English for the special purposes

2. • Environment means the surrounding conditions that
effects the lifestyle of living things.
• It includes biotic and abiotic components.
• Our surroundings includes natural and manmade
things.
• Human life gets affected by the environment and
hence we find differences in the human life of
different regions.

3. • All components which come into
existence naturally are included in natural
environment.
• The landforms on the earth, the climate,
soils, minerals, sunlight etc are components
of our natural environment.

5. • In order to enrich his life man has used
many natural resources and in this process
he has brought many changes in natural
environment. Human settlements, roads,
buildings, dams etc have developed through
this.

7. • THERE ARE MANY INTERACTIONS BETWEEN
BIOTIC [LIVING] AND ABIOTIC [NON LIVING]
COMPONENTS.
• ALL THE BIOTIC COMPONENTS DEPEND ON EACH
OTHER.WE BREATHE AIR THAT MEANS THERE IS AN
INTERACTION BETWEEN US[LIVING] AND THE AIR
[NON LIVING]
• PLANTS MAKE PRODUCE THEIR FOOD USING
SOLAR ENERGY.THAT MEANS THERE IS AN
INTERACTION BETWEEN ABIOTIC AND BIOTIC
COMPONENTS.

9. • Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, "house" or "living relations"; -λογία,
"study of") is the scientific study of the distributions, abundance
and relations of organisms and their interactions with the
environment.
• Ecology includes the study of plant and animal populations, plant
and animal communities and ecosystems.
• Ecosystem is all the plants and animals that live in a particular
area together with the complex relationship that exists between
them and their environment.
• All the natural regions wherein interactions takes place between
abiotic and biotic components are called ecosystem.
• For example, Aquatic Ecosystem, Forest Ecosystem, Lake
Ecosystem and Meadow Ecosystem.

12. THE CONSUMERS ARE FURTHER DIVIDED INTO:

13. • Plants utilize their own food and they
produce their own growth.
• The rest they store in the form of energy
plants are used by herbivorous animals as
food.

14. • Scavengers are animals that find dead animals or plants and
eat them. While they eat them, they break them into small bits.
In this simulation, flies, wasps and cockroaches are
scavengers. Earthworms are also scavengers, but they only
break down plants.
• Once a scavenger is done, the decomposers take over, and
finish the job. Many kinds of decomposers are microscopic,
meaning that they can't be seen without a microscope. Others,
like fungi, can be seen.

15. • WITH THE HELP OF SOLAR ENERGY; PLANTS
PRODUCE FOOD.
• FOOD IS ENERGY.
• THIS ENERGY GETS TRANSFERRED TO PRIMARY,
SECONDARYAND TERTIARY CONSUMERS TO
DECOMPOSERS. THIS COMPLETESTHE ENERGY
CYCLE.
• THE SEQUENTIAL TRANSFER OF ENERGY IN THE
FORM OF FOODIS CALLED FOOD CHAIN.
• LEVELS OF FOOD TRANSFER ARE CALLED FOOD
CHAIN.

16. • A CONSUMER CAN OBTAIN HIS FOOD IN
DIFFERENT WAYS.
• AS A RESULT,MULTIPLE FOOD CHAINS
COME INTO EXISTENCE IN AN
ECOSYSTEM.
• DIFFERENT FOOD CHAINS GET
CONNECTED TO FOOD WEB.

17. • SOME OF THE ENERGY GETS LOST AT EACH LEVEL.
DUE TO THIS WHILE MOVING FROM PRODUCERS TO
LOSS DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONSUMERS,THERE IS A
DECREASE IN ENERGY.
• IF ONE ATTEMTS DIAGRAMMATIC
REPRESENTATION OF THIS PROCESS THIS DIAGRAM
APPEARS LIKE A PYRAMID.THIS IS CALLED FOOD
CHAIN.

19. • IF THE NUMBER OF BIOMASS AND ORGANISM IS IN
PROPER PROPORTION AT DIFFERENT TROPHIC
LEVELS,THE ENVIRONMENT OF THAT REGION IS
SAID TO BE BALANCED.
• MAN HAS CLEARED THOUSAND HECTARES OF
FOREST LANDS FOR HIS DEVELOPMENT AS A
RESULT THE ENVIRONMENTAL BALANCE IS SAID TO
BE DISTURBED.
• MAN IS INTELLIGENT THAN OTHER
ORGANISM.THEREFORE IT IS HIS DUTY TO PROTECT
THE ENVIRONMENT