Crystallography and X-ray diffraction techniques are used to characterize crystals and study their structural properties. X-ray diffraction provides information about crystalline materials by analyzing the diffraction pattern formed when X-rays interact with the crystal structure. Key techniques include X-ray powder diffraction, which can identify crystalline phases and chemical composition in a material, and single crystal X-ray diffraction, which reveals detailed structural information about unit cells. The positions and intensities of peaks in an XRD pattern are unique fingerprints that can be used to identify compounds and study properties like crystallite size.
4. X-rayandCrystals
• X –ray the part of electromagnetic radiation, useful in the
study of crystals.
• Wave length of X ray is matching with the crystal
planes/interplanar distance.
• Hence X ray diffraction is useful in the study of crystals.
6. Single-crystalX-rayDiffraction
• Single-crystal X-ray Diffraction is a non-destructive analytical
technique which provides detailed information about the
internal lattice of crystalline substances,
Including unit cell dimensions, bond-lengths, bond-angles, and
details of site-ordering.
22. Spacelattice andUnitcell
• Space lattice as a regular three dimensional arrangement of
particles such as atoms , ions or molecules .
• Each particle in the space lattice has the environment or
surroundings as that of any other particles in the lattice .
• Unit cell is the fundamental building block of the crystal .
40. 2theta inXRD
• This configuration is most convenient for loose powders.
• Thus the 2 θ is the angle between transmitted beam and
reflected beam.
• In an experiment, the transmitted and the reflected beam can
be observed, but the crystallographic plane cannot be
observed, so 2 θ is an experimentally measurable quantity.