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B2 spirit
1. CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
WORKING MODEL OF B-2 SPIRIT
Submitted By:
Jujhar Singh(17BAS1017)
Gurpreet Singh(17BAS1058)
Sanjay Garg(17BAS1075)
Manthan Modi(17BAS1083)
Aayush Triphati(17BAS1086)
Chandigarh University, Gharuan
2. CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY
DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the project entitled “working Model of B-2 spirit” is an authentic
record of our own work as requirements of project during the period from 01/09/2019 to
01/10/2019 for the award of course credits (Aerospace Engineering), chandigarh university,
under the guidance of sabiha Mam.
Jujhar Singh(17BAS1017)
Gurpreet Singh(17BAS1058)
Sanjay Garg(17BAS1075)
Manthan Modi(17BAS1083)
Aayush Triphati(17BAS1086)
4. CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY
INTRODUCTION
The Northrop (later Northrop Grumman) B-2 Spirit, also known as the Stealth
Bomber, is an American heavy strategic bomber, featuring low
observable stealth technology designed for penetrating dense anti-aircraft defenses;
it is a flying wing design with a crew of two.[1][4] The bomber can deploy
both conventional and thermonuclear weapons, such as up to eighty 500-pound
class (230 kg) Mk 82 JDAM Global Positioning System-guided bombs, or sixteen
2,400-pound (1,100 kg) B83 nuclear bombs. The B-2 is the only acknowledged
aircraft that can carry large air-to-surface standoff weapons in a stealth configuration.
The B-2 is capable of all-altitude attack missions up to 50,000 feet (15,000 m), with a
range of more than 6,000 nautical miles (6,900 mi; 11,000 km) on internal fuel and
over 10,000 nautical miles (12,000 mi; 19,000 km) with one midair refueling. It
entered service in 1997 as the second aircraft designed to have advanced stealth
technology after the Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk attack aircraft. Though designed
originally as primarily a nuclear bomber, the B-2 was first used in combat dropping
conventional, non-nuclear ordnance in the Kosovo War in 1999. It later served
in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Libya.
6. CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY
THEORY
After all our calculations,the NACA of Aircraft cam to be 0018. The NACA
airfoils are airfoil shapes for aircraft wings developed by the National Advisory
Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). The shape of the NACA airfoils is described
using a series of digits following the word "NACA". The parameters in the numerical
code can be entered into equations to precisely generate the cross-section of the
airfoil and calculate its properties.
The NACA 0018 airfoil is symmetrical, the 00 indicating that it has no camber. The
18 indicates that the airfoil has a 18% thickness to chord length ratio: it is 18% as
thick as it is long.
A flying wing is a tailless fixed-wing aircraft that has no definite fuselage. The crew,
payload, fuel, and equipment are typically housed inside the main wing structure,
although a flying wing may have various small protuberances such as
pods, nacelles, blisters, booms, or vertical stabilizers.
A clean flying wing is sometimes presented as theoretically the
most aerodynamically efficient (lowest drag) design configuration for a fixed wing
aircraft. It also would offer high structural efficiency for a given wing depth, leading to
light weight and high fuel efficiency.
A bomber is a combat aircraft designed to attack ground and naval targets by
dropping air-to-ground weaponry (such as bombs), firing torpedoes and bullets, or
deploying air-launched cruise missiles.
Stealth aircraft are designed to avoid detection using a variety of technologies that
reduce reflection/emission of radar, infrared, visible light, radio frequency (RF)
spectrum, and audio, collectively known as stealth technology. Well-known modern
examples of Russian and U.S. stealth aircraft include the Russian's Sukhoi Su-57,
the United States' F-117 Nighthawk (1981–2008), the B-2 Spirit, the F-22
Raptor, and the F-35 Lightning II.
Elevons or tailerons are aircraft control surfaces that combine the functions of
the elevator (used for pitch control) and the aileron (used for roll control), hence the
name. They are frequently used on tailless aircraft such as flying wings. An elevon
that is not part of the main wing, but instead is a separate tail surface, is
a stabilator (but stabilators are also used for pitch control only, with no roll function.
Elevons are installed on each side of the aircraft at the trailing edge of the wing.
When moved in the same direction (up or down) they will cause a pitching force
(nose up or nose down) to be applied to the airframe. When moved differentially,
(one up, one down) they will cause a rolling force to be applied. These forces may be
applied simultaneously by appropriate positioning of the elevons e.g. one wing's
elevons completely down and the other wing's elevons partly down.
