This document discusses non-projected three-dimensional educational aids. It defines objects, specimens, models, mock-ups, moulages, dioramas and puppets as types of three-dimensional aids. Models are further classified as solid and simplified, cross-section, working, sand and scale models. The document outlines advantages like concreteness and disadvantages like expense and storage needs for various three-dimensional aids. It provides instructions for preparing exhibits, puppets and other aids effectively.

1. Basic. Bsc Degree Course in Nursing
II year
Unit VII - Educational Media
Non- Projected- Three Dimensional
Aids
Mrs. G.Sumathi, Clinical Instructor
Jenny's college of Nursing, Trichy.

2. OBJECTIVE
Introduction about Non projected aids & 3 dimensional
aids.
Describe 3 dimensional aids.
Classification of 3 dimensional aids.
Explain in detail about the types of 3 dimensional aids.
Advantages and Disadvantages of 3 dimensional aids.
Principle to follow while prepare the 3dimensional aids.

3. INTRODUCTION FOR NON PROJECTED
AIDS
Non projected visual are those aids which are
used without any projection. So they translate
abstract ideas into a more realistic format. They
allow instruction to move from verbal
representation to more concrete level.

4. INTRODUCTION
Three Dimensional models are used with great
effectiveness as teaching aids. Concepts can be
much more readily understood when significant
relationships and ideas are simplified,
exaggerated, and presented as working models.

5. MEANING
A model is a three dimensional recognized
imitation of an object. A model may be same size
as the object it represents or it can be smaller or
large. It can be handle and seen from a number
of angles.

6. CLASSIFICATION OF THREE DIMENSIONAL
AIDS

7. Audio Visual Aids
Non Projective Aids
3 Dimensional aids
Objects & Specimen
Models
Exhibit
Mock-Up
Moulage
Dioramas
Puppets

8. OBJECTS AND SPECIMEN

9. OBJECTS
DEFINITION
Collection of real things for instructional use is
called as objects.

10. SPECIMEN
DEFINITION:
A specimen is a sample of real object or materials
taken from the natural setting. It is a simple that
show quality or structure.

11. Sources of Specimen And Objects
Local Markets.
Manufactures and Factories.
Discarded materials from house.
Plaster casts can be purchased.

12. POINTS TO BE REMEMBERED WHILE
USING SPECIMENS AND OBJECTS
Develop a purpose for using them.
Ask questions regarding student observations.
Clarify and detail about the structure of the
specimen or objects.
Provide opportunities for students to work with or to
manipulate.

13. ADVANTAGES OF OBJECTS AND
SPECIMENS
These are less abstract and more concrete.
It attracts learners attention.
Development of social skills and values
Make teaching lively.
Arouse interest in learning.
Students get a satisfaction while contributing
these to the school and teachers

14. DISADVANTAGES OF OBJECTS AND
SPECIMENS
Time consuming
Expensive
Space needed for storage
Maintenances should be done
Prone to possible damage
Some object have limitation in availability and
may not be easy to be found.

15. MODEL

16. MEANING
• Models are concrete objects ,some of them are
larger than the real objects and some of them are
small replicas of objects which are too large to be
seen as a whole ,can be prepared
(R.sudha)

17. MODELS
DEFINITIONS
A model is a recognizable representation of a real
thing three dimensionally, that is height ,width and
depth is felt as reality.
- K. BASAVANTHAPPA

18. PURPOSES
When real objects are too small or too large to
bring into the classroom.
To prevent subject matter involving the past and
the future.
Physical inaccessibility.
Abstract construction.
To explain processes.

19. SITUATIONS WHERE MODELS CAN BE USED
The real thing is not available in that season or
far away from the educational institutions
The real thing may be too big to brought to school
Real thing may cause physical harm
Too expensive
Real thing may be invisible to human vision

20. Solid
&
Simplified
Model
Cross
section
Model
Working
Model
Sand
Model
Scale
Model
Types of
Models

21. SOLID & SIMPLIFIED MODELS
It is the replica of an original things made with some
suitable material like clay, plaster of parise, wood,
iron ect…

22. Cut Way Or Cross Section Models
Inside of an object is visible. Immense value will be
observed in science.

23. Working Model
To demonstrate in a simple way of an operation or
process.

24. SAND MODEL
It is made by using sand, clay, saw dust.

25. SCALE MODELS
A correct idea of an object can be displayed.

26. MATERIALS USED IN MODEL
PREPARATIONS
Cardboard
Plastics
Wax
Plaster of paris
Wood
Clay
Thermocol

27. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF A MODEL
Accuracy.
Simplicity.
Utility.
Solidity.
Useful.

28. POINTS TO BE REMEMBER WHILE
PREPARATION OF MODELS
Identifying the purpose of model preparations
Being knowledgeable about the model
collection of materials
Proper planning
Making with exact measurement
Pretesting the models
Mounting and labeling the models

29. ADVANTAGES OF MODELS
Models help in simulating a real situations.
The size can be adjusted as needed.
Stimulate interest and capture attention.
Models simplifies the complex subject.
Working models helps to explain the action in a
real situation.
Still models are easy to make with discarded
materials.

30. DISADVANTAGES OF MODELS
Models are costly to purchase
Needs more storage place
 Useful for only small group teaching
Require skills and talents to prepare models
If models are built to scale. It could be time
consuming.

31. EXHIBIT
 It is an arrangement of
communication media designed
to inform the observer about a
subject.
 Educational exhibit offers in an
interesting and unique manner of
combining multiple media.
 Exhibit can arrange in a big
gatherings.

32. ADVANTAGES
Exhibitions inspire students to make exhibits
It give a sense of accomplishment and
achievement.
It couple information with pleasure.
It foster creative among students.

33. DISADVANTAGES
Require thorough preparation
Time Consuming
Require funds.

34. MOCK-UPS
Are special types of models which are focused on
a specific part of a whole object and are workable.
 It is intended to show the essential parts which
are made detachable.

35. MOULAGE
Mould can be made up of plastic material to
stimulate some life object.
Eg. Body which shows evidence of trauma
infection, disease, surgical intervention.

36. ADVANTAGES
It can avoid danger and loss of life.
Conditions can be varied and outcomes
investigated.
Critical situations can be investigated without
risk.
It is cost effective.
It can be slowed down to study behaviour more
closely.

37. DISADVANTAGES
Can be expensive and time consuming
Expensive to conduct simulation
Sometimes it is difficult to interpret the
simulation results.
Failure to identify objectives clearly up front.
Require good managerial input.

38. DIORAMA
 The term diorama is a Greek origin which
means “to see through”.
 A diorama is a three dimensional arrangements
of objects and models and cut outs to illustrate a
central theme or concepts
(R. Sudha)
Eg ;harvesting scene, planting trees scene

40. ADVANTAGES OF DIORAMAS
Adds interest and meaning to the lesson
Develop social skills
Information with pleasure
Develop students creativity
Help us to connections to the real world

41. DISADVANTAGES DIORAMAS
Time consuming
Highly expensive
Maintenance is needed
Easily damaged

42. PUPPETS

43. INTRODUCTION
A puppet is a manipulative doll dressed as a
character and the performer is a person termed
as puppeteer.

44. HISTORY OF PUPPETRY
Puppetry as an art from is believed to have its
roots in ancient cultures, more than 3000 years
old.
It is sometimes claimed that puppets were used
in the theater arts even before the advent of
human actors.
Evidences have show use of wooden puppets in
Egypt around 2000BC.
African ethnic groups are using puppets in ritual
dramas, in healing and hunting ceremonies till
now.

45. DEFINITION
Puppetry is an education cum entertaining aid in
which puppets manipulated by the performer is a
person termed as characters in a story to be
depicted.

46. PURPOSES OF PUPPETS
To motivate the
student.
To create
interest
To add sense of
humorPurposes

47. PRINCIPLES
Plays must be based on action rather than
words.
A puppet show should not have many
Characters (maximum 4).
Songs are speech from the back or recorded talk
are used.
The actual voices of men, women and children
can be limited.
There should be silent pauses in between the
dialogue.

48. USES OF PUPPETRY
 It develops effective listening and looking skills.
It develops group co-operation.
It promotes creative ability.
It develops feeling of security and confidence.
It promotes self expression
It promotes developmental learning in language
and fine arts.

49. TYPES
Hand & Glove
Puppet
Finger Puppet Stick Puppet Rod puppet
Shadow Puppet String Puppet Water dancing Puppet

50. HAND & GLOVE PUPPETRY
A puppets made of a hollow head sewn or glued
to material that fits over the head, concealing the
fingers and thumb, which manipulate it.

51. FINGER PUPPETRY
It is controlled by one or more fingers
that occupy the interior of the puppets.
Finger puppets are generally very
simple, consisting of a sheath that the
person wearing the puppet (the
puppeteer) inserts either one or two
fingers.

52. STICK PUPPETRY
Stick puppets are painted cardboard/ paper cut-
outs attached by sticks.

53. ROD PUPPETRY
They are flat cut out figures tacked t a stick, with one
or more movable parts and operated from below the
stage level by wire rods or slender sticks.
This form of puppetry now is found in mostly in West
Bengal and Orissa.

54. SHADOW PUPPETRY
Shadow puppets are figures
that are placed between a light
and screen.
Moving them creates the
illusion of moving images on
the screen.
An experienced puppeteer can
make figures appear to walk,
talk, fight and dance.
It is a popular form of
entertainment in countries all
over the world.

55. MARIONETTE OR STRING PUPPETRY
A category of puppet controlled from above by
rods or strings suspended from a hand- held
control; the bodies may be made of wood, fabric,
paper, foam, rubber.

56. WATER DANCEING PUPPETRY
History:
It’s a tradition that dates back as far the 11th
century when it originated in the village of the
Red River Delta area of northern Vietnam.
Today’s Vietnamese water puppetry is a unique
variation on the ancient Asian puppet tradition.

57. DEFINITION
The puppets are made out of
wood and then lacquered.
The shoe are performed in a
waist – deep pool
A large bamboo rod supports
the puppets under the water
and is used by the
puppeteers, who are normally
hidden behind a screen to
control them.

58. PREPARATION FOR PUPPET PLAY
Prepare a script for the play.
The story should involve conversation between
the character, it should be humorous and
entertaining.
Each message, idea or point of view should be
introduced and developed in a logical order.
Have a commentator introduce the characters
and make comments on the points brought out
in the play

59. CONT….
Keep the story simple and suitable to the audience.
Prepare puppets in a different characters identified for
the play.
Have the puppeteers who will handle the puppets
practice the play until they are comfortable with their
puppets.
Finished the play with the commentator asking
questions to the audience such as ‘what do you think?
‘who do you think is right.

60. ADVANTAGES
They boost active participating among students.
Getting attentions.
Fascination of the inanimate objects
Enjoyable and spontaneous learning experiences.
Students become more creative.

61. DISADVANTAGES
Time consuming .
It is expensive.
It requires skill in preparation and in
presentation.
It need group co-operation and co-ordination
Seating arrangement is to be managed carefully.

62. CONCLUSION
Three dimensional aids are nearest to living
experience. Simple classification of these aids
are object, specimen, models, mock-up, diorama
and puppets. Three dimensional has become a
useful and potentially transformative tool in a
number of different fields, including medicine.

63. POST EVALUATION TEST
SHORT NOTES (5x2=10)
1. Explain the types of model.
2. Uses of puppets.
SHORT ANSWER (2X5=10)
Define object.
Advantages of Moulage.
Purposes of puppets.
Write two disadvantages of exhibit.
What is mean by diorama.

64. REFERENNS
 B.T. basavantappas “A text book of Nursing
Education” first edition”, 2003,Jaypee Brothers
publication,NewDelhi
K.P Neeraja “A text book of Nursing Education” first
edition, 2003,Jaypee Brothers publication,NewDelhi
V2020eresource.org.
http://www.merriam-webster.
http://www.eg.bukne//.edu.
http://www.slideshare.net.
http://www.infoq.com.
http://www.wikipedia.org.