Framing Research Proposal Research Methodology

1. Research Problem Formulation

2. 1.What Research is?
“Research is a Systematic Investigation
Gathering and analysis of information
Designed to develop or contribute to generalizable
knowledge”

3. Knowledge
Development of
new concepts
Advancement of
existing
knowledge

4. Awarding Topmost Credits
Degree, recognition, power, wealth,…

5. 1.Critical Viewpoint

6. 1.Research Process
Identifying problem. (Questioning)
Reviewing Literature. (Systematic understanding of need)
Setting research questions, objectives, and hypotheses.
Choosing the study design and Methodology
Deciding on the sample design and Collecting data.
Processing and analyzing data and Writing the report.

7. 1.Research Types
Concerned of the New
Knowledge
Formulation of the theory
Invention
Basic
Discovering, interpreting,
and developing methods
and systems of solving the
problem in real life
Application of existing
knowledge
Applied

8. 1.To Start:
Aim
Outcome
Area of the
Research
Main
Theme
https://www.menti.com/al8k3byufiuk or 64918989

9. 1.Approaches
2.Qualitative / Quantitative

10. 1.Approaches
2.Inductive / Deductive
General
Conclusions
Pattern
Recognition
Specific
Observations
Inductive:
Accept/ Reject/
Suggest
Collect and
Analyze Data
Formulate
Testing
Hypothesis
Existing
Theory
Deductive:

11. 1.Strawberry / Coffee
Cultivation
Quantitative
Production
Capacity
Sell
Cost Efficiency
Qualitative
Public Opinion
Needs of the
Farmers
Tools and
Techniques

12. 1.Framing the Research
Question
Informal
Observation
Direct
Second
hand info
Practical
Problem
Product
Technique
Process
Previous
Research
Subject
related
Interest
Related
School of
Research
Institute
Supervisor
Community

13. Content
Interest
Tone
Key Words
Variables
Catchy
Good Title
Make sure title describes
(a)the topic,
(b)the method,
(c)the sample, and
(d)the results of your study.
You can use the following formula:
[Result]: A [method] study of [topic] among [sample]

14. Good Title
02
03
01
04
Standards and
requirements
Use most common /
Critical keywords
MeSH
Avoid unnecessary words and
jargons. Keep the title
statement as concise and
comprehensive
5 and 15 words in
length

15. Don’ts
Period, any kind of dashes, Semi-colons, question marks
Abbreviations / Chemical formula, (H2O, CH4), Initialisms and acronyms, (Ca/CA) etc.
Avoid roman numerals (e.g., III, IX, etc.)
The taxonomic hierarchy of species of plants, animals, fungi, etc. is not needed
Uncommon words
Numerical exponents, or units (e.g. km-1 or km/hr)

16. Don’ts
Cryptic/complex drug names
Obvious or non-specific openings with a conjunction: e.g., “Report on”, “A Study of”, “Results of”, “An
Experimental Investigation of”, etc. (these don’t contribute meaning!)
Italics, unless it is used for the species names of studied organisms
Shorten scientific names (not coli, but write instead Escherichia coli)
Keep it short. Aim for 50 to 100 characters, but not more (shorter titles are cited more often) or less
than 13 words

17. Good Title Search
Projects
Sanctioned
by any
standard
agency
Commercial
Products
Search for
Thesis
Research
Papers

18. 1.Systematic Literature
Review
A process that allowed to collect relevant
evidence on the given topic that fits the pre-
specified eligibility criteria and to have an
answer for the formulated research questions.

19. 1.Meta-analysis
The use of statistical methods that can be
descriptive and/or inferential to
summarizing data from several studies on
the specific topic of interest.

20. 1.Resources
CSIR: https://www.csir.res.in/knowledge-resource-center/open-access-repositories
Shodhaganga: https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/
IndCat: http://delcon.gov.in/research_support.php
Shodhgangotri: http://shodh.inflibnet.ac.in/
International Repository: http://roar.eprints.org/view/geoname/geoname=5F2=5FIN.html
Emerald Insight: https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/00330331111129723/full/html
Indian Institute of Science: https://etd.iisc.ac.in/

21. 1.Review
The anatomy of an excellent review paper:
https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.111
1/1365-2435.13207

22. 1.Digital Tools
• CiteULike, Google Scholar, and
LazyScholar.
Search faster and
easier:
• Drives, Code Ocean and Datahub
providing data management, storage,
and sharing.
•Manage and share
data:
• Mendeley, EndNote and Citation Styles
for bibliographies, citation styles, and
references.
•Manage references:
• Academia, ResearchGate, Vidwan and
Addgene
•Connect with fellow
researchers:

23. 1.Digital Tools

24. 1.Digital Tools

25. 1.Modern Trends
• More Complex, Coordinated, and
Collaborative Research Methodology
Trend 1:
• Applied Research with Social and
Economic Impact
Trend 2:
• Technology-enabled Research and
Scholarly Communication
Trend 3:
• Blending Teaching and Research
Trend 4:
• Translational Research
Trend 5:

26. Design
unique
Research
Problem
Collaborate
Provide
Solution
Publish and
Share