This lecture helps you to understand the building materials used in civil engineering like cement, mortar and concrete etc.

1. Building Material
Ahmad Hassan 2016-Civ-321

2. Building Material
 Concrete is a mixture of stone particles, some suitable
binding material and water.
 While in fresh state, concrete is plastic or fluid-like and
may be molded in any shape but, with time, it hardens and
becomes an artificial stone-line material.
 Because small stone particles may be “assembled” at site
to provide any desired architectural shape and because of
the relatively lesser cost, concrete is used for most of the
construction.
 The main constituents of concrete are described below:
Concrete

3.  It is usually a paste of cement in water and is the
relatively costly constituent of the concrete. Lime and
some other materials may also be used as binding
material.
Binding Material
 It is required to reduce the cost and, at the same time, to
provide sufficient strength.
 Most commonly. Filler material is composed of natural
round gravel or crushed stone but other materials like
brick-ballast, bloated clay and iron chips may also be used
in certain cases.
 Filler material may also be termed as “Aggregate”.
Filler Material

5.  Within a particular aggregate, particles of all the sizes
must be present in a suitable proportion.
 In other words, the size of aggregate particles should
gradually reduce to minimum so that the smaller particles
may fill spaces between the larger particles to give a
dense mass.
 It is quite clear that the larger particles must be present in
greater proportion.
 Depending upon the particle size, the aggregates may be
classified into two categories, coarse and Find
Aggregates. The portion of aggregate having particle size
greater than 3/16- in (4.75 mm) is called Coarse
Aggregate while the portion having particle size lesser
than or equal TO 4.75 mm is called Fine Aggregate (or
Sand)
Filler Material

6.  There are two main types of concrete to be used for
construction purposes namely:
 Plain Cement Concrete
 Reinforced Cement Concrete.
Concrete
 It is abbreviated as P.C.C. and is the simple concrete
without the provision of embedded steel bars (or
reinforcement).
 Ratio of the constituent materials is also written with a
particular P.C.C to be used in the following standard way:
 For example, P.C.C. (1:2:4) means that cement
content by weight is one out of 7 parts, sand is 2 out of 7
parts and coarse aggregate is 4 out of 7 parts.
Plain Cement Concrete

7.  It the cement content is concrete is lesser than about
10% , the concrete is called lean concrete and is
commonly used under the floors and foundations. P.C.C.
(1:4 8) and P.C.C. (1:6:12) are the examples of lean
concrete.
Lean Concrete
 It the cement content is 10 to 15%, the concrete is called
normal concrete, the example being P.C.C. (1:2:4).
Normal concrete is used in D.P.C., R.C.C. and floor
finishes.
Normal Concrete
 In rich concrete, the cement content is more than about
15% as in P.C.C. (1:1.5:3). It is used for support heavier
loads for architectural reasons.
Rich Concrete

8.  It is abbreviated as R.C.C. and is defined as the concrete
with the addition of steel bars or reinforcement to resist
tension.
 R.C.C. is used for beams, lintels, roof-slabs and concrete
columns, etc.
Reinforced Cement Concrete
 Mortar is a material used for plastering of walls and roofs and to join
bricks in masonry.
 Mud mortar and lime mortar were initially used but now-a-days cement
sand mortar is most commonly used abbreviated as C/S mortar.
 Its constituents are cement and sand and the ratio of these materials is
also specified.
 For Example, (1:2) C/S mortar means that cement is one part out of three
by weight and sand is two parts out of three by weight
Mortar

9.  It is abbreviated as R.C.C. and is defined as the concrete
with the addition of steel bars or reinforcement to resist
tension.
 R.C.C. is used for beams, lintels, roof-slabs and concrete
columns, etc.
Reinforced Cement Concrete
 Mortar is a material used for plastering of walls and roofs and to join
bricks in masonry.
 Mud mortar and lime mortar were initially used but now-a-days cement
sand mortar is most commonly used abbreviated as C/S mortar.
 Its constituents are cement and sand and the ratio of these materials is
also specified.
 For Example, (1:2) C/S mortar means that cement is one part out of three
by weight and sand is two parts out of three by weight
Mortar

10.  It is abbreviated as R.C.C. and is defined as the concrete
with the addition of steel bars or reinforcement to resist
tension.
 R.C.C. is used for beams, lintels, roof-slabs and concrete
columns, etc.
Reinforced Cement Concrete
 Mortar is a material used for plastering of walls and roofs and to join
bricks in masonry.
 Mud mortar and lime mortar were initially used but now-a-days cement
sand mortar is most commonly used abbreviated as C/S mortar.
 Its constituents are cement and sand and the ratio of these materials is
also specified.
 For Example, (1:2) C/S mortar means that cement is one part out of three
by weight and sand is two parts out of three by weight
Mortar