Twin Tower September 2011, 9/11 Attack

1. Study on September 11, 2001 attack in New
York Twin Tower
Timeline of attack
Immediate response, Actors/Responders
Economic impact
Crisis Leadership
Changes government brought.
Er. Manish Regmi

2. 9/11 Hijacked Planes
On September 11, 2001 between 7:59 a.m. and 8.42 a.m., four
commercial flights take off : two from Boston, one from Washington ,
DC and one from Newark , NJ all headed for California. After take off
all four planes were hijacked by terrorists affiliated with al Qaeda

3. The attack
• 8:45 AM - Hijackers crash American Airlines Flight 11 into the North
Tower of the World Trade center.
• 9.03 a.m. Hijackers crashed United Airline Flight 175 into the South
Tower of the World Trade center
• 9:05 a.m President Bush was about to begin reading a book to
elementary school students in Florida when Chief of Staff Andrew
Card told him that second plane has crashed into the world trade
center and that “America is under attack”
• 9:37 a.m Hijackers crash American Airlines Flight 77 into the Pentagon

4. Timeline Continue
• 9:42 The Federal Aviation Administration grounds all flights in the
united States
• 9:45 The white house and US Capitol are evacuated.
• 9:59 The south Tower collapses. For the first time in the history, the
white house requests the implementation of continuity of
government measures.
• 10:03 United Airline flight 93 crashes in southern Pennsylvania after a
struggle onboard between a team of hijackers and the flight’s
passenger.
• 10:28 The North Tower Collapses

10. Casualties
• 2,750 people were killed in New York,
• 184 at the Pentagon,
• and 40 in Pennsylvania (where one of the hijacked planes crashed
after the passengers attempted to retake the plane);
• all 19 terrorists died
• Police and fire departments in New York were especially hard-hit:
hundreds had rushed to the scene of the attacks, and more than 400
police officers and firefighters were killed.

11. RESCUE OPERATIONS Ground Zero
The number of lives lost in the 9/11 attacks likely would have been
higher, had William Rodriguez not been one of five people to have
MASTER KEY OF ALL ROOMS inside the North Tower of the World
Trade Center. Using that key, Rodriguez was able to open doors on
various floors for firefighters and police in their efforts to save people as
the building crumbled, especially with elevators out of service.
Sourse:Pininterest
More than 91,000 rescue, recovery and clean-up workers, and volunteers—including virtually
all of the Fire Department of New York (FDNY)—were exposed to the environmental hazards
at Ground Zero during their work on “the pile” and at other WTC-related locations in the days
and months that followed.
The civilians, firefighters, police officers, emergency medical technicians, and
emergency management professionals exhibited steady determination and
resolve under horrifying, overwhelming conditions on 9/11.Their actions
saved lives and inspired a nation.

12. Cause of Attack
• The 2004 9/11 Commission Report determined that the
animosity towards the United States felt by Mohammed, the
principal architect of the 9/11 attacks, stemmed from his "violent
disagreement with U.S. foreign policy favoring Israel“

13. Bin Laden’s “Letter To America”
• U.S. support of Israel
• Support for the "attacks against Muslims" in Somalia
• Support of Philippines against Muslims in the Moro conflict
• Support for Israeli "aggression" against Muslims in Lebanon
• Support of Russian "atrocities against Muslims" in Chechnya
• Pro-American governments in the Middle East (who "act as your
agents") being against Muslim interests
• Support of Indian "oppression against Muslims" in Kashmir
• The presence of U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia
• The sanctions against Iraq

14. After The Attack
• Debris-
• After the September 11th attacks on the World Trade Center, the
rescue and recovery clean-up of the 1.8 million tons of wreckage from
the WTC site took 9 months.
• SOCIETY
• Immediate responses to 9/11 included greater focus on home life and
time spent with family, higher church attendance, and increased
expressions of patriotism such as the flying of American flags.
• The Patriot Act
• The Patriot Act was enacted following the September 11 attacks and
the 2001 anthrax attacks with the stated goal of dramatically tightening
U.S. national security

15. Economic Impact
• In New York City, approximately 430,000 jobs were lost.
• $2.8 billion in lost wages over the three months
• The GDP for New York City declined by $30.3 billion over the last three
months of 2001 and all of 2002.
• The Federal government provided $11.2 billion in immediate assistance to
the Government of New York City in September 2001, and $10.5 billion in
early 2002 for economic development and infrastructure needs.
• The 9/11 attacks also had great impact on small businesses in Lower
Manhattan ,located near the World Trade Center.
• Approximately 18,000 small businesses were destroyed or displaced after
the attacks.
• The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) closed for 6 days.

16. Leadership Crisis
• Unsuccessful Diplomacy
• Lack of Military Options
• Problems within the Intelligence Community
• Problems in the FBI
• Permeable Borders and Immigration Controls
• Permeable Aviation Security

17. Reforms
• 9/11 reshaped homeland security, foreign policy, study and treatment
of PTSD, and crisis planning and management
• Homeland Security and Foreign Policy
• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)-
• Before 9/11, a lot of people still dismissed PTSD as a real thing. And 9/11
made it into something more legitimate to study
• Preparation for Crisis Response-
• The federal government began investing heavily in research and training
around crisis planning and management in order to do a better job preparing
for and responding to more routine emergencies

18. Reforms Continue
• In 2004, FEMA introduced the National Incident Management System,
a framework to assist governments, nongovernmental organizations,
and the private sector to deal with emergencies.
• Structural Engineering and Fire Safety-
• In 2005, the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) issued
30 recommendations for revisions to building fire codes, standards, and
practices.
• More active approaches to fire-safety during construction are now common
• Additional stairs, purely for urgently exiting, are now considered essential.
And, most importantly, [elevators] that operate on backup power are also
now a core component of evacuation strategy,”

19. Reforms Continue
• Enforced and Administered Immigration law
• Secure and Manage Borders
• Strengthen Resilience to Disaster
• International Engagement Safeguard and
• Secure Cyberspace

20. Crisis Communication Lesson from 9/11
• Get on the Scene- New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani arrived at
the World Trade Center within minutes of the first attack to take
charge of the rescue operation.
• Choose your Channels Carefully
• Stay Focused on the Business
• Have a Plan in Place
• Improvise, but from a Strong Foundation

21. REFRENCES
• https://www.visualcapitalist.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/911-terrorist-attack-
timeline-full-size.jpg
• https://www.ksat.com/features/2021/09/10/a-key-rescue-on-911-how-a-janitor-at-the-
world-trade-center-used-this-tool-to-save-lives/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks#:~:text=The%202004%209%2F11%
20Commission,U.S.%20foreign%20policy%20favoring%20Israel%22.
• https://www.dhs.gov/implementing-911-commission-recommendations
• https://www.visualcapitalist.com/9-11-timeline-three-hours-that-changed-everything/
• https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2021/09/professors-detail-the-hard-lessons-
from-9-11/
• https://www.wsj.com/story/911-timeline-how-the-day-unfolded-acbc78e3