Parental care in amphibians involves behaviors that protect eggs and offspring and increase their chances of survival. There are two main types of parental care in amphibians: 1) Protection via nests and nurseries, such as depositing eggs in water, on leaves, or constructing mud or foam nests. 2) Direct care from parents, including carrying eggs on their body or in pouches, coiling around eggs, and transporting tadpoles to water. Examples include tree frogs wrapping eggs in foam and males carrying eggs on their legs. Parental care enhances egg and tadpole survival by protecting them from predators and desiccation, contributing to increased reproductive fitness.
ppt on flight adaptation
a well prepared ppt on the topic of bird's flight adaptation.
a good collaboration of knowledge on this topic , hope all of you like this
plz like and share if you like it
ppt on flight adaptation
a well prepared ppt on the topic of bird's flight adaptation.
a good collaboration of knowledge on this topic , hope all of you like this
plz like and share if you like it
its all about respiratory system of insects, arrangement and position of spiracles system. Types of different respiratory systems in aquatic insects.
Contact Email: mzeeshan_93@yahoo.com
Please find here, the powerpoint presentation that was made by me for my studetns who are in IX standard.
Out this presentation ,my students were really benefitted
Its my present to all the students.Get promoted by watching this.
Thank You
S.Seethakutty
Chettinad Vidya Mandir
Karur,Tamil Nadu
a cold-blooded vertebrate animal of a class that comprises the frogs, toads, newts, and salamanders. They are distinguished by having an aquatic gill-breathing larval stage followed (typically) by a terrestrial lung-breathing adult stage.
looking after the eggs or young until they are independent to defend from predators is known as parental care.
Amphibians show great diversity in Parental care.
All birds are in the Animalia Kingdom, Phylum of Chordata (with a backbone), and Class Aves (birds). At the Order level, the birds begin to diverge. For instance, the pelicans are in the Pelecaniformes Order while the nuthatches are in the Passeriformes Order.
This presentation provide information about salient feature of cyclostomata with proper examples and explanation why they are classified in this class.
It is mainly a college presentation based on 'parental care in amphibia'. In this ppt, I discussed about parental care, basic facts of amphibia, the types and benefits of parental care taken by amphibia
its all about respiratory system of insects, arrangement and position of spiracles system. Types of different respiratory systems in aquatic insects.
Contact Email: mzeeshan_93@yahoo.com
Please find here, the powerpoint presentation that was made by me for my studetns who are in IX standard.
Out this presentation ,my students were really benefitted
Its my present to all the students.Get promoted by watching this.
Thank You
S.Seethakutty
Chettinad Vidya Mandir
Karur,Tamil Nadu
a cold-blooded vertebrate animal of a class that comprises the frogs, toads, newts, and salamanders. They are distinguished by having an aquatic gill-breathing larval stage followed (typically) by a terrestrial lung-breathing adult stage.
looking after the eggs or young until they are independent to defend from predators is known as parental care.
Amphibians show great diversity in Parental care.
All birds are in the Animalia Kingdom, Phylum of Chordata (with a backbone), and Class Aves (birds). At the Order level, the birds begin to diverge. For instance, the pelicans are in the Pelecaniformes Order while the nuthatches are in the Passeriformes Order.
This presentation provide information about salient feature of cyclostomata with proper examples and explanation why they are classified in this class.
It is mainly a college presentation based on 'parental care in amphibia'. In this ppt, I discussed about parental care, basic facts of amphibia, the types and benefits of parental care taken by amphibia
PARENTAL CARE IN FISHES.pptx for 5th semborkhotudu123
Parental care in fishes varies greatly depending on the species. Some species exhibit no parental care at all, with the eggs being left to develop on their own, while others display elaborate forms of care, such as guarding the eggs, fanning them to provide oxygen, or even carrying the eggs in their mouths. These behaviors can enhance the survival of the offspring by protecting them from predators, providing oxygen, and ensuring optimal conditions for development.
Parental care in fishes, several fishes showing parental care,different types...Anand P P
parental care in fishes is very important role in survival of young ones.the important parental care methods included in this slide,and this slide also contain which are the fishes showing parental cares.
Parental care is any behavior pattern in which a parent invests time or energy in feeding and protecting its offspring.
Parental care is a form of altruism since this type of behaviour involves increasing the fitness of the offspring at the expense of the parents.
The evolution of parental care is beneficial as it facilitates offspring performance traits that are ultimately tied to offspring fitness.
Parental care is evolved in those organism which produce limited no. of eggs to ensure the continuity of their race.
Learn the Reproduction in Animals in an easy way.
Definition, Examples and type
1. Mammals
2. Egg laying animals
Explanation, Features, examples
lot to learn in easy way
Learn why reproduction is important for life on earth. Also recognize that animals viz., mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, frogs, fish, etc., reproduce in different ways.
24. Parental care in fishes.........pptxsalehaasawer
Parental care can be defined as an association between the offspring and parents as to increase the chances of survival of offsprings. Parental care is not commonly seen in fishes, only the class cichlidae shows the parental care by brooding their offsprings.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Zoo CC305 Parental Care in Amphibians.pdf
1. Semester-III ZOO CC305
Self learning
PARENTAL CARE IN AMPHIBIANS
Dr. Sister M. Stuti A.C
Assistant Professor
Department of Zoology
Patna Women’s College
2. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to :
• define Parental Care
• explain parental Care in Amphibians
• list the different modes of Parental Care in
amphibians
• elucidate how they protect their eggs and young ones
• give examples and draw different diagrams of
amphibia
• list the advantages of Parental Care in amphibia
4. INTRODUCTION
•Parental care can be defined as any non-genetic contribution
by a parent that increases the fitness of offspring and can
occur before or after laying or birth.(Stahlschmidt &
DeNardo,2011)
•Parental care in Amphibia may be defined as any behaviour
exhibited by a parent towards its offspring’s chances of
survival (Trivers,(1972)
5. INTRODUCTION
•Looking after the eggs or young until they are independent
to defend themselves from predators is known as parental
care
•Parental care is very important factor for survival
•Parental care behaviour is any behaviour performed after
breeding by one or both parents, that contributes to the
survival of their offspring. Parental care is a form of altruism
(unselfish concern for other) in spending time and energy to
aid its offspring. The degree of parental care varies
considerably, from species to species and depends upon the
number of offspring produced.
6. •The amphibians were the first among vertebrates to invade
land. They faced the most hardship and were anxious about
the continuation of their race. Hence they developed various
ways and means to protect their progenies.
The methods of caring by amphibians is mainly divided into
two categories
A) Protection by nests and nurseries
B) Direct carring by parents
•The continuation of race is made possible by rearing
of the offspring. Male and female giving food, shelter
and protection to their off springs is parental
behaviour.
7. A.Protection by means of nest and nurseries.
Deposition of eggs in suitable places:
In Triton the eggs may be fixed with the aquatic weeds by
glues.
A number of different species of frogs lay their eggs in
suitable place either in water or outside the water.
In water- Rana tigrina (Indian Frog) lay eggs in pond water
in a jelly like bunch.
8. On tree or away from water
American frog Hylodes keep their eggs
below the rocks, mosses and on leaves of
trees. The eggs of these species are
larger and development takes place fast
as yolk is in sufficient quantity
9. Construction of Nest
A number of different species of frogs construct
nests or shelters in which the eggs are laid. They
construct following different types of nests.
MUD NEST-Female tree frog Hyla faber
Form nurseries at the bottom of the shallow pond
for care of eggs .They construct 7-10cm deep
hole in the mud in shallow water.
Mud nests
10. Females lays eggs in nests and male
discharge sperms to fertilize eggs.
Tunnel nest
Female Japanese tree frog (Rhacophorus
Ocellatus) makes a spherical hole in mud
at pond banks and lays eggs and males
discharge sperm and fertilize the eggs
11. Construction of Nest
Leaf Nest
Tree frog of South America (Phyllomedusa
malabariens) ,Africa (Chiromatis) lts eggs on rolled
up leaves hanging above water.The nest is covered
by many leaves.Eggs develop into tadpoles.The
tadpoles directly fall into the water.Further
metamorphosis of larva take place in water.After two
to three weeks tadpoles fall into water.
12. • Female grass frog of rain forest Costa
rica lay her eggs on leaves of tree and
males take care of eggs.
13. Foam nests
Many amphibians convert copious mucous secretion into
nests for their young.
In Japan tree frog Rhachophros schlegeli, the couple dig
a hole into which eggs are left in a frothy mass to avoid
desiccation. During rains hatching tadpoles are washed
down the slopping tunnels into ponds or rivers water for
further development.
Floating
form nest
14. .
• The female of South American tree frog,
Leptodactylus mystacinus,stirs up a
frothy mass of mucus, fills it in holes near
water and lays eggs in them.
• Male frog Adelotus brevis lays eggs in
foam nests.
15. Gelatinous bags:
Female Phyrynixallus biroi secrets a transparent bag
and keep their fertilized eggs in it.The transparent
membranous bag is left in water current of hill
stream.Entire metamorphosis occurs in it ,small frog
come out of this bag after maturation.
Communal nests:
The toad Nectophyrynoides malcolmi prepare
communal nests in which eggs are deposited by several
females.This nest is guarded by a single male.
16. B-Direct caring by parents
Carrying of eggs over the body
Eggs are protected by covering them with
their body- Male Mantophryne robusta
species covers the eggs by elastic
gelatanious covering in row.Male sits on
the eggs and hold them with forelimbs.
17. Around the head and neck
Desmognathus fucus carry their eggs
around neck and its head.
.
Eggs coiled around
neck of female
18. Coiling around eggs:
The apodans such as Ichthyophis glutinosa
lays eggs in a shallow hole near the water and
the female coils herself around the gelatinous
egg mass
eggs
19. • In the Salamander congo eel Amphinuma the
female lays large eggs in burrows in damp soil
and guards them by coiling her body round them
until they hatch.
The female Plethodon also coils round the eggs.
Transfering tadpoles to water :
Some species of small frogs such as
Phylobates, Arthroleptis, Pelobates in both
Tropical Africa and South Americans deposits
their eggs on ground.
20. The tadpoles hatching out from parents
Eg- female in Sooglossus with their sticky ventral
tropical Africa and South America deposits their eggs
on ground.The tadpoles hatching out fasten themselves
to the back of one of the parents Eg:female in
Sooglosus with their sucker like mouth or their sticky
ventral side.
froglets
21. Eggs around the legs
• Male Alytes obstitricans rap the rows of
eggs around their legs and pelvic
region and carries them till hatching.
22. Eggs on the back of the female
Female Brazalian tree frog (Hyla goeldii)
Carry eggs on their back.
• Pipa americana eggs are carried on the back of the
mother.But the skin thickens and grows round the
eggs.Until each is enclosed in a dermal cell which
is finally covered by a lid formed from the secretion
of glands of the skin.
23. Pipa pipa (Surinam toad) the eggs are carried by female during
breeding season. The fertilized eggs are attached to the soft
and spongy back of the female.
Eggs glued to the body
Eggs on exposed belly of female
Female Rhacophorus reticulates, of Ceylon carry their eggs on
their belly
Eggs in back pouches:
Gastrotheca marsupial eggs are placed in a common pouch
present below dorsal surface of body wall.
Froglets
Eggs
24. In mouth or gull pouch
South American male frog Rhinoderma darwinii take eggs in
gull pouch. The gull pouch is modified vocal sac. (These eggs
emerge into young frog. Rhinoderma pushes at least two
fertilized eggs in vocal sacs. Tadpoles complete their
development and are metamorphosis in voal sacs.
West African tree frog (Hylambates breviceps) female carries
eggs in her buckle cavity.
froglets
Vocal sacs
25. Viviparity
Pipa dorsigera, Pseudophryne vivipara and Nectopharycnoides trotnieri
are viviparous.They give birth to young ones. Their embryos develops
in their uterus.
Embryo of pipa dorsigera get nutrition by pseudoplacenta.
The European Salamandra salamandra produce 20 or more
small young while alpine salamander S.atra. The eggs are placed
inside the uterine cavity where the entire development takes place.The
uterine wall functions physiologically as primitive placenta
operculum
Pseudoplacenta in Pipa dorsigers
Cutaneous
pouch
Yolk sac
Vascular tail
26. Conclusion
• Parental care occurs 10-15% in Anurans
exhibiting the greatest diversity.
• It enhances the survival rate of eggs and
larvae.
• Protects from predators and desiccation.
• Contributes to reproduction fitness.
27. References
• David McFarland (1985) Animal Behaviour,Pitman
Publishing limited,UK
• Lee Alan Dugatkin Principles of Animal Behaviour
Publisher:W.W.Norton
• Manning, A and Dawkins,MS (2002 ) An Introduction to
Animal Behaviour, Cambridge University Press,UK
• Agarwal V.K (2009) Animal Behaviour S.Chand
• Reena Mathur Animal Behaviour Rastogi publication