This presentation aims at providing basic knowledge on music instruments of India to college students. I would like to thank the Wikipedia and YouTube for their contribution. Also I would like to thank other websites that I used images from,

1. Music Instruments of India (1/3)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

2. Music Instruments of India
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yTcW3MiWWXE

3. Sitarist Ravi Shankar's Aman Manch (National Peace Forum)
performed by Daughter Anoushka Shankar
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2QMH_9EzNDo&t=125s

4. Types of Indian Musical Instruments
1. Stringed Instruments (Chordophones)
Sitar, Veena, Sarangi, Sarod, Tanpura/tambura,
Subahar (Bass Sitar), Violin, Gottuvadhym (Chitra Veena),
Swarmandal, Santoor.
2. Wind Instruments (Aerophones)
Bansuri, Shehnai, Nagasvaram/Nadhaswarram, Morsing.
3. Drums (Membranophones)
Tabla, Mrigandam, Dholak, Shehnai, Pakhawaj,
Tavil/Thavil, Khol (Mrdanga), Kanjira, Daf
Damru/Damaru,
4. Idiophones (non-drum percussion instruments)
Jaltarang, glass harp, Kashtha tarang, a type of
xylophone, Ghatam

5. https://www.thinglink.com/scene/710466143696977922

6. https://www.thinglink.com/user/710450683588902914

9. Sitar Legend: Ravi Shankar (7 April 1920 – 11 December 2012), born
Rabindra Shankar Chowdhury, his name often preceded by the title
Pandit (Master) and "Sitar maestro“ was an Indian musician and a
composer of Hindustani classical music. He was one of the best-known
proponents of the sitar in the second half of the 20th century and
influenced many other musicians throughout the world. In 1999, Shankar
was awarded India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravi_Shankar

10. Sitar: The sitar is a plucked stringed instrument, originating from
the Indian subcontinent, used in Hindustani classical music. The
instrument flourished under the Mughals, and it is named after a
Persian instrument called the setar (meaning three strings).
Credit:

11. The Sitar flourished in the 16th and 17th centuries and arrived
at its present form in 18th-century India. It derives its distinctive
timbre and resonance from sympathetic strings, bridge design,
a long hollow neck and a gourd-shaped resonance chamber.
In appearance, the sitar is similar to the tanpura, except that it
has frets.

12. A sitar can have 18, 19, 20, or 21
strings. Six or seven of these are
played strings which run over
curved, raised frets, and the
remainder are sympathetic strings
(tarb, also known as taarif or
tarafdaar) which run underneath
the frets and resonate in
sympathy with the played strings.
The frets, which are known as
pardā or thaat, are movable,
allowing fine tuning. The played
strings run to tuning pegs on or
near the head of the instrument,
while the sympathetic strings,
which are a variety of different
lengths, pass through small holes
in the fretboard to engage with the
smaller tuning pegs that run down
the instrument's neck.
The anatomy of a Sitar

13. Anoushka Shankar (Bengali : অনুষ্কা শঙ্কর) (born 9 June 1981) is
a British Indian sitar player and composer. She is the daughter of Ravi
Shankar and the half-sister of Norah Jones.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anoushka_Shankar

14. Veena
The Veena (IAST: vīṇā), comprises
a family of chordophone instruments of
the Indian subcontinent. Ancient
musical instruments evolved into many
variations, such as lutes, zithers and
arched harps. It is carved from a single
block of Jack wood. The many regional
designs have different names such as
the Rudra, Saraswati, Vichitra/
Gottuvadhym veena and others.
Several strings function differently in
this instrument. Four strings are used
to play the melody while the remaining
three strings are used to play the
drone.

15. The Sarasvati vīṇa (Saraswati vina) is an Indian plucked string
instrument. It is named after the Hindu goddess Saraswati, who is
usually depicted holding or playing the instrument. Also known as
raghunatha veena is used mostly in Carnatic Indian classical music.

16. Goddess Saraswati

17. Saraswawati Veena Artist: Dr. Jayanthi Kumaresh is one of the foremost
Veena artistes of India. Jayanthi comes from a lineage (ลิเนียจ – สายเลือด)
of musicians have been practicing Carnatic music for six generations and
started playing the Saraswati Veena at the age of 3.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nm1qBoBHzbA

18. Rudra Veena (melody) also spelled Rudra vina, and also
called Bīn in North India), is a large plucked string instrument,
originating from the Indian subcontinent, used in Hindustani
classical music, one of the major types of veena played in
Indian classical music.

19. Another design of distinguisted Rudra veena

20. Artist: Jyoti Hegde is a Rudra Veena and Sitar artist from Khandarbani
Gharana. She has pursued music since age 12 and completed her Masters
in Music from Karnatak University of Dharwad. Vidhushi Jyoti Hegde is the
first and only woman player of Rudra Veena in the world. She is a Grade-A
artist of Rudra Veena and Sitar with the All India Radio and regularly
sought after for concerts.
India's King Instrument Rudra Veena by Jyoti Hegde, Raag Poorvi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGutd8VAUec

21. The Taus or (Mayuri Veena) is a Punjabi bowed string
instrument, invented by Guru Hargobind,
the sixth Guru of the Sikhs. From this instrument originates
the lighter Dilruba. It has a peacock body and a neck with
20 heavy metal frets. This neck holds on a long wooden
rack 28-30 strings and the instrument is played with a bow.

22. Indian classical music - Sandeep Singh plays the Taus or Mayuri Veena
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lgme4gUk7Hc

23. The Sārangī is a bowed,
short-necked string instrument
from the Indian subcontinent,
which is used in Punjabi dhadi
music and Hindustani classical
music. It is said to most
resemble the sound of the
human voice – able to imitate
vocal ornaments such as
gamaks (shakes) and meends
(sliding movements).

24. Sarangi Artist: Ram Narayan(born 25 December 1927), often referred
to with the title Pandit, is an Indian musician who popularised the bowed
instrument sarangi as a solo concert instrument in Hindustani classical
music and became the first internationally successful sarangi player.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Narayan

25. Sarangi Artist: Suhail Yusuf Khan is an Indian sarangi player. He was born
on February 7, 1988 (age 30 years), in Delhi, India. He is the grandson of
Sarangi maestro Ustad Sabri Khan. In 2016, Khan released Everything
Sacred, a collaborative folk album with James Yorkston and Jon Thorne
under the name Yorkston/Thorne/Khan. The follow-up, Neuk Wight Delhi
All-Stars, was released in April 2017. Wikipedia

26. Sarangi Artist: Aruna Narayan Kalle from Thornhill, Ontario, Canada, is the first
female musician to play sarangi, a North Indian stringed instrument of classical
Hindustani music. Kalle, daughter of renowned sarangi maestro Pandit Ram
Narayan, learned how to play the instrument at 18, practicing eight hours a day
for six to seven years.

27. The Sarod (or sarode) is a
stringed instrument, used mainly
in Hindustani music on the Indian
subcontinent. Along with the sitar,
it is among the most popular and
prominent instruments. The sarod
is known for a deep, weighty,
introspective sound, in contrast
with the sweet, overtone-rich
texture of the sitar, with
sympathetic strings that give it
a resonant, reverberant quality.
It is a fretless instrument able to
produce the continuous slides
between notes known as meend
(glissandi), which are important
in Indian music.

28. Sarod Artist: Amjad Ali Khan Bangash (born 9 October 1945) is an
Indian classical sarod player, best known for his clear and fast ekhara
taans. Khan was born into a classical musical family and has performed
internationally since the 1960s. He was awarded India's second highest
civilian honor Padma Vibhushan in 2001.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amjad_Ali_Khan

29. Debasmita Bhattacharya is an accomplished sarod player from Kolkata,
West Bengal. She was first inspired to pick up the instrument at age six
by her father, Pandit Debashish Bhattacharya, a renowned sarod player.
http://dostimusic.org/works/debasmita-bhattacharya/

30. Tampura/Tambura
The tanpura is a long-necked
plucked string instrument,
originating from the Indian
subcontinent, found in various
forms in Indian music. It does
not play melody but rather
supports and sustains the
melody of another instrument
or singer by providing a
continuous harmonic bourdon
or drone.

31. Kaushiki Chakrabarty
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PzCZomuHVVQ

32. The Violin, also known informally as a
fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in
the violin family. Most violins have a
hollow wooden body. It is the smallest
and highest-pitched instrument in the
family in regular use. Violins are
important instruments in a wide variety
of musical genres. They are most
prominent in the Western classical
tradition, both in ensembles (from
chamber music to orchestras) and as
solo instruments and in many varieties
of folk music, including country music,
bluegrass music and in jazz.

33. Alapana in Raga Keeravani | Jyotsna Shrikanth | Music of India
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xDIBq3Dj0Xc

34. Surbahar: It sometimes known as bass sitar, is
a plucked string instrument used in the Hindustani
classical music of the Indian subcontinent. It is
closely related to the sitar, but has a lower tone.

35. Surbahar: Ustad Irshad Khan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kTCQlhPrVuo

36. Gottuvadhyam (Citra Vina) The chitravina (also known as chitra
veena, chitraveena, chitra vina, hanumad vina, or mahanataka vina)
is a 20 or 21-string fretless lute in Carnatic music. Around the late
19th and early 20th centuries, it started to be known by another name,
Gotuvadyam (often mis-spelt as gottuvadyam, gottuvadhyam,
kottuvadyam etc.), which was bestowed upon it by Sakha Rama Rao
from Tiruvidaimarudur, who was responsible for bringing it back to the
concert scene. ,

37. The esraj is mostly played in Bengal, Bangladesh and central
India, and has been for about 200-300 years. In the north it is
known as the Dilruba, whose construction is also slightly different.
The dilruba is bigger and has a larger sound box, therefore the
sound is louder and more sonorous. The esraj charms the listener
with the gentle delicate sounds that gave it the name “robber of
the heart”. Both instruments are rich in overtones, as they have
many sympathetic strings.

38. The esraj and dilruba have four main strings but the melody is
played with a bow only on the first, and the others just resonate.
The heavy curved metal frets are fixed with a cord and can be
moved for tuning. Usually the musician sits with crossed legs on
the ground and holds the instrument in front of himself while the
neck leans against the shoulder, changing notes with one hand
while bowing with the other.

39. Show now!

40. Esraj by Arshad Khan:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Red9qcFtbY

41. The swarmandal or Indian harp is a zither, originating from the
Indian subcontinent, similar to the qanun that is today most
commonly used as an accompanying instrument for vocal Indian
classical music. The name combines swara (notes) and mandal
(group), representing its ability to produce a large number of
notes; it is also known popularly as surmandal.

42. Pandit Jasraj (born 28
January 1930) is an
Indian classical vocalist,
belonging to the Mewati
gharana.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasraj

43. 10. The Santoor (melody) is a trapezoid-shaped hammered
dulcimer or string musical instrument, originating from the Indian
subcontinent, generally made of walnut, usually with seventy-two
strings. It is a traditional instrument in Jammu and Kashmir.

44. Pandit Shivkumar Sharma (Santoor)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I4LP3ziNTlU&t=1241s

45. Differences between SITAR, VEENA,
and TANPURA
https://indianmusicaljourneyblog.wordpress.com/2016/04/08/differences-between-sitar-veena-and-tanpura/
This made me wonder if I knew anything about
the Sitar? What are the origins of the Sitar?
(even though I was an Indian classical music
student, I did not find this out before ). And how
many of us mistake the Sitar to be the same as
a Veena or a Tanpura? (we all do that as all of
them almost look the same.) Here are the
answers to these questions in a brief manner.

46. SITAR
A sitar belongs to the musical
instrument family call LUTE. Lute
family has all the plucked string
instruments (Plucking is a way of
pulling and releasing the string in a
particular way to make it vibrate or to
stop at a particular pitch. This can be
done with either a plectrum or a
finger.) The instruments in this family
are sitar,bass guitar, banjo,mandolin
etc).This instrument is mostly used in
Hindustani classical music ( There are
two forms of classical Music :
Hindustani and Carnatic).

47. There are basically two stories about the origin. The first
one is that the Sitar originated in the Middle East as the
word Sitar is derived from Persian word „Seh+ tar‟ meaning
three strings.
Sitar is still prevalent in the middle east. Another etymology
is that Sitar was derived from an Indian musical instrument
Veena and was called Sattar initially. In Hindi language,
„Sat + tar‟ means seven strings.

48. A very handsome young sitar artist

49. VEENA
This instrument is used in Indian classical music. It has two basic
versions. 1. Rudra Veena which belongs to the zither family and played
mostly in Hindustani Classical music. 2. Saraswati Veena which belongs
to the lute family and is mainly played in Carnatic Music.
The origin of Veena is supposed to be from Hindu Mythology where the
Indian Goddess of learning , Saraswati plays the Veena. Hence its cited
to be an ancient instrument. It is also speculated that the Middle eastern
instrument called „Vina‟ is inspired from Veena.

50. Saraswati Veena Artist: Dr. Jayanthi Kumaresh is one of the foremost
Veena artistes of India. Jayanthi comes from a lineage of musicians
who have been practicing Carnatic music for six generations and started
playing the Saraswati Veena at the age of 3.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayanthi_Kumaresh

51. Kaushiki Chakraborty
(Bengali: কৌশিকী চক্রবর্তী;
born 24 October 1980) is an
Indian classical vocalist and the
daughter of Ajoy Chakraborty.
She is from a well known musical
family of Calcutta.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaushiki_Chakraborty
Thank You for Watching

52. References
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_India
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_musical_instruments
3. https://indianmusicaljourneyblog.wordpress.com/2016/04/08/
differences-between-sitar-veena-and-tanpura/
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yTcW3MiWWXE
5. https://www.youtube.com
6. https://indianmusicaljourneyblog.wordpress.com/2016/04/08/
differences-between-sitar-veena-and-tanpura