined and courageous individual. He was gifted with rather good looks,
qualities that attracted friends and a gift of leadership. His father was an extremely wealthy
merchant in Assisi. But this son, his favourite, was the one who broke Peter Bernardone's heart. The
boy turned on his father, and in a vicious event that eventually resulted into a public scene. St.
Francis of Assisi stepped away from his father, his business and left his father in a state of immense
emotional suffering.
Francis joined the military at the age of 20. Prior to this date (1202), the favoured son showed his
parents that he would ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Now came the question that changed the course of Francis' life, and in many ways, the course of
human history. &quot;Why then are you seeking the servant instead of the master, the vassal
instead of the prince?&quot; the voice spoke again. Francis recognizing the voice as that of
Christ, suddenly grew weary of retreat. &quot;Lord, what will You have me do?&quot;
asked Francis. &quot;Return home, Your vision will have its spiritual fulfillment through
Me.&quot; replied the voice. Francis then returned to Assisi. Although the residents of Assisi
rejoiced at his return, Francis was known as their leader during the time, they soon sensed that
Francis had changed. Something was troubling him. The townspeople concluded that Francis had
fallen in love. Francis' companions would ask him who it was. Francis had to answer, but he
couldn't tell them that it was someone who he hardly knew or someone that he was slightly afraid.
So he said to his friends, &quot;I do dram of taking a wife, and she whom I shall marry is
noble, so rich, so fair and so wise, that not one of your has seen her like&quot;.
Francis tended to leave his house and journey to the many caves located in Assisi. A friend who saw
that Francis was involved in something even more deep than arrangements

The Art Of Andrea Mantegna, The Rebirth Of Art
Andrea Mantegna is the first fully Renaissance artist of northern Italy who was very talented. He is
known for many of his works and is involved in many different artistic periods. His paintings are
beautiful and inspiring.
Mantegna was born in Italy in 1431 to a woodworker named Biagio Mantegna. He started his
mentorship with Francesco Squarcione at age eleven and showed miraculous promise. At age 17
Mantegna left Squarcione because of unfair profiting done by Squarcione on Mantegna's art.
Mantegna died on December 13, 1506 at around the age of 75, but not before marriage, children,
and many magnificent works of art.
The Italian Renaissance period took place towards the end of 14 century AD. The artist declared it
the rebirth of learning. The Renaissance period is greatly known for its artist, such as Leonardo da
Vinci and Michelangelo, and writer such as William Shakespeare.
One of Mantegna's most famous works is a piece titled "Crucifixion". This iconic piece is a painting
done by Mantegna in 1458 for the high alter of San Zeno, Verona. The art work shows three men
tied or nailed to crucifixes. In the painting you can see people crying in anguish and people smiling
with glee. When I look at the painting the first thing I see is the three men on the crosses. I think
Mantegna wanted this to be the main focus point. The piece is very straight forward and easy to
understand if you know the story that is trying to be replicated. The art is about the crucifixion of
Jesus

Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone, better known as St. Francis of Assisi (Assisi, July 5, 1182 1 –
October 3, 1226), was a Catholic friar from Italy. After a restless and worldly youth, turned to a
religious life of complete poverty, founding a mendicant Order of Friars Minor, more commonly
known as the Franciscans, who renewed Catholicism of his time. With the habit of itinerant
preaching, when the religious of his time used to set up in monasteries, and with his belief that the
Gospel should be strictly followed, imitating the life of Christ, developed a deep identification with
the problems of our fellows and humanity of Christ himself. His attitude was also said when the
original goodness and wonder of creation at a time when the world was ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A voice called his attention to the state of disrepair of his Church, and urged Francis to rebuild.
Immediately went home, collected many expensive fabrics of his father's shop and sold at low price
in the market town, and returned to the church where he had his revelation donating money to the
priest, so that he would restore the building decadent. Upon learning that his father was enraged and
ordered the seek. Frightened, Francis hid in a barn, where his friend brought him some food. After
some time, decided to prove, and before the people of Assisi was accused of lazy and idle. The
crowd took to the crazy and fun–stoning him. The father heard the commotion and retired to his
home, but chained in the basement. A few days later his mother, out of compassion, he delivered
him out of the chains, and Francisco was seeking refuge with the bishop. The father followed him
and accused him sink his fortune, claiming compensation for what he had taken from his shop
without license. Then, to everyone's surprise, Francis stripped all her beautiful clothes and laid them
at the feet of his father, renounced his inheritance, asked the blessing of the bishop and left,
completely naked, to start a life of poverty to the people, the which never retornou.4 5 the bishop
saw this gesture a sign from God and became his protector for

St Francis Influence On Religion
St Francis has grown from the son of a silk merchant into one of the most influential patron saints in
history. Following the scripture "So if you faithfully obey the commands I am giving you today–to
love the LORD your God and to serve him with all your heart and with all your soul–" (
Deuteronomy 11: 13) St Francis has dedicated his life to God and has led an intimate life to carry
out the teachings of Jesus Christ. St Francis was born in 1181 or in the latter year to Pietro di
Bernardone & Pica de Bourlemont, he was born under the title Giovanni after John the Baptist but
after his father returned from France he had the boy change his name from Giovanni to Francesco,
which meant frenchman – as a tribute to the country he admired and

St Francis Of Assisi Research Paper
Saint Francis of Assisi is the patron saint of animals and ecology. He was born in Italy around 1181
or 1182 and felt that all creatures were brothers and sisters of God. His deep love and compassion
for all creatures truly showed when in his sermons he would preach to the creatures of God. During
his life St. Francis dedicated his life to helping the creatures God had created. He left all his family's
wealth to be able to serve in God. He started giving away all his possessions to those in need. Saint
Francis was canonized by Pope Gregory IX in 1224. At the beginning of his life Saint Francis was
going down the wrong path and drank and partied. For a short period of time after this he was a
soldier, when he was fighting in a war he was

St Francis of Assisi, Francesco was born approximately in 1181 in Assisi, Italy. St Francis of Assisi
was born into a reasonably wealthy family of Pica de Bourlemont, his mother and Pietro Bernardone
dei Moriconi, his father who was a cloth merchant. Francis was destined to grow up in his father's
footsteps and become a cloth merchant but Francis found little interest in his father's work. Francis
started his life as a spoiled, young, loveable troublemaker. From a young age Francis was loved by
everyone and indulged by his wealthy father, he wasn't very good in school but nobody seemed to
mind. By age 14, Francis had left school and was distinguished as a rebellious teenager. Francis was
soon known as the leader of a group that frequently went ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Francis believed that the church was too rich while others were suffering and went out to instill
these beliefs, much like the beliefs of Jesus, in those around him. Francis lived a life that consisted
of only the bare necessities and when meeting someone poorer than them, they would willingly
offer something up. When confronted by the bishop as to why he led such a poor life, Francis said
"If we had any possessions we should need weapons and laws to defend them." Francis began
preaching up to 5 villages a day and even began preaching to animals, although he was looked upon
as "God's fool" because of this. Legend has it that Francis once talked a wolf out of killing and
preached to hundreds of birds who simply sat and listened. Francis deeply loved nature and
considered nature to be an equal, a brother. Francis drew thousands of followers that chose to live
Francis' way of life. In 1224, Francis received another vision from God that left him with the holy
wounds of the stigmata, which would be visible for the rest of his life. Francis then died October 3
1226, at age 44 in Assisi. He was later canonized a saint on July 16, 1228 by Pope Gregory IX. St
Francis of Assisi is the patron saint of animals, merchants and

"Francis, go and repair My house, which, as you see, is falling completely into ruin." In 1205, St.
Francis of Assisi heard this command three times while in prayer in the Church of San Damiano.
Even though he lived only 45 years, Francis of Assisi (1181–1226) had drawn around him a vast
number of followers through his saintly example of humility, purity and imitation of Jesus Christ.
As the founder of the Franciscan Order, the Order of Friars Minor, Francis was not only able to
faithfully fulfill the command to physically repair a small chapel in Assisi, but spiritually repair
churches around the world. His communities lived out a radical commitment to the Gospel message
of poverty and, in the process, left a legacy that captured the imagination

Age Of Enlightenment Essay
Throughout history mankind has transformed into a highly developed and cultured society, driven
on the foundations of one vital key factor in our evolution that set humans apart from other species
entirely, the ability to think. If humans did not possess the ability to think, there would be no change
or development of our species as a whole and individually. By challenging the natural process of
evolution and defying the odds, humans carved their way into this world to leave their mark. A time
period in history where thinking began to dig deeper and defining one 's philosophical thoughts
became a prevalent and popular subject to indulge in was "The Age of Enlightenment". During this
age, many philosophers who studied the fundamental nature ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Rome is where Borelli would meet his next teacher, Benedetto Antonio Castelli , a former professor
of mathematics who would help guide and shape Borelli's interests of studies. "introduced by
Campanella to Benedetto Antonio Castelli who had come to Rome... giving courses on Euclid 's
Elements and Apollonius 's Conics. Borelli attended these courses...a pupil of Castelli and...became
an expert on Euclid and Apollonius." During his scholar years under Castelli, Borelli earned a
reputation as a " as an exceptionally good mathematician." http://www–history.mcs.st–
andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Borelli.html Due to this reputation he gained, Borelli earned the first of
many oppurtunies he would be presented to as a philosopher when he was made a teacher at the
university. "Borelli was appointed as a lecturer in mathematics at the University of Messina in Sicily
after being recommended by Castelli." CITE By transitioning from student to teacher, a vast amount
of doors opened for him as Borelli was now on the same level as his

Medieval Sourcebook : The Rule Of The Franciscan Order
Medieval Sourcebook: The Rule of the Franciscan Order is a source found at Fordham University
online sourcebooks. The source has as the main focus "The Rule of the Franciscan Order". It gives
details in regards to the history of the founding of the order and what was the major contribution of
St. Francis in establishing "the order of the lesser brothers". St. Francis was the lead figure which
made him a venerable personality in the Middle Ages. The Franciscan order was founded by St.
Francis of Assisi. Although there were other movements created at the time, almost unwittingly
Francis became the leader of this Christian movement which focused on the love of God, poverty
and a cheerful fraternity. Before the founding the Order Francis had renounced all his father's assets
and recognized only the fatherhood of God. From the beginning, St. Francis did not intended to be a
role model or a venerable personality; he only desired and decided to consistently live an option, his
vocation to poverty.
This text narrates briefly the religious behavior adapted by the friars. Possibly there were doubts
about the viability of the style of life they proposed to adopt at that time. But this lifestyle attracted
other fellow citizens and with time the order gained more and more members. These were men
seeking to pursue a life of conversion without being confined in a monastery devoting to prayer
only. Their biggest challenge was to serve the needs of the people. Also, the Franciscans were

St Francis Research Paper
Saint Francis, widely known as Saint Francis of Assisi, is one of the world's most beloved and well–
known saints. He's the patron of animals, merchants, and ecology. Saint Francis was born in Assisi,
Italy in 1181 to very wealthy parents. Pietro Bernardone, the father of St. Francis, a very wealthy
merchant returned from a trip to France to find out his wife had given birth to a son. The last thing
Pietro wanted was a son that was a man of God, he wanted a man of businessman as a son, a great
merchant like he was, and he wanted a son who would reflect his love with France. So he renamed
his son Francesco, which was a calling of a Frenchman. From the beginning, everyone loved
Francis. He was always happy, charming, and was born a great leader. If he was ever being picky,
people would excuse him. If he was ever sick, people would care of him. He was a very big
dreamer, so he did poorly in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Saint Francis, himself, said he lived in sin during his teenage years. As many young people, he thirst
of glory and fame, while he set out to join the Fourth Crusade. During his trip, God spoke to him
and told him to go home. While saint Francis was very humiliated, he obeyed and returned home.
Later that day, he came across a leper. He was so moved with compassion he gave the man a kiss as
a sign of peace and later the man vanished. Saint Francis believed God was testing him there. The
final moment of conversion, he was when he visited a dilapidated church and said he heard God tell
him to rebuild the church. Francis that God wanted him to rebuild the church, so he stole money and
cloth from father. Once his father found out what he did he took him to the bishop and sued for the
stole. The bishop told him he had to repay his father and Francis replied renouncing his inheritance
and his family. He decided to dedicate his life to serving the

Francis And Clare War Analysis
It is often said that Saint Francis and Saint Clare had internal and external experience of war.
Examples of internal war that Francis and Clare faced would be stress, thoughts, and emotions.
Examples of external war that Francis and Clare faced would be beatings from parents, being
prisoner, being a part of a war, and falling ill. Francis and Clare both were heavily impacted by the
internal and external war they faced. These impacts had changed their lives drastically and had
changed their view related to the world and church.
Francis was on this planet a very long time ago, but he had a huge impact on religion. Francis lived
for about forty four years and he went through changes for a good reason. In the year of 1202,
Francis went ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Clare lived for about sixty year and she went through changes for a good reason. Clare's wars are
started when she was six years old, when Clare and her family was escaping for the war that was
going on in Assisi. She dropped her favorite doll and she left her parents to go and get her doll. She
was blocked by returning to her family by a warrior and that warrior, Francis, let her go to be with
her family. This event him her emotional and it will have an big impact later in her life. The war had
played a huge external war on her life by making her move out of her home and not returning for
more than ten years. This was a stressful and emotional event in her life. When she returned home
she went to church and was very surprised who was preacher. It was Francis, she has seen how
much he had changed and she was feeling empowered. A couple of years later, she finally made her
mind up to join Francis and his movement. One night, she left with friends to go the church and
forfeit everything they own and to become one of them. Her family was not that happy with her and
tried to stop her, like Francis' father had did. After all the internal and external war Clare had faced
she made the move to join Francis and the Franciscan values by being the first woman in this
religious

Modern Criticism : Modesta Pozzo
Modesta Pozzo or Moderata Fonte (Venice, 1555–
1592), although little known to modern criticism
before around 1980, is now recognized as one of the most accessible and appealing of sixteenth
century Italian women writers. Her best known work is the dialogue Il merito delle donne (The
Worth of Women), which was published posthumously in 1600, and is one of the liveliest and most
original contributions to early modern debate on sex roles, as well as one of the earliest to have been
authored by a woman. Fonte 's oeuvre also encompasses a number of other works deserving of
critical attention, notably her chivalric romance, Il Floridoro (1581) and her two poetic narratives of
Christ 's passion and resurrection (1582 and 1592). As Doglioni records, Modesta Pozzo was born in
venice in 1555, to Girolamo Pozzo a lawyer, and Marietta dal Moro. Both her parents came from
moneyed families of the peculiarly venetian rank of cittadini originari, a secondary elite group,
excluded from the patriciate and thus ineligible for political office, but clearly differentiated from
the 'populace ' in terms of education and lifestyle. She received an elementary education at the
convent of Santa Marta, where Doglioni recounts that she amazed visitors with her intellectual
precocity and charm. At the same time, Doglioni tells us, Fonte attempted to teach herself Latin by
having her brother repeat his lessons to her on his return from school. Her earliest substantial
published work was the

Difference Between Knowledge And Shared Knowledge
The knowledge system of a society can be divided into two bodies of knowledge, shared and
personal knowledge. Shared knowledge is a knowledge that shared and group of individuals it is
also continually being contributed creating new forms of knowledge. While personal knowledge is
knowledge that someone gains through the own experiences and research. Now in the natural
sciences a scientist can further their personal knowledge through shared knowledge in how they can
learn and further improve their experiments by learning from those who have performed similar
ones. Now there are other instances such as with history. When you use primary sources, you are
using personal knowledge firsthand accounts of an event. Personal knowledge is then shared to
provide collective knowledge demonstrating that through personal knowledge one can further
shared knowledge and vice versa. This all leads to the question How does the interaction between
shared and personal knowledge allow for human progress? In history, there have been instances in
which an individual's own personal knowledge has been completely rejected to preserve the current
shared knowledge. Moments in history such as when martin Luther wrote his ninety–five theses
Luther penned a document attacking the Catholic Church's corrupt practice of selling "indulgences"
to absolve sin. His "95 Theses," (ap achiver). Which propounded two central beliefs–that the Bible
is the central religious authority and that humans may reach

Bernini And Borromini Essay
Thomas Thatcher
ARCH 429
15 April 2015
Bernini and Borromini: The Two Faces of the Baroque
Rivalry pushes man to become better, to improve, to try and reach incredible levels of perfection. In
art, rivalry between geniuses has often resulted in masterpiece. Indeed, it was a rivalry between two
men that shaped beautiful and modern nature of seventeenth century Baroque Rome. The story of
Bernini and Borromini, and their impacts on Baroque architecture, is one of the most dominant
periods of time in the history of Rome.
Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini spent their professional lives locked in a complex
rivalry that spans the duration of the seventeenth century. The profound differences between the
lives and personalities of these two, reflected in work still evident in Rome today, have been a
hotbed for debate and praise. Always a competition, Bernini and Borromini have produced some of
the most beautiful staples in Roman architecture, sculpture and space. The stark contrast in
fundamental design principle, shown most prominently in the sites of Borromini's San Carlo alle
Quattro Fontane, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Passionate for his work, Bernini was seen as charming, and a man of his word. Amongst Rome's
most wealthy and powerful, any project he set hands on was met with satisfaction. Bernini's skillset
did not end with architecture, he was also a fantastic sculptor, painter, and playwright. His dramatic
artistic value was the focal point of his work, by telling a story throughout a critical iteration of
design decisions. With a style of sculpture that could breathe life into its contextual surroundings,
many state that Bernini is one of the most renowned artists in the history of Rome, amongst names
like Michelangelo. Bernini viewed architecture as a stage, using art, sculpture and lighting to create
a spiritual experience. He used a sense of drama to aid his designs and heighten emotional

The Medici Of Great Modern Art
The Medici could be regarded as the very first inveterate collectors of great modern art, with their
complicated emotions involved, such as their guilt, ambition of authority, and sexual lust. In the end,
the Medici did not only collect paintings and sculptures; they had changed the very nature of art
itself. Art had been transformed from serving Christianity to personal collecting purpose. Francesco
I de' Medici's Studiolo could be marked as a sign of art as personal preference rather than being
used on other larger perspectives. Following up his father Cosimo de' Medici's artistic projects,
Francesco has led them to an ultimate conclusion and a glorious beginning. According to the name
of Studiolo, we could infer that this is a place for collecting and displaying one's rare, precious
curiosities. The Studiolo was commissioned by Francesco I de' Medici, who also known as the
Grand Duke of Tuscany. Being different from his ancestors, Francesco was only interested in
searching bizarre and fascinating art pieces for his own eyes. Francesco was obsessed amassing
exotic objects for his whole life. Thus, he has built himself a private chamber to store his own
collections. The death of the republicanism brought a turning point for the Medici in 1532. In 1564,
when Francesco's father, Grand Duke Cosimo, the First handed over control of the government to
him, he became the prince regent. Though "Francesco I de' Medici has not played a highlighting
role in the history, and even

Saint Name: Saint Clare Of Assisi
When faced with choosing a saint name, the amount of options to choose from were overwhelming.
To narrow it down a bit, I went to several family members to see what they had chosen. However, I
decided I didn't want to use a name just because of the way it sounds, rather what the saint stood for.
This is why I was immediately drawn to Saint Clare of Assisi. Not only is it the name of my
grandmother, but she inspires me to live my life in a simple manner. Once Saint Clare had heard
Saint Francis preach, she left her home and life for Jesus. Her hair was cut off and she lived as a
nun, all while refusing to leave home. Clare spent her life without much food and without a great
standard of living, but she did not notice or care. To her, her life

The Rule Of The Franciscan Order
The Rule of the Franciscan Order
Francis of Assisi is an icon of poverty and reform in the Catholic Church, because his lifestyle
encouraged the Church and especially the hierarchy of his time to change almost entirely. He can be
perceived as a prophet of his time who revolutionized from his very being a drastic change, because
with his life as an example he went from words to actions. Francis was born into a wealthy family in
Assisi; he had everything a boy of his time could ask for. Francis experienced some time alone in a
prison cell, it was after that time that he begins to feel dissatisfaction with kind of life he was living
and began to grow a spiritual maturation.
Francis received a revelation about his mission and found that the key to his life was his
uncompromising attempt to imitate Christ through absolute poverty, humility and simplicity.
Medieval Sourcebook: The Rule of the Franciscan Order is a source found at Fordham University
online sourcebooks. The source has as the main focus "The Rule of the Franciscan Order". It gives
details in regards to the history of the founding of the order and what was the major contribution of
St. Francis in establishing "the order of the lesser brothers". St. Francis was the lead figure which
made him a venerable personality in the Middle Ages. The Franciscan order was founded by St.
Francis of Assisi. Although there were other movements created at the time, almost unwittingly
Francis became the leader of this Christian

Saint Francis of Assisi biography
Saint Francis was born c. 1181 in Assisi, duchy of Spoleto, Italy. Francis's death was October 2,
1226 in Assisi, Italy. He was known as the saint who left behind a life of luxury who devoted his life
to God after hearing the call from him to rebuild the church and live a life of poverty.
When he was young St Francis was a drinker and partier. He fought in the battle between Assisi and
Perugia and was captured and spent almost a year in prison, he was in prison simply because he was
held for ransom, and his wealthy family was to pay a randsom to have him released. In all he was in
prison for a year and this is where he apparently began receiving visions from God. After his release
he got the call, and devoted

The Spectacular Baptism Of Christ
"The Spectacular Baptism of Christ" Baptism of Christ is a painting created by Francesco Albani
from 1630 to 1635. ("Baptism of Christ – Francesco Albani – The Athenaeum." Baptism of Christ").
In this painting there is an image of the baptism of Christ and all of its surroundings. The reason for
the creation of this portrait, is because Francesco Albani was influenced by the Council of Trent
during the time he created this painting. The painting has a description of what seems to look like a
half–naked person who is surrounded by what looks like a body of water and has another person
pouring some type of liquid on top of his head. This image is the center importance of the peace
because it's what's closer to the audience and doesn't fade into the background. It looks like the main
focus of this painting is literally in the center of the piece. Anyone that were to ever view this
painting could tell from the beginning that the overall view of this content is pathos. In the main
section of the painting, there is an image of a person who is getting poured some type of liquid over
their head. In this image, we can see the person in the center with no shirt on, and they have a small
blue robe type of clothing tied below their waist. Around this person there are two figures with
wings, they are wearing mini white gowns and their wings are white also. There is a person next to
the wing like figures, that is pouring some type of liquid above the other person, this other human
like

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