The document discusses environmental flow assessments that were conducted in the Lower Yellow River, including selecting study sites, identifying key river assets, developing conceptual models linking flows to asset health, setting ecological objectives, hydraulic modeling, and establishing recommended flow rules to balance environmental and other needs. Field surveys, workshops, and literature reviews informed the methodology and recommendations.
1) The Yellow River Environmental Flow Management Program established in 1998 aimed to restore continuous river flow, improve water quality, and protect riparian wetlands through legal measures, public consultation, water allocation reforms, and technical measures like artificial floods and sediment flushing.
2) The program succeeded in restoring continuous river flow after 1997 when it dried up for 226 days, and improved water quality through pollution reduction efforts. It also helped recover riparian wetlands that depend on freshwater supply.
3) Managing environmental flows aims to balance social benefits from flood control, water supply, and other river uses with ecological benefits like protecting habitats and wetland vegetation. The River Health Index is used as a tool to help achieve this
This document summarizes water quality data collected from the Sabana Llana stream in Puerto Rico. Key findings include:
- The average temperature was 26.5°C, turbidity was 45.8 NTU, and pH was 8.2, making the water suitable for most organisms.
- Conductivity was 403 μS/cm and dissolved oxygen was 5.9 mg/L, below levels needed to support some species.
- Nitrate levels were low at 1.3 mg/L NO3–-N, and stream flow was low at 0.034 cfs due to stream characteristics.
- Water quality parameters were analyzed to understand pollution sources and their impacts on the local
The document provides information about the Bass River watershed on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. It summarizes that the watershed covers 10,331 acres across 11,800 parcels in Dennis, Yarmouth, and other towns. Developed land in those towns increased 58.7% and 56.3% from 1971 to 1999. The watershed includes features like Long Pond and is impacted by nitrogen pollution from septic systems, fertilizers, and other sources. Studies show some surface waters and subwatersheds exceed nitrogen limits, threatening ecosystem health. Solutions discussed include the Cape Cod Regional Wastewater Management Plan and a mix of decentralized and centralized wastewater infrastructure projects over 20-30 years.
Wastewater Treatment Trends in the 21st Century - George Tchobanoglous, Unive...marcus evans Network
George Tchobanoglous, University of California, Davis - Speaker at the marcus evans Water & Wastewater Management Summit, held in Summerlin, NV, May 3-4, 2012, delivered his presentation on Wastewater Treatment Trends in the 21st Century
Rapidan river watershed assessment presentation john ndiritu 2014johngn4
The document provides an assessment of the Rapidan River watershed in Virginia. It finds that the river, which drains the eastern Blue Ridge Mountains and flows into the Rappahannock River and Chesapeake Bay, is impaired due to agricultural activities, development, and climate change affecting its water quality and flow over years. Water quality sampling found adequate dissolved oxygen but issues with nutrients, bacteria, and pH levels in parts of the watershed. Flooding from storms is a major risk, with several major floods documented since the 1970s.
The study analyzed the effect of fertilization from a golf course on water quality in the upper Cove River watershed. Water samples were collected from 8 locations and tested for various factors from October 2010 to February 2011. Results showed average nitrate levels were higher in the East Side Tributary flowing from the golf course, indicating fertilizer runoff may be increasing nitrate concentrations. However, overall water quality appeared healthy, with nitrate levels below EPA standards. Riparian wetlands along the streams appeared to filter out nitrate. While the golf course may influence some areas, the watershed water quality was deemed healthy.
Cape Cod Regional Wastewater Management Plan Overview. Background information for presentation during the Buzzards Bay Coalition's 2013 Decision Makers Workshop series. Learn more at www.savebuzzardsbay.org/DecisionMakers
The document summarizes a workshop on stormwater management in the Coastal Plain held in Virginia Beach. It discusses the unique challenges of managing stormwater in flat, low-lying coastal areas with shallow water tables. These include highly altered drainage, connections between stormwater practices and estuaries, and seasonal heavy rainfall events. The workshop covered regulatory requirements, low impact development techniques, and tools to help communities meet water quality and quantity goals in Coastal Plain environments.
1) The Yellow River Environmental Flow Management Program established in 1998 aimed to restore continuous river flow, improve water quality, and protect riparian wetlands through legal measures, public consultation, water allocation reforms, and technical measures like artificial floods and sediment flushing.
2) The program succeeded in restoring continuous river flow after 1997 when it dried up for 226 days, and improved water quality through pollution reduction efforts. It also helped recover riparian wetlands that depend on freshwater supply.
3) Managing environmental flows aims to balance social benefits from flood control, water supply, and other river uses with ecological benefits like protecting habitats and wetland vegetation. The River Health Index is used as a tool to help achieve this
This document summarizes water quality data collected from the Sabana Llana stream in Puerto Rico. Key findings include:
- The average temperature was 26.5°C, turbidity was 45.8 NTU, and pH was 8.2, making the water suitable for most organisms.
- Conductivity was 403 μS/cm and dissolved oxygen was 5.9 mg/L, below levels needed to support some species.
- Nitrate levels were low at 1.3 mg/L NO3–-N, and stream flow was low at 0.034 cfs due to stream characteristics.
- Water quality parameters were analyzed to understand pollution sources and their impacts on the local
The document provides information about the Bass River watershed on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. It summarizes that the watershed covers 10,331 acres across 11,800 parcels in Dennis, Yarmouth, and other towns. Developed land in those towns increased 58.7% and 56.3% from 1971 to 1999. The watershed includes features like Long Pond and is impacted by nitrogen pollution from septic systems, fertilizers, and other sources. Studies show some surface waters and subwatersheds exceed nitrogen limits, threatening ecosystem health. Solutions discussed include the Cape Cod Regional Wastewater Management Plan and a mix of decentralized and centralized wastewater infrastructure projects over 20-30 years.
Wastewater Treatment Trends in the 21st Century - George Tchobanoglous, Unive...marcus evans Network
George Tchobanoglous, University of California, Davis - Speaker at the marcus evans Water & Wastewater Management Summit, held in Summerlin, NV, May 3-4, 2012, delivered his presentation on Wastewater Treatment Trends in the 21st Century
Rapidan river watershed assessment presentation john ndiritu 2014johngn4
The document provides an assessment of the Rapidan River watershed in Virginia. It finds that the river, which drains the eastern Blue Ridge Mountains and flows into the Rappahannock River and Chesapeake Bay, is impaired due to agricultural activities, development, and climate change affecting its water quality and flow over years. Water quality sampling found adequate dissolved oxygen but issues with nutrients, bacteria, and pH levels in parts of the watershed. Flooding from storms is a major risk, with several major floods documented since the 1970s.
The study analyzed the effect of fertilization from a golf course on water quality in the upper Cove River watershed. Water samples were collected from 8 locations and tested for various factors from October 2010 to February 2011. Results showed average nitrate levels were higher in the East Side Tributary flowing from the golf course, indicating fertilizer runoff may be increasing nitrate concentrations. However, overall water quality appeared healthy, with nitrate levels below EPA standards. Riparian wetlands along the streams appeared to filter out nitrate. While the golf course may influence some areas, the watershed water quality was deemed healthy.
Cape Cod Regional Wastewater Management Plan Overview. Background information for presentation during the Buzzards Bay Coalition's 2013 Decision Makers Workshop series. Learn more at www.savebuzzardsbay.org/DecisionMakers
The document summarizes a workshop on stormwater management in the Coastal Plain held in Virginia Beach. It discusses the unique challenges of managing stormwater in flat, low-lying coastal areas with shallow water tables. These include highly altered drainage, connections between stormwater practices and estuaries, and seasonal heavy rainfall events. The workshop covered regulatory requirements, low impact development techniques, and tools to help communities meet water quality and quantity goals in Coastal Plain environments.
This document summarizes research on sediment transport and geomorphology in the Nisqually Delta to inform restoration and climate adaptation planning. Key findings include:
1) Field measurements found river sediment loads are high in fines that deposit in marshes, with potential accretion rates of less than 2 mm/yr.
2) Modeling shows sediment redistributes through tidal channels and is exported from marshes, with climate change potentially increasing sediment delivery.
3) Adaptive management options include trapping sediment upstream and creating new distributaries to build marsh resilience to sea level rise.
1) The document discusses environmental flows and management scenarios for sustaining river ecosystems. It describes global declines in river health due to loss of flows and impacts of flow regime changes.
2) Two management scenarios are presented: determining environmental flows for a new reservoir, and prioritizing flows for multiple assets with limited water. Assessment methods ranging from rapid to comprehensive are discussed.
3) The ecological significance of natural flow regimes is explored, with flow identified as a master variable influencing physical/chemical characteristics and species distributions in rivers and floodplains.
This presentation was given by Sue OHalloran of University of Wisconsin, Superior - Extension at the September 17th meeting of the Lake Superior Binational Forum. Amy Elliot of the Lake Superior Research Institute co-authored this presentation on Lake Superior Citizen Environmental Monitoring.
Natural streams have a self-purification capacity to break down and remove pollutants. However, as human settlements grew, the amount and types of pollutants entering water bodies exceeded this capacity. Smaller streams were affected first as dissolved oxygen levels dropped, harming aquatic life. The speed and completeness of natural purification in a stream depends on factors like water volume, flow rate, temperature, and sunlight exposure. Dissolved oxygen is particularly important for breaking down biodegradable organic matter and supporting aquatic life.
This study used stable isotope analysis of nitrate (δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3) to identify potential sources of nutrient inputs to Quartermaster Harbor, a highly impacted inlet in Puget Sound, Washington. Water samples were collected from three creeks, five buoys located at increasing distances into the inlet, and one well. The researchers aimed to determine if surface and deep water samples had different nitrate concentrations and isotopic compositions, and if values changed with distance into the inlet. They also sought to detect anthropogenic nitrogen sources in freshwater inputs and understand if isotopic data provided insights into water quality issues affecting the inlet. Nitrate concentrations generally decreased with distance into the inlet while
Ronald T. Green, Ph.D., P.G., F. Paul Bertetti, P.G.,
and Nathanial Toll Geosciences and Engineering Division Southwest Research Institute® Presented on behalf of the Irrigation Panel - TWCA Annual Convention 2015
The document discusses a water quality report card for Oregon. It outlines several elements that could be included in the report card such as water chemistry, contact recreation, groundwater quality, biology, and fish consumption indicators. It provides examples of data sources and spatial scales. Tables show example data and issues for the Lower Willamette Sub Basin. The report card aims to assess and communicate water quality to various audiences in an easy to understand format.
The new Texas legislation establishes a process to set minimum environmental flow standards for all major river systems in the state to protect rivers and estuaries. Scientific teams will recommend flow needs based on the best available science, while stakeholder groups consider social and economic factors. The state environmental agency will then adopt formal flow standards and reserve unallocated water. This comprehensive law could become a national model and help sustain $2 billion in coastal fisheries by ensuring adequate freshwater flows into bays.
20141031 pud-eng-odu lake gaston-seminar2014-leahy-projecthistory-final (2)shawnjr043
This document summarizes information presented by Thomas M. Leahy about the Lake Gaston water transfer project. It discusses how Virginia Beach needed a new water supply, pursued the Lake Gaston project to transfer 60 million gallons per day from the Roanoke River Basin via a 76 mile pipeline, and the extensive permitting and environmental review process over 15 years to approve the project. It also compares past and current costs of the Lake Gaston project versus alternative water sources like desalination and wastewater reuse.
Landowners and municipal officials in the Wappinger Creek Watershed were surveyed about their perceptions of water quality issues in the area. [1] Municipal officials generally perceived problems as more severe than landowners. [2] The top concerns for officials were sediment deposition, road salt runoff, and garbage in water bodies. [3] Landowners' top concerns were garbage in water bodies, septic tank seepage, and pesticides in water. Understanding these perceptions can help officials create effective policies and communication around water quality issues.
Integrated catchment management: from rhetoric to reality in a Scottish HELP ...daniel edwin
1) The document proposes integrated catchment management measures for the Eddleston Water basin in Scotland to improve ecological status and reduce flood risk through river restoration.
2) It characterizes the basin and identifies it as failing to achieve good ecological status due to channelization and poor habitat. High flood risk in the lower catchment is also noted.
3) Fifteen proposed measure types aim to improve physical habitat, reduce flood risk, and promote sustainable land use through actions like increasing channel sinuosity, planting riparian vegetation, installing woody debris, and slowing runoff.
This document provides an overview of a project assessing natural organic matter (NOM) and ptaquiloside levels in Irish drinking waters. The project aims to map high risk catchments, monitor selected catchments, estimate NOM and ptaquiloside concentrations, assess risks to humans, and develop recommendations. Study sites were selected in areas with bracken, high rainfall, peat soils, and vulnerable groundwater. Water samples are being collected and analyzed for NOM, nutrients, and disinfection byproducts. The document discusses initial sampling results and monitoring programs at selected public water supplies and group water schemes experiencing trihalomethane exceedances.
The document discusses developing and implementing environmental flows in the Willamette River Basin. It describes the 13 dams and reservoirs built by the USACE that altered flows. A process was used to analyze pre- and post-dam hydrology and flows needed to support salmon, riparian vegetation, and other species. Initial recommendations call for fall, winter, and spring high flow events of varying magnitudes on the South Santiam River. Benefits of restored flows include vegetation growth, fish migration, and floodplain habitat. Policy considerations include balancing flows with other dam purposes and population distribution. The TNC and USACE collaborate on sustainable rivers projects worldwide.
Water Wednesday - Murray Darling Basin Plan: Striking the right balance
The Water Research Centre in conjunction with Australian Water Association SA Branch presented Water Wednesday on 29 February 2012.
This special joint Water Wednesday forum featured a presentation from Professor Barry Hart, an independent member of the Murray Darling Basin Authority, on the Draft Basin Plan which is currently out for public review.
The document discusses the Murray-Darling Basin Plan, which aims to balance environmental and consumptive water needs in the basin. It notes that significant development has led to overallocation of water, degrading the environment. The Basin Plan seeks to set sustainable diversion limits and return more water to the environment through investments while minimizing socioeconomic impacts. It describes the process of determining environmental water needs based on key assets and functions. Opportunities and constraints to implementation are also discussed.
This document summarizes two case studies of managing water abstraction to protect sensitive rivers. In the River Kennet case, Action for the River Kennet (ARK) badgered Thames Water for 27 years with little progress due to lack of collaboration. A new £25 million pipeline provided limited benefits. In the Rivers Wye and Usk, the Wye and Usk Foundation (WUF) generated evidence through collaboration in a working group (UWAG) of water companies and regulators, leading to an agreement improving flows while maintaining water supplies. The key lessons are that generating new evidence through collaboration is most effective, while whinging without evidence or collaboration achieves little.
Prevention and Mitigating the Occurence and Impact of Flood in the City of Ib...Ezekiel Adelere Adeniran
This document provides a summary of a lecture on preventing and managing floods in Ibadan, Nigeria. The lecture discusses the causes of floods in Ibadan, including excessive rainfall and human activities. It also examines the hydrology and hydraulics of floods, and summarizes strategies for flood management, including engineering measures, preparedness, response, recovery, and recommendations. Key recommendations include installing remote monitoring systems, preventing encroachment of rivers, and creating a regional flood warning center. The overall message is that mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery techniques must be put in place to reduce the impacts of inevitable future flooding in Ibadan.
Flood mitigation reservoirs are constructed to store flood waters and reduce downstream flooding. The key factors in reservoir location and sizing include topography, geology, local conditions, rim stability, and water holding capability. Larger reservoirs can store more flood water but economic factors also influence sizing. Operational problems include needing streamflow forecasts to plan releases and the potential to exacerbate flooding if excess releases synchronize with tributary floods. Major flood mitigation reservoirs in the Philippines include Angat, Ambuklao, Pantabangan, La Mesa, and San Roque Dams.
The document outlines Catherine Leigh's presentation on river health indicators and assessment. It discusses developing a monitoring program by identifying potential indicators, field testing their sensitivity to disturbance, and including responsive indicators in a scorecard. Commonly used indicators include water quality, biological communities, and ecosystem processes. Biological indicators show structural and functional responses to disturbance and integrate impacts over time and stressors. Invertebrates and fish are described as common biological indicators, with advantages and limitations of each discussed.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Dr. Chris Gippel on making use of existing hydrological and water quality data from Chinese rivers. It includes flow and water quality trends from the Huayuankou station on the Yellow River from 1950 to 2009, showing some improvement in recent years following operations of the Xiaolangdi and other dams. Charts and graphs are displayed from the presentation comparing flow rates and the proportion of time meeting different water quality standards over time.
This document summarizes research on sediment transport and geomorphology in the Nisqually Delta to inform restoration and climate adaptation planning. Key findings include:
1) Field measurements found river sediment loads are high in fines that deposit in marshes, with potential accretion rates of less than 2 mm/yr.
2) Modeling shows sediment redistributes through tidal channels and is exported from marshes, with climate change potentially increasing sediment delivery.
3) Adaptive management options include trapping sediment upstream and creating new distributaries to build marsh resilience to sea level rise.
1) The document discusses environmental flows and management scenarios for sustaining river ecosystems. It describes global declines in river health due to loss of flows and impacts of flow regime changes.
2) Two management scenarios are presented: determining environmental flows for a new reservoir, and prioritizing flows for multiple assets with limited water. Assessment methods ranging from rapid to comprehensive are discussed.
3) The ecological significance of natural flow regimes is explored, with flow identified as a master variable influencing physical/chemical characteristics and species distributions in rivers and floodplains.
This presentation was given by Sue OHalloran of University of Wisconsin, Superior - Extension at the September 17th meeting of the Lake Superior Binational Forum. Amy Elliot of the Lake Superior Research Institute co-authored this presentation on Lake Superior Citizen Environmental Monitoring.
Natural streams have a self-purification capacity to break down and remove pollutants. However, as human settlements grew, the amount and types of pollutants entering water bodies exceeded this capacity. Smaller streams were affected first as dissolved oxygen levels dropped, harming aquatic life. The speed and completeness of natural purification in a stream depends on factors like water volume, flow rate, temperature, and sunlight exposure. Dissolved oxygen is particularly important for breaking down biodegradable organic matter and supporting aquatic life.
This study used stable isotope analysis of nitrate (δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3) to identify potential sources of nutrient inputs to Quartermaster Harbor, a highly impacted inlet in Puget Sound, Washington. Water samples were collected from three creeks, five buoys located at increasing distances into the inlet, and one well. The researchers aimed to determine if surface and deep water samples had different nitrate concentrations and isotopic compositions, and if values changed with distance into the inlet. They also sought to detect anthropogenic nitrogen sources in freshwater inputs and understand if isotopic data provided insights into water quality issues affecting the inlet. Nitrate concentrations generally decreased with distance into the inlet while
Ronald T. Green, Ph.D., P.G., F. Paul Bertetti, P.G.,
and Nathanial Toll Geosciences and Engineering Division Southwest Research Institute® Presented on behalf of the Irrigation Panel - TWCA Annual Convention 2015
The document discusses a water quality report card for Oregon. It outlines several elements that could be included in the report card such as water chemistry, contact recreation, groundwater quality, biology, and fish consumption indicators. It provides examples of data sources and spatial scales. Tables show example data and issues for the Lower Willamette Sub Basin. The report card aims to assess and communicate water quality to various audiences in an easy to understand format.
The new Texas legislation establishes a process to set minimum environmental flow standards for all major river systems in the state to protect rivers and estuaries. Scientific teams will recommend flow needs based on the best available science, while stakeholder groups consider social and economic factors. The state environmental agency will then adopt formal flow standards and reserve unallocated water. This comprehensive law could become a national model and help sustain $2 billion in coastal fisheries by ensuring adequate freshwater flows into bays.
20141031 pud-eng-odu lake gaston-seminar2014-leahy-projecthistory-final (2)shawnjr043
This document summarizes information presented by Thomas M. Leahy about the Lake Gaston water transfer project. It discusses how Virginia Beach needed a new water supply, pursued the Lake Gaston project to transfer 60 million gallons per day from the Roanoke River Basin via a 76 mile pipeline, and the extensive permitting and environmental review process over 15 years to approve the project. It also compares past and current costs of the Lake Gaston project versus alternative water sources like desalination and wastewater reuse.
Landowners and municipal officials in the Wappinger Creek Watershed were surveyed about their perceptions of water quality issues in the area. [1] Municipal officials generally perceived problems as more severe than landowners. [2] The top concerns for officials were sediment deposition, road salt runoff, and garbage in water bodies. [3] Landowners' top concerns were garbage in water bodies, septic tank seepage, and pesticides in water. Understanding these perceptions can help officials create effective policies and communication around water quality issues.
Integrated catchment management: from rhetoric to reality in a Scottish HELP ...daniel edwin
1) The document proposes integrated catchment management measures for the Eddleston Water basin in Scotland to improve ecological status and reduce flood risk through river restoration.
2) It characterizes the basin and identifies it as failing to achieve good ecological status due to channelization and poor habitat. High flood risk in the lower catchment is also noted.
3) Fifteen proposed measure types aim to improve physical habitat, reduce flood risk, and promote sustainable land use through actions like increasing channel sinuosity, planting riparian vegetation, installing woody debris, and slowing runoff.
This document provides an overview of a project assessing natural organic matter (NOM) and ptaquiloside levels in Irish drinking waters. The project aims to map high risk catchments, monitor selected catchments, estimate NOM and ptaquiloside concentrations, assess risks to humans, and develop recommendations. Study sites were selected in areas with bracken, high rainfall, peat soils, and vulnerable groundwater. Water samples are being collected and analyzed for NOM, nutrients, and disinfection byproducts. The document discusses initial sampling results and monitoring programs at selected public water supplies and group water schemes experiencing trihalomethane exceedances.
The document discusses developing and implementing environmental flows in the Willamette River Basin. It describes the 13 dams and reservoirs built by the USACE that altered flows. A process was used to analyze pre- and post-dam hydrology and flows needed to support salmon, riparian vegetation, and other species. Initial recommendations call for fall, winter, and spring high flow events of varying magnitudes on the South Santiam River. Benefits of restored flows include vegetation growth, fish migration, and floodplain habitat. Policy considerations include balancing flows with other dam purposes and population distribution. The TNC and USACE collaborate on sustainable rivers projects worldwide.
Water Wednesday - Murray Darling Basin Plan: Striking the right balance
The Water Research Centre in conjunction with Australian Water Association SA Branch presented Water Wednesday on 29 February 2012.
This special joint Water Wednesday forum featured a presentation from Professor Barry Hart, an independent member of the Murray Darling Basin Authority, on the Draft Basin Plan which is currently out for public review.
The document discusses the Murray-Darling Basin Plan, which aims to balance environmental and consumptive water needs in the basin. It notes that significant development has led to overallocation of water, degrading the environment. The Basin Plan seeks to set sustainable diversion limits and return more water to the environment through investments while minimizing socioeconomic impacts. It describes the process of determining environmental water needs based on key assets and functions. Opportunities and constraints to implementation are also discussed.
This document summarizes two case studies of managing water abstraction to protect sensitive rivers. In the River Kennet case, Action for the River Kennet (ARK) badgered Thames Water for 27 years with little progress due to lack of collaboration. A new £25 million pipeline provided limited benefits. In the Rivers Wye and Usk, the Wye and Usk Foundation (WUF) generated evidence through collaboration in a working group (UWAG) of water companies and regulators, leading to an agreement improving flows while maintaining water supplies. The key lessons are that generating new evidence through collaboration is most effective, while whinging without evidence or collaboration achieves little.
Prevention and Mitigating the Occurence and Impact of Flood in the City of Ib...Ezekiel Adelere Adeniran
This document provides a summary of a lecture on preventing and managing floods in Ibadan, Nigeria. The lecture discusses the causes of floods in Ibadan, including excessive rainfall and human activities. It also examines the hydrology and hydraulics of floods, and summarizes strategies for flood management, including engineering measures, preparedness, response, recovery, and recommendations. Key recommendations include installing remote monitoring systems, preventing encroachment of rivers, and creating a regional flood warning center. The overall message is that mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery techniques must be put in place to reduce the impacts of inevitable future flooding in Ibadan.
Flood mitigation reservoirs are constructed to store flood waters and reduce downstream flooding. The key factors in reservoir location and sizing include topography, geology, local conditions, rim stability, and water holding capability. Larger reservoirs can store more flood water but economic factors also influence sizing. Operational problems include needing streamflow forecasts to plan releases and the potential to exacerbate flooding if excess releases synchronize with tributary floods. Major flood mitigation reservoirs in the Philippines include Angat, Ambuklao, Pantabangan, La Mesa, and San Roque Dams.
The document outlines Catherine Leigh's presentation on river health indicators and assessment. It discusses developing a monitoring program by identifying potential indicators, field testing their sensitivity to disturbance, and including responsive indicators in a scorecard. Commonly used indicators include water quality, biological communities, and ecosystem processes. Biological indicators show structural and functional responses to disturbance and integrate impacts over time and stressors. Invertebrates and fish are described as common biological indicators, with advantages and limitations of each discussed.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Dr. Chris Gippel on making use of existing hydrological and water quality data from Chinese rivers. It includes flow and water quality trends from the Huayuankou station on the Yellow River from 1950 to 2009, showing some improvement in recent years following operations of the Xiaolangdi and other dams. Charts and graphs are displayed from the presentation comparing flow rates and the proportion of time meeting different water quality standards over time.
1. Water reform in Australia is led by the National Water Commission and National Water Initiative, which aim to establish a nationally compatible system for managing water resources.
2. Water management is primarily a state responsibility, but the federal government is involved in coordination, funding, and planning for transboundary systems like the Murray-Darling Basin.
3. Key elements of reform include clearer water entitlements, statutory water planning, increased water trading, consumption-based pricing, and ensuring environmental water needs are met.
The document summarizes research on environmental flows for the lower Yellow River in China. It discusses issues like declining flows, sand transport, and degraded wetlands. It outlines a general environmental flows assessment method and applies it to the study area. Key components include identifying river assets, developing conceptual models of flows and assets, and determining 13 management objectives related to fish, water quality, birds, invertebrates, and geomorphology. The objectives aim to maintain habitats and water quality under different flow conditions.
This document outlines the guiding principles for river health assessment. It discusses identifying objectives, why monitoring is important, tools to quantify river health like macroinvertebrates and fish, conceptual models, river classification, testing indicators, and selecting benchmarks. The key steps are to identify objectives, suitable indicators, conceptual models, river types, refine sampling, select benchmarks, report, and implement management actions. Healthy rivers provide ecosystem services like drinking water and biodiversity. Monitoring helps protect important environmental values from threats like pollution and habitat loss.
The document introduces the Framework for the Assessment of River and Wetland Health (FARWH), which provides guidelines for assessing and reporting on the health of rivers and wetlands nationally. It is an overarching framework that allows for comparison of assessments within and across jurisdictions, without replacing existing monitoring programs. FARWH assesses six elements of river and wetland health and uses existing data, providing standardized methodologies for national comparability. Trials of FARWH help validate the model, develop indicators, estimate costs, and provide opportunities for scientific and policy input across states.
The document discusses China's National River Health Monitoring and Restoration Program. It outlines challenges facing China's rivers, including water pollution, soil erosion, and floods. It then describes the national program to regularly assess river health, establish standards and methods, conduct monitoring, and produce biennial reports. The program aims to improve river water quality, hydrology, habitats, ecology, and functions. It will assess pilot rivers from 2010-2013 and establish a framework for defining and measuring healthy rivers.
The document summarizes the role and work of Environment and Resource Sciences (ERS) which provides scientific support to the Department of Environment and Resource Management (DERM) and Queensland Government. ERS conducts applied science using innovative techniques across areas such as water quality, ecosystems, coal seam gas impacts, vegetation management, air quality, and more. Key current projects include monitoring floods/cyclones, land management impacts on the Great Barrier Reef, remote sensing of vegetation, interactions of land condition and water quality, and monitoring of iconic species. Future work focuses on developing evidence for policy using integrated and innovative approaches across landscapes.
Queensland's water planning process has two parts: (1) a Water Resource Plan which involves technical assessments, community consultation, and public review; and (2) a Resource Operations Plan which implements the WRP through monitoring, assessment and 10-year reviews. The WRP considers factors like hydrology, water use, climate change and environmental values.
This document provides an overview of CSIRO (Australia's national science agency) and its Water for a Healthy Country Flagship program. CSIRO has over 6,500 staff across 55 locations conducting research in top fields. Its strategy includes delivering on national challenges through large, long-term research programs like the Water for a Healthy Country Flagship. This flagship aims to provide water management solutions to create $3 billion in economic benefits while protecting water ecosystems. It conducts integrated research on issues like climate impacts, water availability, flows, and environmental flows to help manage water resources under climate change.
This document provides an overview of the Bulimba Creek Catchment Coordinating Committee (B4C) and their efforts to preserve the Bulimba Creek catchment in Brisbane, Australia. B4C is a non-profit environmental group formed in 1997 that works with local communities and organizations on issues like habitat protection, erosion, weeds, and water quality. They lead revegetation efforts, weed control programs, environmental education initiatives in schools, and work with various partners and sponsors. B4C aims to involve the local community and raise awareness of threats to the local environment like urban development, land clearing, and inappropriate land uses.
The Water Group has four key objectives for stakeholder engagement: 1) enhance their understanding of stakeholder views on water issues; 2) increase stakeholder understanding of current water policies and programs and get their input in development of new policies; 3) respond to stakeholder concerns about water reform through policies and programs; and 4) improve stakeholder support for government water initiatives through greater understanding. They plan to achieve these objectives through community information sessions, stakeholder reference panels, regional contacts, consultations, and briefings.
This document discusses the level at which water take would compromise key environmental assets, ecosystem functions, productive base, and environmental outcomes for a water resource. It suggests monitoring water levels to ensure take does not exceed this level. Maintaining water levels protects the environment while allowing controlled water use.
The International WaterCentre (IWC) is dedicated to providing advanced education, training, applied research and consulting on integrated water management. It is a joint venture between four leading Australian universities. The IWC aims to develop capacity and promote whole-of-water-cycle approaches to water management worldwide. It provides expertise across many areas of water through its education programs, training, research, and expert advisory services. The IWC helps organizations and communities tackle complex water issues through its multi-disciplinary approach.
Australia is developing a national river health monitoring framework to standardize assessments across states. Trials of the Framework for Assessment of River and Wetland Health (FARWH) took place from 2005-2011. FARWH uses six indices - hydrology, physical form, catchment disturbance, fringing zone, aquatic biota, and water quality - to assess condition on a scale of 0 to 1. The trials found this approach was achievable but more work is needed to define reference conditions. A two-tiered assessment approach was proposed using broadscale desktop assessments followed by targeted field assessments. Five options were presented for national reporting ranging from the current jurisdictional approach to national reporting every 5 years with both broadscale and detailed field assessments
The document provides an overview of a project to assess river health and environmental flows in China. It describes pilot studies conducted on the Gui River and Yellow River, including collecting biological samples to evaluate river health. The goal is to trial international approaches to assessment and consider applying the methods nationally to influence policies.
This document summarizes key issues and lessons from water resources planning and governance in highly contested river basins:
1. In heavily used river basins, it is no longer possible to allocate water to meet all demands. Water resources planning must shift to view water as integrated into the economy, not separate from it.
2. Social and cultural values must be understood and incorporated into the planning process, as people's values matter greatly in contested basins.
3. Environmental protection arguments require strong evidence when water development offers clear social and economic benefits, especially in developing countries. Good science and monitoring are needed.
4. Challenges of water, food, and energy security are intricately linked and must
This document provides information about river systems and processes. It discusses the key parts of a river including the upper, middle and lower courses. It describes the landforms associated with each course such as waterfalls in the upper course and meanders and floodplains in the lower course. The document also explains the main river processes of erosion, transportation and deposition and the factors that influence a river's speed and volume.
1. Water resources are essential for development but face increasing challenges from climate change, demand, and sedimentation. Reservoirs constructed on rivers are prone to sedimentation over time, reducing their storage capacity.
2. Sedimentation in reservoirs occurs as sediment particles from the watershed settle in the reservoir due to decreased flow speeds. This reduces the reservoir's storage potential and can impact downstream soil fertility and biodiversity. Assessing sedimentation is important for reservoir management.
3. Remote sensing techniques provide an alternative method for assessing reservoir sedimentation that is more expedient and efficient than traditional surveys. Satellite imagery can be used to measure changes in reservoir water spreads at different elevations over time, indicating loss of storage capacity
This document describes freshwater biomes and their characteristics. It discusses the two main types of freshwater ecosystems: lentic, which includes still bodies of water like ponds and lakes, and lotic, which includes running water bodies like streams and rivers. It outlines the different biological groups found in aquatic ecosystems, including plankton, nekton, periphyton, neuston, and benthos. It also explains the zones and characteristics of lentic and lotic systems.
The document discusses the Global International Waters Assessment (GIWA) project. The goals of the project are to implement environmental and socio-economic impact assessments in 66 subregions, and identify linkages between issues affecting transboundary aquatic environments and their causes. The project uses a methodology that includes scoping and scaling priority issues, detailed impact assessments, causal chain analysis, and developing strategic action programs. Key concerns assessed are freshwater shortage, pollution, habitat modification, unsustainable exploitation of resources, and global change.
ADB, Climate Change and Water Security in South Asia, by Arnaud CauchoisGlobal Water Partnership
This document discusses climate change impacts on water security in South Asia and ADB's efforts to support adaptation. It notes that South Asia is highly vulnerable to climate impacts on water and agriculture. ADB is working with countries through projects, policy dialogue, and knowledge sharing to help understand climate risks and develop adaptation strategies, with a focus on water resources management, food security, and climate-resilient development. Examples of ongoing projects aim to strengthen capacity and plan adaptation measures for water sectors in India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and other countries.
Reservoirs and Groundwater: Interactions Observed in the Northern Segment of ...TWCA
1) Multiple methods including flow measurements, water chemistry analysis, isotopic signatures, and environmental DNA tracing indicate that springs, creeks, and wells near Stillhouse Hollow Reservoir are influenced by the reservoir, especially during high water levels.
2) The degree of influence varies between sample sites and decreases with distance from the reservoir, but local geology like karst features also control influence.
3) Springs and creeks up to 2.5 miles from the reservoir show signs of reservoir water influence during high water levels, though some sites may remain unaffected even at high levels.
Judy Goode presents a seminar from the second Water Wednesday entitled "Options for the environmental future of the River Murray. Judy Goode is the SA River Murray Environmental Manager for the SA MDB NRM board.
The Yellow River Delta in China is a major agricultural and industrial area that faces challenges from coastal erosion, declining freshwater flows, and pollution. It has experienced decreasing sediment loads and shifting river channels. Sustainable management of wetlands and balancing water demands between sectors is crucial for the delta's future.
This document discusses a GIS-based assessment of wetland functions in the Sandusky watershed in Ohio. It outlines modeling historic wetlands, enhancing the National Wetlands Inventory with hydrogeomorphic descriptors, assigning wetland functions, and comparing current and historic conditions. Key steps included mapping potentially restorable historic wetlands, assigning landscape, landform, waterbody and water flow path descriptors to current wetlands, and evaluating wetlands' significance for functions like flood storage and nutrient transformation. The analysis found a 78% reduction in wetland acreage from historic to current conditions.
This document discusses several topics related to freshwater biology and limnology. It defines oxygen deficit as the difference between the saturation dissolved oxygen level and actual dissolved oxygen level in a stream. It also lists factors that affect the rate of reoxygenation in streams, including depth, velocity, oxygen deficit, and temperature. Additionally, it provides definitions and descriptions of eutrophication, flora, fauna, and different types of lakes and lake communities.
Freshwater ecosystems include lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, springs, and wetlands. There are two main types - lentic ecosystems, which are standing bodies of water, and lotic ecosystems, which are running water. Lentic ecosystems can be further divided into zones based on depth and vegetation. Lotic ecosystems have rapid zones with strong currents and pool zones with slower currents. Wetlands are areas that are periodically saturated or flooded with shallow water and support unique plant and animal communities. Forested wetlands include swamps and floodplain forests while tidal freshwater marshes occur along estuaries. Freshwater ecosystems provide important resources but occupy a small area globally.
Field report on pollution of a water body-Safilguda lakesushruth kamarushi
The document discusses the pollution issues affecting Safilguda Lake in Hyderabad, India. It outlines how sewage and garbage dumping has turned the once scenic lake into a breeding ground for mosquitoes. Local residents complain about the stench and health problems caused by the pollution. The authorities are blamed for neglecting to properly maintain the lake and control the pollution issues.
1. The document analyzes water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, chlorophyll a, and redox potential in five lakes located at the University of Notre Dame Research Center.
2. A variety of sampling equipment was used to collect samples from the lakes which were then tested in the lab.
3. The results found that redox potential and conductivity varied with depth in the lakes, influenced by factors like dissolved oxygen levels and dissolved ion concentrations. Respiration and methanogenesis were identified as important metabolic pathways supported by the redox potentials.
Vietnam has abundant water resources from surface water like rivers and reservoirs as well as groundwater. However, water availability and quality varies significantly by region. The Mekong River Delta and Red River Delta have the most plentiful water resources but also face issues like floods and overexploitation of groundwater for agriculture. Many regions experience seasonal drought and flash floods, and water scarcity is a problem in some northern mountainous areas. Sustainable management of water resources is needed to address regional imbalances and ensure sufficient quality water for all sectors.
prashant new civil project for last yearAnantJadhav23
The document is a presentation on the geochemical investigation of groundwater in the Krishna River basin. It discusses the importance of groundwater, sources of contamination, and the geochemistry of groundwater. Water samples were collected from 31 wells in the study area and analyzed for parameters like pH, alkalinity, hardness, chlorides, and heavy metals. The results were found to exceed permissible limits for some parameters. The graphical representation showed variation in chemical composition of groundwater across the study area.
This document discusses the importance of stream restoration practices in implementing the Farm Bill. It notes that streambank erosion now contributes up to 70% of sediment loads in many watersheds across the US, compared to lower levels decades ago. Over 200,000 miles of stream corridors have accelerated streambank erosion. Case studies show how channel incision can increase sediment delivery and negatively impact water quality. Restoring incised streams by rebuilding floodplains and reconnecting channels to their floodplains can help reduce erosion. The document emphasizes the need to prioritize restoration at the greatest sources of erosion and maintain conservation practices.
The document discusses water issues facing towns in the Himalayan region. Rapid urbanization due to employment opportunities and regional imbalances has led to unplanned growth of towns. This, combined with climate change impacts, is straining water resources. A survey of 8 towns in the region found that over half of the poor population must buy water to meet daily needs. Issues facing water management in these towns include a lack of planning around demand and supply considering climate change, degradation of natural water sources, and the disappearance of traditional water systems.
An Evaluation of Heavy Metals Concentration in the Choba Section of the New ...Scientific Review SR
Assessment of heavy metals concentration in water and sediments of the Choba section of the New
Calabar River, Eastern Niger Delta were carried out. Seven (7) river sediments and twelve (12) surface water
samples were collected for the study. The heavy metals studied were: Mn, Pb, Zn, Fe, Cd, Cr, and Cu for in both
river sediment and surface water. The World Health Organization (WHO) standards were used in evaluating
Pollution Index (PI) of heavy metals in surface water. The Pollution Load Index (PLI) level of river sediments
ranged from 5.12 – 33.26, with only PLI values <1 considered unpolluted. The other samples analyzed revealed
high pollution levels, with Cu, Cr and Mn having moderate to considerable Contamination Factor levels, while
the others were of low levels. For surface water, Pb and Zn had high Pollution Index values, with Pb having PI
values ranging 10 – 211, with considerable contribution of pollutants from anthropogenic activities into the river.
There is urgent need for regular monitoring of the Choba section of the River. The regulatory government agency
responsible for protecting the environment should also pay adequate attention to this stretch of the river to avoid
further contamination.
Similar to E-flows Yellow River (downstream) pilot (20)
The International WaterCentre (IWC) Master of Integrated Water Management program is designed to equip future water leaders with the knowledge and skills they need to create innovative, ‘whole-of-water-cycle’ solutions to local and global water challenges. The degree is co-badged and co-taught by IWC's four founding member universities: The University of Queensland, Griffith University, Monash University and The University of Western Australia.
The document discusses the importance of monitoring river health by selecting meaningful indicators. Key points include:
- River health depends on human values and can be assessed similarly to human health.
- Rivers face threats from pollution, loss of floodplains, and dams that block flows.
- Monitoring is important to protect environmental assets like biodiversity and drinking water.
- Effective monitoring requires clear objectives, indicators linked to threats, conceptual models, river classification, and reporting to guide management actions.
This document discusses adaptive management frameworks for river health improvement and ecosystem monitoring programs. It focuses on the need for programs to be adaptive, engage stakeholders, and assess all components of complex ecological systems.
The document discusses the development of an Ecosystem Health Monitoring Program (EHMP) for streams and rivers in southeast Queensland, Australia. It outlines the process used to design a cost-effective monitoring program, including developing conceptual models, classifying waterways, pilot testing indicators, and a major field trial to evaluate the response of indicators to disturbance gradients. Key indicators were selected for the EHMP based on their ability to detect various types of disturbance and their association with catchment characteristics.
The Healthy Waterways Partnership works collaboratively across government, industry, research and community groups to manage water quality and catchments in South East Queensland through programs that protect waterways, manage sources of pollution, and restore habitats. Modelling and monitoring are used to identify priority areas for managing sediment, nutrients and other pollutants from urban, rural and natural sources to achieve water quality objectives for estuaries and coastal waters. Progress is tracked through report cards using ecosystem health and biological indicators to guide ongoing management strategies and investments.
This document discusses the development of a wireless sensor network system for environmental monitoring and management support. The key points are:
1) The system would be smart, distributed, low-cost, robust, adaptable, scalable, and eco-friendly to provide continuous data collection across ecological scales from satellite to ground sensors.
2) It represents a new platform that takes a multidisciplinary approach through phased R&D to evolve viable sensor network products that are broadly applicable beyond just the environments being monitored.
3) Initial transmission trials of the sensor network in sea environments showed promise while also demonstrating limitations of very low frequency communication that require further development of the system.
The document outlines a river health indicator monitoring program that measures indicators of river health at various sites. It lists the names and locations of sites that are monitored, including Luggage Pt STP, and shows the years that monitoring occurred at each site.
Jennifer Martin gave a presentation on November 23, 2009 about aquatic ecosystems policy to the Aquatic Ecosystems Policy Section. The presentation covered policies relating to aquatic ecosystems and was given on behalf of Di Conrick from the Australian government's environment department website. The presentation addressed aquatic ecosystem policies.
This document discusses Australia's National Water Quality Management Strategy and its goals of protecting water resources while allowing for economic and social development. It outlines the strategy's key elements which include defining environmental values and water quality objectives, establishing water quality guidelines, developing monitoring programs, and taking management responses to achieve the objectives. The strategy takes a catchment-based approach and uses tools like predictive models and monitoring to assess progress towards the objectives.
This document summarizes a visit to the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts in Canberra on November 23, 2009. It lists the host, Christine Schweizer, and presentation details from Seung-Hoon Baek on community water input, Bruce Gray on water quality, and Ben Docker on the Commonwealth Environmental Water Holder initiative. Contact information is provided for further information or questions.
This document discusses priorities for ensuring adequate water resources for the future, including enhancing hydrological modeling, establishing water metering standards, setting water research priorities, and developing a water compliance and enforcement framework. It focuses on actions needed across modeling, infrastructure, research, and regulation to manage water sustainably over the long run.
The document summarizes environmental values (EVs), water quality objectives (WQOs), and aquatic ecosystem health reporting. It defines EVs as the qualities of water that support aquatic ecosystems and human uses. WQOs are measures of water quality indicators that protect EVs. The document provides diagrams showing reference site locations and environmental flow objectives, with the goal of minimizing deviation to prevent environmental degradation. It also includes a table explaining the ratings used to present averaged assessments in reports.
The document summarizes water usage in Australia. It states that total average annual water consumption is about 4,500 GL/a, with 67% of that used for agriculture. The largest agricultural use is for irrigation. The document also lists several acts related to water management in Queensland and outlines some key water conservation and research programs.
This document discusses adaptive management frameworks for complex socio-ecological systems. It focuses on three key areas: assessing system health, engaging stakeholders, and monitoring programs.
Paul McAntee of Brisbane City Council discusses transitioning Brisbane toward becoming a more water smart city. The document outlines Brisbane's journey from a water supply city to its current state and goals of a sustainable, healthy river and bay. It discusses key performance indicators and programs to improve water management, including creek rehabilitation, stormwater drainage projects, and a local waterway health assessment program.
The document discusses two methodologies for determining environmental flows: DRIFT and ELOHA. DRIFT is a rapid, scenario-based approach using an expert panel that focuses on alterations to flow volume. ELOHA is a more comprehensive, regional-scale approach that considers all ecologically relevant components of flow regimes. It classifies rivers and develops flow alteration-ecological response relationships specific to each river class. The document provides an example of using ELOHA to determine environmental flows for a new reservoir on a river like the Li Jiang by learning from rivers already altered.
The document discusses environmental flow methodologies for river ecosystem management. It provides a brief history of the development of various environmental flow methodologies from 1992 to the present. It then describes the DRIFT (Downstream Response to Imposed Flow Transformations) methodology in more detail. DRIFT is presented as a scenario-based approach that evaluates the biophysical, social, and economic consequences of changes to river flow regimes. The final sections provide examples of applying DRIFT to assess flow requirements for new dams as part of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project.
The document discusses the Healthy Waterways Report Card, which is used in South East Queensland, Australia as an effective tool for public-private partnerships. The report card synthesizes annual monitoring results into ratings for waterways from A to F. It is presented publicly and increases community awareness of waterway health. The report card also tracks the success of management actions in achieving environmental values.
This document discusses river health assessment using hydrological indicators. It introduces applying such methods to the Taizi River basin in China. The objectives are to assess hydrological health in the river, develop a new hydrological stress index sensitive to local conditions, and test the new method. Key points covered include how hydrology responds to and drives ecology, choices in hydrological indicators, and analyzing hydrological data from stations on the Taizi River and its tributaries.
This document summarizes the key steps and findings of a river health assessment conducted in South East Queensland, Australia. The assessment aimed to develop a common vision for the long-term management of the region's waterways. Key steps included identifying objectives, indicators of ecosystem health, conceptual models linking drivers to impacts, river classification, testing indicators, and selecting benchmarks. The final program implemented 5 indicators and 16 indices to monitor 120 freshwater sites twice yearly and support management actions to address threats to ecosystem health.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor IvaniukFwdays
At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
"Choosing proper type of scaling", Olena SyrotaFwdays
Imagine an IoT processing system that is already quite mature and production-ready and for which client coverage is growing and scaling and performance aspects are life and death questions. The system has Redis, MongoDB, and stream processing based on ksqldb. In this talk, firstly, we will analyze scaling approaches and then select the proper ones for our system.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/how-axelera-ai-uses-digital-compute-in-memory-to-deliver-fast-and-energy-efficient-computer-vision-a-presentation-from-axelera-ai/
Bram Verhoef, Head of Machine Learning at Axelera AI, presents the “How Axelera AI Uses Digital Compute-in-memory to Deliver Fast and Energy-efficient Computer Vision” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
As artificial intelligence inference transitions from cloud environments to edge locations, computer vision applications achieve heightened responsiveness, reliability and privacy. This migration, however, introduces the challenge of operating within the stringent confines of resource constraints typical at the edge, including small form factors, low energy budgets and diminished memory and computational capacities. Axelera AI addresses these challenges through an innovative approach of performing digital computations within memory itself. This technique facilitates the realization of high-performance, energy-efficient and cost-effective computer vision capabilities at the thin and thick edge, extending the frontier of what is achievable with current technologies.
In this presentation, Verhoef unveils his company’s pioneering chip technology and demonstrates its capacity to deliver exceptional frames-per-second performance across a range of standard computer vision networks typical of applications in security, surveillance and the industrial sector. This shows that advanced computer vision can be accessible and efficient, even at the very edge of our technological ecosystem.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
Freshworks Rethinks NoSQL for Rapid Scaling & Cost-EfficiencyScyllaDB
Freshworks creates AI-boosted business software that helps employees work more efficiently and effectively. Managing data across multiple RDBMS and NoSQL databases was already a challenge at their current scale. To prepare for 10X growth, they knew it was time to rethink their database strategy. Learn how they architected a solution that would simplify scaling while keeping costs under control.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
3. Background
Study Area
Survey
N Site three Lijin
Lijin
Zibo
Luokou Jinan
Liaocheng
,
Tai an
Aishan
Sunkou
Dongping
Dongping Lake
Dam
Xiaolangdi Gaocun
Sanmenxia River
Qinyang Kaifeng
Huayuankou
Hydrological station
Luoyang
Sanmenxia Zhengzhou City
Lake
4. Lower Yellow River Flow Issues
• “Mother River”
– High water demand
– High degree of regulation
• Climate change and human activities
– Flows reducing over past 50 years, cease to flow sometimes
from 1970s to 1990s
• Sediemnt
– A very high sediment load to the lower river,flood
• Yellow River Delta – a dynamic estuarine Ramsar wetland
– Depends on sediment supply for growth
• Riverine wetlands
– Mostly disconnected due to flood dyke construction
• Aquatic ecosystem
– lost diversity
5. In China there is a strong awareness of the need and importance of
environmental flows. Environmental flow assessments have been undertaken in
a number of rivers,
6. General environmental flow assessment
methodology
Environmental flow methods used in China:
• Hydrological--Tennant
• Hydraulic rating-Wetted perimeter method,
R2CROSS(Focus on one or a few key species)
• Habitat simulation-IFIM (focus on one or a few key species)
• Holistic
• --Consider the entire ecosystem
• --Not constrained by the analytical tools
• --Consider other water user
• --expensive
12. River asset
• A river asset is any attribute of the natural ecosystem of
value to society. The value could be ecological, social
and/or economic.
• River assets include species, biological communities,
habitats and ecosystems of conservation importance
(collectively referred to as “conservation assets”).
13. Assets in the low Yellow River
• Fish species, e.g. Yellow River Carp
• Wetland vegetation
• Birds
• Spawning process
• Sediment transport
• Water quality
• Geomorphology
14. Develop conceptual models linking asset health and flow components
Geomorphology, plants, fish, macroinvertebrates, water quality, birds…
15. Flow regime
Low flows Flow pulses High flows Floods
Sediments from
Maintain depth upstream and
of water in Food resources
catchments
refuge pools increase. and DO
decreases
Maintain Stimulate Maintain larval Maintain backwater refuges
adult fish spawning and and food resources for fish.
population juvenile habitat in Fish mortality increases.
river channel
Figure. The links between individual flow components and flow requirements for carp
16. Table. Flow components and hydraulic criteria relevant to Yellow River Carp requirements.
D = depth, V = velocity
Objective Flow Hydraulic criteria Timing
component
Maintain sufficient water Low flow Max D > 1.5 m Nov-Mar,
depth in pools for large V: 0.1-0.8 ms-1 April-June
bodied fish
Stimulate spawning Flow pulse D: 1-2 m at peak of flow April - June
pulse.
Inundated beach area, and
increase back water
V<0.3 ms-1
Provide new habitat and High flow Average D > 0.7 m; July-October
feeding opportunities for V: 0.3 ms-1-1ms-1
fish
Provide new habitat and Flood Average D > 0.8 m; July-October
feeding opportunities for V: 0.5 ms-1-1.2ms-1
fish, but increased
sediment and low DO may
increase mortality
17. No. Flow component Hydraulic/hydrologic criteria
F1 Cease-to-flow; Low flow Q ≥ YRCC warning standards of low flow emergency; maintain area‡
≥ critical depth* at pool crossings (specified each month)
Fish F2 Low flow Maintain area‡ ≥ critical depth* with V ≤ 2.0 m/s1,2
F3 High flow, high flow recession Maintain longitudinal connectivity and area‡ ≥ critical depth* over
barriers (shallow areas)
F4 Low flow Maintain area‡ with depth ≥ critical depth* in pools
F5 High flow pulse Achieve area‡ with depth ≥ critical depth* over barriers (shallow
areas)
F6 High flow Maintain area‡ with D = 0.5 – 1.0 m1,2 and V ≤ 1.4 m/s1,2
F7 High flow Maintain area‡ with velocity 1.0 – 2.0 m/s1
F8 High flow pulse Maintenance of appropriate† salinity gradient in estuary
F9 Low flow and high flow Maintain area‡ of D ≥ 1.5 m1,2 and V ≤ 1.0 m/s1,2
F10 Low and high flow pulses Achieve sufficient depth* to replenish/maintain water in river
associated wetlands and backwaters
F11 Low flow and high flows Maintain adequate cross-sectional area/discharge* to transport
nutrients required to sustain primary productivity
F12 Bankfull 2,600 - 4,000 m3/s - see Geomorphologic objective G1
F13 Bankfull 2,600 - 4,000 m3/s - see Geomorphologic objective G2
F14 High flow See Vegetation objective V1
F15 High flow and low flow See Vegetation objective V7
F16 Low flow Maintain mean pool velocity ≥ 0.01 m/s
F17 High flow and low flow Sufficient discharge* to maintain morphology in and around the
estuary mouth
F18 Bankfull 2,600 - 4,000 m3/s - see Geomorphologic objectives G3 and G4
18. Plants
No. Objective Flow component Hydraulic/hydrologic criteria
V1 Maintain submerged aquatic High flow Inundation to ≤ 1 m
vegetation (e.g. Vallisneria,
Potomageton and Myriophyllum
spp.)
V2 Maintain meadow vegetation High flow Inundation to ≤ 0.3 m
V3 Maintain Tamarix/Salix shrubland High flow, low flow and low 100% of time shallow groundwater; Jul – Sep
flow pulse waterlogging; inundation by summer flow
pulse events ≤ 30 days; soil salinity 10 –
30 psu
V4 Maintain Tamarix/Salix woodland High flow, low flow and low 100% of time shallow groundwater (at 1.5 –
flow pulse 3.0 m); inundation by summer flow pulse
events ≤ 30 days; soil salinity 10 – 30 psu
V5 Maintain sand flats High flow and low flow 100% of time shallow groundwater (at
≤ 1.8 m); soil salinity ≥ 30 psu
V6 Maintain Suaeda salsa High flow pulse Inundate once per year for ≤ 30 days or 30 to
180 days of varying depth from -0.1 to
+0.1 m; 100% of time shallow groundwater
(at 1.8 m); soil salinity 5 – 30 psu
V7 Maintain Phragmites australis High flow and low flow 100% of time waterlogging; varying
grassland inundation 0 – 0.5 m deep (1.5 m max.; 0.3 m
mean) in summer
19. Birds
No. Objective Flow component Hydrologic/hydraulic
criteria
B1 Foraging Low flows Expose Carex
B2 Foraging Low flows Shallow water (<0.3 m)
over submerged or
emergent aquatic plant
community with mud or
sand base
B3 Foraging Low flows Expose mudflats
B4 Wintering area Low flows Maintain ice free water
bodies*
B5 Food supply and breeding High flows Inundate areas of
submerged macrophytes
(Vallisneria, Phragmites,
Typha, Carex, Tamarisk)
B6 Foraging High flow recession Gradually receding water
levels from Bankfull peak
B7 Mudflat foraging habitat Bankfull An annual event that
creation supplies enough sediment
load to at least maintain
delta area
B8 Summer-autumn habitat Bankfull An annual event to
area inundate backwaters and
wetlands
20. Geomorphology
Geomorphologic-based objectives and flow requirements.
No. Objective Flow Hydrologic criteria Mean annual Inter-annual Timing Reach Reference
component frequency/duration frequency
G1 Scour and deposition processes Bankfull 2,600 - 4,000 m3/s ≥ 1 per year / ≥ 1 day* ≥4 in 5 years Jun – Reach 1 Richards et al.
to maintain dynamic and diverse duration Sep (2002)
habitats in the channel and
connected floodplains
3
G2 Maintain channel capacity at Bankfull 2,600 - 4,000 m /s ≥ 1 per year / ~10 – 30 ≥4 in 5 years Jun – All Liu et al. (2006)
3
4,000 m /s days duration; Sep reaches
rates of rise and fall within
natural range
8
G3 Seaward progradation of the Bankfull Sediment load >3.45 × 10 ≥ 1 per year ≥4 in 5 years Jun – Reach 4 Wang K et al.
delta tonnes at Lijin; event mean Sep (2007); Wang et
sediment concentration al. (2010)
3
≥ 35 kg/m
G4 Flow into delta wetland Bankfull >3,000 m3/s to allow ≥ 1 per year / ≥ 10 days* ≥4 in 5 years Jun – Reach 4 Jiang Xiaohui
channels to maintain channel gravity flow days duration (or as Sep (YRCC, pers.
form (and also provide required) comm., November
freshwater and nutrients to the 2010)
delta wetlands)
* Based on expert opinion; refinement of this criterion will require investigation.
21. Set objectives for each asset and important process
•Ecological management objectives (what level of river health is desired?
taking account of constraints, and other uses of the river)
•Hydraulic/hydrologic objectives to achieve the ecological objectives
22. Set objectives
• 18 Fish objectives
• 6 Water quality objective
• 8 Bird objective
• 8 Macroinvertebrate objectives
• 4 Geomomorphic objectives
• These can be rationalised to a smaller group for evaluation
– 13 objectives
23. Key Obj. met Objectives description Flow component
obj.
A F1; M1 Prevent habitat loss through drying of shallow areas Cease to flow
B B1; B2; B3 Expose Carex and mudflats; shallow water over submerged aquatics Low flow
C F2 Maintain shallow habitats with moderate-high velocity for shallow water dwelling species Low flow
and spawners during low flow periods
D WQ1, WQ2, WQ3, Dilute contaminants to Grade III standard Low flow and high flow
WQ4
E V3; V4 Maintain Tamarix/Salix shrubland and woodland Low flow and high flow
F M2; M5; F3; F4; F11; Maintain reasonable area of habitat for most of the time for longitudinal connectivity, Low flow and high flow
F16 survival of large-bodied fish, maintenance of primary productivity in the estuary; and
maintenance of DO levels in deep pools
G F6; F7; F9 Provide suitable habitats for spawning, allow access of large bodied fish to backwater High flow
and wetland habitats; maintain downstream transport of semi-buoyant eggs within the
water column; and sufficient depth in pools for large-bodied fish
H V1; B5; M3; M4; F14 Maintain submerged aquatic vegetation High flow
I V2 Maintain meadow vegetation High flow
J M6; F8 Maintain favourable salinity at estuary and mouth for rearing of Chinese shrimp; and High flow
maintain salinity gradient for anadromous fish spawning migration
K V3; V4; F10 Maintain Tamarix/Salix shrubland and woodland; and replenish/maintain water in river Low flow pulse
associated wetlands and backwaters
L F5; F10 Stimulate spawning, migration (anadromy and potadromy) and maintain habitat High flow pulse
continuity between near-shore/estuarine and freshwater habitats to allow free upstream
passage; and replenish/maintain water in river associated wetlands and backwaters
M G1, G2, G3, G4, Scour and deposition processes to maintain dynamic and diverse habitats in the Bankfull
WQ6; B6; B7; B8; M7; channel and connected floodplains; maintain channel capacity at 4,000 m /s; seaward
3
M8; F12; F13; progradation of the delta; allow flow into delta wetland channels for habitat provision and
physical maintenance; provide low velocity littoral habitats for small bodied species; and
maintain shallow pool crossings with moderate-high velocities
24. Hydrological and hydraulic modelling
Determine the characteristics of the flows (magnitude, duration,
frequency and timing) required to meet the objectives
25. Hydraulic model
Convert Hydraulic index to flow index
• 1-dimension
– Inexpensive
– Cover a long reach
– Cross-section average Mean velocity V Depth D
• 2-dimension
– Expensive
– Cover a short reach
– Depth-averaged Mean velocity V
Depth D
28. Lower Yellow River data
• 370 cross-sections
– Surveyed every year
• Use for 1-D model of whole river
• 3 sites surveyed in detail
– Lijin
– Huayuankou
– Yiluo junction
• Use for 2-D model
29. Establish flow rules
Integrate the information through collaboration:
•Produce a set of practical flow rules that stakeholders agree on
•Create options with different levels of risk to the health of the assets
30. Huayuankou recommendation – low risk
Objectives met Flow component Hydrologic criteria Mean annual Inter-annual Timing
frequency/duration frequency
F1; M1 Cease to flow No cease to flow Continuous 100% of the time All year
B1; B2; B3, F2; WQ1, Low flow Dec ≥ 307 Continuous ≥ 75% of the time Dec - May
WQ2, WQ3, WQ4; Jan ≥ 280
V3; M2; M5; F3; F4;
Feb ≥ 321
F11; F16
Mar ≥ 377
Apr ≥ 463
May ≥ 430
F6; F7; F9; V1; B5; High flow Jun ≥ 434 Continuous ≥ 75% of the time Jun - Nov
M3; M4; F14 Jul ≥ 783
Aug ≥ 1,137
Sep ≥ 1,124
Oct ≥ 866
Nov ≥ 543
V3; V4; F10 Low flow pulse ≥ 2,000 ≥ 1 per year / ≥4 in 5 years Nov - May
1 – 30 days;
rates of rise and fall
within natural range
G1, G2, G3, G4, Bankfull 3,000 – 4,000 ≥ 1 per year / ~10 – ≥4 in 5 years Jun – Sep
WQ6; B6; B7; B8; 30 days duration;
F12; F13; F5; F10 rates of rise and fall
within natural range
31. Huayuankou recommendation – medium risk
Objectives partly met Flow Hydrologic Mean annual Inter-annual Timing
comp criteria frequency/duratio frequenc
onen n y
t
F1; M1 Cease to No cease to flow Continuous 100% of the All year
flow time
B1; B2; B3, F2; WQ1, Low flow Dec ≥ 185 Continuous ≥ 75% of the Dec - May
WQ2, WQ3, WQ4; Jan ≥ 174 time
V3; M2; M5; F3; Feb ≥ 191
F4; F11; F16 Mar ≥ 229
Apr ≥ 284
May ≥ 263
F6; F7; F9; V1; B5; M3; High flow Jun ≥ 265 Continuous ≥ 75% of the Jun - Nov
M4; F14 Jul ≥ 466 time
Aug ≥ 754
Sep ≥ 744
Oct ≥ 534
Nov ≥ 335
G1, G2, G3, G4, WQ6; Bankfull 3,000 – 4,000 ≥ 1 per year / ~10 – 30 ≥4 in 5 years Jun – Sep
B6; B7; B8; F12; days duration;
F13; F5; F10 rates of rise and fall
within natural range
V3; V4; F10 Not
provi
ded
32. Model water resources availability
What are the impacts on river users from the flow options?
33. Experience and recommendations
Experience
--- Get new think, method from Australian expert
---The result close to the think of river manager, and can be
implement
Recommendation
---The e-flow assessment can be applied in other river in China