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HHaarrddwwaarree aanndd 
OOppeerraattiinngg SSyysstteemmss 
WWeeeekk 88
CCoommppuutteerr LLaanngguuaaggee 
aanndd FFuunnccttiioonnss
VVooccaabbuullaarryy
VViiddeeoo 
PPlleeaassee lliisstteenn ttoo tthhee vviiddeeoo iinn tthhee ffoolllloowwiinngg sslliiddee ffoorr aann 
eexxppllaannaattiioonn ooff SSWWIITTCCHHEESS aanndd tthhee BBIINNAARRYY SSYYSSTTEEMM
BBiillll NNyyee tthhee SScciieennccee GGuuyy- 
CCoommppuutteerrss
CCoommppuutteerr LLaanngguuaaggee 
TToo rreepprreesseenntt iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn,, ccoommppuutteerrss uussee 
ccoommbbiinnaattiioonnss ooff jjuusstt ttwwoo nnuummbbeerrss:: 00 aanndd 11.. WWee kknnooww 
tthhiiss aass tthhee BBiinnaarryy SSyysstteemm.. 
TThhee ssmmaalllleesstt uunniitt ooff iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn tthhaatt aa ccoommppuutteerr ccaann 
ssttoorree ((aa 00 oorr aa 11)) iiss ccaalllleedd aa bbiitt.. AA bbiitt ccaann aallssoo bbee 
rreepprreesseenntteedd bbyy tthhee lloowweerr ccaassee bb.. 
EEiigghhtt bbiittss ttooggeetthheerr ffoorrmm aa bbyyttee.. AA bbyyttee ccaann aallssoo bbee 
rreepprreesseenntteedd bbyy tthhee uuppppeerr ccaassee BB..
CCoommppuutteerr LLaanngguuaaggee 
Unit Symbol Equivalent Unit Symbol Equivalent 
Kibibyte KiB 1024 bytes Kilobyte kB 1000 bytes 
Mebibyte MiB 1024 KiB Megabyte MB 1000 kB 
Gibibyte GiB 1024 MiB Gigabyte GB 1000 MB 
Tebibyte TiB 1024 GiB Terabyte TB 1000 GB
CCoommppuutteerr LLaanngguuaaggee 
AASSCCIIII iiss uusseedd ttoo ssttoorree tthhee ddiiffffeerreenntt ssyymmbboollss aanndd 
lleetttteerrss ooff tthhee aallpphhaabbeett.. 
AASSCCIIII ssttaannddss ffoorr AAmmeerriiccaann SSttaannddaarrdd CCooddee ffoorr 
IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn IInntteerrcchhaannggee.. 
AA bbiinnaarryy ccooddee ooff eeiigghhtt ddiiggiittss uussiinngg oonnllyy 00 oorr 11 iiss uusseedd 
ttoo rreepprreesseenntt lleetttteerrss oorr ssyymmbboollss..
EExxaammppllee ooff AASSCCIIII 
Binary Value Binary Value 
00100100 & 01000001 A 
00101011 + 01000010 B 
00101101 - 01000011 C 
00111101 = 01000100 D
CCoommppuutteerr LLaanngguuaaggee
CCoommppuutteerr FFuunnccttiioonnss 
HHaarrddwwaarree iiss tthhee pphhyyssiiccaall ppaarrttss ooff tthhee ccoommppuutteerr..
CCoommppuutteerr FFuunnccttiioonnss 
SSooffttwwaarree oorr pprrooggrraammss iiss tthhee ddaattaa aanndd iinnssttrruuccttiioonnss 
uusseedd ttoo mmaannaaggee tthhee ddaattaa..
CCoommppuutteerr FFuunnccttiioonnss 
CCoommppuutteerrss ccaarrrryy oouutt ffoouurr ddiiffffeerreenntt ffuunnccttiioonnss 
DDaattaa iinnppuutt aanndd oouuttppuutt bbyy mmeeaannss ooff ppeerriipphheerraall ddeevviicceess 
DDaattaa ssttoorraaggee iinn ssttoorraaggee ddeevviicceess 
PPrroocceessssiinngg iinn tthhee cceennttrraall pprroocceessssiinngg uunniitt,, mmaaddee uupp ooff 
tthhee mmiiccrroopprroocceessssoorr aanndd tthhee mmeemmoorryy..
CCoommppuutteerr FFuunnccttiioonnss 
Input 
Devices 
Input 
Devices 
Storage 
Devices 
Storage 
Devices 
Output 
Devices 
Output 
Devices 
MMeemmoorryy 
Central 
Processing 
Central 
Processing 
Unit 
Unit
IInnppuutt DDeevviicceess
OOuuttppuutt DDeevviicceess
SSttoorraaggee DDeevviicceess
CCeennttrraall PPrroocceessssiinngg UUnniitt 
TThhee cceennttrraall pprroocceessssiinngg uunniitt ((CCPPUU)) iiss tthhee hhaarrddwwaarree 
tthhaatt ccaarrrriieess oouutt tthhee iinnssttrruuccttiioonnss ooff aa ccoommppuutteerr 
pprrooggrraamm 
AAllll mmooddeerrnn CCPPUUss aarree mmiiccrroopprroocceessssoorrss-- mmeeaanniinngg 
ccoonnttaaiinneedd oonn aa ssiinnggllee cchhiipp
MMeemmoorryy 
MMeemmoorryy aarree tthhee pphhyyssiiccaall ddeevviicceess uusseedd ttoo ssttoorree ddaattaa 
oorr pprrooggrraammss oonn aa tteemmppoorraarryy oorr ppeerrmmaanneenntt bbaassiiss
Decide if tthhee lliisstteedd ddeevviicceess aarree iinnppuutt oorr 
oouuttppuutt ddeevviicceess
CCoommppuutteerr EElleemmeennttss
VVooccaabbuullaarryy
CCoommppuutteerr EElleemmeennttss 
MMiiccrroopprroocceessssoorr iiss aann iinntteeggrraatteedd cciirrccuuiitt mmaaddee uupp ooff mmiilllliioonnss ooff 
ttiinnyy ttrraannssiissttoorrss wwoorrkkiinngg ttooggeetthheerr 
CClloocckk rraattee sseettss tthhee ppaaccee ooff wwoorrkk.. EEvveerryy ttiimmee tthhee mmiiccrroopprroocceessssoorr 
rreecceeiivveess aann iimmppuullssee,, iitt ccaarrrriieess oouutt aann ooppeerraattiioonn 
RRAAMM ((RRaannddoomm AAcccceessss MMeemmoorryy))-- iiss tthhee ccoommppuutteerrss mmaaiinn mmeemmoorryy 
CCaacchhee mmeemmoorryy-- iiss ffaasstteerr tthhaann RRAAMM,, aanndd iiss ffoouunndd iinn bbeettwweeeenn tthhee 
RRAAMM aanndd tthhee MMiiccrroopprroocceessssoorr.. 
RROOMM BBIIOOSS-- aauuttoommaattiiccaallllyy rruunnss aann iinniittiiaall cchheecckk oonn tthhee ssyysstteemm
CCoommppuutteerr EElleemmeennttss 
TThheerree aarree tthhrreeee ttyyppeess ooff ssttoorraaggee ddeevviicceess 
MMaaggnneettiicc:: hhaarrdd ddiisskk,, eexxtteerrnnaall hhaarrdd ddiisskk 
OOppttiiccaall:: CCDD--RROOMM,, DDVVDD,, BBlluu--rraayy DDiisscc 
SSoolliidd--ssttaattee:: ppeenn ddrriivveess aanndd mmeemmoorryy ccaarrddss
Hardware and operating sytems

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Hardware and operating sytems

  • 1. HHaarrddwwaarree aanndd OOppeerraattiinngg SSyysstteemmss WWeeeekk 88
  • 4. VViiddeeoo PPlleeaassee lliisstteenn ttoo tthhee vviiddeeoo iinn tthhee ffoolllloowwiinngg sslliiddee ffoorr aann eexxppllaannaattiioonn ooff SSWWIITTCCHHEESS aanndd tthhee BBIINNAARRYY SSYYSSTTEEMM
  • 5. BBiillll NNyyee tthhee SScciieennccee GGuuyy- CCoommppuutteerrss
  • 6. CCoommppuutteerr LLaanngguuaaggee TToo rreepprreesseenntt iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn,, ccoommppuutteerrss uussee ccoommbbiinnaattiioonnss ooff jjuusstt ttwwoo nnuummbbeerrss:: 00 aanndd 11.. WWee kknnooww tthhiiss aass tthhee BBiinnaarryy SSyysstteemm.. TThhee ssmmaalllleesstt uunniitt ooff iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn tthhaatt aa ccoommppuutteerr ccaann ssttoorree ((aa 00 oorr aa 11)) iiss ccaalllleedd aa bbiitt.. AA bbiitt ccaann aallssoo bbee rreepprreesseenntteedd bbyy tthhee lloowweerr ccaassee bb.. EEiigghhtt bbiittss ttooggeetthheerr ffoorrmm aa bbyyttee.. AA bbyyttee ccaann aallssoo bbee rreepprreesseenntteedd bbyy tthhee uuppppeerr ccaassee BB..
  • 7. CCoommppuutteerr LLaanngguuaaggee Unit Symbol Equivalent Unit Symbol Equivalent Kibibyte KiB 1024 bytes Kilobyte kB 1000 bytes Mebibyte MiB 1024 KiB Megabyte MB 1000 kB Gibibyte GiB 1024 MiB Gigabyte GB 1000 MB Tebibyte TiB 1024 GiB Terabyte TB 1000 GB
  • 8. CCoommppuutteerr LLaanngguuaaggee AASSCCIIII iiss uusseedd ttoo ssttoorree tthhee ddiiffffeerreenntt ssyymmbboollss aanndd lleetttteerrss ooff tthhee aallpphhaabbeett.. AASSCCIIII ssttaannddss ffoorr AAmmeerriiccaann SSttaannddaarrdd CCooddee ffoorr IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn IInntteerrcchhaannggee.. AA bbiinnaarryy ccooddee ooff eeiigghhtt ddiiggiittss uussiinngg oonnllyy 00 oorr 11 iiss uusseedd ttoo rreepprreesseenntt lleetttteerrss oorr ssyymmbboollss..
  • 9. EExxaammppllee ooff AASSCCIIII Binary Value Binary Value 00100100 & 01000001 A 00101011 + 01000010 B 00101101 - 01000011 C 00111101 = 01000100 D
  • 11. CCoommppuutteerr FFuunnccttiioonnss HHaarrddwwaarree iiss tthhee pphhyyssiiccaall ppaarrttss ooff tthhee ccoommppuutteerr..
  • 12. CCoommppuutteerr FFuunnccttiioonnss SSooffttwwaarree oorr pprrooggrraammss iiss tthhee ddaattaa aanndd iinnssttrruuccttiioonnss uusseedd ttoo mmaannaaggee tthhee ddaattaa..
  • 13. CCoommppuutteerr FFuunnccttiioonnss CCoommppuutteerrss ccaarrrryy oouutt ffoouurr ddiiffffeerreenntt ffuunnccttiioonnss DDaattaa iinnppuutt aanndd oouuttppuutt bbyy mmeeaannss ooff ppeerriipphheerraall ddeevviicceess DDaattaa ssttoorraaggee iinn ssttoorraaggee ddeevviicceess PPrroocceessssiinngg iinn tthhee cceennttrraall pprroocceessssiinngg uunniitt,, mmaaddee uupp ooff tthhee mmiiccrroopprroocceessssoorr aanndd tthhee mmeemmoorryy..
  • 14. CCoommppuutteerr FFuunnccttiioonnss Input Devices Input Devices Storage Devices Storage Devices Output Devices Output Devices MMeemmoorryy Central Processing Central Processing Unit Unit
  • 18. CCeennttrraall PPrroocceessssiinngg UUnniitt TThhee cceennttrraall pprroocceessssiinngg uunniitt ((CCPPUU)) iiss tthhee hhaarrddwwaarree tthhaatt ccaarrrriieess oouutt tthhee iinnssttrruuccttiioonnss ooff aa ccoommppuutteerr pprrooggrraamm AAllll mmooddeerrnn CCPPUUss aarree mmiiccrroopprroocceessssoorrss-- mmeeaanniinngg ccoonnttaaiinneedd oonn aa ssiinnggllee cchhiipp
  • 19. MMeemmoorryy MMeemmoorryy aarree tthhee pphhyyssiiccaall ddeevviicceess uusseedd ttoo ssttoorree ddaattaa oorr pprrooggrraammss oonn aa tteemmppoorraarryy oorr ppeerrmmaanneenntt bbaassiiss
  • 20. Decide if tthhee lliisstteedd ddeevviicceess aarree iinnppuutt oorr oouuttppuutt ddeevviicceess
  • 23. CCoommppuutteerr EElleemmeennttss MMiiccrroopprroocceessssoorr iiss aann iinntteeggrraatteedd cciirrccuuiitt mmaaddee uupp ooff mmiilllliioonnss ooff ttiinnyy ttrraannssiissttoorrss wwoorrkkiinngg ttooggeetthheerr CClloocckk rraattee sseettss tthhee ppaaccee ooff wwoorrkk.. EEvveerryy ttiimmee tthhee mmiiccrroopprroocceessssoorr rreecceeiivveess aann iimmppuullssee,, iitt ccaarrrriieess oouutt aann ooppeerraattiioonn RRAAMM ((RRaannddoomm AAcccceessss MMeemmoorryy))-- iiss tthhee ccoommppuutteerrss mmaaiinn mmeemmoorryy CCaacchhee mmeemmoorryy-- iiss ffaasstteerr tthhaann RRAAMM,, aanndd iiss ffoouunndd iinn bbeettwweeeenn tthhee RRAAMM aanndd tthhee MMiiccrroopprroocceessssoorr.. RROOMM BBIIOOSS-- aauuttoommaattiiccaallllyy rruunnss aann iinniittiiaall cchheecckk oonn tthhee ssyysstteemm
  • 24. CCoommppuutteerr EElleemmeennttss TThheerree aarree tthhrreeee ttyyppeess ooff ssttoorraaggee ddeevviicceess MMaaggnneettiicc:: hhaarrdd ddiisskk,, eexxtteerrnnaall hhaarrdd ddiisskk OOppttiiccaall:: CCDD--RROOMM,, DDVVDD,, BBlluu--rraayy DDiisscc SSoolliidd--ssttaattee:: ppeenn ddrriivveess aanndd mmeemmoorryy ccaarrddss

Editor's Notes

  1. Read aloud
  2. Have students spell their first name using the ASCII Code
  3. Keyboard- input Printer- Output Digital camera- both Mouse- input Computer screen- output Speakers- output