Item 2.b The transformative effects of the Paris Agreement
Ecosystem
1. Ecosystem
Prepared by ,
Mr. Snehal Patel
Assistant Professor,
Sumandeep Vidyapeeth,
Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
2. Ecosystem
The Living community of plants
and animals in any area
together with the non-living
components of the environment
such as soil, air and water,
constitute the ecosystem.
3. Structure and functions of an Ecosystem
Structural aspects
Components that make up the structural aspects of an ecosystem
includes
1. Inorganic aspects- C, N, CO2, H2O.
2. Organic compounds- Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids.
3. Climatic regimes- Temperature, Moisture, Light and Topography.
4. Producers- Plants.
5. Macro consumers- Phagotrophs- Large animals.
6. Micro consumers- Saprotrophs- Fungi.
4. Structure and functions of an Ecosystem
Functional aspects
1. Energy cycle.
2. Food cycle.
3. Diversity-interlinkages between organisms.
4. Nutrient Cycle- biogeochemical cycles.
5. Evolution.
5. Producers and Consumers
• Producers: A living thing that can make its own food.
• Examples: Plants, Trees, Flowers.
• Consumers: A living thing that gets its food from eating other living things.
• Example: Snakes eating rats, Polar bear eating a fish, A bird eating a berry,
A zebra eating grass.
• Decomposers: A living thing that breaks down other living things to get
nutrients and energy.
• Decomposers are also known as detrivores.
• Examples: Vultures eat dead animals, Worms and beetles eat dead
decaying plants, Bacteria and fungi which break down the organic
materials.
7. Food Web
• A food web consists of all the food
chain with in a particular ecosystem.
• In an ecosystem there are a very large
number of interlinked chains.
• If the linkages in the chains that make
up the web of life are disrupted due
to human activities that leads to loss
or extinction of species, the web
breaks down.
8. Important terminologies
• Population : A group of living things that live in the same place at the
same time.
• Example: many penguins live in the artic; many elephants live in the
African Savanna.
• Community: When different populations live together in the same
habitat and interact with each other.
• Example: Elephants, giraffes, and zebras all live together in the
Savanna.
• Abiotic: Any non-living organisms in an ecosystem.
• Biotic: Any living organisms in an ecosystem.