The Influence Of Queen Isabella In Spain

The Influence Of Queen Isabella In Spain
Wendy Wu
Ms. Buffum
World History – Period 3
14 May 2015
Ask any elementary school kid in the United States and they will probably be able to tell you that
Queen Isabella sent Christopher Columbus to find America. An iconic figure of the Renaissance, she
is often discussed on the subject matter of exploration; however, her prestige and significance go far
beyond that single act. Also commonly known as Queen Isabella the Catholic, she reigned from
1474 to 1504 and together with her husband King Ferdinand II of Aragón, united the Spanish
kingdoms and helped pave the way for Spain's golden age. Yet despite the importance of her
marriage to Ferdinand, Isabella was a sovereign queen in her own right, wielding immense power
and accomplishing tasks ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Though she may not have been out on the battlefields, it was her certainty of faith and her belief in
the divinity of her mission that drove the Spanish soldiers. Moreover, Isabella contributed
significantly to the success of the Granadan campaigns through practical contributions. She ensured
that supply lines ran smoothly and the Castilian forces were mustered due to her efforts. It was
Isabella who managed the financing of the war, thereby ensuring its continuance. She did everything
she could in the planning of the campaign to ensure Spanish victory, even though the practice of war
was inherently forbidden to her. During the actual operations, she stayed with the armies as much as
she was able, giving moral support and travelling with them. Through these sensible efforts, she
contributed to the war in ways that were critical to the success of the campaign. Going on more for
than a decade, Granada eventually surrendered after much armed conflict, sieges, and exploitations
of internal divisions of the ruling party. With Granada finally in her hands, for the first time in 800
years, the kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula became a united Spain. This achievement was only
barely surpassed by the age of exploration that Isabella set in
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Why Did The Spanish Reconquista
In 1492, the Spanish defeated the Moors, an inquisition took off and Christopher Columbus sailed to
the Americas. This paper will argue how the Spanish Reconquista resulted in the inquisition and the
expulsion of Jews and Moors in Medieval Spain. The sources that will be used are several primary
sources, and secondary sources. The Spanish Reconquista inspired the ideas of religious
nationalism, a common anti–Semitism among the Spanish people, the idea of a catholic state and
catholic rulers, and other practical and economic influences.
In 711 AD, Moors from North Africa crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and defeated the Christian
Vandals. The Moors gradually conquered most of the Iberian Peninsula, leaving only small un–
united Christian states in Northern Spain. Over the course of 700 years, those Christian states ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During this long–lasting Reconquista, there were long periods of war and peace. Over time, the
Christian kingdoms gradually defeated the Moors and took back all of Moorish Spain. After several
centuries, the Moors were at their weakest moment. No other caliph from North Africa, or the
Middle East could save the Moors. In 1469, the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon were united by the
marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. Soon, the Moors only had control of
the Kingdom of Granada. The Moors were extremely economically, politically and militarily weak.
In 1492, the last outpost of the Moors had fallen. Spain had captured Granada and finally brought an
end to the reconquest of Spain. During this period of time, there was more than a reconquering of
lands. There was an an inquisition and an expulsion of Jews and Moors from Spain. In 1478, Pope
Sixtus IV issued a bull that authorized Isabella and Ferdinand to appoint inquisitors in Castile for the
purpose of combating heresy. The Spanish Inquisition

King Of Spain Essay
"The independence of the Crown, its political neutrality and its wish to embrace and reconcile the
different ideological standpoints to enable it to contribute to the stability of our political system,
facilitating a balance with the other constitutional and territorial bodies, promoting the orderly
functioning of the State and providing a channel for cohesion among Spaniards." His Majesty King
Felipe VI Madrid, 19.6.2014. This is the moral that the spanish monarchy believes in. Spanish
royalty has dated way back and has influenced Europe in many ways. Ihe Monarchy in its different
conceptions and modes, has been the widespread form of government and is the institution holding
the utmost political power in Spain. The political and institutional history of Spain is, in part, the
history of its Monarchy and its kings and queens. The specific titles used by the Kings of Spain are
very important to the spanish culture. Together with the short title – King of Spain or of the Spains,
which makes summary reference to the Monarchy's place of origin, the grand or long title was used
officially in each reign up until the 19th century. Said long title explicitly mentioned the territories
and titles with which the Spanish monarch reigned, with which his ancestors had reigned or over
which he was considered to have legitimate rights. Some important kings in history were Sancho III
the Older, King of Navarre, in the 11th century brought together under his throne a substantial part
of

Essay on Las Casas
Based on the relacion by Las Casas, a short account of the destruction of the Indies: discuss the
arguments presented by the author on behalf of the native population. Evaluate the arguments, what
evidence did Las Casas omit from his account? Be specific and provide examples and references.
The arguments presented by Las Casas is in defense of the natives stating that if he can convince the
king of the wrongful doings of the Spaniards that they would pay for what they've done. The doings
of the Spaniards was a shock to Las Casas making him want to spend as long as he could defending
them. In the great kingdom and provinces of Peru, Las Casas states "the way the Spanish have
behaved has been an offence to God and a disservice to the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
All of his life he took the time to defend them to get rid of the encomienda and make the natives
equal with the Europeans. The Jesuit priests also helped Las Casas in defending the natives.
Las Casas basically says in every section how the natives were abused. In the introduction he says
that " the Indians were not chattels or goods; they were subjects of the Castilian crown our subjects
and our cassals as queen Isabella herself had phrased it. For the Spaniards to treat them like animals
was thus against God's laws, the laws of nature and a violation of the laws of Castile." Here is
basically saying that what the Spaniards are doing is wrong in Gods eyes and they will be punished.
Las Casas mentions that the natives were willing to endow the customs of the Christian faith. In
Cuba he mentions that kids died of hunger because their parents were shipped off to the mines. It
seems as though all his arguments are the same. We know that he doesn't like the way the natives are
treated but all the natives seem to die the same way in every country either enslaved, starved,
tortured, hunted down, or massacred.
Las Casas does not mention that natives had no immunities leaving them to die from diseases and
starvation, not to mention suicide, exhaustion from working in the mines, induced abortion, and the
killing of infants. In the section the province of Nicaragua he mentions that the mothers were even
killing their children and eating them

Comparison Of Ferdinand And Isabella Of Spain
Before the accession of Ferdinand and Isabella, Spain was fragmented into four different kingdoms;
Castile, Aragon, Navarre and Granada. They married in 1469 before either was on the throne but by
the death of King Henry IV, Isabella took the crown for Castile this in turn meant that the two
kingdoms became untied both Ferdinand and Isabella ruled in unison, this is uncommon as it was
supposed to one monarch, however the way they ruled together made them very successful. Their
motto being "Tanto monta, monta tanto" (They amount to the same). One of their main goals was to
enact administrative reforms. Firstly the Santa Hermandad (Holy Brotherhood) were set up in 1476
and took the role of police and judicial enactors. They also made a strict

Word Collision: Christopher Columbus and The Taino Natives
The swift sandy beaches of the Caribbean were once desolate and unknown rule by the natural
habitat of Taino natives whose sole existence revolved around primitive nature. These Virgin Islands
would be a critical and strategic discovery for the strengthening Spanish empire during the 15th
century under the rule of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabel of Castile . On October 1492, a man by the
name of Christopher Columbus would take the power of the Spanish crown to excellency and great
dominion over the new world. The lives of both the natives and the Spaniards would be
revolutionized and two completely different worlds would collide for the first time. The discovery of
the New World was masked by preconceptions, ancient interpretations of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Consequently, Columbus states that the Indians have a closer relationship to the lord based on their
lifestyle, selflessness, and kindness to strangers. Moreover, in this letter he also ascertains a degree
of innocence in the Indians while drawing a distinction amongst the Europeans advantageous
actions in the exchanges for broken objects for pieces of valuable gold. Throughout the letter,
Columbus describes his prohibition in the colonists to trade with the Indians since he deemed it
unfair to trade something worthless to the Spaniards for gold that would grant them and the crown
more wealth. Columbus' ulterior motives are dominated by the socio–cultural and religious
teachings of the Catholic Church. Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabel of Castile, both proclaimed as
God given kings, wanted full centralization of their established autocratic governance. The goal of
expansion into the western world would be to propagate the dominion of the Catholic Church and
the power of the Spanish empire to lands unknown to humanity at the time before the Portuguese
and other imminent powers. As a discoverer, Columbus was shaped by the crusading environment
he grew up in as well as the desire of annexation of land. The main paradox between the first
encounter is presented in the belief system of the Indians whom have faith in nature as their ruling
God, such beliefs are mirrored to those of the ancient Greeks and in the

The Spanish Empire: The Rise Of The Spanish Empire
The Rise of the Spanish Empire
During the Medieval Ages, the Iberian Peninsula was composed of different domains of which the
north was occupied by the Christian kingdoms and the Islamic kingdoms in the south. The peninsula
was a place of constant bloody war and sagacious politicking between kingdoms. The constant wars
virtually made the sufferings and wailings of the common people eternal until two excellent
monarchs of two contiguous Iberian kingdoms, heir–to–the–throne monarchs equal in beauty and
genius, were united in a marriage ceremony that cemented the alliance of the kingdom of Aragon
and the kingdom of Castille and Leon which became the primary catalyst of Spanish unity which
will be instrumental in the rise of Spain as an empire and for a time a leading state in whole of
Europe. These monarchs were Prince Ferdinand of the kingdom of Aragon and Queen Isabella of the
kingdom ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The accused people were urged to confess their heresy and to ask forgiveness. Sometimes torture
was used to make people admit to heresy. If they confessed, they were given minor punishment and
welcomed back into the Church. If they did not confess, or if they held to their beliefs, they were
turned over to the government authorities for punishment. Heretics might lose their property, be
exiled or imprisoned, or be executed by burning at the stake. The long struggle to drive out the
Muslims had tended to make Spaniards intolerant of other religions. Wishing Spain to be wholly
Catholic, Ferdinand and Isabella ordered Jews and Muslims to convert to Christianity. The Spanish
Inquisition, however, persecuted the Jewish converts severely, suspecting that they still practiced
their religion in secret. Thousands of Jews were tortured; some were burned at the stake. Finally, in
1492, the Jews were expelled from

Securing the Castilian Throne Essay example
To suggest that Isabella was successful from the outset in securing the Castilian crown and the
support of its people would be a foolish interpretation. It took ten years before she was fully
accepted as rightful ruler, during which time a number of important factors developed that today can
be seen as the clearest reasons for her success. Paramount among these was her determined,
intellectual and shrewd personality and character. Without these traits, the other factors would have
been irrelevant. In October 1469, Isabella was married to Ferdinand of Aragon. What is interesting
here is the terms of the treaty drawn up after the ceremony that both of them signed. It claimed
Isabella to be the rightful and true heir of Castile, that their ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In the early years of Ferdinand and Isabella's union, the advantages were firmly weighted in favour
of Castile. This is no great surprise as, after all, there was no problem with a succession in Aragon.
Influences that Ferdinand had over affairs concerning Castilian affairs most concerned the military.
He and his troops played a vital role in putting down rebellions in towns and cities. Men were
supplied (in line with the terms of the marriage contract) from Castile to help stave off and defeat
the Portuguese as well as supporters of Joanna Enriquez, who was Isabella's main rival to the throne.
Because Ferdinand played an important part in halting these problems, the union between Isabella
and Ferdinand, and the acquiescence that Ferdinand and Aragon showed them, can be seen to be a
significant contributor to Isabella's eventual victory in 1479. The fact that Ferdinand's presence was
not too overbearing helped keep grandees happy. They were important members of society. Isabella
needed their support and without it she would have struggled to retain popularity and secure her
throne. Therefore, before even becoming Queen, it was imperative that she had them on her side,
away from Joanna. Originally, only a few grandee families supported Isabella's cause. It was not
until 1470, four years before Isabella became Queen, that opinion switched. An important reason for

Spain’s Golden Age and the Reign of Philip II Essay examples
Spain's Golden Age and the Reign of Philip II
A 'golden age' can be interpreted in many ways; it can be a time of great power for a monarch, or a
country. It can be described as a time when some activity is at its peak, or as a period of great peace,
prosperity and happiness. I will look at the period 1474 – 1598 to see if any of the monarchs' reigns
meet any of these interpretations of a 'golden age'.
The kingdom of Aragon had its own Cortes, which limited Ferdinand's power as he was subject to
the fueros[1]. In Castile however, the Cortes were relatively powerless; not necessary to pass laws
and had little interest in taxation. No Cortes was called between 1480 and 1498, which is ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, this new system had a limited effect, as they were merely extensions of Ferdinand and
Isabella's councils of Aragon and Castile for example, the Council of the Indies, and were only used
to deal with new territories. Charles was still the source of all power, and the Councils only offered
advice to him. Therefore, the administration did not change much, and changes that were made were
almost ad hoc, as efficiency was only improved because of financial needs.
Philip II had many advisors, but he made the final decisions, and Philip wanted to see all paperwork,
even small matters like planning permission. This made the administration very slow, as Philip
could not look at all the paperwork from all of Spain and his other territories. However, Philip did
build a castle in Madrid, where he lived and this meant that the administration was stationary, not
like with his father and Ferdinand and Isabella; wherever they went. This did improve the
administration a little, but not by very much; he was too slow at making decisions and he wanted to
know all the facts before he made a decision but rarely he got all of the facts.
The administration of Spain did not contribute to any of the monarch's reigns being a 'golden age'. It
did not change much in the period 1474 – 1598, and the monarchs did not improve it enough;
therefore

Imperial Organization And Administration (Pp. 93)
I. Imperial Organization and Administration (pp. 93) A. Due to the New World's expansive size and
distance from Spain and Portugal, the empires relied on bureaucrats to establish control over their
new colonial holdings. B. Bureaucrats helped oppose the emergence of hereditary nobility in the
New World, maintain the region's stability during a tumultuous period, and acquire revenue for the
Crown. II. Problems of Time and Distance (pp. 93 – 94) A. Traveling to and from Latin America
took a significant amount of time–meaning communication was slower (pp. 93). B. Slower
communication made overseeing the local colonial officials more difficult, giving officials living in
the New World significant authority and flexibility in responding to local ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Spain used the Aragonese and Castilian models of government, which had been proven in Spain (pp.
95). 1. Aragonese a. A council resident was in charge of overall supervision, with viceroys chosen to
oversee the largest territories. 2. Castilian a. Castilian precedent introduced more localized
mechanisms, such as provincial administrators and regional courts, which allowed local officials to
exercise more responsibility. b. Huge territories made division important, and soon the viceroyalties
were divided into audiencias, which were further subdivided into districts, the lowest unit of which
was the municipality. 3. The general structure of Spanish rule, therefore, was decentralized. C.
Important Quotes 1. "A more accurate image, however, is that of a group of wheels with their hubs
in the audiencia capitals and their spokes extending to the provinces. The Spanish court...formed the
hub of a wheel whose spokes were each audiencia" (pp. 95). a. This quote is significant because it
helps the reader conceptualize the decentralization of the Spanish colonial empire. b. It can be easy
to picture colonial rule as a pyramid structure, but the wheel analogy helps the reader understand
that the truth was more nuanced and

King Ferdinand II Of Aragon: Madrigalejo, Spain
King Ferdinand II of Aragon was born on March 10, 1452. He was born in Madrigalejo, Spain. His
father is John I of Aragon and his mother is Joanna Henriquez. He has an older stepbrother, Charles
IV of Viana. When Queen Blanche died in 1441, John I of Aragon dispossessed his son, Charles IV.
Around the same year of Fernand's birth, Charles attacked his father with french mercenaries at the
Battle of Oibar. Charles and the French mercenaries were defeated and captured and then released.
Charles fled to France and then to his relative, Alfonso V of Naples to ask for help to get his
birthright. Charles couldn't combine a lot forces together because he was poisoned in 1461. Queen
Isabella I was born on April 22, 1451. She was born in Madrigal de las ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
When she was three years old, her father died, so her half brother, Henry IV was next in line and
took the throne. Her younger brother, Alfonso was next in line after Henry. Isabella was raised by
her mother until 1457 because Isabella and her brother were taken to court by Henry to keep them
from being used by nobles. The nobles tried to replace Henry with Alfonso but failed. In July, 1468,
Alfonso died of poisoning but historians think it was the plague that killed him. Afonso named
Isabella his successor. The nobles offered her the crown but she refused. On October 19, 1469,
Ferdinand was 17 years old and he married Isabella who was 18 years old. Isabella and Ferdinand
are cousins so they married in secret and needed a special papal dispensation which was a fake.
Ferdinand and Isabella had seven children but only five survived. Isabella's first child was a girl
named Isabella, born in 1470. The second child she had was a stillborn son in 1475. The third child
was John, Prince of Asturias or Juan, born in 1478. The fourth child was a girl named Juana, known
as "The Mad" born in 1479. The fifth child is a girl named Maria, born in

Queen Isabella's Life And Accomplishments
Queen Isabella was born in April 22, 1451 she was born in Mmadrigal de las Aaltas Ttorres, Sspain.
In 1478, they established the spanish inquisitions as a royal council under royal control. In the 1492
the Inquisition persuaded the catholic kings to expel the jews whose conversion to christianity was
doubtful. It was typical of Iisabella's political vision that she agree to finance the expedition of
Cchristopher Ccolumbus which brought the new world and wealth to Sspain. Her marriage to
Fferdinand II of Aaragon began a thirty five year joint rule of a unified spain by the catholic
monarchs. Ferdinand and Isabella succeeded as joint sovereigns to the throne of castile on the death
of Isabella's half brother henry IV in December of 1474. From

In the Devil's Snare Book Report
Elliot, J.H., Imperial Spain: 1469–1716. London: Penguin Books, 1963. 423pgs. In Imperial Spain,
J.H. Elliot examines the history of early modern Spain from the reign of the Catholic Monarchs,
Isabella and Ferdinand, to the reformation of the Spanish government by the first member of the
Bourbon dynasty. According to the author, at the start of the 15th century, Spain was internally
weak, hopelessly divided and isolated from the continent by the Pyrenees. Yet, by 1492, Spanish
society experienced a tremendous transformation which allowed Isabella and Ferdinand to unify the
country, secure the largest transoceanic empire the world has ever known, and for a ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Aragon, the author states, was mostly left out of the affairs of empire and it turned its attention to its
Mediterranean possessions.
While it is true that Ferdinand interfered little with Isabella 's handling of Castilian affairs, Elliot
asserts in Chapter Four ("The Imperial Destiny") that certain key issues were handled jointly by the
monarchs. This was evident in the concessions that they were able to extract from the Vatican.
Patronato Real, or the right of presentation to all ecclesiastical benefices in the Kingdom of Granada
was granted to the sovereigns of Spain by Pope Innocent VIII while the Reconquista was still
ongoing. Eventually, the author goes on to say, this right would be extended to all Spanish domains.
This gave the rulers of Spain almost complete control of the Catholic Church in their territories and
in time, the clergy would become the most efficient of bureaucrats and administrators of the Spanish
empire.
Chapter Five is entitled "The Government and the Economy of the Reign of Charles V" and in it
Elliot argues that after Ferdinand 's death in 1516, his successor Charles I of Spain, V of the Holy
Roman Empire, inherited a thriving, pacified, quasi–united kingdom that had access to the
incredible wealth of the Americas. The problem, the author suggests, was that Charles and his
successors did not fully understand the complexity of the Spanish system they inherited.

How Did Charles I Influence The World
As King of Spain Charles became ruler of many greater and lesser European states. He was the
heir of three of Europe's leading dynasties, Habsburg Monarchy, Burgundian Netherlands, and
the Crowns of Castile and Aragon. From Spain he ruled over large areas in Central, Western, and
Southern Europe, and the Spanish colonies in the Americas and Asia. Charles was
the first king to rule Castile, León, and Aragon at the same time. In 1519,
Charles became Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria. From that point forward, his
empire spanned nearly four million square kilometers across Europe, the Far East, and the
Americas. Charles V was born on February 24, 1500 in Ghent Belgium. Charles died on
September 21, 1558 at age 58. He died from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Charles was known to be one of the greatest
emperors in the world next to Charlemagne. Charles V wasn't a perfect leader with all the power
and land he owned he ran into multiple problems. shortly after Charles V was elected he ran into
problems with France for about his whole life. These problems made him expand but signing the
Treaty of Gravelines in 1520 . This treaty he signed with King Henry VIII of England helped
him invade North Italy in 1521. Which was then ruled by France. After defeating the French in
Pavia and capturing Francis I in 1525 Charles felt triumput. In 1526 Charles V got Francis I to
sign the Treaty of Madrid. The Treaty of Madrid gave Charles the land of Burgundy.
Also this treaty aloud Charles V to marry Francis I sister and also gave up many lands in Italy

like Flanders, Artois, and Tournai as well as parts of France all to Charles V. Although when
they released Francis I he crossed the border he said that this contract was never ratified and
attempted to dethrone Charles V. Charles was apart of four wars with France. Although Charles
V owned many land and had great power he spent most of his time battling. One of his

Spanish Inquisition
As you mature in life, you are likely to find that you may dislike a certain group of people more than
others. Most of the time, this is an innocent distrust or dislike, however it can lead to worsening
conditions between you and this group or individual. Over the ages, a group that has been put into
the role of the hated group in such a petty disagreement repeatedly are the Jews. Since the rise of
Catholicism, Jews have, at more points in history than just one, been hunted and slaughtered. In this
paper, we will take a closer look into a time when Jews were killed by the thousands, known simply
as the Spanish Inquisition.
Many centuries ago, Spain was split into 6 major parts; the kingdoms of Castile, Aragon, Granada,
Navarre, Portugal, and Majorca, with Castile being this largest. For a long period of time, the
Islamic kingdom of the Moors had been attempting to invade the southern Iberian peninsula, the ...
In the 15th century, they got their wish, but not in the way they may have expected. At the time, the
Pope of the Catholic church was Pope Sixtus IV, and he knew that Spain was be the crown jewel of
Catholic expansion, if he could remove the Jews. The Jewish population at the time was still
dominating the country, and for a while, the Jews were already being prosecuted by the Catholics for
not converting. This was a very slow process however, especially as it was still illegal in the Spanish
empire. Pope Sixtus understood this, and he also understood that Ferdinand and Isabella had huge
ties to the church and would listen to anything the Pope had to say. Using this to his advantage, he
enacted a bull papal, or official document, saying that the King and Queen of Spain could name
inquisitors to hunt down any Jews who had not converted, and have them killed in the 'name of

The Spanish Inquisition Essay
The Spanish Inquisition In the year 1469 there was a union between the Spanish kingdoms, Aragon
and Castile. This union would ignite the darkest moment of Spanish history, the Spanish Inquisition.
Ferdinand of Aragon married Isabella I of Castile, in hopes of obtaining the Castilian crown.
Isabella's high–spirited and politically astute personality enabled her to retain sovereign authority in
her own realm, they became known as the Spanish Kings. At the time, Spain was a nation–state
created out of religious struggle between numerous religions. Both being of Catholic descent
Ferdinand and Isabella decided to unite ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is true that in the year 1478, Pope Sixtus IV had given permission to the Spanish rulers to "purify"
the people of Spain. However, on April 18th 1482, he proposed a new Papal Bull, and accused the
Inquisition in Aragon–Catalonia to be one that was not focused on heresy and salvation of souls, but
rather on greed–seeking profit. He noted that "true and faithful Christians" were being imprisoned,
tortured and condemned as heretics on false testimonies made by enemies, rivals, envious people
etc. An example is in the year 1635 Pedro Ginesta, a man over 80 years of age of French origin was
brought before the tribunal of Barcelona by a comrade for having supposedly eaten a meal of bacon
and onions on a day of abstinence. Of all the popes that existed during the time of the Inquisition,
only Pope Innocent III (who succeeded Pope Sixtus IV) supported the Spanish Inquisition, all the
others attempted to put an end to the vicious inquisition, with each of them noting how inhumane it
was.
The reliability of the witnesses and the evidence is heavily questioned, not during the era but now,
hundreds of years later. The witnesses are heavily disputed, it has been recorded by many scholars at
the time that the witnesses were often servants of the accused, or had some type of grudge against

Why Is Charles V A Powerful Empire
Charles V: Ruler of the Most Extensive and Powerful Empire
Charles V was the most powerful and influential monarch in European history. He was the son of
Philip I from Castille, heir to the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I and Mary, Duchess of
Burgundy, which gives Charles V jurisdiction over the German nation (1519) and Habsburg
Netherlands (1506). His mother Joana the Mad was the third child of the Catholic Monarchs Isabella
and Ferdinand II, earning him the authority over the Spanish Empire (1516). Born in Ghent on
September 24, 1500, he was exalted to royalty at at the young age of six. His vast kingdom extends
from Spanish territories, across central, western, and southern Europe, through the Netherlands and
up to Austria. But with this enormous supremacy comes the huge responsibility of governing
geographically different domains, politically and spiritually diverse people, and aristocrats. Because
of the enormity of his dominion, enemies were threatened that this will lead to a European
hegemony. Hence, his authority was strewn with revolts and wars. His vision to unite Europe in a
Christian Empire encountered oppositions from his people, especially to the Protestant Reformation.
Although Charles V's ruled the most extensive and powerful empire, he was both a success and a
failure when implementing his ideas. This could be seen through the revolt of the Comunidades and
Germanias, the Influence of Erasmus, and as well as Humanism in the court of Charles V.
Having ruled the Netherlands as Duke of Burgundy, the death of Ferdinand II prompted the young
monarch to travel to Spain and assume the position left by his grandfather. He governed over people
whose traditions and customs greatly varied his own, and communicated in a language he can barely
speak, making his rule feel like a foreign authority. However, the death of his paternal grandfather
Maximilian elected him as King of Germany in 1519 and required him to leave Spain, humiliating
the Spanish aristocrats and its people. His decision to leave Castile under Flemish nobles,
specifically Dutch cleric Adrian of Utrecht, enthused a rebellion that started after the death of Queen
Isabella, leading to massive political instability.
The budding

How Did The Reconquista Influence Christopher Columbus
Queen Isabella of Castile sponsored Christopher Columbus's voyage to the west Indies; exiled or
forced conversion on all of their Muslim Jewish subjects, and made Spain a world trading power
while being along side her husband King Ferdinand.
Queen Isabella's life before she married King Ferdinand
Queen Isabella paid for Christopher Columbus to go to the West Indies. The crown agreed to pay a
sum of the money as a concession from monarch to subject. Before Columbus went to Queen
Isabella, he first asked for money to go to the West Indies from the rulers of the cities of Genoa and
Venice, Italy. He then asked the king of Portugal, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella; the Kingdom
of Castile turned him down a couple times. He got Permission to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Their kingdom was striving in its wealth from the trading partners. Countries would want their kids
to marry to Isabella kids because the Kingdom of Castile was wealthy and they wanted their
kingdoms to be just as big of Castile. The Kingdom of Castile had people from all over come to help
make their kingdom thrive, making Spain what is it now.
Explorers were bringing them riches from their countries. They started to produce cloths, glass, steal
weapons, and leather items from the goods the explorers brought, and traded the products Spain
made to the other countries. Isabella had Columbus go multiple times to the New Land for more
resources to keep their kingdom thriving. People would come and buy the goods he brought back.
People would buy everything they could, and Castile grew greatly in riches and land. The Kingdom
made a ton of money and goods. Isabella fixed the debt that her Brother left on spain through the
Gold

Queen Isabella I Essay
She was born into a family of a long line of royal decedents. She became Queen at the age of twenty
four. She was the first women to be on an US commutative coin. Who is this very accomplished
person? Queen Isabella. Bold and daring, Queen Isabella accomplished many things in her thirty
years of rein as Queen of Castile and Aragon. Queen Isabella was born on April 22, 1451 in
Madrigal, Old Castile. Her mother was Isabella of Portugal and her dad was John the II of Castile.
Her mom and dad were King and Queen of Castile. She had two brothers, Alfonzo and Henry
("Isabella of Castile" par13). At the age of three Isabella's father died. After his death He4nry
became King of Castile. A few years after he was crowned King he sent ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
When they finally got married it stopped many feud between Castile and Argon. For that reason it
brought peace to the land ("Isabella of Castile" par1). Five years after their marriage, Henry died on
December 10, 1474. Days later Isabella became Queen of Castile. Everything was great in Castile
and Aragon till Ferdinand's father died in 1479. Isabella and Ferdinand where then named King and
Queen of Aragon ("Isabella of castile" par 18). During their rein as King and Queen they had five
children. They had four daughters, Juana, Catherine, Maria, and Isabella. In their life they only had
one son, John. Sadly he died at a young age in 1497 (Foster 32). They now had a tough decision for
who would be the heir to the throne. After a long while they chose Juana because her son was born
on the eve of St. Mathis (Foster 285). Seven years after her son died, Isabella died on November
1504. She died in Medina del Campo due to an unknown reason. Later after her husband died he
was laid to rest with her in Alhambra ("Queen Isabella I par2). Never the less Isabella left this world
with accomplishing many things. One of the things she is known for is the Spanish Inquisition. An
Inquisition is a hunt to find non–Christians and convert them or make them leave. Tomas de
Torquemada was the person who told Isabella that she could not run a country with religious
differences. In order to keep her country strong she reestablished the

How Did The Treaty Of Todesilla Change The World
Does the Treaty of Tordesillas change the world? The Treaty of Tordesillas divided the "New World"
into land, resources, and people claimed by Spain and Portugal. Pope Alexander VI issued and
official order which divided the "New World" lands between Spain and Portugal. A north–south line
of separation would be placed west of the Cape Verde Islands. The Treaty of Tordesillas was signed
on June 7, 1494 and authenticated at Setubal, Portugal.
In the town of Tordesillas in 1494, representatives of Portugal and Spain came to a negotiated
agreement to their dispute. The separating line was moved 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde
Islands. Even though Portugal gained a larger part of South America, Spain got control of most of
the "New World".
In 1506, the agreement was officially recognized by Pope Alexander. Spain and Portugal, with a few
concessions, both countries remained loyal to the treaty. Portugal expanded into Brazil crossing the
line separating the two countries, but Spain did not oppose. The natives of these regions were not
consulted about the assignment of their homelands to others and competing powers in Europe totally
ignored the line. This treaty ignored future claims of the French and British, the other superpowers
of Europe at the time. The British, Russian, and French empires did not take any parts of the
Americas for several years following the Treaty of Tordesillas. The Treaty of Tordesillas ignored the
millions of people that inhabited and established communities in the Americas. The treaty agreed
that "lands with a "Christian king" would not be colonized". "Christianity had not spread to the
Americas, and the resulting colonization proved disastrous for indigenous cultures such as the Inca,
Taino, Aztec, Tupi, and thousands of other bands throughout the Americas".
The Treaty of Tordesillas' was to solve the disagreement that had been created after Christopher
Columbus and his crew sailed for the Crown of Castile. When Christopher was heading back to
Spain, his first stop was Lisbon, in Portugal. He asked for a meeting with King John II to discuss the
discovered lands. After the Portuguese were informed about Columbus' voyage, the King threatened
the Catholic Monarchs with the Treaty of

Christopher Columbus Research Paper
Key Individuals:
Christopher Columbus:
Explorer and navigator Christopher Columbus was born in 1451 in the Republic of Genoa, Italy. His
first voyage into the Atlantic Ocean in 1476 nearly cost him his life. Columbus participated in
several other expeditions to Africa. 1492, Columbus left Spain in the Santa Maria, with the Pinta
and the Niña along side.
Christopher Columbus was hoping to find the new lands in his journey of 1492 which is now the
Americas in which he found Hispaniola.
On the evening of 3 August 1492, Columbus departed from Palos de la Frontera with three ships: a
larger carrack, the Santa María ex–Gallega, and two smaller caravels, the Pinta and the Santa Clara,
nicknamed the Niña after her owner Juan Niño of Moguer. The ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
By 20 December 1506 Joanna was in the village of Torquemada in Castile, attempting to exercise
her rights to rule alone in her own name as Queen of Castile. The country fell into disorder. Her son
and heir–apparent, Charles, later Charles I, was a six–year–old child being raised in his aunt's care
in northern European Flanders; her father, Ferdinand II, remained in Aragon, allowing the crisis to
grow. The queen was unable to secure the funds required to assist her to protect her power. In the
face of this, Ferdinand II returned to Castile in July 1507. His arrival coincided with a remission of
the plague and famine, a development which quieted the instability and left an impression that his
return had restored the health of the

Differences And Similarities Between The Spanish And Aztec...
The Spanish and Aztec empires; both powerful empires in their regions during the 15th and 16th
centuries had many differences as well as similarities in their daily lives. They experienced these
similarities and differences in their daily lives from leadership, religious practices, and social
hierarchy. This essay will compare those similarities and differences.
The Aztec empire was made up of many tributary city–states called Altepetl, each one was ruled by
a supreme leader, supreme judge, and administrator. The tatoloni of the capital city of the empire,
Tenochtitlan, ruled as the emperor of the empire. The tatoloni was the ultimate owner of all the land
in the city–states. He had power, and control over the whole of the Aztec empire. Leadership ...
The Aztecs were polytheistic; believing in many different gods, while the Spanish were
monotheistic; believing in only one god. After the Spanish inquisition the country was 100%
devoted Catholics. The Catholic Spanish had many religious practices; after the birth a child is
baptized, it is a ceremony where water is sprinkled on their head symbolizing purity, this Christian
ceremony was for both genders. The Aztecs however, had more traditional ideas in gender roles in a
society, and introduced them after the birth of a child. After birth, baby boys were given a bow and
arrow, and girls were given a weaving tool, a broom, and a basket. The Aztecs practiced blood
sacrifices to feed their gods, going to the temple was a part of their daily lives. The leaders of the
Aztec religion were the high priests, and the emperor. The Spanish did not practice blood sacrifices,
but were devoted Christians. They had rituals such as weakly rites of confessions, and Sunday mass.
Another catholic ritual is after the death of a person a priest performs a prayer. The religious leader
of the Catholic faith is the pope. Both the Aztecs and Spanish although had different beliefs and
practices the similarity was that they were highly devoted to their

The Creoles: The Spread Of The Spanish
The 17th century proved to be a difficult time for the Spanish state, as it's grip on the overseas
empire was slipping, and the stagnant trade in the American colonies began to add to the mounting
debt. During this time, other European powers had grown greatly in power, including the English,
Dutch, and the French. After the death of Charles II, the Bourbon assumption of the Spanish throne
heralded the onset of a host of changes in various laws and policies, both in Spain and overseas. The
goals of these Bourbon reforms were simple, to strengthen Spain's domain and control of its colonial
holdings, which would lead to a strengthening of the empire. These reforms worked in several ways,
first to increase production and trade within the colonies; ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In 1753, as part of the broader effort to reassert royal supremacy through religion, the Crown
negotiated a concordat with Rome giving greater royal authority in the nomination and appointment
of ecclesiastical authorities. This small step was almost insignificant when compared to the most
important reform, which was the expulsion of the Jesuits from all of Spanish America (and Spain) in
1767. The numerous policies during the Bourbon regime ultimately altered future relations between
the major power groups. The administration of these policies "itself was the first to disturb the
balance." Secondly, the "enlightened absolutism enlarged the function of the state at the expense of
the private sector and ultimately alienated the local ruling class" which had previously held most of
the control. The Bourbon reforms "overhauled imperial government, centralized the mechanism of
control and modernized the bureaucracy." In the colonies, new viceroyalties and other units of
administration were created to further extend the Crown's reach(8). Looking back, the success of the
Bourbon reforms were only in the short term, since the administration of the policies would begin
the process of independence. The largest mistake was the alienation of the Creoles, who in their
respective colonies, held most of the power. To say

Ahmed Buma Hernando De Talavera
Talk of past politics and old wars could be heard ringing throughout the dining hall as the guests,
Ahmed Bu Juma, Hernando de Talavera, the Valencian noble, and Spanish administrators, proceeded
to speak over one another with disagreement to the other's statement. With a sigh of irritation, I
proceeded to serve the first course of the night in hopes that with their mouths full then they would
be unable to spew anymore heated debates and jabs at one another for the duration of the meal.
However, it would be soon proven that not even food could stifle their heated disdain for each
other's contrasting opinions and overall perception of the world around them. With only so much
time left in the night talk soon turned to the Arabic language and what that language meant to them.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He found the language to be of great value and beauty to those of the followers of Islam. But he also
found it a shame that those who lived under the Crown of Castile were unable to truly embrace the
language and Islam itself, due to the fact that the religious persecution of Muslims was incredibly
prominent during that era. Bu Juma believed that the language was vital for properly practicing
prayers and such, but f one's life were on the line for even so much as uttering an Arabic, he was
certain Allah would forgive them for not being able to truly say

Within the Context of 1474-1598 to What Extent Did...
Spain's perceived "Golden Age" is a broad classification unconfined to a specific era. The Golden
Age has long been affiliated with the growth of a uniquely Spanish identity that arose with the
flourishing of arts, architecture and literature expanding notably in the years of Phillip II, and
flourishing in the 17th century – the same century traditionalist historians identify as the decline of
Spain. To consider the golden age of Spain on a purely art and literature basis however misses the
point, the Golden Age in all contexts appeared from the development of the Spanish Empire. On the
European stage Spain appeared at the height of its "Golden Age" during the reign of Phillip II, Spain
was the centre piece of the world's greatest power ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some Historians consider Isabella's decision to pass the crown to the Hapsburgs rather than Aragon
as evidence of Isabella's disunity. Lockyer claims; "she showed how little she appreciated the
concept of Spanish unity" . This theory is supported by Historian Lotherington and Kamen, the latter
who comments "the achievement of a united Spain was never an objective of the Catholic Kings"
However this is too simplistic a view; because Isabella knew that the Castilian nobles would not
accommodate for an Aragonese king, and the crown must rest upon the spouse of Aragon and
Castile if unification was to be a realistic goal. Elliot suggests this when he speaks of a "Spanish
inheritance" when referring to the Burgundian inheritance and Rady explains "Ferdinand held such
influence in Castile this kingdom also might have been wrenched away from the new heir (Charles)"
. Likewise J.Jones identifies "national unification" as a key policy of the Catholic Kings. It was
therefore not "entirely by accident" that Spain was united under the same realm but the death of the
Catholic Kings Portuguese dynastic ties that meant the Hapsburg dynasty and not the Portuguese
dynasty was united under the Spanish crown, which as Isabella had predicted caused friction
amongst Cisneros and Castilian nobles who resented Ferdinand fruitless attempts to produce an
alternative Spanish heir. Failing to promote his more desirable Spanish grandson; Ferdinand to the

Spain Before the Golden Age: King Ferdinand and Queen...
What was Spain like before the Golden Age? King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella ruled the
kingdoms that eventually became the country of Spain. Ferdinand and Isabella were intent on
having a kingdom free of any faith other than Christianity. Many people were killed or even
banished from the country. King Ferdinand and Isabella moved their kingdom into a great age for
Spain, but did not achieve this in the best way. The marriage of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
joined their family's two kingdoms. Queen Isabella was the daughter of King John II of Castile.
King Ferdinand was the son of King John I of Aragon (When). King Ferdinand was born on March
10, 1452 in Aragon, Spain (Ferdinand II). Isabella was born in Madrigal de las ... Show more
In the year 1492, the Muslim kingdom of Granada fell to Isabella and Ferdinand (Lewis). Under
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella's rule, Spain put an end to the Muslim domination of Granada.
This victory was known as the reconquest. They gave the Muslims the choice to convert to
Christianity or leave the country. The victory of the reconquest earned Ferdinand and Isabella the
admiration of the pope (King). By ridding their kingdom of other faiths, Isabella and Ferdinand
gained a title by the pope. The pope gave Ferdinand and Isabella the title "Catholic Kings".
"Ferdinand and Isabella were given the title by the pope in recognition of their role in 'purifying' the
faith" (Lewis). Isabella and Ferdinand also sponsored expeditions across seas. Isabella and
Ferdinand agreed to sponsor an expedition overseas. "Ferdinand and Isabella quickly agreed to
sponsor an expedition across the Atlantic Ocean to be led by a sea captain named Christopher
Columbus" (When). This was an exploration of the New World (Dictionary.com). Ferdinand and
Isabella were quick to sponsor this expedition to strengthen Spain's commercial prospects overseas
(When). This brought not only the New World to Spain but also wealth. When Native Americans
were brought back as slaves Isabella had them returned and freed (Queen). Isabella also challenged
Portugal's dominance at

Ferdinand, Isabella, One King Ferdinand And Isabella
Frank Colletta
Mr. Hoffman
Global 1–R
12/09/17
One King, one Queen, otherwise known as Ferdinand and Isabella. Ferdinand and Isabella were
cousins. Later on in 1469 they became husband and wife. Isabella became the quartermaster and
financier (isabellaqueenofspain.wordpress.com), while Ferdinand was the leader of the army.
Together they expanded and ruled the Spanish Empire. (spainthenandnow.com). Isabella was born
on April 27, 1451. She was born in a city of Madrigal and raised Catholic. Her mother's name was
also Isabella. Her mother was the Princess of Portugal. King John II, of Castile, was her father.
Isabella never really knew her father as he died when she was only four years old. Isabella was well
educated and from a very young age was taught she could achieve great things. When King John II
died, he left the Kingdom of Castile to Isabella's step brother Henry. (Bucklin). Later when Isabella's
brother died, she had to fight to become ruler of Castile against her Niece Juana who tried to take
over the throne. Ferdinand would help her in the war to succeed her step brother and take over as
ruler (Azcona).
Isabella's cousin, also known as her husband, Ferdinand, was born in 1451. His father was King
John II of Aragon and his mom was Juana Enríquez of Castile. They were both of Castilian origin.
Unlike Isabella, he had a father figure and would succeed his father as King of Aragon. From his
father he learned integrity, courage and reserve. Ferdinand was raised by his parents to become a
king and a devout Catholic. (ferdinandandisabella.weebly.com) He became known as Ferdinand the
Catholic (Azcona). In 1469 Ferdinand and Isabella were married. The marriage was really an
arrangement for purposes of taking control of Spain. Their union would bring about
accomplishments that would go down in history. The first main accomplishment was that they
unified Spain. Their marriage unified the regions of Castile and Aragon. Before Ferdinand and
Isabella took over, Spain was separated and confused. (ferdinandandisabella.weebly.com) The
couple would share equal ruling power. As time went on, their combined forces would make Spain
into a strong world power. (history.com).

Machiavelli's The Prince Essay
Most people throughout history and today are probably in agreement that those who are in power,
with rule over peoples should keep their word; however, as Machiavelli notes, those "princes" that
have accomplished the most have done so through deception. A prince can fight with laws, in a
civilized manner, or with force if needed. Machiavelli believes a prince should "imitate the fox in
cunning as well as the lion in strength." So a prince must seem virtuous, while simultaneously
deceiving those individuals who are willing to be deceived in order to fulfill his own interests.
Machiavelli justifies this way of carrying oneself in that other princes cannot be expected to keep
their word to you, so you must act in ways that are prosperous to your ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In an interview with King Ferdinand in 1483 after his capture, Boabdil offers his subservience to the
Spanish Crown as ruler of Granada in exchange for his freedom. Ferdinand grants this to him. On
Boabdil's return to Granada, however, he is no longer recognized by Islamic clerics as the sole,
legitimate ruler. He returns again to Castile to meet with Ferdinand in 1486, this time he offers to aid
Ferdinand and Isabella in conquering Granada as long as they leave him a small portion, again
Ferdinand agrees. Boabdil succeeded in hindering El Zagal's troops, leading to a Spanish victory
later. Boabdil keeps his word and surrenders the rest of Granada in exchange for a vast private
domain and a Castilian allowance. Only one year later, King Ferdinand treats Boabdil just as he did
every other Muslim, forcing him to cede his domain in Granada and leave the country. This was
perfect execution of Machiavellian values, offering a deal because the reward far outweighed the
risk in that the reward was conquering Granada once and for all. Then once Ferdinand got what he
wanted, he proceeded to carry out policies that would prosper his own nation, and if those policies
broke an agreement with a former quasi–ally then so

Why Is Christopher Columbus Reliable
Everyone has heard the saying, "Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492", but they do
not know much more about him. Columbus was a famous italian voyager who sailed across the
Atlantic to find a new route to India. He was also a man destined for the sea. On one of his first
voyages he was nearly killed when the ship he was on was attacked by French Privateers the ship
was burned down leaving columbus no choice but to swim the the shore of Portuguese."In 1477 he
sailed to Iceland and Ireland with the merchant marine, and in 1478 he was buying sugar in Madeira
as an agent for the Genoese firm of Centurioni" (Flint 2018). Christopher Columbus loved being at
sea so he began looking for assistance to find an Atlantic Crossing but after ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
He wrote it himself which makes it a perfect primary source its a letter written to Queen Isabella and
King Ferdinand about how he found what he believed to be India and how everything there was
beautiful it's all firsthand which makes it believable to me. I learned that during this time society
was all about finding new territory and claiming it to try to expand kingdoms and empires. It was all
about who had the most land and the best armies. It was basically an era where people would show
off what they had. A big social and political world filled with nothing but greed and the desire to be
the best. This document was the first of many detailing what was in the New World it shed light on
all the possibilities out there in that era and all the discoveries that were waiting to be made which is
why it is important to history. I choose to write about this particular document because growing up
my grandfather took a liking to Christopher Columbus and all he did he would tell us stories about
how he was the man that sailed the seas in search for a better world he believed that Christopher
Columbus was a legend and ever since I was young i've always been pretty fond of the adventures
he embarked on. This paper has given me the opportunity to learn so much I didn't already know
and now I can see why my grandfather was so fond of

Christopher Columbus Motives
Christopher Columbus is an Italian Explorer who had convinced King Ferdinand, the Second and
Queen Isabella the First to fund a voyage to Asia to establish trade with China, Japan, India, and the
Spice Islands to get valuable spices and silks. Spain went with a foreign explorer because of his
benefits over the local explorers. To see what these people's motives are and what they want I will
do a background check for the King, the Queen, and Columbus. I'll also go through why the King
and Queen went with Christopher Columbus's pitch for his voyage. This will shed more light on
why King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella chose Columbus.
Columbus had been born in the Republic of Genoa in 1451. Columbus had first gone to sea and was
in charge of helping with smaller trading trips throughout the Mediterranean and Aegean seas. One
voyage in the Atlantic in 1476 almost cost Columbus his life. The ship he was on got burned down
and Columbus had to swim back to Portugal. He eventually moved to Spain after having two wives
and two children. Columbus went on many expeditions to Africa and gained knowledge on wave
currents. Columbus started studying the Asian islands close to India and China because he had heard
of their supposed wealth from other Europeans, he also was curious about the Canary Islands.
Columbus began to propose his idea of a three ship voyage across the Atlantic to the Portuguese
King, Genoa, and Venice. Columbus requested the Spanish King and Queen Ferdinand and Isabella

Medieval Inquisition Research Paper
INTRODUCTION The Medieval Inquisition was founded in 1184 C.E, first as the Episcopal
Inquisition (1184–1230s C.E) as the militant and judicial response to popular mass of religious
movements against the tyranny and corruption of the popes and their bishops in the Catholicized
Western Europe. The most challenging neo–Manichean movements against the dictatorship of the
Pope of Rome were Catharism and Waldensians in Southern France and northern Italy in the 1140s
C.E. and the Waldensians in the 1170s C.E. The inquisition was one of the most powerful and
polemical institutions used by Roman Catholic Church to eliminate heresy and protect the unity of
Christendom. The first two modern Inquisitions were established in Spain (1478) and Portugal ...
It was a court of law that awed allegiance to the Crown with supreme authority to root out heresy
and restore the obedience to the Church. It served to reinforce the political as well as the ideological
interests of the Catholic State. In terms of administrative organization, it was a self–supporting body.
It had its own leader, the Inquisitor General, its own ministry, the Council of Inquisition, its own
courts, the tribunals of the Inquisition, its own prisons, district commissioners and local agents. In
terms of its procedures, it adhered to a strict set of rules, stringent by modern–day standards, within
which inquisitors endeavored to act justly. Its longevity as an institution could be attributed to the
effectiveness of its organization and control

The Warrior Queen Essay
Alyssa Ray Raymond Ap Euro 21, March 2016 The Warrior Queen `When most women were
powerless during the late 14th century twenty–three–year–old Isabella I defined a hostile older
brother and an inexplicable king to seize control of Castile and Leon. She ended an entire
generation's worth of fighting between Muslims and Christians. She forced North African invaders
back over the Mediterranean Sea. She sponsored Christopher Columbus's trip to the Indies and
negotiated Spanish control over the new world. Her reputation stood tall as she annihilated all those
who stood against her. She established a rather bloody Inquisition that would darken Spanish
reputation for centuries. Whether historians see Isabella as cruel and satanic, or saintly and ... Show
The Spanish Inquisition was targeted at Jews and Muslims, who on their social standpoint had
converted to Catholicism and Christianity. However they were suspected to be secretly practicing
their own singular religions of Judaism and Islam out and away from the public eye. The Inquisition
was a court that tried nonbelievers of Christianity and practices of other religions. Often they would
torture and mutilate them in the process. This would frighten the others into accepting Christianity
instead of their indigenous beliefs. Muslims and Jews were known as the "morranos" and the
"moriscos" in Spain. To better unify Spain, and to get rid of these other religions, Ferdinand and
Isabella used the Spanish Inquisition to expel the Moors (Muslims) who resided in parts of Spain.
The Moors ruled over the kingdom of Granada. There was a two year war in 1492. It was the same
year that Columbus asked the king and queen for permission and funding of ships he planned to use
to discover of the New World. Isabella and Ferdinand won and proceeded to claiming Granada as
their

Unification of Spain
Unification of Spain: the Good, the Bad, and the Really Ugly | Alexis Wilson |
The Europeans wanted to expand their minds and their wealth with what the "unknown" world had
to "offer". When I say offer, I mean what they could take and run with without consequence. The
Europeans wanted to "expose" and "enlighten" the new world people with their religion. When I say
"expose" and "enlighten", I mean force the new world people to convert to Christianity or they
would be slowly tortured to death or burned at the stake. Portugal, one of the all mighty Iberian
Sates, was in a hard–hitting competition with Spain, another Iberian State. According to the
textbook, Portugal was losing manpower and resources needed to control a vast ... Show more
They were not sure whether or not to call them "beasts", "barbarians", or "brothers" (Andrien 59).
Columbus, being the pocketful of sunshine he is, forced the inhabitants to convert to Christianity to
ensure that the land was for Spain, all of Spain practiced one religion. If the inhabitants did not
agree to convert they severely punished, as mentioned before (Wallbank et al 482 ). The Catholic
Majesties were smart to invest in Christopher Columbus. Without his exploration and "discoveries"
of gold, slivers, spices and slaves, they would not have been able to replenish their wealth and
rebuild the broken economy.
Back in Spain, Isabella and Ferdinand is working on unifying Spain and sharing the crowns of
Castile, Aragon and Spain ("History of Spain"). Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon planned
on making Spain the best it has ever been. They wanted their beloved country to be unified in
everything they did, especially in religion. That is where the legendary Spanish Inquisition comes
into action. The "Catholic Majesties", as the pope titled King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, set out
to establish effective royal control in all of Spain. Isabella and Ferdinand started the Spanish
Inquisition, for the pope allowed. Not only did they have power over Spain, they had power over the
church also. They were able to have power over the church by making it the law for the monarchs of
Spain to have power over

King Ferdinand Research Paper
King Ferdinand of SpainBy: TJ GrayKing Ferdinand of Spain is one of the most well known kings
of the fifteen century. At a very young age King Ferdinand made decisions which shaped the Spain
and world we know today.Ferdinand was born March 10, 1452, in Sos, Aragon. He was the son of
John II of Aragon and Juana Enriquez of Castile. Ferdinand was not considered an intellectual, but
was eager to learn. Ferdinand was tutored by humanist Francisco Vidal, he learned to read and write
which was uncommon for the time period. Ferdinand was named governor of one of his father's
kingdom by age nine. Ferdinand also mastered the art of war fighting rebels from 1462 to 1472.
Ferdinand led forces against his father's enemies and won when people tried ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
King Ferdinand reunited Naples with Sicily for the first time since 1458. In 1512, after conquering
Navarre he became their King. Throughout his life King Ferdinand was know by many names. He
was known as Ferdinand III of Naples, Ferdinand the Catholic, Ferdinand II of Sicily, Ferdinand V,
and Ferdinando el Catolice.King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella continued to reign over Spain for
many years. On November 26, 1504, Queen Isabella passed away leaving her daughter Joan, also
known as Joan the Mad, and her husband, as successor to the throne. Joan's husband died in 1506.
King Ferdinand married Germaine of Foix in 1505. King Ferdinand and Germaine had one son, but
hepassed away in 1509. King Ferdinand remained ruler of Castile until his death on January 23,
1516. Upon his death, the crowns of all the Spanish kingdoms were passed to his grandson, Charles
I, ruler of the Netherlands and heir to the Roman Empire as Charles V. King Ferdinand was buried at
the Royal Chapel of Granada.During the reign of the Catholic King the power of the throne
continued to grow. The nobles and parliament lost power, while the church was used as an
instrument of political power. Many of King Ferdinand's policies had long lasting effects, especially
the removal of the Jews and Muslims from Spain. King Ferdinand's policies also allowed
conversions of large areas into grazing land for the benefit of the wool industry. By supporting
Christopher Columbus' exploration of the New World he laid the foundation for Spain's colonies in
the New World. During the reign of King Ferdinand, Spain became an Atlantic power and revolution
commerce for Europe.Bibliography Ferdinand and Isabella." Compton's by Britannica. Britannica
Online for Kids.Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2017. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. Ferdinand II.Sandbox
Networks, Inc. publishing as Infoplease. 2017

Isabel I Of Spain Research Paper
Undoubtedly the discovery of America in the hands of the Spanish navigator Christopher Columbus
was the most outstanding fact of the fifteenth century. A new source of trade, wealth and the
discovery of a new culture were the most important consequences for the development of Spain.
Isabella I of Castile, also called Isabel the Catholic, by her strong religious faith, was a prerequisite
for this discovery because she placed her trust and financed the trip, with the goal of opening a new
route for commercial exchanges.
Isabel was born on April 22nd of 1451 in Castile, Spain. Her parents were John II of Castile and
Isabel of Portugal. She spent her first years in the company of her brother Alfonso, and her mother, a
woman that had a passion for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When she turned eighteen, in 1469, they got married, officially sealing the commitment. This
situation aroused the ire of Henry IV, who decided to disinherit his sister, after being recognized as
the heir of the Kingdom, in the pact Bulls of Guisando in 1468 by Enrique IV, and rehabilitated in
succession to his daughter Juana.
Once King Henry IV died in 1474, an arduous succession dispute arose. The nobility was divided
into two sections, one faction recognized Isabel and the other faction proposed Juana. This
discordance marked the beginning of a terrible civil war.
Juana was sidelined, despite having the Portuguese support for being espoused by Alfonso V of
Portugal, and her aunt took over as Queen Isabel in 1474. In 1479, her husband Ferdinand II of
Aragon inherited the throne with Castile and Aragon, which merged the two crowns.
The proposal of the two monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, was shared to strengthen the real power
within their kingdoms, stimulate the economy of Spain. For promoting the monarchy, the Holy
Brotherhood was created, an institution that dealt jointly to ensure public order and enforced the
administration of justice and the Royal Council became the most prominent organ of the

King Henry Viii Analysis
"What the caterpillar calls the end of the world, the Creator calls a butterfly ..." Bach Foreword ...
Charles the V, Emperor, which the sun never sets over the empire never got up from his chair and
beating several times bedchamber, came to the table, intending to write to the King of England
Henry VIII, but left this intention, remembering that early in the morning should accept unknown to
him until the man. The request for an audience, which reported on the recent return of the man from
America and the opening of their new country, initially interested in the king, and he set up a
meeting, but later, having studied the dossier provided by the advisor to the stranger, Karl almost
regretted his hasty decision. He put the already preparedx ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
and other, commands: Don Francisco Pizarro, we, Charles the V, promise to appoint you as a life
governor and captain–general of the said province of Peru with an annual salary of 725,000
maravedis ... which will be paid from the income and taxes in this country ... We assign you the title
of governor of the said province of Peru, and the position of its main alguazil

How Did Isabella Influence Spain
"I will assume the undertaking for my own crown of Castile and I am ready to pawn my own jewels
to defray the expenses of it if the funds in the treasury are found inadequate." people knew how
strong and determined this queen was. Isabella was a strong ruler, a devoted catholic, and the
woman who united Spain. She was known for great work of her own, she was amazing woman , she
was caring she wanted all rights for all people. Isabella wasn't the only great leader around she
married king Ferdinand who was well educated and always knew for such great ideas he came up
with to make the world a better place, Ferdinand made Spain the most powerful country in Europe.
The two shared power equally, established a code of law, they made so much difference ... Show
They built a large collection of artwork. They established educational institutions. When Native
Americans came over as slaves, Isabella suggested that they should be freed and return home to
their families. They united the two largest cities in Spain. They sponsored Christopher Columbus's
voyage in 1492. Isabella had five children. She made sure all kids would receive full education.
Isabella was making things great with her life. She continued her own studies and she finished
learning Latin when she was 35 years old. Her daughter Catherine was the first wife of Henry VIII,
making Isabella the great grandmother of Mary I of England. Isabella's daughter Mary Tudor was
always known as Bloody Mary. She was only one that didn't die at birth.
Isabella and Ferdinand both had equal authorities over Spain. Even there both sameness and rights
unified as ruler in Spain, they eventually later on increase the power of crown and the royal figures.
Isabella was a great ruler she was well educated, she knew the rights from wrong she knew it was
wrong when native Americans were brought back to be slaves , she flew into a fury and demanded
them to be brought back and be treated with justice and fairness. She was a patrons of scholars and
artist , Isabella bettered Spain by building a large work of art

Charles I Turning Point
How far can the abdication of Charles I in 1555 be considered a key turning point in Spanish
History 1474–1598?
After the abdication of Charles I in 1555, his son Philip II became King of Spain, leaving a country
that had experienced many difficulties through the last century. Events such as Civil rebellions, an
uncertain monarchy and non–uniform religions had struck Spain, and various events had affected its
history. However, while the abdication was an important turning point in Spanish history, there are
various other events that also impacted it greatly. Events such as Ferdinand and Isabella establishing
themselves as Catholic Monarchs and giving Spain the front of defender of the Catholic faith,
Charles' election as Holy Roman Emperor ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1525, Charles introduced an inquisition against Lutheran and Anabaptist heretics in the
Netherlands .He campaigned against the Infidel in central and eastern Europe, a move that was
supported by the Spanish people. He aimed to repel their advances in areas which threatened his rule
over his lands. In the Mediterranean, where Spanish interests were mainly threatened, he took action
in 1530, but in the end only four Spanish outposts remained on the north coast of Africa. It was wars
such as these that, while generally supported by Spain due to its religious policy, led to the financial
trouble Spain experienced in later reigns. Despite this, it shows how the Inquisition and religious
policies established by Ferdinand and Isabella continued to be upheld throughout subsequent

Essay on Spanish Social and Political Structure
Spanish Social and Political Structure
Hispanic Literature
The Spain that was intact during the explorations to the New World (specifically that of Christopher
Columbus in 1492) was a Spain vastly different from what it had been a mere couple of decades
pre–exploration. This "new" Spain is actualized by the union of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of
Aragon in 1469.
Before the marriage of the two major kingdoms of Spain (Aragon and Castile), Spain was in near
anarchy. Weak kings and small local communities of feudal rule (medieval systems of local
government, a feudal lord ruled over the small population of his lands) and city laws made for a
divided and powerless country. The common person was in constant fear of his/her ... Show more
Portuguese war of 1476).
There were still a lot of royal families and feudal lords with power over much of the (ever–growing)
population of Spain. In order to maintain unity in rule Isabella and Ferdinand placed corregidores,
royal agents (loyal to the crown), in all towns and cities in 1480. Basically Isabella and Ferdinand
were gathering up the country into the arms of the crown and ensuring real unity for the future of
Spain.
Under the King and Queen there was a Royal Counsel which Isabella and Ferdinand sat with six
days a week for discussion and it had an extensive jurisdiction. Its duties were judicial, all matters of
the state, and matters of alliances, embassies and foreign relations. The most power they held,
however was as that of a sort of supreme court. The cases it judged were binding to all regardless of
birth and could not be appealed or annulled.
There was also a Council of State, Council of Finance, and with Isabella and Ferdinand, four new
ones: Hermandad (as I mentioned before), the Inquisition, military orders, and of the Indies (trying
to establish a new route and compete with Portugal and a sea power and claims made in new lands).
High positions of government were given to church officials and both Isabella and Ferdinand were
dedicated to the reforming of the church. Thus they were coined "The Catholic Sovereigns". This

religious fervor did not, although, interfere with the crown's rights and privileges (as is
demonstrated will

The Influence Of Queen Isabella In Spain

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Stephanie Barker

More from Stephanie Barker (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

The Influence Of Queen Isabella In Spain