The document discusses computer fundamentals including defining computers and their uses. It describes the main types of computers as microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframes, and supercomputers. The basic structure of a computer is also outlined including input, output, storage, and processing devices. Finally, the internal components of a personal computer like the CPU, motherboard, RAM, storage, and power supply are identified.
2. Chapter Objectives
Explain the Computer and its applications
Explain the Different types of computer
Explain the Basic structure of computer
Explain the Internal components of a computer
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3. Computer
Computer is an electronic device that receives data,
processes the data according to the set of
instructions, stores data and gives the desired output.
Computer is used to perform various mathematical
calculations and financial transactions quickly
We can also use the computer for entertainment,
such as watching movies using DVDs, listening to
music using CDs and MP3s.
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4. Types of Computer
There are four main types of computers, namely
Microcomputers, Minicomputers, Mainframes, and
Supercomputers.
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5. Microcomputer
Microcomputer is a digital computer that works on a
microprocessor. It is also known as personal computer
The microcomputer is also widely used for entertainment
purpose as well as playing games, listening music, and
watch movies.
The Microcomputer is also widely used to access the
Internet
Benefits of Microcomputers are:
Small Size
Low Cost
Portable
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6. Minicomputer
Minicomputer is a midsized multiprocessing and
multi-user computer
The minicomputer is a medium range computer
Examples of minicomputer are Open Mini Pc, Fit-PC,
MSI Mini PC etc
It is used in business organizations for the
maintenance of accounts and financial data and
applications.
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7. Mainframe
Mainframes computers are used to serve as the
center of large systems in companies
Mainframe computers are also known as enterprise
servers
Mainframes are very large and expensive computers
Example of Mainframe computers is IBM System z10
Mainframes.
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8. Supercomputer
Supercomputer is the fastest and most expensive type
of computer
Applications that use large amounts of calculations use
supercomputers. Some of these applications are
molecular chemistry, nuclear research, weather reports,
and advanced physics
Supercomputer can be a single or multiple computer
system
Examples of supercomputer are Cray Jaguar, IBM
Roadrunner, IBM NORC etc.
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9. Applications of Computer
Applications of Computer are :
Word Processing :- It is the most widely used
computer application which is used to create, edit
and print documents using the computer program
known as Word Processor.
Eg. Microsoft Word, WordPerfect, and Lotus WordPro
Spreadsheets :- it is a computer application that
represents a table consisting of cells i.e. rows and
columns.
Eg. MS Excel, Lotus 1-2-3, Quattro Pro, and Open
office.org i.e. open calc
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10. Database :- It is a collection of data in an
organized manner by managing, rearranging and
adding the information.
Eg. MS Access, Oracle, SQL Server, MySql, etc..,
Graphics :- It is a computer application that deals
with pictures, i.e. static, moving, flat or 3D.
Eg. Adobe Photoshop
Web browsers :- It is a computer application used
for retrieving, presenting and traversing
information by navigating the World Wide Web.
Eg. Internet Explorer
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11. Question for GD Time Limit – 5mins
What are the different types of computers and
what are their applications?
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12. Basic structure of Computer
The Basic structure of a computer includes various
units such as
Input Device
Output Device
Storage Device
Processing Device
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13. Input device:- It is the computer unit that sends
data and set of instructions to the computer
system. The most commonly used input devices
are keyboard, mouse and scanner.
Output device:- A device that is used to display
or produce output is known as output device.
Many devices are used to display the output such
as monitors and printers
Storage device:- It stores the data of the
computers. Many devices are used to store data
such as disk floppy disks, pen drives, external
hard disks etc.
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14. Processing device :- The main function of the
computer is to process data. The processing
device of the computer is the processor commonly
known as Central Processing Unit (CPU). The
processor comprises of two units ALU and CU
Arithmetic and Logic Unit:- It performs operations
like addition, multiplication, division, comparison of the
numbers.
Control Unit:- Control unit controls the other units
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15. Question for GD Time Limit – 2mins
What is the basic structure of computer?
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16. Internal components of PC - I
The internal components of a PC include
CPU :- It is termed as the brain
of the Computer. The two distinct
Components of a CPU are Arithmetic
Logic Unit that carries out the logical
and arithmetic operations and the Control
Unit that decodes and performs the instructions
extracted from the memory,
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17. Internal components of PC - II
Motherboard:- It is most
important component of a system. It
contains interface for the
microprocessor, memory and storage
devices.
RAM:- It is semiconductor-based
memory where the CPU or the other
hardware devices can read /write the
data Its store data temporarily. It is
also known as volatile memory.
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18. Internal components of PC - III
Storage devices:- it is a long-term
memory such as hard disk that
stores all the content of the system
permanently.
Power supply :- it is a device that
transfers electrical energy from the
Source to the load using electronic
Circuits. It accepts the AC power
from the socket and converts it to
DC power for the system.
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19. Question for GD Time Limit – 2mins
What are the internal components of a
computer?
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20. Summary - I
The Computer is an electronic machine that accepts
data, processes it on the basis of some instructions
and produces an output
The different types of computers are Microcomputers,
Minicomputers, Mainframes and Supercomputers
Applications of Computer consists Word Processing,
Spreadsheets, Database, Graphics, Web browsers,
Games etc
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21. Summary II
The basic structure of a PC includes various units
such as data input, storage, data processing and
output
The internal components of a PC include CPU,
Motherboard, RAM, Storage devices and Power
supply to perform various functions.
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22. Mind Map
Draw a mind map to summarize this chapter
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