Civil Engineering Structural Design

1. Effect of Waste Coarse Rubber on the
Fresh Properties of
Self-Compacting Soncrete.
GRADUATION PROJECT
BY
ÖMER ACAR
SUPERVISOR
ASST.PROF.DR.ERHAN GÜNEYİSİ

2. Introduction
 The purpose of this project is to investigate self-compacting concrete with
waste coarse rubber .So this experiment will show us waste or recycled
materials how can they use as an aggregate and results will be satisfied.
And self-compacting concrete’s benefits for the future’s construction
industry.Then we investigate first stage of experiment which is waste and
recycled materials.

3. Use of waste in concrete:
 Research efforts has been done to match society’s need for safe and economic disposal of waste
materials.
 The use of waste materials saves natural resources and dumping spaces, and helps to maintain a clean
environment.
 The current concrete construction practice is thought unsustainable because, not only it is consuming
enormous quantities of stone, sand, and drinking water, but also two billion tons a year of Portland
cement, which releases green-house gases leading to global warming.
 Experiments has been conducted for waste materials like- rubber tyre, e-waste, coconut shell, blast
furnace slag, waste plastic, demolished concrete constituents, waste water etc.
 Construction waste recycle plants are now installed in various countries but they are partly solution to
the waste problems.

4. SCC and EFNARC
SCC(self-compacting concrete)
Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC), which flows under its own weight and
does not require any external vibration for compaction, has
revolutionized concrete placement.
SCC, was first introduced in the late 1980’s by Japanese researchers, is
highly workable concrete that can flow under its own weight through
restricted sections without segregation and bleeding.

5. FATHER OF SCC TECHNOLOGY
Prof.Dr.Hajime Okamura
 Developed Self compacting concrete in 1986 in JAPAN.
 Currently President of Kochi University of Technology .
 CANMET/ACI AWARD for Outstanding contributions
in the development of SELF COMPACTABLE HIGH
PERFORMANCE CONCRETE (1995) .
OKAMURA solved the issue of degrading quality of concrete construction due to
lack of compaction by the employment of SCC which is independent of the quality
of construction work.

6. PROPERTIES of SCC
 Filling ability (excellent deformability) - flows easily at suitable speed into
formwork
 Passing ability (ability to pass reinforcement without blocking) -passes through
reinforcements without blocking
 High resistance to segregation- the distribution of aggregate particles remains
homogeneous in both vertical and horizontal directions
 Static segregation due to gravity, vertical direction
 Dynamic segregation due to flow, horizontal direction

7. MEASUREMENT of SCC in FRESH STATE
Slump Flow Test
 Slump flow test is used to find the filling ability of the SCC.
 The SCC sample is poured in to the slump cone then the slump flow
diameter is measured.
 The flow time is measured & that is know as T50 slump time.
 The higher the slump flow value, the greater its ability to fill formwork under its own
weight.

10. L-Box Test
 The L-Box test is used to find the passing ability of SCC.
 The SCC sample is poured in to the L-Box apparatus, now the plate is removed to allow
flow.
 The L-box ratio is calculated as H2/ H1.
 According to EFNARC , when the ratio of h2 to h1 is larger than 0.8, self compacting
concrete has good passing ability.

12. Test Procedure

13. V-Funnel Test
 The V-Funnel test is used to find the Segregation Resistance of SCC.
 The SCC sample is poured in to the V-Funnel apparatus, now its allowed to flow by its
weight.
 The emptying time of V-Funnel is noted.

14. Test Aparatus

15. Test Procedure

16. ADVANTAGES of SCC
 Elimination of problems associated with vibration.
 Faster construction
 Improves working conditions and productivity in construction industry.
 Greater freedom in design.
 Less noise from vibrators and reduced danger from hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS).
 Ease of placement results in cost savings through reduced equipment and labour requirement.
 Improves the quality, durability, and reliability of concrete structures due to better compaction
and homogeneity of concrete.
 Reduced wear and tear on forms from vibration.
 Reduced permeability.

17. DİSADVANTAGES of SCC
 More precise measurement and monitoring of the constituent materials.
 Requires more trial batches at laboratory as well as at ready-mixed concrete plants.
 Costlier than conventional concrete based on concrete material cost (exception to
placement cost).
 Lack of globally accepted test standards and mix designs
 More stringent requirements on the selection of materials .

18. EFNARC
EFNARC is the European federation dedicated to specialist construction chemicals
and concrete systems. It was founded in March 1989 as the European federation of
national trade associations representing producers and applicators of specialist
building products. Membership has since widened and now includes many of the
major European companies who have no national trade association to represent their
interests either at national or European level. EFNARC members are active throughout
all the countries of Europe.

19. EFNARC’s Relation with SCC
 A Technical Committee on "Self Compacting Concrete" (SCC) was formed by EFNARC in 1999 to
produce industry Guidelines and Specifications on specialty products for SCC.
 The first guidelines were produced in 2001 and updated in 2002. The document defined Self
Compacting Concrete as 'Concrete that is able to flow under its own weight and completely fill the
formwork, even in the presence of dense reinforcement, without the need of any vibration, whilst
maintaining homogeneity'.
 The SCC guidelines 2002 are available as a free download. They were mainly aimed at the
producer and covered:
 Constituent materials , including cement, admixtures, additions, fibres, aggregates
 Performance requirements for SCC, in fresh and hardened state
 Mix design and basic criteria
 Production
 Quality Control and conformity criteria
 Annexes on test methods and reference mixes.

20. Materials and Methods
 Materials
 Water
 Cement
 Fly Ash
 Silica Fume
 Superplasticizers
 Aggregate
 Medium
 Coarse
 Rubber(waste coarse rubber)
 Sand

21. Analysis Report (%) Cemen
t
Fly ash
CaO 62.58 4.24
SiO2 20.25 56.20
Al2O3 5.31 20.17
Fe2O3 4.04 6.69
MgO 2.82 1.92
SO3 2.73 0.49
K2O 0.92 1.89
Na2O 0.22 0.58
Loss on ignition 3.02 1.78
Specific gravity 3.15 2.25
Specific surface area
(m2/kg)
326 379
Properties High range water reducer admixture
Name Glenium 51
Color tone Dark brown
State Liquid
Specific gravity 1.07
Chemical description Polycarboxylic-ether

22. Spesific Gravities of Materials
Cement 3,15
Fly Ash 2,25
Silica Fume 2,25
Natural Sand 2,39
Medium 2,66
Coarse 2,64
Rubber 0,95
SP 1,07

23. Quantity of Materials
Binder w/b Water Fly ash Silica füme Cement SP Sand Medium Coarse Rubber
SF0R0 550 0,32 176 110 0 440 7,4 783,5 391,8 391,8 0,0
SF0R10 550 0,32 176 110 0 440 7,3 783,7 352,7 391,8 14,0
SF0R20 550 0,32 176 110 0 440 7,1 783,9 313,6 391,9 28,0
SF0R30 550 0,32 176 110 0 440 6,9 784,1 274,5 392,1 42,0
SF0R40 550 0,32 176 110 0 440 6,6 784,5 235,3 392,2 56,0

24.  Waste Coarse Rubber is a waste of plastic but it is
not tyre waste.It is also a waste when you burn it , it
is harmful for air and nature .So we use it in concrete
to bury it and help the nature.

25. Mix Design and Method
 The mixing sequence and duration are very important in the SCC production. For
this reason, mixing and batching procedure recommended by Khayat et al was
followed in this study in order to obtain the same homogeneity and uniformity in
all SCCs.According to this procedure we poured fine and coarse aggregates in a
power driven revolving pan mixer and allowed to mix it about 30 seconds.Then
about %50 of water was poured in the mix of aggregates and mixed it about one
minute.In this one minute aggregates absorbed water.Afterthat we added powder
materials cement and fly ash then mix them with wet aggregates another minute.
After SP was mixed with remaining water was poured into the mixer, the
concrete was mixed for 3 minutes. Finally, the concrete was mixed for additional
2 min to complete the production.If there is any bubbling surface of the hardened
cement paste then it is ok to continue the experiment but If not then you have to
do it again. We got the bubblings after a few experiments.After we got what we
wanted the sample was poured in the moulds.The samples was taken out after 1
day casting and the were putted in the curing pool then it was tested.

26. Conclusion
 This experiment must continue and manufacturing this immediately.Firstly we tried to have the
right sample of experiment .So that we failed maybe three times in a raw and we didnt get
bubbling surface the hardened cement paste.Then when we got the bubbling but this time rubber
particles went out of surface.Alsa that was a fail.Finally we got the right sample of experiment we
got right percentage of cement,fly ash,rubber and SP then we had our SCC sample. Then we did
some test like Slump flow,L-box or V-funnel tests.Slump flow test generally gave the results of
70-75 cm and it was good for SCC. Afterthat we filled the moulds without vibrations.That means
we did one of the most important experiment for construction industry.After one day we got out
the samples and put in the curing pool then did some test which showed the recycle materials such
as waste coarse rubber can do the normal aggregates jobs.So this project is very important for
nature and construction industry both.And I m glad to be a part of this Project this lab process.
 When self-compacting concrete becomes so widely used that it will be seen as the
“standard concrete” rather than as a “special concrete,” we will have succeeded in creating
durable and reliable concrete structures requiring very little maintenance work.

27. THANK YOU