1. Basics of Civil Engineering
(Electrical Engineering 1st year )
Various ingredients of concrete, different grades of concrete, water
cement ratio, workability, physical/field testing of concrete, mixing of
concrete, placing and curing of concrete..concrete, placing and curing of concrete..
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3. Ingredients of Concrete
• Cement - A cement is a binder, a finely
powdered mixtures of inorganic compounds
that sets and
• hardens and can bind other materials together
when combined with water.when combined with water.
• Cements used in construction can be
characterized as being either hydraulic or non-
hydraulic,
• depending upon the ability of the cement to be
used in the presence of water.
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23. Physical /Field Testing of Concrete
• Here are 6 common quality tests on concrete before and
after completion of casting on site.
• Slump test before leaving the batching plant and on arrival
on site. ...
• Compressive strength test. ...• Compressive strength test. ...
• Water Permeability test. ...
• Rapid Chloride Ion Penetration Test. ...
• Water Absorption Test. ...
• Initial Surface Absorption Test.
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24. Slump Cone Test
This is to determine the workability of concrete in
terms of slump test. After batching the
concrete, a sample of fresh concrete shall be
taken to test for slump tests and the samples fortaken to test for slump tests and the samples for
compressive strength test be taken too. This is
to make sure that the batched concrete is
complying with the mix design before it’s
released from the batching plant.
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25. Compressive strength test
Three samples of cubes or cylinders shall be taken
for compressive strength test, but it is not
commonly three samples, sometimes it is two
depend on the specification. You might ask why
sometimes there is extra of one sample? Good
that you asked. This one sample extra shall be
sometimes there is extra of one sample? Good
that you asked. This one sample extra shall be
tested “if!” the two cubes or cylinders samples
are tested from the three and if it is failed and the
remaining sample is passed. If the consultant is
not satisfied with the result (definitely not!) and
he wishes to test the extra one. It shall be tested
in 60 days.
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26. Water Permeability test
A water permeability test is one of the tests to
determine the durability of concrete.
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27. Rapid Chloride Ion Penetration Test
Like water permeability test, this is also one of
the tests to determine the durability of
concrete. Three cubes shall be taken from
fresh concrete delivered on site and tested atfresh concrete delivered on site and tested at
28 days age.
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28. Water Absorption Test
This test is done to determine the durability of
concrete. The three cube sample shall be taken
from the delivered fresh concrete and kept it in
the curing tank for 28 days or after 24 hours
the concrete sample would be demoulded andthe concrete sample would be demoulded and
it will be sent directly to the approved third-
party laboratory to ensure its curing. The size
of the cube sample is 150 mm and tested .
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29. Initial Surface Absorption Test
Three cubes samples shall be taken from the fresh
concrete delivered on site. It shall be cured and
placed inside the curing tank for 28 days prior to
testing.
The water permeability test, Rapid Chloride IonThe water permeability test, Rapid Chloride Ion
Penetration test, water absorption test, and the
initial surface absorption test tests to determine
the durability of concrete. To determine its ability
to resist weathering action, chemical attack and
any process of deterioration.
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