Bibliographical information plays an important role information retrieval for the research community particularly in the field of science and technology. But during the bibliographical information exchange certain problems arise and more when the information interchange is on magnetic tape or CD-ROM. Different international organisations such as UNESCO/PGI, UNISIST, ICSU, IFLA, ISO have taken many steps towards the standardisation of bibliographic exchange formats. The process of standardisation follows a set of codes given by International Standard Organisation (ISO).
Standards to facilitate information exchange has always been a subject of concern.
To provide a flexible exchange format that could be used for converting data from libraries and information services of all types, UNESCO developed the Common Communication Format (CCF). The main aim of this format was to produce a method of organising bibliographic descriptions which could be exchanged between institutions. This format was to act as a link between the databases produced in different internal formats of libraries.
This power point presentation gives an overview idea of basic features , structure and use of ISO 2709.Each of it's structural elements have been described with diagrams and the ultimate form of a ISO 2709 Bibliographic record has been illustrated with a picture.
OAIS: What is it and Where is it Going? - Don Sawyer (2002)faflrt
Open Archival Information Service (OAIS) workshop. Presented by Don Sawyer of NASA Goddard and Lou Reich, CSC contractor to NASA. Sponsored by ALA Federal and Armed Forces Libraries Roundtable (FAFLRT). Presented on June 15, 2002 at ALA Annual Conference.
IFLA-ISO Relations since 1947: Making standards in information and documentationISSN International Centre
This presentation was prepared for IFLA Committee on Standards' session during the 87th IFLA WLIC Conference. It focuses on the relationship between IFLA and ISO since 1947. It explains ISO standardization process. It gives some examples of ISO TC46 Information & Documentation standards developed with other standards organizations. It suggests some avenues for cooperation between IFLA and ISO in standards making.
Standards to facilitate information exchange has always been a subject of concern.
To provide a flexible exchange format that could be used for converting data from libraries and information services of all types, UNESCO developed the Common Communication Format (CCF). The main aim of this format was to produce a method of organising bibliographic descriptions which could be exchanged between institutions. This format was to act as a link between the databases produced in different internal formats of libraries.
This power point presentation gives an overview idea of basic features , structure and use of ISO 2709.Each of it's structural elements have been described with diagrams and the ultimate form of a ISO 2709 Bibliographic record has been illustrated with a picture.
OAIS: What is it and Where is it Going? - Don Sawyer (2002)faflrt
Open Archival Information Service (OAIS) workshop. Presented by Don Sawyer of NASA Goddard and Lou Reich, CSC contractor to NASA. Sponsored by ALA Federal and Armed Forces Libraries Roundtable (FAFLRT). Presented on June 15, 2002 at ALA Annual Conference.
IFLA-ISO Relations since 1947: Making standards in information and documentationISSN International Centre
This presentation was prepared for IFLA Committee on Standards' session during the 87th IFLA WLIC Conference. It focuses on the relationship between IFLA and ISO since 1947. It explains ISO standardization process. It gives some examples of ISO TC46 Information & Documentation standards developed with other standards organizations. It suggests some avenues for cooperation between IFLA and ISO in standards making.
Urm concept for sharing information inside of communitiesKarel Charvat
The paper describe concept for Sharing Information Inside Communities - Uniform Resource Management (URM), which support validation, discovery and access to heterogeneous information and knowledge. It is based on utilisation of metadata schemes. The URM models currently also integrate different tools, which support sharing of knowledge. The URM concept was introduced by NaturNet Redime project as tool for managing of educational context and now is modified for general sharing of information inside of community in c@r project. The concept is now partly implemented as part of Czech metadata portal, Czech portal for United Nation Spatial Data infrastructure and it is also tested in Latvia by BOCS
Reference Model for an Open Archival Information Systems (OAIS): Overview and...faflrt
ALA/FAFLRT Workshop on Open Archival Information Service (OAIS). Presented by Alan Wood/A.E.Wood & Erickson/Lockheed Martin, Don Sawyer/NASA/GSFC, and Lou Reich/CSC. Sponsored by ALA Federal and Armed Forces Libraries Roundtable (FAFLRT). Presented on June 16, 2001 at the ALA Annual Conference.
Introduction to MARC
History (MARC to MARC 21)
Why MARC 21/Need of MARC 21
Characteristics
Design principle for MARC 21
MARC 21 Documentation
MARC 21Record System
MARC 21 Communication formats
MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data
Component of bibliographic record
Communication Standard
Mapping of MARC 21
MARC 21 Translation
Maintenance Agency
MARC 21 Regulation
Advantage of MARC 21
Problems with MARC 21
Future of MARC 21
Metadata management for data storage spaces :
INDEXATOR is a metadata management tool that addresses the problems of organising, documenting, storing and sharing data in a research unit or infrastructure, and fits perfectly into a data management plan of a collective.
The central idea is that the storage space becomes the data repository, so the metadata should go to the data and not the other way around.
Given the diversity of domains, the approach chosen is to be both as flexible and as pragmatic as possible by allowing each collective to choose its own (controlled) vocabulary corresponding to the reality of its field and activities. The main idea is to be able to "capture" the user's metadata as easily as possible using their vocabulary. It is possible to define the whole terminology using a spreadsheet.
The choice was made for the JSON format, which is very appropriate for describing metadata, readable by both humans and machines.
This tool is built around a web interface coupled with a MongoDB database. The web interface allows you to i) Describe a dataset using metadata of various types (Description), ii) Search datasets by their metadata (Accessibility).
Presented by Peter Burnhill at e-Journals are forever? Preservation and Continuing Access to e-journal Content. A DPC, EDINA and JISC joint initiative, British Library, London, 26 April 2010.
Metadata for Terminology / KOS ResourcesMarcia Zeng
1. Why do we need metadata for terminology resources? 2. What do we need to know about a terminology resource? 3. Is there a standardized set of metadata elements for terminology resources?-- a presentation at the "New Dimensions in Knowledge Organization Systems", a Joint NKOS/ CENDI Workshop, World Bank, Washington, DC. September 11, 2008 http://nkos.slis.kent.edu/2008workshop/NKOS-CENDI2008.htm
Speakers: Laurie Kaplan, ProQuest; Nettie Lagace, NISO. This program provides an update on several NISO projects potentially of interest to serials librarians, including PIE-J (Presentation and Identification of E-Journals), ODI (Open Discovery Initiative), KBART (KnowledgeBases and Related Tools), and OAMI (Open Access Metadata and Indicators). The projects are at different stages in their creation, publication and revision lifecycles, but all require community understanding and input. Participants will receive practical information on how the initiatives affect their daily work and how their experiences can shape the creation and uptake of consensus-based community standards in the library and information industry.
Actions and Updates on the Standards and Best Practices FrontNASIG
This program will provide an update on several NISO projects potentially of interest to serials librarians, including PIE-J (Presentation and Identification of E-Journals), ODI (Open Discovery Initiative), KBART (KnowledgeBases and Related Tools), and OAMI (Open Access Metadata and Indicators). The projects are at different stages in their creation, publication and revision lifecycles, but all require community understanding and input. Participants will receive practical information on how the initiatives affect their daily work and how their experiences can shape the creation and uptake of consensus-based community standards in the library and information industry.
Laurie Kaplan
Director of Editorial Operations, ProQuest
New Providence, NJ
Director of Editorial Operations at ProQuest, facilitates the efforts of the international database and Serials Provider Relations departments. Throughout her career of over a decade at ProQuest, Laurie has successfully directed the international data team responsible for Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, Ulrichsweb, and the multinational databases in 360 Core. This depth of experience positions Laurie as a subject matter expert with previous presentations at Charleston, NASIG and Computers in Libraries on topics ranging from open access and metadata to linked data and serials. Earning MLIS from Rutgers University, JD from St. John's University School of Law, and BA from Lafayette College.
Nettie Lagace
Associate Director for Programs, NISO - National Information Standards Organization
Nettie Lagace is the Associate Director for Programs at NISO, where she is responsible for facilitating the work of NISO's topic committees and development groups for standards and best practices, and working with the community to encourage broad adoption of this consensus work. Prior to joining NISO in 2011, Nettie worked at Ex Libris, where she served for 11 years in a number of library and information provider-facing roles, most recently Product Director, working on the SFX link resolver, Verde electronic resource management software, and bX scholarly recommender service.
New from BookNet Canada: Standards & Certification - Tech Forum 2016 - Tom Ri...BookNet Canada
"New from BookNet Canada: Standards & Certification" by Tom Richardson (BookNet Canada) for Tech Forum 2016, presented by BookNet Canada - April 1, 2016
RDA & serials-transitioning to rda within a marc 21 framework-handoutNASIG
Over the past two years, CONSER has been developing documentation and "bridge" training material as RDA cataloging policies and best practices evolve. By June 2013, post RDA implementation guidelines from the PCC should be in place and ready for practical implementation.
The workshop will provide basic instructions for RDA serials cataloging based on the most up to date PCC and CONSER RDA decisions and practices. The presenters will incorporate in-class, hands-on exercises to engage participants in active learning. Prior to the workshop, attendees will be expected to complete prerequisite self study training modules on FRBR Fundamental Concepts and the RDA Toolkit. Also prior to the workshop attendees may participate in an online follow-up session on the prerequisite materials to complement the in-class training component.
This workshop is aimed at experienced AACR2 catalogers making the transition to RDA.
This presentation was provided by Rob Wheeler of ASME and Lesley West of ASTM International during the NISO event, XML for Standards Publishers, held in Geneva Switzerland on October 9, 2017.
NISO Virtual Conference: Expanding the Assessment Toolbox: Blending the Old and New Assessment Practices
Value in numbers: A Shared Approach to Measuring Usage and Impact
Jo Alcock MSc(Econ) MCLIP, Researcher, Evidence Base, Birmingham City University
Value in numbers: A Shared Approach to Measuring Usage and Impact JUSPSTATS
Presentation given as part of the NISO Virtual Conference: Expanding the Assessment Toolbox: Blending the Old and New Assessment Practices. The presentation gives an overview of JUSP and IRUS-UK and shows the value in using a shared approach to measuring usage and impact.
Many commercial online search systems permit the formation complex expressions by using Boolean logic to combine retrieval sets, Boolean logic is algebra of sets. In online information retrieval, Boolean logic is applied to sets of posting. Boolean logic (named after George Boole, a 19th century mathematician) defines logical relationships between terms in a search.
All types of libraries /information centres are organized to provide some basic services which are rendered either in anticipation or on demand from the users. The information services provided in anticipation are termed as alerting services as this alert the users about the new information of their interest. Broadly speaking the same is also termed as current awareness service . The primary aim of any library is to provide timely and quality services to its users
Urm concept for sharing information inside of communitiesKarel Charvat
The paper describe concept for Sharing Information Inside Communities - Uniform Resource Management (URM), which support validation, discovery and access to heterogeneous information and knowledge. It is based on utilisation of metadata schemes. The URM models currently also integrate different tools, which support sharing of knowledge. The URM concept was introduced by NaturNet Redime project as tool for managing of educational context and now is modified for general sharing of information inside of community in c@r project. The concept is now partly implemented as part of Czech metadata portal, Czech portal for United Nation Spatial Data infrastructure and it is also tested in Latvia by BOCS
Reference Model for an Open Archival Information Systems (OAIS): Overview and...faflrt
ALA/FAFLRT Workshop on Open Archival Information Service (OAIS). Presented by Alan Wood/A.E.Wood & Erickson/Lockheed Martin, Don Sawyer/NASA/GSFC, and Lou Reich/CSC. Sponsored by ALA Federal and Armed Forces Libraries Roundtable (FAFLRT). Presented on June 16, 2001 at the ALA Annual Conference.
Introduction to MARC
History (MARC to MARC 21)
Why MARC 21/Need of MARC 21
Characteristics
Design principle for MARC 21
MARC 21 Documentation
MARC 21Record System
MARC 21 Communication formats
MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data
Component of bibliographic record
Communication Standard
Mapping of MARC 21
MARC 21 Translation
Maintenance Agency
MARC 21 Regulation
Advantage of MARC 21
Problems with MARC 21
Future of MARC 21
Metadata management for data storage spaces :
INDEXATOR is a metadata management tool that addresses the problems of organising, documenting, storing and sharing data in a research unit or infrastructure, and fits perfectly into a data management plan of a collective.
The central idea is that the storage space becomes the data repository, so the metadata should go to the data and not the other way around.
Given the diversity of domains, the approach chosen is to be both as flexible and as pragmatic as possible by allowing each collective to choose its own (controlled) vocabulary corresponding to the reality of its field and activities. The main idea is to be able to "capture" the user's metadata as easily as possible using their vocabulary. It is possible to define the whole terminology using a spreadsheet.
The choice was made for the JSON format, which is very appropriate for describing metadata, readable by both humans and machines.
This tool is built around a web interface coupled with a MongoDB database. The web interface allows you to i) Describe a dataset using metadata of various types (Description), ii) Search datasets by their metadata (Accessibility).
Presented by Peter Burnhill at e-Journals are forever? Preservation and Continuing Access to e-journal Content. A DPC, EDINA and JISC joint initiative, British Library, London, 26 April 2010.
Metadata for Terminology / KOS ResourcesMarcia Zeng
1. Why do we need metadata for terminology resources? 2. What do we need to know about a terminology resource? 3. Is there a standardized set of metadata elements for terminology resources?-- a presentation at the "New Dimensions in Knowledge Organization Systems", a Joint NKOS/ CENDI Workshop, World Bank, Washington, DC. September 11, 2008 http://nkos.slis.kent.edu/2008workshop/NKOS-CENDI2008.htm
Speakers: Laurie Kaplan, ProQuest; Nettie Lagace, NISO. This program provides an update on several NISO projects potentially of interest to serials librarians, including PIE-J (Presentation and Identification of E-Journals), ODI (Open Discovery Initiative), KBART (KnowledgeBases and Related Tools), and OAMI (Open Access Metadata and Indicators). The projects are at different stages in their creation, publication and revision lifecycles, but all require community understanding and input. Participants will receive practical information on how the initiatives affect their daily work and how their experiences can shape the creation and uptake of consensus-based community standards in the library and information industry.
Actions and Updates on the Standards and Best Practices FrontNASIG
This program will provide an update on several NISO projects potentially of interest to serials librarians, including PIE-J (Presentation and Identification of E-Journals), ODI (Open Discovery Initiative), KBART (KnowledgeBases and Related Tools), and OAMI (Open Access Metadata and Indicators). The projects are at different stages in their creation, publication and revision lifecycles, but all require community understanding and input. Participants will receive practical information on how the initiatives affect their daily work and how their experiences can shape the creation and uptake of consensus-based community standards in the library and information industry.
Laurie Kaplan
Director of Editorial Operations, ProQuest
New Providence, NJ
Director of Editorial Operations at ProQuest, facilitates the efforts of the international database and Serials Provider Relations departments. Throughout her career of over a decade at ProQuest, Laurie has successfully directed the international data team responsible for Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, Ulrichsweb, and the multinational databases in 360 Core. This depth of experience positions Laurie as a subject matter expert with previous presentations at Charleston, NASIG and Computers in Libraries on topics ranging from open access and metadata to linked data and serials. Earning MLIS from Rutgers University, JD from St. John's University School of Law, and BA from Lafayette College.
Nettie Lagace
Associate Director for Programs, NISO - National Information Standards Organization
Nettie Lagace is the Associate Director for Programs at NISO, where she is responsible for facilitating the work of NISO's topic committees and development groups for standards and best practices, and working with the community to encourage broad adoption of this consensus work. Prior to joining NISO in 2011, Nettie worked at Ex Libris, where she served for 11 years in a number of library and information provider-facing roles, most recently Product Director, working on the SFX link resolver, Verde electronic resource management software, and bX scholarly recommender service.
New from BookNet Canada: Standards & Certification - Tech Forum 2016 - Tom Ri...BookNet Canada
"New from BookNet Canada: Standards & Certification" by Tom Richardson (BookNet Canada) for Tech Forum 2016, presented by BookNet Canada - April 1, 2016
RDA & serials-transitioning to rda within a marc 21 framework-handoutNASIG
Over the past two years, CONSER has been developing documentation and "bridge" training material as RDA cataloging policies and best practices evolve. By June 2013, post RDA implementation guidelines from the PCC should be in place and ready for practical implementation.
The workshop will provide basic instructions for RDA serials cataloging based on the most up to date PCC and CONSER RDA decisions and practices. The presenters will incorporate in-class, hands-on exercises to engage participants in active learning. Prior to the workshop, attendees will be expected to complete prerequisite self study training modules on FRBR Fundamental Concepts and the RDA Toolkit. Also prior to the workshop attendees may participate in an online follow-up session on the prerequisite materials to complement the in-class training component.
This workshop is aimed at experienced AACR2 catalogers making the transition to RDA.
This presentation was provided by Rob Wheeler of ASME and Lesley West of ASTM International during the NISO event, XML for Standards Publishers, held in Geneva Switzerland on October 9, 2017.
NISO Virtual Conference: Expanding the Assessment Toolbox: Blending the Old and New Assessment Practices
Value in numbers: A Shared Approach to Measuring Usage and Impact
Jo Alcock MSc(Econ) MCLIP, Researcher, Evidence Base, Birmingham City University
Value in numbers: A Shared Approach to Measuring Usage and Impact JUSPSTATS
Presentation given as part of the NISO Virtual Conference: Expanding the Assessment Toolbox: Blending the Old and New Assessment Practices. The presentation gives an overview of JUSP and IRUS-UK and shows the value in using a shared approach to measuring usage and impact.
Many commercial online search systems permit the formation complex expressions by using Boolean logic to combine retrieval sets, Boolean logic is algebra of sets. In online information retrieval, Boolean logic is applied to sets of posting. Boolean logic (named after George Boole, a 19th century mathematician) defines logical relationships between terms in a search.
All types of libraries /information centres are organized to provide some basic services which are rendered either in anticipation or on demand from the users. The information services provided in anticipation are termed as alerting services as this alert the users about the new information of their interest. Broadly speaking the same is also termed as current awareness service . The primary aim of any library is to provide timely and quality services to its users
Hardware and Software requirements for Internet 2.pptxRbalasubramani
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Evaluation of Library Automation software ppt.pptxRbalasubramani
The selection of a good and perfect software package is not an easy job. A package which does not perform as expected or which requires expensive modifications will shake its creditability to the librarians to purchase them. A change of finding a right package could be improved by setting up an evaluation process based on common sense.
The prime objective of any library is to meet the information requirements of its clients most effectively. To meet this objective, the library builds the collection in a planned manner and offers a variety of information services to inform the users what is available and whatever latest has been published in their areas of interest. All these services generate requests from the users for the original documents. The service that supplies the required document to the user on demand is known as Document Delivery Service.
Management of Library Automation
Library Automation refers to the use of computers to serve the needs of library users. The operations of a library get a quantum jump with the introductions of computers. The computers help to provide fast and reliable access to the resources available in the library as well as elsewhere. The application of computers in the library operations avoids repetitive jobs and saves lot of labour, time, speeds up operations, increases use of library resources. Computers are not only used as a tool for processing the data, but also for data storage and accessing. Planning for an automated system, no matter how big or small, should be part of an overall long-range plan for the library. Automation should always be used as a means to achieve overall better patron service.
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
Today, more and more libraries are adopting RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technologies as it streamlines workflow in the area of self service, book returns, shelf management and inventory.
SOUL: LIBRARY AUTOMATION SOFTWARE
Software is defined as a set of related computer programs (stored set of instructions) that governs the operation of computer system and makes the hardware run. The software for a computer system may be classified as system software (e.g. Operating System) and application software. System software is responsible for the overall management of the computer resources whereas application software is designed to perform certain tasks and thereby make computers able to perform different predefined jobs. Library automation software, as application software, performs day-to-day library activities through human interventions. Library automation packages are developed in view of the two most essential activities of any library – housekeeping and information retrieval.
Automating the library is a fruitful solution for avoiding majority of problems. But is also identified , that most of our libraries, especially school and public libraries, run their services with a very small budgetary/financial support. Such libraries may find it difficult to take initiative for automating the system. In such situations, chossing open source software is the best solution.
Library automation refers to the implementation of information and communications technologies (ICT) in the libraries and information centres for replacing manual library operations. The term automation is used for any process which is done through input and output operation. Library automation system includes maintenance of large bibliographical database. The status of library automation depends on Interaction between human and computer to accomplish various tasks of the library automation systems. In order to provide and also to enable the records in the database. The international standards for bibliographic description of library automation system uses sophisticated software tools and standard to index search and display information from the database created.
Z39.50 :An Information Retrieval Protocol.
The development of online bibliographic databases and the rapid growth of online services accessible on the internet and world wide web (WWW) has made it possible to access information in ways not possible before. Libraries, whose primary mandate is to provide information, shifted the emphasis from collecting the information in hard copy to accessing information through electronic resources.
The word 'Bibliography' originates from two Greek words, viz., 'Biblion' which means 'Book' and 'graphien' which means 'to write'. The original meaning of 'bibliography' was 'writing of books', Nowadays bibliography means listing of book/documents irrespective of the fact that whether they are available in a library or not.
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For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. Introduction
• Bibliographical information plays an important role information retrieval
for the research community particularly in the field of science and
technology. But during the bibliographical information exchange certain
problems arise and more when the information interchange is on magnetic
tape or CD-ROM. Different international organisations such as
UNESCO/PGI, UNISIST, ICSU, IFLA, ISO have taken many steps
towards the standardisation of bibliographic exchange formats. The
process of standardisation follows a set of codes given by International
Standard Organisation (ISO).
3. Contd..
• ISO is International Organization for Standardization.
ISO 2709 is an international format for information
interchange It is the world’s largest developer and
publisher of international standards. It is developed in
23 February 1947. They give world-class specifications
for products, services and systems to unsure quality,
safety and efficiency. International standards make
thing work. They are instrumental in facilitating
international trade
4. What are Bibliographic Formats
They are the formats which are
used to describe the arrangement
or structure of computer readable
record of bibliographic data.
Bibliographic data commonly
contain
Fields: Different fields in a
bibliographic data are title,
name of author, subject,
edition, publication data,
physical description of the
book, Standard
numbers(ISBN,ISSN etc.)
5. Bibliographic
levels
Monograph: An item that issued as a
single physical piece. Ex. a book,
thesis, report etc.
Analytic: An item which is a part of a
parent item. Ex. a chapter from a book,
article from a journal etc.
Serials: A publication issued
periodically. Ex. journals, magazines etc.
Collection: An item issued in two or
more physical pieces.Ex multivolumed
encyclopaedia.
7. History and development of ISO
It was first created as ANSI/NISO Standard Z39.2, one of the first standards
for information technology and called Information Interchange Format.
Developed by Henriette Avram in late 1960’s. First version was published in
1973. Revised and Second edition was published in 1981. Latest version in
ISO 2709:2008. 1946, delegates from 25 countries met in London and
decided to create a new international organization, of which the object would
be "to facilitate the international coordination and unification of industrial
standards". The new organization, ISO, officially began operations on 23
February 1947, in Geneva, Switzerland
8. What are
Standards?
Standard is a technical document
designed to be used as a rule,
guideline or definition. It is a
consensus-built, repeatable way of
doing something.
A standard is an agreed way of
doing something. It could be about
making a product, managing a
process, delivering a service or
supplying materials .
Standards can cover a huge range
of activities undertaken by
organizations and used by their
customers.
9. What is Standard Organization?
• A standards organization, standards body, standards developing organization
(SDO), or standards setting organization (SSO) is an organization whose primary
activities are developing, coordinating, promulgating, revising, amending, reissuing,
interpreting, or otherwise producing technical standards that are intended to address
the needs of some relatively wide base of affected adopters.
• Standards organizations can be classified by their role, position, and the extent of
their influence on the local, national, regional, and global standardization arena
10. Major purpose of
Standardization
To permit exchange of bibliographic records
between groups of libraries and abstracting and
indexing service.
To permit a bibliographic agency to manipulate
bibliographic records received from both
libraries and abstracting and indexing services.
To serve as the basis of a format for an agency’s
own bibliographic database by providing a list of
useful data elements.
To assist the development of individual system.
11. ISO 2709
It is an international format
for information
interchange.
It was developed for the
exchange of bibliographic
record on magnetic tapes.
The records describe all forms
of material capable of
bibliographic description as
well as other type of records.
Describes a generalized
structure, a frame work
designed specially for
communications between data
processing systems
12. Objectives OF ISO 2709
• To permit the exchange of bibliographic records
between groups of libraries and abstracting and
indexing Services.
• To permit a bibliographic agency to manipulate
bibliographic records received from both libraries
and abstracting and indexing services.
• To serve as the basis of a format for an agency’s
own bibliographic database by providing a list of
useful data elements.
• To assist the development of individual systems
13. Structure of Bibliographic Record
The general structure of a bibliographic record
consists of four major parts:
• Record label
• Directory
• Data fields
• Record separator
14. BASIC STRUCTURE
Record label
• This area of the record contains general information which
may be needed in processing the record, constituted
according to the provision of IS0 2709.
• Record label Contains data that identify to the system,
the type of record contains necessary for the processing
of the record . The first 24 characters of the record. This
is the only portion of the record that is fixed in length.
The record label includes the record length and the base
address of the data contained in the record. It also has
data elements that indicate how many characters are
used for indicators and subfield identifiers.
15. Contd…
Directory
• Contains ‘Content designator’ for each data field
followed by an indication of the position in the
record where the data relating to that field and the
length of the field. If a field is repeated, it has two
entries in the directory, one for each appearance.
• The directory provides the entry positions to the
fields in the record, along with the field tags. A
directory entry has five parts and cannot exceed
nine characters in length.
16. Contd..
Tag: A three-character code identifying the data field which
corresponds to the directory entry.
Length of Data Field: A four-digit number showing how many characters
are occupied the data field, including indicators and data field separator
but excluding the record separator code if the data field is the last field in
the record
Starting Character Position : A five-digit number giving the position of
the first character of data field relative to the base address of data, i.e. the
first character of the first of the data field
Segment Identifier: Segment Identifier: A single character
(chosen from 0-9 and/or A-Z) which designates the data field
as being a member of particular segment
Occurrence Identifier: A single character (chosen from 0-9 and A-
Z) which differentiates multiple occurrences of the data fields that
carry the same within the same record segment.
17. Data fields (Variable fields)
• A string containing all field and subfield data in the record
Data Field
• A variable length portion of the particular category of data
associated with one entry in the directory. A data field may
contain one or more sub field.
• The last components are the form and content of the data
elements, varies according to the ‘cataloguing rules’ used
as well as according to the way the different data element
prescribed by the rules and divided up and separately
identified by the format.
Data Field Structure
• Indictors - 3characters
• Subfield Identifier - 2characters
• Subfield -Variables
• Field Separator - 1 character
18. Record separator
• The record separator is the final character of
the record. It follows the field separator of the
final data field of the record. This will always
be a single character.
19. Content
Designator
Represented in most bibliographic
formats by , Indicators, & Subfield
codes
Different agencies have theirs own
content designators
It is possible to convert the content
designators automatically in order to
convert data from one format to
another
20. Tags
Three digit numeric value used as identifier known as tag.
Indicators: Indicators, where they are used, appear at the
beginning of each field in the data portion of the record.
Subfield Codes
Subfield Identifier
A characters preceding with a subfield code. For example, ‘$’
sign is used as subfield identifier in UNIMARC.
Subfield Code
A character preceding and identifying a subfield. For example,
subfield ‘a’ is title proper in the ‘title and statement of
responsibility’
21. Scope
• This International Standard describes a generalized
structure, a framework designed especially for
communications between data processing systems and
not for use as a processing format within systems
• As an ISO 2709 based MARC 21 Format for
Bibliographic Data is designed to be a carrier for
bibliographic information about printed and manuscript
textual materials, computer files, maps, music,
continuing resources, visual materials, and mixed
materials
22. Advantages OF ISO 2709
• It provides a small number of mandatory data elements, which
are recognized by all sectors of the information community as
essential in order to identify an item.
• It gives mandatory data elements that are sufficiently flexible
to accommodate varying descriptive practices.
• It also provides a number of optional elements, which may be
useful to describe an item according to practices of the agency,
which creates the record.
• It provides a mechanism for linking records and segments of
records without imposing on the originating agency any
uniform practice regarding the treatment of related groups of
records or data elements.
23. Conclusion
• During the last 25+ years, a radical change has occurred in the mechanism for transfer of
bibliographic data. The current situation is both success and failure; success, because
millions of records structured according to IS0 2709 are now available for exchange.
Some national formats, for example UNIMARC, have become virtually international. IS0
2709 will remain as a universally recognised standard for MARC. MARC is a set of
codes defining the data dements of a record in automated systems. It is estimated that
MARC and other exchange formats will continue for some time. As long as organisations
wish to exchange record or derive bibliographic data from central agencies, and until
computer technologists devise cost effective and relatively simple ways of transferring
bibliographic data in different formats between systems, exchange formats remain
necessary.