This document discusses proper hand hygiene and its importance. It begins by describing various parasites and diseases spread through contaminated hands, such as hookworms and typhoid fever. It then details the proper techniques for washing hands with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand sanitizers. Key reasons to wash hands include before eating or food preparation, after using the bathroom, and when hands are visibly dirty. Maintaining hand hygiene can significantly reduce the transmission of illnesses.

1. HAND HYGIENE
Dr.S.Sethupathy, M.D.,Ph.D.,
Professor and Head,
Division of Biochemistry,
Rajah Muthiah Medical College,
Annamalai University

2. Typhoid fever spread

3. Typhoid fever - Prevalence

5. Pot belly

6. Hookworm infestation
 Symptoms of hookworm infestation are an
enlarged abdomen and diarrhea.
 Worms can live up to 15 years in the
human body, and females can lay 10,000
to 25,000 eggs every day.
 In severe cases the number of parasites
may grow so large that the intestines
become blocked.

7. Life cycle of hookworms

8. Round worms

9. Whip worms

10. Tape worm

11. Micro organisms on the hand

12. Unwashed hands pressed on agar
growth medium

13. Micro organisms on the unwashed
hand

14. Microorganisms on the washed
hand with warm tap water

15. Microorganisms on the fingers
washed with soap water

16. Few microorganism on the hand
washed with soap and alcohol

21. Washing hands with soap and
water
o Before, during, and after preparing food
o Before eating food
o Before and after caring for someone who is
sick
o Before and after treating a cut or wound
o After using the toilet

22. Washing hands with soap and
water
o After changing diapers or cleaning up a child
who has used the toilet
o After blowing your nose, coughing, or
sneezing
o After touching an animal, animal feed, or
animal waste
o After handling pet food or pet treats
o After touching garbage

23. Nose, mouth, or eyes to hands
to others:
 Germs can spread to the hands by
sneezing, coughing, or rubbing the
eyes and then can be transferred to
other family members or friends.
 Simply washing your hands can help
prevent such illnesses as the common
cold or eye infections.

24. Hands to food:
 Usually germs are transmitted from
unclean hands to food by an infected food
preparer who didn’t wash his or her hands
after using the toilet.
 The germs are then passed to those who
eat the food.
 This is easily prevented by always washing
your hands after using the toilet and
before preparing food items.

25. Food to hands to food

26. Food to hands to food:
 Germs are transmitted from raw foods,
such as chicken, to hands while preparing a
meal.
 The germs on the hands are then
transferred to other uncooked foods, such
as salad.
 Cooking the raw food kills the initial
germs, but the salad remains
contaminated.

27. Child to other children

28. Germs through sneezing

30. Infected child to hands to
other children:
 Germs are passed from a child with
diarrhea to the hands of the parent
during diaper changing.
 If the parent doesn’t immediately
wash his or her hands, the germs that
cause diarrhea are then passed to
others.

31. Animals to people:
Wash your hands after
petting animals or
touching any surfaces
they come into contact
with.

32. How to wash our hands with soap
and water:
 Use soap and warm, running water.
 Keep fingers pointing down.
 Rub hands vigorously for 20 seconds.Wash all surfaces:
 Backs of hands
 Wrists
 Between fingers
 Tips of fingers
 Thumbs
 Under fingernails
 Dry vigorously with paper or clean cloth towel.
 Turn off faucet with towel and open door with towel.

33. HOW washing WORKS
The soap suspends the dirt and soils.
The friction motion helps pull dirt and greasy
or oily soils free from the skin.
Warm running water washes away suspended
dirt and soils that trap germs.
Final friction of wiping hands removes more
germs.

34. How to clean our hands with a
alcohol-based handrub:
 Apply a dime sized amount of
handrub gel to the palm of one
hand or use a alcohol- based
handrub wipe.
 Rub hands together covering all
surfaces of hands and fingers until
handrub is absorbed.

35.  How they work:
 Act quickly to kill microorganisms
 Reduce bacterial counts on hands
 Wash your hands with soap and
water when your hands are visibly
soiled.
 If soap and water is not available, use
alcohol-based handrub (wipes or
gel).

36.  Virus can be transferred from dry
smooth surface up to 20 minutes after
being contaminated.
 Some viruses can travel on droplets
through the air.
 E. coli, salmonella and other bacteria can
live up to two hours on surfaces like
doorknobs, keyboards, and tables.

37.  Bacteria doubles every 20 minutes.
 Five bacteria in a sandwich at 12:00
noon will total over 10 million by 7
pm.
 Microorganisms can build up
resistance to drugs (antibiotic
resistance) intended to kill them.
 Hot water will not kill bacteria—only
temperatures over 140 degrees can
kill them.

38. Sources of Germs
 229,000 germs per square inch on
frequently used faucet handles
 21,000 germs per square inch on
work desks
 1,500 on each square centimeter
of hands

39. High on the worst hiding places
list:
 Work desk
 Kitchen sink is worse than bathroom
 Dishcloth, sponge
 Garbage can
 Refrigerator
 Bathroom doorknob
 Keyboards
 Escalator handrails

40.  Shopping cart handles
 Picnic tables
 Light switches
 Remote controls
 Toys
 Bathroom cups
 Pens, pencils and crayons
 Pet cages

41. Benefit of hand hygiene
 24% fewer colds and 51% less stomach
upset.
 In daycare, the kids must wash their hands
every morning when they arrive..
 All the area parents may have touched
,must be disinfected.
 Result was 50% fewer illnesses at daycare.

42. Benefits of proper hand wash
 Reduces the number of people who
get sick with diarrhea by 31%
 Reduces diarrheal illness in people
with weakened immune systems by
58%
 Reduces respiratory illnesses, like
colds, in the general population by
21%

43. Saving Time and Money
 Hand washing avoids getting sick and
spreading illness to others.
 Increases productivity due to Less
time spent at the doctor’s office
 More time spent at work or school

44. Take home message
 Compulsory Hand wash before
eating, food preparation, after
toilet usage
 Follow proper hand wash
technique
 Promote proper hand wash
among others and children

45. Thank you