This document summarizes a presentation given at the NISO/BISG 7th Annual Forum on the Changing Standards Landscape. The presentation discusses the current bibliographic data ecosystem based on MARC standards and the movement toward linked data. It introduces NISO's Bibliographic Roadmap Initiative, which aims to identify gaps and engage stakeholders in developing a roadmap for the next generation of bibliographic data exchange to ensure interoperability, cost effectiveness, and adoption.

1. NISO/BISG 7th Annual Forum on
The Changing Standards Landscape
The E-Book Supply Chain: Latest Developments
from Libraries and Publishers
June 28, 2013 • Chicago, IL

2. Just a bit about NISO

3. So what exactly
do you do?

4. Standards = Efficiency

5. Digital content
requires
interoperability to
function

6. NISO provides
a neutral forum
where
interoperability
can develop

7. NISO’s Community
72 LSA Members

8. • Non-profit industry trade association accredited by ANSI
with 150+ members
• Mission of developing and maintaining technical standards
related to information, documentation, discovery and
distribution of published materials and media
• Volunteer driven organization: 400+ spread out across
the world
• Represent US interests to ISO TC 46 & also serve as
Secretariat for ISO TC46/SC9 - Identification &
Description
• Responsible for standards like ISSN, DOI, Dublin Core
metadata, DAISY digital talking books, OpenURL, MARC
records, and ISBN (indirectly)
About

9. Actively participate internationally with ISO, EDItEUR,
IFLA, ICSTI, International STM Association, CODATA,
UK Serials Group, LIBER, IETF,W3C
ISO Registration Authorities
NISO Internationally

11. Engage with BISG
Engage with NISO
Engage with Standards

12. Whither Bibliographic Data?
Designing a roadmap
to a new
bibliographic information ecosystem
Todd A. Carpenter, Executive Director, NISO
7th
Annual BISG/NISO Changing Standards Landscape
June 28, 2013

13. Our Dear Old Friend, MARC
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198900a021.6/5/09732192 aNational Information Standards Organization (U.S.)10aInformation retrieval service and
protocol :bAmerican national standard for information retrieval service definition and protocol specification for library
applications /capproved January 15, 1988 by American National Standards Institute ; developed by the National
Information Standards Organization. aNew Brunswick, N.J., U.S.A. :bTransaction Publishers,cc1989. axii, 50 p. ;c26
cm. 0aNational information standards series,x1041-5653 a"ANSI/NISO Z39.50-1988." 0aLibrary information
networksxStandardszUnited States. 0aComputer network protocolsxStandardszUnited States. 0aInformation storage
and retrieval systemsxStandardszUnited States.2 aAmerican National Standards Institute. bc-GenCollhZ674.8i.N44
1989tCopy 1wBOOKS

14. Our Dear Old Friend, MARC
(formatted for your viewing pleasure)

15. MARC Components
Encoding Structure
Z39.2
ISO 2709:2008 -- Format for information exchange
Format structure
Anglo-American Cataloging Rules (2nd Edition) AACR2
Resource Description & Access
Exchange System
Z39.50
SRU/SRW

16. Photo: Minneapolis College
of Art and Design Library

17. Why is MARC so efficient? It had to be.
$2,642,412
per MBin 1965
Photo: Computer History Museum Data: Memory Prices (1957-2013)

18. How much computer technology pre-dates this?

19. Unfortunately, quite a bit...

21. Why?

22. We avoid improving infrastructure

23. Billions and billions of records
Photo: dfulmer

24. Photo:from I Love Libraries
MARC’s Massive installed base

25. If you were building a network today
would you string copper everywhere?

26. If you building a metadata ecosystem,
would you start here?
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017604000180019104300120020905000220022108200210024311000550026424503080031926000670062730000250
069444000540071950000290077365000600080265000580086265000730092071000430099399100480103638568531
9951219150001.4881118s1989 nju 000 0 eng 9(DLC) 88029610 a7bcbccorignewd1eocipf19gy-gencatlg
aCIP ver. pv04 12-06-95 a 88029610 a0887389538 aDLCcDLCdDLC an-us---00aZ674.8b.N44
198900a021.6/5/09732192 aNational Information Standards Organization (U.S.)10aInformation retrieval service and
protocol :bAmerican national standard for information retrieval service definition and protocol specification for library
applications /capproved January 15, 1988 by American National Standards Institute ; developed by the National
Information Standards Organization. aNew Brunswick, N.J., U.S.A. :bTransaction Publishers,cc1989. axii, 50 p. ;c26
cm. 0aNational information standards series,x1041-5653 a"ANSI/NISO Z39.50-1988." 0aLibrary information
networksxStandardszUnited States. 0aComputer network protocolsxStandardszUnited States. 0aInformation storage
and retrieval systemsxStandardszUnited States.2 aAmerican National Standards Institute. bc-GenCollhZ674.8i.N44
1989tCopy 1wBOOKS

27. “MARC Must Die!”
-Roy Tennant (2002)

28. Mmmmmm, Brains!

29. MARC is useful.
It is efficient.
It is our lingua franca.
There are many reasons to
retain it.
But wait.....

32. Movement toward linked data
datahub.io - 5107 data stores
id.loc.gov
British National Bibliography (BNB)
VIAF
OCLC WorldCat Linked Data Store
Deutsche Nationalbibliografie (DNB) (Germany)
datos.bne.es (Spain)
W3C Library Linked Data Incubator Group
Many, many more...

33. But is it sufficient?

34. Organizations will not move away from a legacy system
unless the new system:
a) Is demonstrably cheaper
b) Is demonstrably more effective in producing results
(discovery, use, etc.)
c) Will make the organization demonstrably more efficient
(staff, management, sales, etc.)
OR
d) The legacy system becomes entirely
non-interoperable with other, more important systems
OR
e) The legacy system breaks and cannot be repaired

35. Can we say a new
metadata management system
based on linked data
will be/do one of those things?

37. It is in….
Adoption
(or rather, in its
absence)
The point at which most standards
fail is not prior to consensus

38. “You would be a fool to
design a system based
on an interchange
protocol.”
- Mark Bide, EDItEUR

39. Next generation library
systems are
already in production

40. Just a few...

41. How can we assure that we
are doing the right things?
For everyone?
That will save resources?
That will improve services?
That will be adopted?

42. NISO’s
Bibliographic
Roadmap Initiative
With gracious thanks to
The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation

43. Initiative coordination
Gap identification
Economic analysis
Engage diverse players
Open process

44. Some issues:
Semantics
Interoperability
Economics
Rules
Provenance/Authority
Staffing/Training
Users

45. What have we done?
In-person meeting on April 15-16
in Baltimore
An unconference on bibliographic data exchange
45 in-person
more than 40 more online
more than 200 subsequent viewers

46. What we are trying to avoid

47. The world
makes way for
the man who
knows where
he is going.
- Ralph Waldo Emerson

48. “If you don't know where
you're going, you might not
get there.”
-Yogi Berra

49. More Detail & Discussion
NISO Roadmap initiative
Monday 1:00 pm
MCP - Room N227a

50. Thank you!
Todd Carpenter, Executive Director
tcarpenter@niso.org
National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
3600 Clipper Mill Road, Suite 302
Baltimore, MD 21211 USA
+1 (301) 654-2512
www.niso.org