fundamentals of computer

2.  LAPTOP-गोद कं प्यूटर
 Desktop-टेबल कं प्यूटर
 Palmtop-हथैली कं प्यूटर

3.  Computer is an electronic device that stores,
retrieves, and processes data, and can be
programmed with instructions. A computer is
composed of Hardware and Software.

4.  Monitor
 Keyboard
 Mouse
 System unite (CPU)

5.  A computer provides three basic benefits:
 Speed: Computers work at very high speeds and are
much faster than human.
 Accuracy: Computers rarely make mistakes. In fact,
most computer errors are caused by human faults.
 Diligence: Unlike humans, computers simply do not get
board or tired.

6. INPUT  PROCESSING  OUTPUT
Processing
Input output
10 + 20 = 30
(Data) (Information)Searching

7. INPUT DEVICE OUTPUT DEVICE
1. KEYBOARD 1. VDU (Monitor)
2. MOUSE 2. PRINTER
3. MICROPHONE 3. SPEAKER
4. JOYSTICK 4. HEAD PHONE
5. SCANNER
6. WEB CAMERA

8.  MOUSE :- A Mouse is an input device There are
many types of mouse like Optical Mouse and Ball
Mouse.
 Ball Mouse Optical Mouse

9.  The Keyboard is a input device. This is a
components that closely resemble a typewriter
console. The keyboard provides different keys to
perform various operations.

10.  Data that has been processed needs to be
displayed to the user. This is done using the
monitor or the VDU. The VDU is similar to a TV
screen and can display both text and graphic
images. The display can be either in black & white
or color.
 CRT Monitor LCD Monitor
Cethord Ray Tube Liqued Cristal Display

11.  Printer is a output device. Using the printer, you
can obtain output on paper. The printers
commonly used with the, ink-jet and the laser
printer.

12.  A Microphone is an input device that allows a user
to speak to the computer to enter data and
instructions into the computer or it is used to
record sound.

13.  A joystick is a pointing device with a vertical lever
mounted on a base. It is mainly used for computer
games and ultrasound scanners in hospitals.

14.  A scanner is a input device used to capture
information, such as, photographs and documents
on paper and translate the information into a raster
(bitmap) computer image.

15.  You can use speaker on a multimedia machine to
listen to the sound files, which can be audio,
recorded by a microphone or audio CDs.

16.  Motherboard :- The System Unit is the one of the
most important component of the System Unit.
This is the Heart of the Computer.
 CPU :- CPU is the Brain of the Computer and is
placed inside the System Unit. There are many
models of CPU like…
I. Pentium I
II. Pentium II
III. Pentium III
IV. Pentium IV

17.  When you open the system unit, a large board
containing of tiny electronic circuits components are
visible. The components of the motherboard are.
I. Chipset
II. Microprocessor
III. Clock chip
IV. Rom chip
V. Memory: RAM and ROM
VI. Ports

18.  The Data is stored in storage devices for processing
data as well as for future references. There are two
type of Storage Device.
 Primary Storage Device :- The primary storage device
for a computer is Random Access Memory (RAM).
 Secondary Storage Device :- This is a permanently
storage memory. Like
1. Hard Disk
2. Floppy Disk
3. Compact Disk (CD)
4. Pen drive
5. Memory Card

19.  Components of the System Unit…
ROM CHIP

20.  The Internal power supply it called SMPS
 SMPS convert the AC input into DC output.
 SMPS provides cable connectors to supply the
required voltage to other internal components
like the Hard disk, CD drive and external device
such as Keyboard and Mouse.

21.  The SMPS has a small Fan, called Exhaust Fan,
Its function is to cool the SMPS unit.

22.  We have many Storage device in our
computer like…
I. FLOPPY DISK
II. HARD DRIVE
III. CD-ROM SYSTEM
 These are permanently (Secondary) storage
Device.

23.  The internal memory of a PC is present on the
motherboard in the form of chips. The computer used
two types of internal memory.
I. RAM (Random Access Memory)
II. ROM (Read Only Memory)
 RAM :-This is the memory that the computer use for
storing the programs and their data while working on
them. So, if you are drafting a latter using a word
processor, such as MS WORD, you are working with a
document loaded into the RAM.

24.  Floppy disk is a storage device, this is a secondary
storage device. This is a non- volatile memory.
 Floppy Disks come in two sizes. Its covered with a
square protective jacket.

25.  The Hard Disk is collection of the disk known as
platters. Hard disk located inside the system unit.
 Hard disk is a non-volatile memory.
 The hard disk is a high storage capacity disk and is
permanently placed inside the system unit.

26.  CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory) is a
very popular storage medium. This is a secondary
storage device. To read a CD, you need an input
device called CD-ROM drive. You can make the
data CD, photo CD, Video CD.

27.  A Computer uses its software to store, process, and
retrieve information. Computer software can be divided
into two types,
I. Application Software
II. System software
 Application software refers to the software that
enables user to perform specific task. For example,
MS Word is used to create and edit document.
 System software refers to the software that enables a
computer to function. For example, Windows
operating system.

28. These are other helpful
tools
Cut: This is used to cut things out of your
project
Copy: this is used to copy fromone portionof your project
to another
Paste: When you cut or copy something from
your project, it is put on an “imaginary”
clipboard. The paste button retrieves it from the
clipboard and places it in your project