USA: FROM GEOGRAPHY TO CULTURE

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:
FROM GEOGRAPHY TO CULTURE

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CONTENTS
Introduction ……………………………..……………………………………..3
1. Geographical position of the USA…………………………………………..4
2. History………………………………………………………………………10
3. Climate and nature………………………………………………………….16
4. National symbols……………………………………………………………21
5. Population…………………………………………………………………..28
6. Administrative Division…………………………………………………….35
7. Political system……………………………………………………………..41
8. Industry and agriculture……………………………………………………..49
9. System of education………………………………………………………...53
10. Cultural life…………………………………………………………………59
11. The largest cities……………………………………………………………68
12. Famous places……………………………………………………………...75
Appendix…………………………………………………………………..…..82
Sources…………………………………………………………………………87

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INTRODUCTION
Every year a lot of immigrants come to the USA. And to feel them comfortable
they should know English. There is even an American variant of English.
The USA is a huge country of huge opportunities. Information about this country
will be interesting and useful for students. They will study about different aspects
of American life. And it will be a source of motivation in learning English.
Country study material forms a good stimulus for using English in real situations.
It encourages students’ progress, develops language, speech and social skills,
extends general outlook.
America is a true example of cultural diversity and also a fine paradigm of unity
in diversity. Despite the non-homogeneity of the population, the country has been
able to maintain its own unique culture whilst respecting the uniqueness of
different ethnicities.
“America is not just a country, it's an idea.”
Bono
“Give me liberty, or give me death!”
Patrick Henry
“Dreams are the foundation of America.”
Lupita Nyong'o
“America was not built on fear. America was built on courage on imagination
and an unbeatable determination to do the job at hand.”
Harry S. Truman

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GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF THE USA
The USA is the 3rd largest country in the world (after Russia and Canada ). It is
situated in central North America and stretches from the Pacific to the Atlantic
Ocean. It borders on Canada in the north and Mexico in the south and has a sea-
border with Russia. It also includes Alaska and Hawaii. The total area of the
country is 9,4 million square kilometres. The enormous size of the country
influences the diversity of landscape, climate and even people.
The USA is a federal republic, a union of 50 states. The capital of the country
Washington is situated in a special federal area called the District of Columbia.
The population of the country is about 331 million people. They are the people
of all races and nationalities, either descendants of immigrants or immigrants who
have come to America from all the countries of the world in search of
independence and self-realization.
It's impossible to generalize about the weather, the landscape and the way of
living because the nation occupies nearly half of a continent, which is divided into
4 time zones and has almost every type of climate. If you look at the map of the
USA you'll see snow-topped mountains and flat prairies, fertile valleys and deserts,
the areas of tropical heat and arctic cold.
One of the most important geographical boundaries in the USA is the 50-
centimetre rainfall line, which runs from north to south almost through the middle
of the country. East of the line farming, is relatively easy and the population is
large. There are man-made irrigation systems, dry farming, grazing and fewer
people west of the line.
The West is a mountainous area of the Rocky Mountains, the Cordillera and the
Sierra Nevada. The highest peak is Mount McKinley in Alaska (6,000 metres). As

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compared with the Appalachians in the east, the Rocky Mountains are sharp and.
rugged, over 4,000 metres high, rich in gold, copper, lead, silver and other minerals.
The USA has many thousands of streams. Some of them are mighty rivers, which
flow lazily across the valleys. Others rush swiftly down deep canyons and steep
gorges. The longest are the Mississippi (6,400 kilometres), «the farther of waters».,
the Missouri (1,600 kilometres) «too thin to plough and too thick to drink», the
Colorado wild, restless and angry, the Columbia full of quiet dignity and the Rio
Grand (3,200 kilometres), a national boundary between the USA and Mexico. The
Colorado forms the Grand Canyon, which strikes one's imagination as a fabulous
phenomenon of nature. Its perpendicular walls go up to 1,500 metres above the
river level. The USA has thousands of lakes of all kinds and sizes. The Great Lakes
make up the largest group; they are the greatest collection of fresh water lakes in
the world with the total area equal to that of Great Britain. Here the famous
Niagara Falls precipitate from the height of 50 metres. Among salty lakes the Great
Salt Lake in Utah and the Salton Sea in California are the most famous. They are
rich in salt (6,000 million tons).
Among the largest cities of the USA are New York, Los Angeles, Chicago,
Philadelphia, Detroit, San Francisco and others. But a great proportion of the
country consists of open land marked with farm-houses and small towns.
Vocabulary
to stretch – простягатися
to border on – межувати з
enormous – величезний
to influence on – впливати на
a descendant – нащадок
a self-realization – самореалізація
to generalize – узагальнювати
a prairie – прерія
fertile – родючий
a boundary – кордон
an irrigation system – система зрошування (поливу)
a grazing – пасовище, випас
dry farming – сухе землеробство
the Rocky Mountains – Скелясті гори
the Cordillera – Кордильєри
the Sierra Nevada – Сьєра Невада (гори в Каліфорнії)
the Appalachians – Апалаччі
a copper – мідь
a lead – свинець
to plough – розтинати хвилі; орати

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I. Match the pictures with the places
A B
C D
E F
G H
1. The Great Salt Lake 5. arctic cold
2. The Cordillera 6. The Mississippi
3. New York 7. tropical heat
4. prairies 8. The Grand Canyon

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II. Choose the correct variant
1. The USA is situated in……….. America
a. South c. north west
b. central North d. central South
2. It borders on…
a. Canada and Mexico c. Canada, Mexico and Russia
b. Canada and Cuba d. Canada and Greenland
3. The total area of the country is ….. million square kilometres.
a. 9,4 c. 8,7
b. 5,6 d. 240
4. The USA is a ………., a union of ….. states.
a. monarchy, 52 c. parliament republic, 51
b. democratic republic, 50 d. federal republic, 50
5. The population of the country is about …. million people.
a. 260 c.330
b. 331 d.210
6. The West is a ……….. area.
a. flat c. swampy
b. mountainous d. hot
7. The longest river is ….
A. the Missouri c. the Colorado
B. the Rio Grand d. the Mississippi
8. The capital of the USA is
a. Washington DC c. Chicago
b. San Francisco d. New York
III. True or false
1. The USA is the 2nd largest country in the world (after Russia and China).
2. The huge size of the country influences the diversity of landscape and climate.
3. At the map of the USA you'll see only mountains and forests.
4. One of the most important geographical boundaries in the USA is the 55-
centimetre rainfall line.
5. The highest peak is Mount McKinley in Alaska.
6. West of the line farming, is relatively easy and the population is large.
7. the Rio Grand forms a national boundary between the USA and Mexico.
8. The Missuori is the father of waters.
9. The Great Lakes make up the largest group; they are the greatest collection of
fresh water lakes in the world with the total area equal to that of Great Britain.
10. Among fresh water lakes the Great Salt Lake in Utah and the Salton Sea in
California are the most famous.
11. The famous Niagara Falls precipitate from the height of 50 metres.
12. A great proportion of the country consists of open land marked with farm-
houses and small towns.

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IV. Answer the questions:
1. Where is the USA situated?
2. What is its size? Population?
3. Who lives in the USA?
4. Is it easy to describe its landscape and climate? Why?
5. What influences on the agriculture of the USA?
6. What are mountains, rivers and lakes in the USA?
V. Fill in the gaps
1. The _________ of the country is about ________ people.
2. They are the people of all ________ and nationalities, either _________ of
immigrants or immigrants who have come to America from all the countries of the
world in search of ___________and __________.
3. One of the most _________ geographical boundaries in the USA is the 50-
centimetre rainfall line, which runs from north to _______ almost through the
middle of the country.
4. East of the line _______, is relatively _______ and the population is large.
5. There are man-made ________ systems, dry farming, _______ and fewer people
west of the line.
6. The _______ Mountains are sharp and. rugged, over 4,000 metres high, rich in
gold, ________, lead, _________ and other minerals.
VI. Critical thinking and group work
Fishbone
Discuss the problem of immigration. Fish head is a problem, bones are causes and
consequences, tail is a conclusion (solution).
Pick the cards “New York”, “Washington”, “Chicago” and divide in three
groups. First group think of head, second - 2 fish bones, third - 2 fish bones, a
tail - think together.
Descendants, independence, important, copper, farming, grazing, south,
irrigation, lead, population, rocky, easy, races, self-realization,260 million
The population of the country is about 331 million people. They are the people of
all races and nationalities, either descendants of immigrants or immigrants who
have come to America from all the countries of the world in search of
independence and self-realization.

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freedom and great possibilities
liberty
bright illusion of
big money democracy
VII. Listening
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RhPlrgk0-0
Scan Qr code and watch the video
Complete the sentences:
1. The great amount of water is …..
2. There are …. continental states.
3. …. are in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
4. The largest state is…..
5. The smallest state is ….
6. There are ….. geographical groups of states.
VIII. Speaking
Make dialogues on the topics
 Huge country - huge nature
 Each state differs from its neighbor
IX. Writing
Write a wish list of places you would like to visit in the USA. Explain your choice.
Immigran
ts look for
a better
life
Multi
culture

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Native Americans lived in the Americas for thousands of years. Columbus
discovered North America in 1492. English people in 1607 went to the place now
called Jamestown, Virginia. Other European settlers went to the colonies, mostly
from England and later Great Britain. France, Spain, and the Netherlands also
colonized North America. In 1775, a war between the thirteen colonies and Britain
began when the colonists were upset over paying taxation to their government in
the UK, but were not being given any chance to vote in the UK/British elections, to
contribute to how that money was spent.
On July 4, 1776, Founding Fathers wrote the United States Declaration of
Independence. They won the Revolutionary War and started a new country. They
signed the constitution in 1787 and the Bill of Rights in 1791. General George
Washington, who had led the war, became its first president. During the 19th
century, the United States gained much more land in the West and began to
become industrialized. In 1861, several states in the South attempted to leave the
United States to start a new country called the Confederate States of America. This
caused the American Civil War. As a result the slavery was abolished. After the
war, Immigration resumed. Some Americans became very rich in this Gilded Age,
and the country developed one of the largest economies in the world.
In the early 20th century, the United States became a world power, fighting
in World War I and World War II. Between the wars, there was an economic boom
called the Roaring Twenties, when many people became richer, and a bust, called
the Great Depression, when most were poorer. The Great Depression ended with
World War II.
The United States and the Soviet Union entered the Cold War. This included
wars in Korea and Vietnam. During this time, African-Americans, Chicanos, and
women sought more rights. In the 1970s and 1980s, the United States started
to make fewer things in factories. The country then went through the
worst recession it had since the Great Depression. In the late 1980s, the Cold War
ended, helping the United States out of recession.
The Middle East became more important in American foreign policy,
especially after the September 11 attacks in 2001. In the 2010s, Barack Obama's

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presidency helped many domestic problems in the country such as
the auto business and healthcare coverage. After Obama, the country saw a rise
in populist politics with the presidency of Donald Trump. In 2020, the country
oversaw the COVID-19 pandemic, social unrest over racial justice and disputes
over the 2020 election results which led to violent reactions. Joe Biden became a
president in 2021.
George Washington(1732-1799)
First president of the USA
Vocabulary
native Americans - корінні американці (індіанці)
a settler - поселенець
to gain land - одержати землю
Founding Fathers - батьки-засновники (7 політичних діячів:
Д.Адамс, Б.Франклін, А.Гамільтон, Д.Джей, Т.Джефферсон,
Д.Медісон та Д.Вашингтон)
the Confederate States of America - Конфедеративні Штати Америки
the Civil War - Громадянська війна (1861-1865)
the Gilded Age - Позолочений вік
the Roaring Twenties - ревучі двадцяті
a bust - банкрутство
the Great Depression - Велика Депресія
a Chicano - латиноамериканець
a recession - рецесія (загальне зниження економічної активності)
Populist politics - популістська політика (протиставлення широких
мас еліті)
To oversee - спостерігати
Social unrest - соціальні хвилювання
Racial justice - расова справедливість

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I. What’s happened on these dates?
1492 1861-1865
1607 2001
1776 2010
1787 2020
1791 2021
1. Native Americans are
a. English c. Indians
b. Spanish d. French
2. English people in 1607 went to the place now called …
a. Jamestown, Virginia c. San Francisco, California
b. Washington, DC d. Miami, Florida
3. Why did a war begin between the thirteen colonies and Britain?
a. the UK demanded soldiers to its army
b. colonies didn’t like the British monarchy
c. the colonists were not being given any chance to vote in the UK/British
elections.
d. British government wanted higher taxes
4. Who wrote the United States Declaration of Independence?
a. Founding Fathers c. Founding Mothers
b. Barack Obama d. British queen
5. What War created the USA?
a. World War I c. the Cold War
b. the Civil War d. World War II
6. The Gilded Age is…..
a. country developed one of the largest economies in the world
b. The USA got a contribution from Japan
c. the government gave everybody gold
d. Americans became the richest nation in the world
7. Who sought more rights in the USA?
a. immigrants c. African-Americans, Chicanos, women
b. poor people d. politicians
8. The Roaring Twenties are…
a. period of the Great Depression
b. development of agriculture
c. period when many people became richer
d. bust of economy
9. The USA took part in military conflicts in
a. South Africa and Egypt
b. Vietnam, Korea and Afghanistan
c. Iraq, Iran and Russia
d. Mexico and Columbia

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III. True or false
1. Columbus discovered North America in 1592.
2. France, Spain, Italy and the Netherlands also colonized North America.
3. In 1775, a war between the thirteen colonies and Britain began.
4. On July 4, 1776, Founding Brothers wrote the United States Declaration of
Independence.
5. General George Washington became the first president.
6. Slavery was abolished after the Civil war.
7. Some Americans became very poor in the Gilded Age.
8. The United States and the Soviet Union entered the Cold War.
9. African-Americans, Chicanos, and women sought more rights.
10. In the 2010s, Barack Obama's presidency helped many politic problems in the
country.
11. In 2020, the country oversaw the COVID-19 pandemic, social unrest over
racial justice.
12. Joe Biden became a president in 2021.
IV. Complete the sentences
1. During the 19th century, the United States gained …..
2. In 1861, several states in the South ……
3. The United States became a world power …..
4. In the 1970s and 1980s …..
5. In the late 1980s, the Cold War …..
6. After Obama, the country saw a rise …..
V. Answer the questions
1. Who were the first settlers in the USA?
2. What were steps to Independence?
3. What caused the American Civil war?
4. When did the Great Depression end?
5. What do you know about the participation of the USA in the wars?
6. What American presidents do you know?
VI. Critical thinking and group work
The civil rights movement was a struggle for social justice that took place
mainly during the 1950s and 1960s for Black Americans to gain equal rights
under the law in the United States. The Civil War had officially abolished
slavery, but it didn’t end discrimination against Black people—they continued
to endure the devastating effects of racism, especially in the South. By the mid-
20th century, Black Americans had had more than enough of prejudice and
violence against them. They, along with many white Americans, mobilized and
began an unprecedented fight for equality that spanned two decades. The most
famous leader was Martin Luther King.

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Read the text and play your roles.
VII. Listening
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGYFRzf2Xww
Discuss the statements
1. White people were always scared and killed savages, witches and slaves.
2. “I love my gun” said Americans in the cartoon.
3. Slaves have no money in the richest country.
4. Samuel Colt was a national hero.
5. KKK (Ku Klux Klan) appeared in 1871 to protect “masters”.
You are a young
Black American girl.
You are dreaming to
become a lawyer.
But your mates at
college flout you.
What will you do?
You are a
member of a
right
organization and
fights against
discrimination
You are against
Black Americans.
America is for White
only

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6. In 1955 a Black woman refused to live a bus. It was a starting point for fighting
equal rights in the American society.
7. NRA (National Rifle Association). Americans are mad about their weapons.
8. Would you like to live in the USA? Aren’t you afraid?
VIII. Speaking
Express your opinion
“Conflicts created the USA”
IX. Writing
Write an annotation to a book about a history of the USA. It can be a brief history
or you can choose one particular episode or event.

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CLIMATE AND NATURE
The USA is situated in the central part of the North American Continent. It is
washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the east, by the Pacific Ocean in the west and by
the Gulf of Mexico in the south. The climate varies from moderate to subtropical.
Along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts it is oceanic.
Most of the USA territory is marked by sharp differences between winter and
summer. Average winter temperature is about 25 degrees below zero in Alaska and
up to 20 degrees above zero in Florida. Average summer temperature varies from
14 degrees above zero in the western part and up to 32 degrees above zero in the
southeast. The largest amount of rainfall is noted in Alaska and the southwest of
the country. In winter the northern part of the USA usually has a steady snow
cover.
The largest rivers of the USA are the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Yukon, the
Columbia, and the Colorado. The Great Lakes are situated in the northeast of the
country. The region of the Cordilleras has semi-deserts, while the rest of the
territory is rich in forests.
The plains of Wyoming, stretching for hundreds of miles, are covered with short
grass and sagebrush. This is the land of cattle- and sheep breeding. The south of
the country has been an agricultural region for many years. It raises the nation's
cotton and tobacco. The USA also grows wheat, corn and different vegetables.
In California, where the climate is usually mild, the famous fruit-raising area is
located. Californian oranges, grapefruit and lemons are sold all over the USA and
other parts of the world.
There are a lot of national parks in the USA, the aim of which is to preserve the
beauty and treasures of the nature.
Vocabulary
an average temperature - середня температура
moderate - помірний
amount of rainfall - кількість опадів
snow cover - сніговий покрив
a semi-desert - напівпустеля
a plain - рівнина
a sagebrush - полин
cattle breeding - вирощування великої рогатої худоби
cotton - бавовна
tobacco - тютюн
wheat - пшениця
an aim - мета, ціль
to preserve - зберігати
a treasure - скарб

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I. Choose the correct variant
1. The climate in the USA
a. continental c.varies from moderate to subtropical
b. Moderate d. varies from continental to subtropical
2. The largest amount of rainfall is noted in….
a. Alaska and the southwest of the country
b. Florida and the north of the country
c. Wyoming and the southwest of the country
d. the Cordilleras
3. The region of the Cordilleras has ….., while the rest of the territory is rich in …..
a. plains, lakes c. hills, fields
b. deserts, forests d. semi-deserts, forests
4. …..is the land of cattle- and sheep breeding.
a. Wyoming c. Utah
b. South Carolina d. California
5. Cotton and tobacco are grown in the…..
a. north c. west
b. south d. east
6. The famous fruit-raising area is located in
a. New Jersey c. New York
b. Philadelphia d. California
7. The lowest, driest and hottest place in the USA is…
a. the Death Valley c. the Dead Sea
b. the Grand Canyon d. the Black Valley
8. Nowadays in the Death Valley is ….. produced
a. solar power c. sand power
b. wind power d. hydro power
II. True or false
1. The USA is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the east, by the Pacific Ocean in
the west and by the Gulf of Alaska in the south.
2. Along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts climate is oceanic.
3. Most of the USA territory is marked by sharp differences between spring and
autumn.
4. The largest amount of rainfall is noted in Alaska and the southwest of the
country.
5. In winter the northern part of the USA usually has a steady snow cover.
6. The plains of California are covered with short grass and sagebrush.
7. The USA grows wheat, corn and different vegetables.
8. The climate in California is rather severe.
9. There are a lot of national parks in the USA, the aim of which is to destroy the
beauty and treasures of the nature.
10. The Death Valley is in California.

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III. Fill in the gaps
1. The …… varies from ……. to subtropical.
2. Along the …… and Atlantic coasts it is oceanic.
3. Average winter …… is about 25 degrees below zero in Alaska and up to 20
degrees above zero in ……. .
4. .…..summer temperature varies from 14 degrees above zero in the …… part
and up to 32 degrees above zero in the southeast.
5. The largest amount of …… is noted in…… and the southwest of the country.
6. In winter the ……part of the USA usually has a steady …… cover.
IV. Answer the questions
1. What is the climate of the USA?
2. What are the average temperatures?
3. What influences on the differences in the climate?
4. What can you say about the agriculture in the USA?
5. What is the driest place in the USA?
6. How do Americans use it?
V. Listening
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4A4Ecq2gWU
Watch the video. It is both educational and entertaining
Make a list of American animals
1. A bison
2. A black bear
3. A bald eagle (білоголовий орлан)
4. A coyote
5. An elk (лось)
moderate, average, rainfall, Pacific, western, snow, northern, Florida, climate,
temperature, Alaska

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6. A racoon (єнот)
7. A muscox (вівцебик)
8. A grizzly bear (ведмідь грізлі)
9. A beaver (бобер)
10. A canada goose (канадська казарка)
11. A pronghorn (вилоріг)
12. An alligator
13. A bobcat (руда рись)
14. A turkey
15. A prairie dog
16. A moose (лось)
17. A caribou (північний олень)
18. A gila monster (жілатьйо)
19. A bighorn sheep (товсторіг)
20. Labrador retriever
21. A chihuahua
22. An American cocker spaniel
23. A Boston terrier
Do you like the conception of this video? What emotions did you get?
Group work. Vocabulary practice
Each group gets letters of “animals”. Task is to gather as more possible “animals”
from the video.
VI. Speaking
Make a dialogue on one of the topics:
 I adore oranges that’s why I’d like to live in California
 We’re going to visit the Death Valley. Our plans.
VII. Writing
Imagine that you had a tour across the USA. Write a letter to your parents. Include
following information:
- general information about nature and climate;
- what animals you liked most;
- your positive and negative impressions.

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NATIONAL SYMBOLS OF THE USA
The American flag is often called "The Stars and Stripes", it is also called "Old
Glory". It represents the growth of the nation. It has 13 horizontal stripes, 7 red and
6 white which stand for the original 13 states. In the top left hand corner there are
50 white stars on a blue background: one star for each state.
The national anthem of the United States is "The Star Spangled Banner".The
words written during the Anglo-American war of 1812-1814 and set to the music
of an old song. Every state has its own flag, its own emblem and its own anthem
too.
The eagle became the national emblem of the country in 1782. It has an olive
branch (a symbol of peace) and arrows (a symbol of strength). You can see the
eagle on the back of a dollar bill.
The Statue of Liberty is the symbol of American democracy. It stands on
Liberty Island in New York. It is one of the first things people see when they arrive
in New York by sea. This National Monument was a present from France to the
USA. France gave the statue to America in 1884 as a symbol of friendship. Liberty

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carries the torch of freedom - in her right hand. In her left hand she is holding a
tablet with the inscription "July 4, 1776" - American Independence Day.

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I. Match pictures with their definitions
1. Bald eagle 7. Oak tree
2. Great seal 8. A flag
3. The White House 9. A national flower
4. The Statue of Liberty 10. Lincoln Statue
5. A star 11. A pledge
6. Baseball 12. Uncle Sam
A B C
Vocabularly
an arrow - стріла
a torch - факел
a tablet - табличка, дощечка
to supply - забезпечувати
a barrel - бочка
a beef - яловичина
a shipment - відправлення, вантаж
to stick (stuck, stuck) - тут закріпитися
a bald eagle - білоголовий орлан
a great seal - велика печатка Сполучених Штатів
an oak tree - дуб
a pledge - присяга

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1. The name of the American flag is
a. Union Jack c. The Stars and Stripes
b. Red dragon d. The stars and circles
2. The flag has ….. horizontal stripes, …. red and …. white
a. 14, 7, 7 c. 13, 6, 7
b. 13, 7, 6 d. 6, 7, 13
3. In the top left hand corner there are 50….. stars on a …… background
a. white, blue c. blue, white
b. white, red d. white, black
4. The national anthem of the United States is
a. the Star Spangled Banner c. La Marseillaise
b. God save the Queen d. I love New York
5. The national emblem of the country is
a. a lion c. a bear
b. a swan d. a bald eagle
6. .….. is the symbol of American democracy.
a. The Statue of Liberty c. Lincoln Statue
b. The Statue of Glory d. The Statue of Labour
7. The Statue of Liberty is in……
a. New York c. Chicago
b. Washington d. London
8. ….… gave the statue to America in 1884 as a symbol of friendship.
a. Canada c. France
b. Great Britain d. Spain
9. The favourite person of Americans is
a. Aunt Polly c. Cousin Fred
b. Uncle Sam d. Mother Goose
10. The national flower is …..
a. a daffodil c. a tulip
b. a sunflower d. a rose
11. “Stone presidents” live in
a. White House c. Mount McKinley
b. Mount Rushmore d. Green Hills
12. The National sport is ……
a. baseball c. surfing
b. softball d. soccer
III. True or false. Correct if it is false
1. The American flag is often called "The Stars and Stripes", it is also called "New
Glory".
2. The flag has 50 white stars on a blue background: two stars for each state.
3. The bald eagle on the emblem has an olive branch and arrows.
4. The Statue of Liberty is the symbol of the American dream.

26
5. Liberty carries the torch of freedom - in her right hand. In her left hand she is
holding a tablet with the inscription "July 4, 1776" - American Independence Day.
6. Uncle Sam symbolizes the federal government.
7. He supplied the army with beef in barrels.
8. One of the national symbols of the USA is a birch tree.
9. Americans are fond of baseball.
10. There are three presidents in Mount Rushmore.
11. A pledge isn’t important for Americans.
12. Americans are proud of their national symbols.
1. What is the national flag of the USA?
2. How many stripes and stars are on the flag? What do they mean?
3. What is the anthem of the USA?
4. What is the Coat of Arms of the USA?
5. Where is the Statue of Liberty? Describe it.
6. Who was Uncle Sam?
7. What another symbols of the USA do you know?
8. Who are four presidents in Mount Rushmore?
9. What is an American pledge?
V. Group work. Chinese whisper
Play this game in two or three groups. Each group gets four (five) words-national
symbols on cards. One participant read silent and then whisper it to his/her
classmate. The last participant should name this word aloud (or write). That team
wins who has maximum right words.
VI. Listening
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDgPjkNAOd8
Fill in the table while watching
National flag
National flower
National tree
National sport
National emblem

27
National motto
National reptile
National instrument
National fish
National bird
National fruit
National mammal
National currency
National dish
National colors
National memorial
National monument
National vegetable
National amphibian
National pet
National pledge and creed
National anthem
Symbol of government
Express your opinion. Is it necessary to have so many national symbols. What do
Americans need they for? What of them are really important?
VII. Speaking
Explain why hamburgers are american national dish. What is the role of unhealthy
food in the life of Americans.
VIII. Writing
The USA is a country of great
patriots. Americans are proud
of their country. Write about
their national symbols and
patriotic words. Think of the
causes of their patriotism and
national pride.

28
POPULATION OF THE USA
 The United States 2021 population is estimated at 331,002,651 people at mid
year according to UN data.
 The United States population is equivalent to 4.25% of the total world
population.
 The U.S.A. ranks number 3 in the list of countries (and dependencies) by
population.
 The population density in the United States is 36 per Km2 (94 people per mi2).
 The total land area is 9,147,420 Km2 (3,531,837 sq. miles)
 82.8 % of the population is urban (273,975,139 people in 2020)
 The median age in the United States is 38.3 years.
The USA is one of the biggest English-speaking countries in the world. It is also
the third biggest country according to its area and population. Currently, the
population of the USA is over 331 million people.
It is one of the most diverse places in the world. Many nationalities and races
inhabit the USA. Several centuries ago the population of the USA accounted only
3 million inhabitants. However, every year many immigrants move to the USA, so
the population rapidly grows. Native American people have come from Indian
tribes. The first immigrants who settled down in America were the English and the
Dutch. Later on, Hispanic and Asian settlers flocked to the USA in large numbers.
The country was even once called a “melting pot”, because of its multinational
population.
As it is known there are 50 official states in the USA. At the moment, the most
populated of all states is California, a state in the western part of the country.
Another populous state is situated in the east of the USA, at the Atlantic Coast. It’s
the state of New York. Some other fast growing states are Colorado, Arizona and
Florida.
It is expected that by the year 2050, the population of the USA will reach 420
million.

30
1. The USA is one of the biggest ……..speaking countries in the world.
a. Spanish c. English
b. Dutch d. Asian
2. The U.S.A. ranks number ….. in the list of countries by …..
a. 3, population c. 4, population
b. 5, area d. 1, hamburger lovers
3. 82.8 % of the population is …..
a. rural c. male
b. urban d. female
4. Every year …… immigrants move to the USA.
a. little c. less
b. None d. many
5. Native American people have come from …….
a. Indian tribes
b. English and Dutch settlers
c. Incas tribes
d. Slavonic tribes
6. The country was even once called a……. , because of its multinational
population.
a. boiling saucepan c. melting pot
b. colorful necklace d. hot frying pan
7. The most populated of all states is ……
a. Pennsylvania c. Arkansas
b. California d. Maryland
8. It is expected that by the year 2050, the population of the USA will reach ….
million.
a. 420 c. 500
b. 300 d. 380
9. The biggest ethnic group in the USA is…..
Vocabulary
ethnic diversity - етнічна різноманітність
to decline - відмовитися
to self identify - самоідентифікуватися
to estimate - оцінювати
a population density - густота населення
a median age - середній вік
to inhabit - населяти
Dutch - голандець
Hispanic - латиноамериканець
to flock - сходитися, скупчуватися
a melting pot - плавильний котел

31
a. Asian c. Afro American
b. White d. Hispanic
10. Population decrease is only in…..
a. New York c. Oregon
b. Texas d. West Virginia
11. The population density in the United States is ….. per Km2
a. 36 c. 46
b. 56 d.26
12. The population of the USA is over ….. million people.
a. 290 c.420
b. 300 d. 331
II. True or false
1. The United States population is equivalent to 4.25% of the total world
population.
2. The USA is one of the smallest English-speaking countries in the world.
3. Several decades ago the population of the USA accounted only 3 million
inhabitants.
4. The first immigrants who settled down in America were the French and the
Dutch.
5. One of the most populous state is situated in the east of the USA, at the Atlantic
Coast. It’s the state of New York.
6. The fast growing states are Colorado, Arizona and West Virginia.
7. The biggest ethnic groups are American Indian and Native Hawaiian.
8. 4,8 % of Americans declined to self identify.
9. Nevada is the first by population growth state.
10. The highest population density is in the centre of the country.
11. 52.8 % of the population is urban.
12. It is expected that by the year 2050, the population of the USA will reach 420
million.
1.The ……of the USA is over 331 million people.
2. It is one of the most ….. places in the world.
3. Many ……and races…… the USA.
4. Native American people have come from ….. tribes.
5. The ….. immigrants who settled down in America were the……. and
the…… .
6.Later on, Hispanic and ……settlers flocked to the USA in large numbers.
7. The country was even once called a “ ……pot”, because of its population.
melting, Asian, nationalities, Dutch, first, population, Indian, diverse,
multinational, inhabit, English

32
1. What is the number of the population in the USA?
2. What is the ethnic diversity?
3. Why do they call America “a melting pot”?
4. What states are the most populous?
5. Where is the highest population - in the cities or in the country?
6. What is the population density in the USA?
V. Group work
Work in two groups. Analyze what countries immigrants come from.
Mention number of immigrants in total US population.
What appears from this melting pot?

33
VI. Listening
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Ctb5s1sRwQ
What is the difference between “melting pot” approach and “salad bowl”
approach?
What approach is more popular in the USA in your opinion?
VII. Speaking
Look at the concepts of the American society. What is the most suitable? Find
advantages and disadvantages in each model.

34
VIII. Writing
The United States of America is a country of big dreams. A lot of people come
here every day. Write a small composition “ A real American: who are you.” Use
one of the theories or offer your own.

35
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION OF THE USA
The United States of America is a federal republic consisting of 50 states,
a federal district (Washington, D.C., the capital city of the United States), five
major territories, and various minor islands. The 48 contiguous states and
Washington, D.C., are in North America between Canada and Mexico. Alaska is
an exclave in the far northwestern part of North America, connected only to
Canada, and Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. Territories of the United
States are scattered throughout the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea.
According to the numerous decisions of the United States Supreme Court, the 50
individual states and the United States as a whole are each sovereign jurisdictions.
In addition to the 50 states and federal district, the United States
has sovereignty over 14 territories. Five of them (American Samoa, Guam,
the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands) have a
permanent, nonmilitary population, while nine of them do not. With the exception
of Navassa Island, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, which are located in
the Caribbean, all territories are located in the Pacific Ocean.

36
The top three biggest states by size:
1. Alaska (Total area: 665,384 square miles)
2. Texas (Total area: 268,596 square miles)
3. California (Total area: 163,696 square miles)
The smallest
1. Rhode Island (Total area: 1,544 square miles)
2. Delaware (Total area: 2,488 square miles)
3. Connecticut (Total area: 5,543 square miles)
The most populated states in the country:
1. California (Population: 39,613,493)

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2. Texas (Population: 29,730,311)
3. Florida (Population: 21,944,577)
4. New York (Population: 19,299,981)
5. Pennsylvania (Population: 12,804,123)
The less populated states are:
1. Wyoming (Population: 581,075)
2. Vermont (Population: 623,251)
3. District of Columbia (Population: 714,153)
4. Alaska (Population: 724,357)
5. North Dakota (Population: 770,026)
1. The USA consists of ….
a. 50 states
b. 50 states and a federal district
c. 48 states
d. 50 states, a federal district, five major territories, and various minor islands
2. A federal district is….
a. Washington D.C. c. Sacramento D.C.
b. New York D.Y d. Las Vegas D.N.
3. An exclave state is…..
a. Rhode Island c. Alaska
b. Texas d. Georgia
4. …... is in the Pacific ocean
a. Hawaii c. Alaska
b. Florida d. California
5. Territories of the United States are scattered throughout ……….
a. the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea
b. the Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea
c. the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea
d. The Pacific Ocean
Vocabulary
a federal district - федеральний округ
major territories - більші території
minor - менший, другорядний
contiguous - суміжний
an exclave - частина держави, відділена від неї територією іншої держави
to scatter - розкидати, розсіювати
the Supreme Court - Верховний Суд
sovereign jurisdiction - суверенна юрисдикція
permanent - постійний
the Northern Mariana Islands - Північні Маріанські острови
the Virgin Islands - Віргінські острови

38
6. The United States has sovereignty over …… territories.
a. 10 c.50
b. 9 d.14
7. Five of them …….. have a permanent, nonmilitary population, while nine of
them do not.
a. American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and
the U.S. Virgin Islands
b. Cuba, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin
Islands
c. American Samoa, Guam, the Southern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and
the U.S. Virgin Islands
d. American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S.
Virgin Islands
8. The second biggest state is….
a. Alaska c. Wyoming
b. California d. Texas
9. The smallest state is ……
a. Rhode Island c. Iowa
b. Maryland d. West Virginia
10. The less populated state is ….
a. Vermont c. Wyoming
b. Alaska d. North Dakota
11. The capital city of California state is ……
a. Los Angeles c. Hollywood
b. Sacramento d. San Diego
12. The capital city of New York state is…..
a. New York c. Buffalo
b. Albany d. Hudson
II. True or false
1. The United States of America is a federal republic.
2. The 48 contiguous states and Washington, D.C., are in North
America between Canada and Mexico.
3. Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Atlantic.
4. According to the numerous decisions of the United States Congress and Senate,
the 50 individual states and the United States as a whole are each sovereign
jurisdictions.
5. Puerto Rico is in the Pacific Ocean.
6. The most populated state is New York.
7. The capital city of Colorado is Denver.
8. The capital city of Montana is Helena.
9. The third largest state is Nevada.
10. The capital city of Washington state is Olympia.
11. Midway atoll has permanent nonmilitary population.
12. The capital city of Nevada is Las Vegas.

39
III. Complete the sentences
1. The USA consists of ……
2. Alaska is situated ……..
3. Washington D.C. is …….
4. Each state has its …….
5. Puerto Rico is …….
6. The biggest state is …..
7. The smallest state is ……
8. The most populated state is …..
9. The less populated state is …..
10. The capital city of Texas is ……
1. What republic is the USA?
2. What does it consist of ?
3. Are all the states contiguous?
4. What territories do the USA have sovereignty over?
5. What is the capital city of Florida?
6. What is the capital city of Alaska?
V. Look at the pictures and fill in the table
State California New York Nevada Texas
Nickname
Capital
Symbols
Motto
Largest cities
Attractions

40
The largest city is Houston
Attractions the Alamo, San Antonio’s River Walk,Space Center Houston

41
VI. Listening
Watch the video about Hawaii
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mp_RqqlXc9o
Complete the sentences
1. Hawaii was discovered….
2. Hawaii became a US territory in …..
3. The 50th
state of the USA ….
4. When most people think of Hawaii they think of …. and famous Waikiki….
5. Hawaii consists of ….
6. There are main …..islands.
7. The most populated island is ….
8. The capital city is ….
9. The nickname is …..
10. “ono” means ….
11. Hawaii is famous for…
12. I like ….. most of all.
VII. Speaking
Make dialogues about the administrative division of the USA. One of you is an
American, another knows nothing about the states. Explain him the main
information.
VIII. Writing
Choose one state and write about its area, population, symbols, largest cities and
attractions. Explain why you have chosen it.

42
POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE USA
Washington, the capital of the United States, is situated on the Potomac River
in the District of Columbia. The district is a piece of land which doesn't belong to
any state but to all the states.
Under the Constitution, the federal government is divided into three branches.
The legislative power is vested in Congress and made up of two houses: the Senate
and the House of Representatives. There are 435 members in the House of
Representatives and 100 senators. Each state elects two members of the 100-
member Senate.
The executive branch is headed by the President, who proposes bills to Congress,
enforces federal laws, serves as commander-in-
chief of the Armed Forces and with the approval of the Senate, makes treaties.
President can veto a bill unless Congress by a two-thirds vote shall overrule him.
The Vice President, elected from the same political party as the President, acts
as chairman of the Senate, and in the event of the death of the President assumes
the Presidency.
The judicial branch is made up of Federal District Courts,
11 Federal Courts and the Supreme Court. Federal judges are appointed by the
President for life. Federal courts decide cases involving federal law, conflicts
between citizens of different states. The Supreme court may rule the law to be
unconstitutional.
Now about the elections. The President is chosen in nation-
wide elections every 4 years together with the Vice President.

43
Constitution has been amended 26 times. The Bill of Rights guarantees individu
al liberties: freedom of speach, religion and so on. Later amendments abolished
slavery, granted the right to vote to women and allowed citizens to vote at age 18.
Joe Biden, President of the USA Kamala Harris, Vice President

44
1. Under the Constitution, the federal government is divided into ….. branches.
a. two c.three
b. three d. four
2. The legislative power is vested in…..
a. Congress c. Supreme Court
b. Executive Office d. Governors
3. Congress is made up of two houses. ……
a. Executive Office and the Senate
b. the Supreme Court and federal courts
c. the Senate and the House of Representatives
d. the Supreme Court and the Senate
4. There are ….members in the House of Representatives and …. senators.
a. 435, 100 c. 400, 135
b. 100, 435 d. 335, 100
5. The executive branch is headed by the …..
a. Vice President c. federal judge
b. Governor d. President
6. The President with the approval of the ….., makes treaties.
a. Senate c. Congress
b. House of Representatives d. Supreme Court
7. President can veto a bill unless Congress by a ……. vote shall overrule him.
a. two-thirds c. one-thirds
b. halves d. 100%
8. The Vice President acts as chairman of the …….
a. Senate c. House of Representatives
b. Congress d. Supreme Court
9. The judicial branch is made up of….
a. Federal courts
Vocabulary
legislative - законодавчий
executive - виконавчий
judicial - судовий
House of Representatives - Палата представників
to enforce - виконувати
the Armed Forces -збройні сили
a commander-in-chief - головнокомандуючтий
to make treaties - досягати домовленостей
to overrule -відміняти
to amend - вносити поправки
the Executive Office - Адміністративна канцелярія
a governor - губернатор
to declare - проголошувати

45
b. Senate and Congress
c. Federal District Courts, 11 Federal Courts and the Supreme Court
d. Federal District Courts, 11 Federal Courts, the Supreme Court and the Senate
10. The President is chosen every ….. years
a. 5 c.7
b. 6 d. 4
11. Citizens are allowed to …… at the age of 18.
a. drive a car c. buy alcohol
b. walk alone d. vote
12. ….. was elected as the president of the USA in 2021
a. George Bush c. Donald Trump
b. Barack Obama d. Joe Biden
II. True or false
1. The District of Columbia is a piece of land which doesn't belong to any state but
to all the states.
2. The legislative power is vested in Congress and made up of two houses: the Sen
ate and the House of Representatives.
3. Each state elects three members of the 100-member Senate.
4. The legislative branch is headed by the President,who proposes bills to Congress,
serves as commander-in- chief of the Armed Forces.
5. The Vice President, elected from the same political party as the President, in the
event of the marriage of the President assumes the Presidency.
6. Federal judges are appointed by the President for 5 years.
7. The Supreme court may rule the law to be unconstitutional.
8. The Bill of Rights guarantees individual liberties: freedom of speach, religion
and so on.
9. Later amendments abolished slavery, granted the right to vote to women and
allowed citizens to vote at age 18.
10. Kamala Harris is a chairman of Congress.
11. Joe Biden is a commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces.
12. Americans can vote at the age of 21.
1. The federal government is divided into three branches: …. ….. ……
2. The legislative power is vested in …. and made up of two houses: the …. and t
he House of Representatives.
3. The executive branch is headed by the …..
4. The judicial branch is made up of …… District Courts,
11 Federal Courts and the ….. Court.
5. Constitution has been …..26 times.
Bill of Rights, judicial, President, Congress, amended, executive, Supreme,
legislative, Senate, Federal

46
6. The …. guarantees individual liberties: freedom of speach, religion and so on.
1. What branches is the state power divided into?
2. What does the legislative branch consist of?
3. Who is on the head of executive power?
4. What functions has the President?
5. Who is the chairman of the Senate?
6. What is the judicial branch?
7. Who is the President of the USA?
V. Listening
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z5cLtd0cxfo
Watch the video and say if the sentences true or false
1. There are two political parties in the USA - Democratic and Republican.
2. The Democrats color is blue.
3. The Republicans color is green.
4. The animal symbol of Democrats is a donkey.
5. The animal symbol of Republicans is an elephant.
6. Democrats are right-leaning.
7. Republicans respect traditions and believe in limited government.
8. Republican party is popular with voters who prioritize community and social
responsibility.
9. The party platforms have a different stance on gay marriage, abortion, gun
control, immigration, taxes and environmental politics.
10. California and Nevada are largely Democratic.
11. Alabama and Oklahoma are strong Republican states.
12. Florida is a swing state.
13. B. Obama and J. Biden are Democrats.
14. Trump is a Democrat too.

47
VI. Speaking.
Discuss the differences in programms of Republicans and Democrats.
2nd
Amendment is the right of the people to keep and bear Arms.
VII. Writing
Compare the Bill of rights in the USA and the Constitution of Ukraine. Write what
is common and what is quite different. What would you change in the American
Bill of Rights? What do you think of 2nd
Amendment? Do we need such a right in
Ukraine?

49
INDUSTRY AND AGRICULTURE IN THE USA
The United States is a highly industrialized country with various branches of
heavy industry prevailing, namely the mining, metallurgical , automobile and
chemical industries as well as engineering. Many branches of light industry are
also developed, among them are the textile, clothing, food and wood-working
industries.
The United States is rich in natural resources the main being iron ore, coal and
oil. The nation produces more than 100 million tons of iron a year. Four fifths of
the ore mined in the USA comes from the Great Lakes region. Though a great deal
of the ore has been used up, it resources have not been exhausted, most of the coal
mined in the USA is used by power plants to produce electricity. Coal is also used
in the chemical industry for the manufacture of plastics and other synthetics. The
production, processing and marketing of such oil products as petrol (called
“gasoline” or “gas” in the USA) make up one of America’s largest industries. The
basic metals and minerals mined in the United States are zinc, copper and silver.
There are two branches of agriculture in the United States. They are crop
production and animal husbandry. Some of the main crops grown in the USA are
wheat, maize, cotton, tobacco and fruit. Cattle breeding and pig raising make up an
important branch of America’s agriculture. Agriculture in the United States is
highly mechanized, only one farmer or farming labor are required per square
kilometer of farmland in average for agricultural production.
Motor industry heart – area of Detroit (the country northeast). High technologies
are most developed in a so-called Silicon Valley (California), Chicago,
Philadelphia, Boston, New York. Also New York – one of the world centres of

50
light industry, the fashion industry.
New industries are created as new discoveries are made in physics , chemistry
and other sciences. Atomic energy, for example, has created a wide range of new
industries. Electronics has become a major industry . Great emphasis is being made
on the war industry.
1. The United States is a highly industrialized country with various branches of ….
industry prevailing.
a. light c. wool
b. heavy d. chemical
2. Heavy industry in the USA includes
a. the mining, metallurgical , automobile and chemical industries as well as
engineering
b. metallurgical and automobile industries
c. textile and wood-working industries
d. the mining, metallurgical and chemical industries as well as engineering
3. Many branches of light industry are also developed, among them are ….
a. textile and automobile industries
b. wood-working and chemical industries
c. clothing and food industries
d. the textile, clothing, food and wood-working industries.
4. The United States is rich in natural resources the main being …..
a. gold and copper
b. iron ore, coal and oil
c. coal and aluminum
d. oil and petrol
5. Four fifths of the ore mined in the USA comes from …..
a. the Rocky Mountains c. Rushmore Mountain
b. Silicon Valley d. the Great Lakes region
Vocabulary
heavy industry - важка промисловість
mining - добування корисних копалин
iron ore - залізна руда
coal - вугілля
oil - нафта
to exhaust - виснажувати, вичерпувати
a manufacture - виробництво
petrol - бензин
husbandry - сільське господарство
maize - кукурудза
Silicon Valley - Силіконова долина
an emphasis - наголос, акцент

51
6. Most of the coal mined in the USA is used by power plants to produce ……
a. electricity c. wind energy
b. solar energy d. steam power
7. The basic metals and minerals mined in the United States are ……..
a. gold and silver c. zinc, copper and silver
b. copper and aluminum d. lead and gold
8.There are two branches of agriculture in the United States:
a. plants and domestic animals
b. crop production and animal husbandry
c. crop production and pig husbandry
d. wheat production and animal husbandry
9. …….. make up an important branch of America’s agriculture.
a. Sheep breeding and pig raising
c. Buffalo breeding and pig raising
d. Sheep and cattle breeding
e. Cattle breeding and pig raising
10. Motor industry heart is in area of …..
a. Detroit c. Sacramento
b. Boston d. Denver
11. Silicon Valley is in …..
a. California c. New York
b. Philadelphia d. Oregon
12. …... has become a major industry .
a. Mechanics c. IT-technologies
b. Electronics d. oil industries
II. True or false
1. The United States is a low industrialized country.
2. The United States is rich in natural resources the main being iron ore, coal and
oil.
3. The nation produces more than 100 million tons of iron a year.
4. Coal is also used in the oil industry for the manufacture of plastics and other
synthetics.
5. Maine and Alaska are specialized in fishing.
6. Aerospace isn’t developed in the USA.
7. Some of the main crops grown in the USA are wheat, rye, buckwheat, cereal and
barley.
8. Agriculture in the United States is low mechanized.
9. New York is one of the world centers of light industry, the fashion industry.
10. Atomic energy has created a wide range of new industries.
11. Great emphasis is being made on the peace industry.
12. Accommodation and food services are highly developed in Nevada.

52
III. Answer the questions
1. What branches of heavy/light industry are developed in the USA?
2. What natural resources is the USA rich in?
3. What is the mined coal used for ?
4. What are two branches of agriculture in the United States?
5. What is developed in so-called Silicon Valley?
6. What new industries are developed in the USA?
IV. Work in pairs
Look at the map. Name the states and agricultural branches
V. Listening
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzii1vitT2k
Fill in the gaps
High-Tech (High….. sector) is a ….. of American economics. We called them
the….. industries, ranged from arm to earth …. to ….. science. Aquion employs ….
130, workers, techniques, innovation, advanced, industries (2) , Pitsburgh,
8,7 %, batteries, software, future, space, life, energy, water, generators, raw

53
people. Advanced….. employ 12,3 million ….. which accounts for ….. of the U.S.
workforce. This for-profit business based in ….. PA invented environmentally
friendly ….. that can be used in large-scale …… systems like solar and wind
power…… The batteries use non-toxic materials like salt …. that acts as the
electrolyte. We take very simple …. materials. Advanced ……. use lots of
new ….., communicational and conceptual…… .
VI. Speaking
VII. Writing
Industrial agriculture is rather popular in the USA. Express
your opinion about this syntheses of industry and agriculture. Write about pros and
cons, use the scheme.
Industrial
agriculture is
the large-scale,
intensive
production of
crops and
animals, often
involving
chemical
fertilizers on
crops or the
routine, harmful
use of antibiotics
in animals
Express your opinion about
fast food restaurants in the
USA. What role do they
play in American trade?
How do they influence
people’s health? Why are
so popular among
Americans?

54
SYSTEM OF EDUCATION IN THE USA
The system of education in the USA varies greatly from state to state. School
education in so called state public schools is free. Parents are free to choose any
public school for their children. Although there are a lot of private schools, mainly
religious, and parents have to pay for them. A school year starts in September and
ends in June. It is divided into three terms or four quarters.
American children start attending elementary schools at the age of 6. They
continue their studies for eight years there (8 grades). Their basic subjects in the
curriculum at this stage are English, Arithmetic, Natural Science, History,
Geography, Foreign Language and some others. After that pupils may enter a
Senior high school or if they go to a 5- or 6-year elementary school, they then
attend a 3- or 4-year Junior high school, and then enter a Senior high school. Pupils
graduate from high schools at the age of 18. The high schools (also known as
secondary schools) are generally larger and accommodate teenagers from four or
five elementary schools. During the school year the students study four or five
selective subjects according to their professional interests. They must complete a
certain number of courses to receive a high school diploma or a certificate of
school graduation.
In order to develop social skills and encourage students’ participation in
extracurricular activities every high school has an orchestra, a music band, a choir,
drama groups, football, basketball and baseball teams. School becomes the centre
of social life for students.

55
At American colleges and universities young people get higher education. They
study for 4 years and get a Bachelor's degree in arts or science. If a student wants
to get a Master's degree he must study for two more years and do a research work.
Students who want to advance their education even further in a specific field can
pursue a Doctor degree. The most famous American universities are Harvard,
Princeton, Stanford, Yale, Columbia Universities.
Educational standards in the US
High schools maintain a school ‘transcript’ for each student, summarizing the
courses taken, the grades attained and other relevant data. If a student wishes to go
on to college or university, his high school submits copies of his transcript to the
college. College or university acceptance is also based upon personal
recommendations from teachers, achievements outside school (e.g. extra-curricular
and sports achievements), and college aptitude tests. Students in their junior year
may take the Preliminary Scholastic Aptitude Test (PSAT), which is a good guide
to their chances of acceptance by the college of their choice. They may also take
the National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test (NMSQT), which is used to screen
the top academic students in the nation for scholarship consideration.
Students planning to go to college take national college aptitude tests during
their last two years in high school, set by various independent institutions. Some
colleges also require students to take Achievement (Ach.) Tests. Tests are of the
multiple-choice type and aren’t based directly on school work, but are designed to
measure aptitude and verbal and mathematical skills rather than knowledge (tests
are often accused of testing nothing but a student’s ability to take the test itself).
The best known and widely used tests are the American College Testing (ACT)
programme and the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), both of which are recognised
by accredited universities to evaluate potential students.
C is the lowest mark to stay at school

56
1. The system of education in the USA ……
a. is the same in each state
b. varies greatly from state to state
c. is controlled by the Senate
d. is controlled by the church
2. At the age of 6 years children go to …..
a. elementary school c. high school
b. secondary school d. intermediate school
3. American children study in the elementary school for ….. years
a. 6 c. 5
b. 7 d. 8
4. Pupils graduate from high schools at the age of ……
a. 18 c. 16
b. 17 d. 19
5. In order to develop social skills and encourage students’ participation in ……
every high school has an orchestra, a music band, a choir, drama groups, football,
basketball and baseball teams.
a. school life c. extracurricular activities
b. community life d. working activities
6. American students study for 4 years and get a ….. in arts or science.
a. Master’s degree c. Doctor’s degree
b. Bachelor's degree d. Teacher’s degree
7. The most famous American universities are ……..
a. Oxford and Cambridge c. Yale and Oxford
b. Harvard and Sorbonne d. Harvard and Princeton
8. High schools maintain a school …… for each student, summarizing the courses
taken, the grades attained and other relevant data.
a. transcript c. story
b. photo d. report
9. Students in their ….. year may take the Preliminary Scholastic Aptitude Test
(PSAT).
Vocabulary
to accomodate - розміщувати
to advance - покращувати
to pursue - продовжувати, тут здобути
to maintain - підтримувати
a transcript - розшифровка
to submit - відправляти
an aptitude test - тест на виявлення здібностей
an acceptance - зарахування
merit scholarships - стипендії за заслуги

57
a. senior c. first
b. Junior d. last
10. Students planning to go to ….. take national college aptitude tests during their
last two years in high school, set by various independent institutions.
a. work c. collage
b. volunteering d. gap year
11. The best known and widely used tests are ………… both of which are
recognized by accredited universities to evaluate potential students.
a. the American College Testing (ACT) programme and the Scholastic Aptitude
Test (SAT)
b. General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) and A-Level exams
c. Independent External Evaluation (IEE) and the American College Testing (ACT)
programme
d. the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) and General Certificate of Secondary
Education (GCSE)
12. The highest mark in US schools is……
a. F c. B
b. A d. C
II. True or false
1. The system of education in the USA varies greatly from state to state.
2. Parents aren’t free to choose any public school for their children.
3. Although there are a few of private schools, mainly religious, and parents have
to pay for them.
4. The school year is divided into two terms or four quarters.
5. The high schools (also known as secondary schools) are generally larger and
accommodate teenagers from four or five elementary schools.
6. During the school year in the high school the students study ten or eleven
selective subjects according to their professional interests.
7. School becomes the centre of social life for students.
8. At American colleges and universities young people get higher education.
9. The most famous American universities are Harvard, Princeton, Stanford, Yale,
Columbia University.
10. There are entrance exams in the US universities.
11. Some colleges also require students to take Achievement (Ach.) Tests. Tests
are of the multiple-choice type and aren’t based directly on school work, but are
designed to measure aptitude and verbal and mathematical skills rather than
knowledge.
12. The worst mark is E.
1. American children start attending elementary schools…..
2. After the elementary school pupils may enter …..
3. Their basic subjects in the curriculum at this stage are …..
4. High schools maintain a school ‘transcript’ for each student, summarising….

58
5. PSAT stands for ….
6. NMSQT stands for ….
7. SAT stands for …..
8. ACT stands for….
9. American students have lunch ……
10. School bus …..
11. The best mark is …..
12. The second best mark is ….
IV. Works in groups
Look and the picture and read the article in two groups. Explain the causes of
dropping out in the US school.
Dropout factories are defined as schools where less than 60 percent of
students who started as freshmen remain enrolled four years later.

59
V. Answer the questions
1. Why are school systems different in each state?
2. What are main tests in the high school?
3. How can American children enter collages and universities?
4. Are only test scores taken into consideration?
5. What is the lowest mark to stay at school?
6. What are causes for dropping out the high school?
7. Can Ukrainian children drop out the school?
8. What school system - American or Ukrainian- do you like best?
VI. Listening
Watch the video and name the mentioned extracurricular activities in the US
school. Name the reasons for taking part from the point of view of teachers, pupils
and their parents.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mB8SGlsZb1Q
VII. Speaking
Make dialogues about US system of education. Say what you like and dislike
most of all.
VIII. Writing
Nowadays are very popular student exchange programs. If you want to be an
exchange student, you need to contact a sponsor organization in the United States.
Sponsors are companies that have been approved by the U.S. government to find a
school for exchange students and place them with host families. Write a letter to
this organization. Explain your reasons of participance in this exchange. Ask about
details of the program. Prove that you are a good candidate for it.

60
CULTURAL LIFE IN THE USA
Traditional American Values
Independence. Americans strongly believe in the concept of individualism.
They consider themselves to be separate individuals who are in control of their
own lives, rather than members of a close-knit, interdependent family, religious
group, tribe, nation, or other group.
Equality. The American Declaration of Independence states that “all [people]
are created equal,” and this belief is deeply embedded in their cultural values.
Informality. This belief in equality causes Americans to be rather informal in
their behavior towards other people. Don’t be surprised if store clerks and waiters
introduce themselves by their first names.
Directness. Americans tend to value, frankness and openness in their dealings
with other people. Americans believe that if someone has a problem with someone
else, they should tell the person clearly and directly in order to come up with a
solution to the problem.
The way people "melt" in the United States differs. The Northeast, South,
Midwest, Southeast and Western regions of the United States all have distinct
traditions and customs. Here is a brief overview of the culture of the United States.
LANGUAGE
According to the US Government, there is no official language of the United
States. While almost every language in the world is spoken in the United States,
the most frequently spoken non-English languages are Spanish, Chinese, French
and German. Ninety percent of the U.S. population speaks and understands at least
some English, and most official business is conducted in English. Some states have
official or preferred languages. For example, English and Hawaiian are the official
languages in Hawaii, English and French in Louisiana, English and Spanish in
New Mexico. The Census Bureau estimates that more than 350 languages are
spoken in the United States.
RELIGION
Nearly every known religion is practiced in the United States, which was
founded on the basis of religious freedom. About 70% of Americans identify
themselves as Christians, according to information gathered by the Pew Research

61
Center. The research also found that about 23% had no religious affiliation at all
and around 6% of the population is made up non-Christian religions.
AMERICAN STYLE
Clothing styles vary by social status, region, occupation and climate. Jeans,
sneakers, baseball caps, cowboy hats and boots are some items of clothing that are
closely associated with Americans, though there have been a variety of other styles
throughout the decades, according to InterExchange. Ralph Lauren, Calvin
Klein, Michael Kors and Victoria Secret are some well-known American brands.
American fashion is widely influenced by celebrities and the media, in 2019 US
Clothing and Accessories sales amounted to 24 Billion US Dollars, according
to Statista. More and more Americans are buying fashion, electronics and more
online. According to the Census Bureau, U.S. retail e-commerce sales for the
third quarter of 2021 totaled $214.6 billion.
AMERICAN FOOD
American cuisine was influenced by Europeans and Native Americans in its
early history. Today, there are a number of foods that are commonly identified as
American, such as hamburgers, hot dogs, potato chips, macaroni and cheese, and
meat loaf. Jerky, dried meats that are served as snacks, is also a food that was
created in the United States, according to NPR.
THE ARTS
A view of the famous Broadway theatre
The United States is widely known around the world as a leader in mass media
production, including television and movies. According to the Select USA, the
United States comprises one-third of the worldwide media and entertainment
industry and is worth $717 Billion.
The television broadcasting industry took hold in the United States in the early
1950s, and American television programs are now shown around the world,
according to PBS. The United States also has a vibrant movie industry, centered in
Hollywood, California, and American movies are popular worldwide. The U.S.
film industry earned a record $100 Billion in 2019, according to Forbes, before
dropping in 2020 due to the COVID pandemic.
The United States' arts culture extends beyond movies and television shows,
though. New York is home to Broadway, and Americans have a rich theatrical
history, according to Arcadia Publishing. American folk art is an artistic style and
is identified with quilts and other hand-crafted items, according to the Folk Art
Museum. American music is very diverse with many, many styles, including
rhythm and blues, jazz, gospel, country and western, bluegrass, rock 'n' roll and hip
hop.

62
SPORTS
The United States is a sports-minded country, with millions of fans who follow
football, baseball, basketball and hockey, among other sports. Baseball, which was
developed in colonial America and became an organized sport in the mid-1800s,
according to Sporcle Blog, is known as America's favorite pastime, although its
popularity has been eclipsed by football for the past three decades, according to
the Harris Poll.
AMERICAN HOLIDAYS
Many holidays are celebrated only in the United States. Americans celebrate
their independence from Britain on July 4. Memorial Day, celebrated on the last
Monday in May, honors those who have died in military service. Labor Day,
observed on the first Monday in September, celebrates the country's
workforce. Thanksgiving, another distinctive American holiday, falls on the
fourth Thursday in November and dates back to colonial times to celebrate the
harvest.
Presidents' Day, marking the birthdays of George Washington and Abraham
Lincoln, is a federal holiday that occurs on the third Monday in February. The
contributions of veterans are honored on Veterans' Day, observed on Nov. 11. The
contributions of civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. are remembered on the
third Monday in January.
Vocabulary
an equality - рівність
to embed - вбудовувати
frankness - відвертість
religious affiliation - релігійна приналежність
retail e-commerce - роздрібна торгівля через мережу Інтернет
vibrant - яскравий
а quilt - плед, ковдра з лоскутів
sports-minded - спортивно налаштовані
Memorial Day - День пам’яті
Thanksgiving - День Подяки
a contribution - внесок
a civil rights leader - борець за громадянські права

63
1. Traditional American values are…..
a. hot dogs and baseball
b. independence and informality
c. equality and democracy
d. Independence, equality, informality, directness
2. There are ….. cultural regions in the USA
a. 4 c. 6
b. 5 d. 7
3. The Census Bureau estimates that more than ….. languages are spoken in the
United States.
a. 350 c. 25
b. 380 d. 250
4. English and Spanish are official languages in ……
a. New Jersey c. Louisiana
b. New Mexico d. California
5. ….………… are some items of clothing that are closely associated with
Americans
a. embroidered shirts and bloomers
b. jeans, sneakers, baseball caps, cowboy hats and boots
c. kilts and petticoats
d. jeans and broad-brimmed hats
6. ….….. are some well-known American brands.
a. Carolina Herrera and Gucci
b. Givenchy and Dolce&Gabbana
c. Ralph Lauren, Calvin Klein, Michael Kors and Victoria Secret
d. Versace, Hermes and Balenciaga
7. There are a number of foods that are commonly identified as American, such
as ……
a. pudding, fish and chips, ale and roast beef
b. hamburgers, hot dogs, potato chips, macaroni and cheese
c. pizza, pasta, bottagra and lasagna
d. borshch, varenyky, lard ang kholodets
8. According to the Select USA, the United States comprises one-third of the
worldwide media and entertainment industry and is worth $…… Billion.
a. 917 c.717
b. 817 d. 617
9. ….… is home to Broadway.
a. Los Angeles c. San Francisco
b. New York d. Las Vegas
10. The most popular kinds of sport are……
a. baseball and soccer c. baseball and basketball
b. baseball and American football d. baseball and cricket
11. Americans celebrate …… on the last Monday in May
a. Thanksgiving Day c. Independence Day

64
b. Labor Day d. Memorial Day
12. .….. falls on the fourth Thursday in November
a. Thanksgiving c. Veteran’s Day
b. Presidents Day d. Halloween
II. True or false
1. Americans strongly believe in the concept of collectivism.
2. The American Declaration of Independence states that “all [people] are created
equal.”
3. Americans tend to value, frankness and openness in their dealings with other
people.
4. There is no official language in the USA.
5. Only one religion is practiced in the United States.
6. According to the Census Bureau, U.S. retail e-commerce sales for the
third quarter of 2021 totaled $214.6 billion.
7. Jerky, dried meats that are served as snacks, is also a food that was created in the
United States.
8. The United States also has a vibrant movie industry, centered in Hollyforest,
Alaska, and American movies are popular worldwide.
9. American music is very monotonous with many, many styles, including rhythm
and blues, jazz, gospel, country and western, bluegrass, rock 'n' roll and hip hop.
10. Many holidays are celebrated only in the United States.
11. Americans are fond of baseball.
12. Martin Luther is remembered on the third Monday in January.
III. Answer the questions
1. What are the most important values for Americans?
2. What is an official language in the USA?
3. What is the most widely spread religion in the USA?
4. How can you describe an American style?
5. Where is the film industry situated?
6. Are there typical American holidays? What are they?
IV. Match the writer with its book
Ernest Hemingway Mark Twain Margaret Mitchell
A B C

65
O Henry Ray Bradbury Edgar Allan Poe
D E F
William Faulkner Frances Scott Fitzgerald Fenimore Cooper
G H I
1. “The last leaf”
2. “Gone with the wind”
3. “The last of the Mohicans”
4. “Farenheit 451”
5. “Great Gatsby”
6. “The old man and the sea”
7. “The raven and the monkey’s paw”
8. “The adventures of Tom Sawyer”
9. “The Sound and the Fury”
Use the Past Simple Passive Voice
E: The book “The Sound and the Fury” was written by William Faulkner.
Say what of these books you have read or studied in World Literature
lessons?
How do you understand “Major theme in American literature is American
individualism (also known as self-made man)”?

66
V. Listening
Do you agree with Mark Twain? Why? Why not?
Read the list of the most popular US newspapers.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lA_HD6g0HE4&t=265s
Explain the key points:
 newspapers promote points of view
 middle ground
 post war
 future of US newspapers
VI. Critical thinking. Storytelling
Once upon a time there lived a beautiful young fairy. She was very nice and
fair. All the people loved her. But one day an ugly and cruel witch came to this
country. The witch began intriguing against the fair. People banished a nice
lady. She moved to a new continent. It was America. The USA became a new
home to our fairy. She created for American culture ……
Continue the story

67
VII. Speaking
Talk about your American dream. What would you do if you lived in the USA?
VIII. Writing
Look at the pictures and write a small composition on the topic “How I see the
American culture”

68
THE LARGEST CITIES IN THE USA
Among large and famous American cities there are Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia,
Los Angeles, San Francisco and New York.
Washington is the capital of the USA. It is situated on the Potomac River in the
District of Columbia.D. Washington chose the place.The city was founded in 1791
and named after the first president. Now Washington is the residents of the preside
nt and the congress. The center of the city is on Capital Hill. This building houses
both the senate and a House of Representatives. The White House is one of the old
est buildings in the city. It is the president's residence. Washington is a large
scientific and cultural center. There are five universities in the city. The national
academy of sciences and the library of Congress are in Washington too. The nation
al museum, the old and new national galleries of art, Washington, Jefferson and
Lincoln memorials are among the city sites.
New York City, officially named the City of New York, is the most populous
city in the United States, and the most densely populated city in North America.
Located in the state of New York, New York City has a population of 8. 2 million
people within an area of 830 km2. It is at the heart of the New York Metropolitan
Area, which is one of the largest urban conglomerations in the world. The city
comprises five boroughs: the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten
Island.
The city is at the centre of international finance, politics, manufacturing,
entertainment, and culture, and is one of the world's major global cities (along with
London, Tokyo and Paris). It has a unique collection of museums, galleries,
international corporations, and stock exchanges. The city is also home to the
United Nations and all of the international missions associated with it.
New York City attracts large numbers of immigrants from over 180 countries, as
well as many people from all over the United States, who come to the city for its
culture, energy, cosmopolitanism, and by their own hope of making it big. New
York City is home to more than 500 companies. If the city were a nation, it would
have the 17th highest gross domestic product in the world, more than that of
Switzerland and nearly equaling that of Russia.
New York is a city of great museums with the Metropolitan Museum of Art's
collection of historic art, the Museum of Modern Art and Guggenheim Museum's
20th century collection, and the American Museum of Natural History and its
Hayden Planetarium focusing on the sciences. The statue of Liberty is here too.
Los Angeles (or L.A.), a city in California, is considered to be the capital of the
film industry. Hollywood, a district of L.A., is famous for its film production all
over the world. It used to be a farmland until film-makers started to move there.
Hollywood turned to be a perfect place for shooting films all year round as it has
mountains, an ocean and a desert.
The Beverly Hills district is the wealthiest area of Los Angeles. It's famous for its
beautiful houses and expensive shops and restaurants. The city is very busy with a
lot of traffic going along highways. It's one of the problems that L.A. faces
nowadays. Its air is so polluted that sometimes people can't see the sun even when

69
there are no clouds in the sky. Another problem is crime. This is one of the most
dangerous cities in the States.
Los Angeles is not only a tourist centre, but also a large centre of manufacturing,
finance and trade.
There are a lot of places of interest in L.A. The Music Centre is the cultural point
of Southern California, and the home to orchestral music, vocal performance,
opera, theatre and dance. At the Children's Museum there are exhibits designed
especially for children who can touch and explore them and learn through play.
Little Tokyo makes you feel in Japan. There are luxury goods and numerous exotic
restaurants there. Chinatown is located in the spacious lanes. Numerous shops offer
oriental goods.
The Natural History Museum displays fossils, gems and minerals.
A good place to have fun is Disneyland where children and grown-ups can spend
some great time.
San Francisco is one the most beautiful cities in America. It used to be very
small until the Gold Rush began. Seekers of gold came to San Francisco and stayed
there. In a few years the population of the city grew to more than 50 thousand
people. Later, in 1906, San Francisco was destroyed by a huge earthquake and a
big part of the city burned down.
San Francisco is surrounded by water on three sides, it stands on 40 hills and trams,
or street-cars, climb up and down the hills. The city also bears the reputation of
being crazy. Beat poets and hippies led a very active life there.
The Golden Gate Bridge, which is over the Golden Gate Strait connecting San
Francisco Bay to the Pacific Ocean is the symbol of San Francisco.
Boston, the capital of Massachusetts, is the oldest major city in the USA. It is a
city of numerous historic places and places of interest. The Freedom Trail is the
simplest, cheapest, safest, and most flexible way to get acquainted with Boston's
historic sights. The Trail is a red line painted on the pavement following which one
can pass by all important places of interest in Boston.
Two big celebrations take place in Boston's Chinatown every year. The first is the
New Year, usually celebrated in February. The activities include lion dances,
traditional Chinese dance and Kung Fu performances. There are a lot of big and
small cheap Chinese restaurants in the district.
The New England Aquarium has the world's largest collection of sharks. The
Museum of Fine Arts displays outstanding Egyptian and Asian collections, a good
display of Impressionists and superb Americans.
The Constitution ship is another interesting place to visit. The entrance to the ship
is free to the public. Boston also has a lot of monuments, such as the Boston
Massacre Monument, the Lafayette Monument, the Declaration of Independence
Monument and the Civil War Monument.
Vocabulary
a memorial - меморіал, пам’ятник
a borough - район

70
I. Match the city with its famous place
1. Washington
2. New York
3. Los Angeles
4. San Francisco
5. Boston
Disneyland the White House
A B
Golden Gate Bridge Statue of Liberty
C D
Freedom Trail
E F
gross domestic product - валовий внутрішній продукт (ВВП)
wealth - багатий
fossils - скам’янілості
gems - дорогоцінні камені
Gold Rush - Золота лихоманка
beat poets - біт-поети 1940-50 рр.

71
Library of Congress Beverly Hills
G H
New England Aquarium Metropolitan Museum of Art
I J
1. Washington stands on the …… River
a. Colorado c. Rio Grand
b. Potomac d. Missouri
2. The president’s residence is in
a. the White House c. the Blue and Red House
b. the Library of Congress d. Brooklyn
3. The most populous city in the USA is ……
a. New York c. San Francisco
b. Boston d. Los Angeles
4. The city of New York comprises ……..boroughs.
a. 5 c. 3
b. 4 d. 6
5. New York is also home to the …… and all of the international missions
associated with it.
a. UNESCO c. UNO
b. MAGATE d. WHO
6. The capital of the film industry is……
a. New York c. San Jose
b. Los Angeles d. San Francisco
7. The Natural History Museum in Los Angeles displays ……
a. bugs, butterflies and flies
b. dinosaurs and mummies

72
c. fossils, gems and minerals
d. coal and oil
8. A good place to have fun is ……. where children and grown-ups can spend
some great time.
a. Europe park c. Port Aventura
b. Disneyland d. Lego land
9. Seekers of ….. came to San Francisco and stayed there.
a. gold c. brilliants
b. silver d. oil
10. In 1906, San Francisco was destroyed by a huge …….
a. tsunami c. earthquake
b. tornado d. fire
11. The New England Aquarium has the world's largest collection of …….
a. sharks c. whales
b. jellyfish d. tortoises
12. The …….. is the simplest, cheapest, safest, and most flexible way to get
acquainted with Boston's historic sights.
a. Freedom Path c. Free Taxi
b. Freedom Trial d. New Way
III. True or false
1. Washington was founded in 1791 and named after the last president.
2. Located in the state of New York, New York City has a population of 8. 2
million people within an area of 830 km2.
3. New York comprises five boroughs: the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens,
and Staten Island.
4. New York City attracts large numbers of immigrants from over 18 countries, as
well as many people from all over the United States, who come to the city for its
culture, energy, cosmopolitanism, and by their own hope of making it poor.
5. New York is a city of great museums with the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the
Museum of Modern Art, Guggenheim Museum and the American Museum of
Natural History
6. Hollywood, a district of N.Y., is famous for its film production all over the
world.
7. The Beverly Hills district is famous for its beautiful houses and cheap shops and
restaurants.
8. Los Angeles is one of the most dangerous cities in the States.
9. San Francisco is surrounded by water on three sides, it stands on 40 hills and
trams, or street-cars, climb up and down the hills.
10. The Golden Gate Bridge, which is over the Golden Gate Strait connecting San
Francisco Bay to the Atlantic Ocean is the symbol of San Francisco.
11. Boston, the capital of Massachusetts, is the youngest major city in the USA.
12. Boston also has a lot of monuments, such as the Boston Massacre Monument,
the Declaration of Independence Monument and the Civil War Monument.

73
1. What are the biggest and more famous cities in the USA?
2. What is Washington famous for?
3. Why do so many people come to New York?
4. What famous places in New York do you know?
5. What is Los Angeles famous for?
6. What problems does Los Angeles have?
7. What is the symbol of San Francisco?
8. What is the Freedom Trail?
9. What are famous places of Boston?
V. Critical thinking. Cinquain
Write a cinquain about one of the US cities.
Los Angeles
Gorgeous and luxury
Filming, sun bathing and surfing
Love you envy you
City of angels
VI. Listening
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pXPDmDYiT0Q
Imagine that you are a tour
guide in Chicago. Present
your city program to the
group of the tourists from
Ukraine

74
VII. Speaking
Make dialogues about Philadelphia, using this poster
VIII. Writing
Choose one of the US cities and create a new brand for it. Paint a logo and write a
motto. Think out a new legend for visitors. Present to your classmates.
Aim of your presentation is to attract more
visitors to this city.

75
FAMOUS PLACES IN THE USA
The Statue of Liberty
The Statue of Liberty is located on Liberty Island
in New York. In 1886 American people got it as a gift from the French. Since that
time the statue has been the symbol of freedom and of the United States.
The height of the Statue of Liberty is 93 metres (from ground level to torch).
Visitors can admire the view of the harbour from its crown. There is a torch in its
right hand and a table in its left arm.
The White House
The White House is the official residence of the
President of the USA. It is located in Washington. The building consists of 6 floors
with different rooms including living space and halls for official receptions.
George Washington was the only American president who didn't live in the White
House. When he was the President, the White House did not exist.
The White House was built in 1800. The famous Oval Office where the President
of the USA works is located here.
Niagara Falls
Niagara Falls are located on the border between
Canada and the USA. "Niagara Falls" is a common name for three waterfalls – the
American Falls, the Horseshoe Falls and the Bridal Veil Falls.
Niagara Falls are not very high (53 metres) but very wide.

76
Every year thousands of people visit this scenic place. There is the Rainbow
Bridge over the river which connects both countries. It is open for pedestrians.
The Golden Gate Bridge
The Golden Gate Bridge is a world-famous bridge
over the Golden Gate strait. It is one of the most recognizable places in the world
and the symbol of the USA.Its length is 2,7 km. The bridge was built in 1937 and
connects San Francisco and Marin County.
The Grand Canyon
The Grand Canyon is one of the deepest canyons
in the world. Its depth is 1800 metres. It is located in Arizona on the territory of the
national park. The length of the canyon is 446 km and its width varies from 6 to 29
km at the top and is less than 1 km at the bottom.
The Grand Canyon is a very picturesque place. Every year thousands of tourists
come here. Nowadays visitors can admire the canyon from the observation point
called "Grand Canyon Skywalk".
Times Square
Times Square is a square in the centre of
Manhattan. It is not only the symbol of New York but the USA as well. Times
Square is one of the most visited places of interest in the world. A lot of Broadway
theatres are located in it. A lot of big companies also have their offices there.
Times Square is full of bright neon advertisement which makes it a very
recognizable place.
The Empire State Building
The Empire State Building is a famous skyscraper
in New York. This building was the tallest building in the world for a long time. It

77
has 103 floors. There are two observation decks in the building (on floors 86 and
102).The height of the building is 443 metres. 73 lifts serve it.
The Empire State Building is designed in a simple but elegant style. It is one of
the symbols of American culture. The Empire State Building is an office building.
Hollywood
Hollywood is a neighborhood in Los Angeles. It is known as the home of the US
film industry. A lot of film production studios are located here. For example, film
studio "Paramount Pictures" is based in Hollywood. Many celebrities live in this
neighborhood.
The Hollywood Walk of Fame is also located in Hollywood. It comprises more
than 2600 stars.
ky
1. The height of the Statue of Liberty is …..meters high
a. 93 c. 80
b. 108 d. 195
2. Visitors can admire the view of the harbor from its ……
a. torch c. crown
b. tablet d. head
3. ….… was the only American president who didn't live in the White House.
a. George Washington c. John Kennedy
b. Tomas Jefferson d. Donald Trump
4. The famous Oval Office where the …… of the USA works is located here.
a. President c. Governors
b. Vice President d. Senators
5. Niagara Falls are located on the border between …………..
a. Mexico and the USA c. Canada and the USA
b. Cuba and the USA d. Russia and the USA
6. The Golden Gate Bridge was built in ….. and connects San Francisco and Marin
County.
Vocabulary
a harbor - гавань
Niagara Falls - Ніагарський водоспад
a strait - протока
а pedestrian - пішохід
an observation deck - оглядовий майданчик
the Walk of Fame - Алея Слави
recognizable - впізнаваний

78
a. 1937 c. 1927
b. 1947 d. 1915
7. The Grand Canyon is one of the deepest canyons in the world. It is located in …..
on the territory of the national park.
a. Nevada c. Texas
b. Arizona d. Montana
8. Times Square is a square in the centre of Manhattan in ….
a. San Francisco c. New York
b. Washington d. Las Vegas
9. The Empire State Building is a famous …… in New York.
a. skyscraper c. hotel
b. Museum d. art gallery
10. The height of the building is ….. metres.
a. 500 c. 463
b. 443 d. 453
11. Hollywood is is known as the home of the US …. industry.
a. Music c. automobile
b. IT d. film
12. The Hollywood ….. is also located in Hollywood.
a. Walk of Glory c. Pavement of Fame
b. Walk of Fame d. Celebrities’ Street
II. True or false
1. The Statue of Liberty is located on Liberty Island in New York.
2. The Statue is a gift from the British Queen.
3. The White House was built in 1801.
4. The White House is the official residence of the President of the USA.
5. "Niagara Falls" is a common name for three waterfalls – the American Falls, the
Horseshoe Falls and the Bridal Veil Falls.
6. There is the Rainbow Bridge over the river which connects both countries.
7. The Golden Gate Bridge is a world-famous bridge over the Golden Gate river.
8. The Grand Canyon is one of the deepest canyons in the world. Its depth is 1700
metres.
9. Times Square is one of the most visited places of interest in the world.
10. The Empire State Building is designed in a simple but elegant style. It is one of
the symbols of American culture
11. Hollywood is a neighborhood in Las Vegas.
12. Many celebrities live in this neighborhood.
1. The Statue of Liberty is the symbol …..
2. The White House is …..
3. Niagara Falls are located ….
4. The Grand Canyon is …..
5. Broadway theatres are located in …..

USA: FROM GEOGRAPHY TO CULTURE

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