Aquaculture continues to significantly expand its production, making it the
fastest-growing food production sector globally.
However, the sustainability of the sector is at stake due to the predicted effects of climate change that are not only a future but also a present reality.
In this Lecture, we review the potential effects of climate change on aquaculture production and its implications on the sector ’ s sustainability.
Various elements of a changing climate, such as rising temperatures, sea-level
rise, diseases and harmful algal blooms, changes in rainfall patterns, the uncertainty of external inputs supplies, changes in sea surface salinity, and
severe climatic events have been discussed. Furthermore, several adaptation options have been presented as well as some gaps in existing knowledge that
require further investigations.
Status of seagrass ecosystem in Kauswagan, Lanao Del Norte and Laguindingan, ...Innspub Net
The study was conducted to determine the present status of seagrass resources of Laguindingan, Misamis Oriental and Kauswagan, Lanao del Norte and compared this through time with secondary data. It employed the transect-quadrat methods. Perpendicular to the shoreline, three (3) 100-m transect lines at 200-m interval between each transect were laid. Seven seagrass species were recorded comprising 38.6% of the total number (19) of seagrass species found in the Philippines. The seagrass community in all sites surveyed showed that it is highly dominated by Thalassia hemprichii species. However, there were no significant differences in species richness and diversity based on single-factor ANOVA statistical analysis (p>0.5). The abundance of T. hemprichii could probably be due to the prominent characteristic of this species where it could grow well in different types of habitat with various environmental conditions. The condition of seagrass beds in both areas were fair and the low Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index of seagrass in Kauswagan, Lanao del Norte (H’=0.76±0.22) and in Laguindingan, Misamis Oriental respectively (H’=0.40±0.35) indicate low stability in the community, which means that the condition of the seagrass ecosystem could be under threat, both from natural and anthropogenic activities. Over time, a fluctuating trend in species composition and a notable decline in seagrass species diversity and abundance have been observed in both areas. This present status calls an immediate response from the decision makers concerned for the sustainable management and conservation of the seagrass resources.
Climate Smart aquaculture/Agriculture is the approach towards sustainable development of agriculture and allied sectors reducing the emission of GHG gases from aquaculture sector/agriculture sector at the same time increase the productivity that support the nutritional security of millions of people . Climate Smart aquaculture(CSA) topic was presented by me at college of fisheries lembucherra, agartala CAU, imphal. All the content and important data has been taken from authentic sources.
Aquaculture continues to significantly expand its production, making it the
fastest-growing food production sector globally.
However, the sustainability of the sector is at stake due to the predicted effects of climate change that are not only a future but also a present reality.
In this Lecture, we review the potential effects of climate change on aquaculture production and its implications on the sector ’ s sustainability.
Various elements of a changing climate, such as rising temperatures, sea-level
rise, diseases and harmful algal blooms, changes in rainfall patterns, the uncertainty of external inputs supplies, changes in sea surface salinity, and
severe climatic events have been discussed. Furthermore, several adaptation options have been presented as well as some gaps in existing knowledge that
require further investigations.
Status of seagrass ecosystem in Kauswagan, Lanao Del Norte and Laguindingan, ...Innspub Net
The study was conducted to determine the present status of seagrass resources of Laguindingan, Misamis Oriental and Kauswagan, Lanao del Norte and compared this through time with secondary data. It employed the transect-quadrat methods. Perpendicular to the shoreline, three (3) 100-m transect lines at 200-m interval between each transect were laid. Seven seagrass species were recorded comprising 38.6% of the total number (19) of seagrass species found in the Philippines. The seagrass community in all sites surveyed showed that it is highly dominated by Thalassia hemprichii species. However, there were no significant differences in species richness and diversity based on single-factor ANOVA statistical analysis (p>0.5). The abundance of T. hemprichii could probably be due to the prominent characteristic of this species where it could grow well in different types of habitat with various environmental conditions. The condition of seagrass beds in both areas were fair and the low Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index of seagrass in Kauswagan, Lanao del Norte (H’=0.76±0.22) and in Laguindingan, Misamis Oriental respectively (H’=0.40±0.35) indicate low stability in the community, which means that the condition of the seagrass ecosystem could be under threat, both from natural and anthropogenic activities. Over time, a fluctuating trend in species composition and a notable decline in seagrass species diversity and abundance have been observed in both areas. This present status calls an immediate response from the decision makers concerned for the sustainable management and conservation of the seagrass resources.
Climate Smart aquaculture/Agriculture is the approach towards sustainable development of agriculture and allied sectors reducing the emission of GHG gases from aquaculture sector/agriculture sector at the same time increase the productivity that support the nutritional security of millions of people . Climate Smart aquaculture(CSA) topic was presented by me at college of fisheries lembucherra, agartala CAU, imphal. All the content and important data has been taken from authentic sources.
Climate change ,adaptation and mitigation in fisheriesSWAGATIKA SAHOO
Climate change impacts on aquatic and marine ecosystems and associated livelihoods are growing, and the purpose of this circular is to provide a brief overview of potential impacts and details of ongoing and completed adaptation activities. Sharing examples will aid planning and development of adaptation in fisheries and aquaculture, and this compilation is intended to provide a starting point for planners, policy-makers, and practitioners who are involved in sectors related to fisheries and aquaculture around the globe. This introduction provides an overview of climate change impacts on fisheries and aquaculture. The presentation reviews potential mitigation and adaptation options for fisheries and aquaculture at various scales. This is followed by an overview of selected adaptation activities at various scales to demonstrate the types of activities underway or completed around the world, primarily in developing countries. This is not a comprehensive review of adaptation actions – there are other resources that provide more in-depth reviews of adaptation. However, this circular aims to provide examples of the kinds of adaptation activities specifically addressing fisheries and/or aquaculture.
Coral reef Threats, conservation and Restoration.pptxVIRENDRA KUMAR
Coral reefs are some of the most diverse ecosystems in the world. About 25% of the ocean's fish depend on healthy coral reefs. Unfortunately, coral reef ecosystems are severely threatened. Some threats are natural, such as diseases, predators, and storms. Other threats are caused by people, including pollution, sedimentation, unsustainable fishing practices, and climate change, which is raising ocean temperatures and causing ocean acidification. Saving and restoring the world's coral reefs requires a multi-pronged approach that ranges from the local to the global level.
Introduction to illegal fishing in Asia and the PacificSimon Funge-Smith
Introduction to illegal fishing in Asia and the Pacific.
The 9th Asia Regional Partners’ Forum on Combating Environmental Crime (ARPEC)
22-23 June 2010, United Nations Conference Center (UNCC), Bangkok, Thailand
Ocean overfishing is simply the taking of wildlife from the sea at rates too high for fished species to replace themselves. The earliest overfishing occurred in the early 1800s when humans, seeking blubber for lamp oil, decimated the whale population. Some fish that we eat, including Atlantic cod and herring and California's sardines, were also harvested to the brink of extinction by the mid-1900s.
Gendered youth transitions to adulthood in the Drylands: Implications for tar...CGIAR
This presentation was given on 19 December 2019 by Esther Njuguna-Mungai (CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals), Ms. Katindi Sivi-Njonjo (GLDC Affiliated PhD student) and Dr. Eileen Bogweh Nchanji (International Center for Tropical Agriculture / CIAT) as part of the webinar ‘Gendered youth transitions to adulthood in the Drylands: Implications for targeting'. The webinar was co-organized by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research and the CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals.
Read more about this webinar at: https://gender.cgiar.org/webinar-youth-dryland/
Find out about other webinars hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/webinars/
Climate change ,adaptation and mitigation in fisheriesSWAGATIKA SAHOO
Climate change impacts on aquatic and marine ecosystems and associated livelihoods are growing, and the purpose of this circular is to provide a brief overview of potential impacts and details of ongoing and completed adaptation activities. Sharing examples will aid planning and development of adaptation in fisheries and aquaculture, and this compilation is intended to provide a starting point for planners, policy-makers, and practitioners who are involved in sectors related to fisheries and aquaculture around the globe. This introduction provides an overview of climate change impacts on fisheries and aquaculture. The presentation reviews potential mitigation and adaptation options for fisheries and aquaculture at various scales. This is followed by an overview of selected adaptation activities at various scales to demonstrate the types of activities underway or completed around the world, primarily in developing countries. This is not a comprehensive review of adaptation actions – there are other resources that provide more in-depth reviews of adaptation. However, this circular aims to provide examples of the kinds of adaptation activities specifically addressing fisheries and/or aquaculture.
Coral reef Threats, conservation and Restoration.pptxVIRENDRA KUMAR
Coral reefs are some of the most diverse ecosystems in the world. About 25% of the ocean's fish depend on healthy coral reefs. Unfortunately, coral reef ecosystems are severely threatened. Some threats are natural, such as diseases, predators, and storms. Other threats are caused by people, including pollution, sedimentation, unsustainable fishing practices, and climate change, which is raising ocean temperatures and causing ocean acidification. Saving and restoring the world's coral reefs requires a multi-pronged approach that ranges from the local to the global level.
Introduction to illegal fishing in Asia and the PacificSimon Funge-Smith
Introduction to illegal fishing in Asia and the Pacific.
The 9th Asia Regional Partners’ Forum on Combating Environmental Crime (ARPEC)
22-23 June 2010, United Nations Conference Center (UNCC), Bangkok, Thailand
Ocean overfishing is simply the taking of wildlife from the sea at rates too high for fished species to replace themselves. The earliest overfishing occurred in the early 1800s when humans, seeking blubber for lamp oil, decimated the whale population. Some fish that we eat, including Atlantic cod and herring and California's sardines, were also harvested to the brink of extinction by the mid-1900s.
Gendered youth transitions to adulthood in the Drylands: Implications for tar...CGIAR
This presentation was given on 19 December 2019 by Esther Njuguna-Mungai (CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals), Ms. Katindi Sivi-Njonjo (GLDC Affiliated PhD student) and Dr. Eileen Bogweh Nchanji (International Center for Tropical Agriculture / CIAT) as part of the webinar ‘Gendered youth transitions to adulthood in the Drylands: Implications for targeting'. The webinar was co-organized by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research and the CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals.
Read more about this webinar at: https://gender.cgiar.org/webinar-youth-dryland/
Find out about other webinars hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/webinars/
In 2015, the world witnessed two critical global agreements – the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Paris Climate Agreement. Both agreements emphasize the need to enhance gender equality while developing response measures to address climate change, reduce food insecurity and improve nutrition. This webinar looks at how gender can be incorporated in this process.
Agnes Quisumbing, Ruth Meinzen-Dick, and Jemimah Njuki
POLICY SEMINAR
Gender Equality in Rural Africa: From Commitments to Outcomes
Co-Organized by the Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (ReSAKSS) and IFPRI
DEC 12, 2019 - 12:15 PM TO 01:45 PM EST
Challenges Encountered by Urban Women Farmers in their Agricultural ActivitiesBRNSS Publication Hub
The roles of women in agricultural production, particularly in food production and processing are very germane.
Despite this fact, women are often faced with severe constraints that affect their agricultural productivity. This
study examined the challenges facing urban women farmers in Lagos Metropolis. A total of 255 urban women
farmers were sampled from three different locations with the metropolis. Focus group discussions and in-depth
interview were organized to further elicit information on the subject matter. Using the grand mean score, the
study revealed that the most severe challenges faced by the women farmers in their urban agricultural activities
are access to credit facilities, access to land and access to adequate input, respectively.
The Impact of Poverty on Under 5 Children in Rural Communities of the West Af...GABRIEL JEREMIAH ORUIKOR
Background: Under 5 children mortality is a significant
public health issue in West Africa, where poverty is
prevalent. Poverty is a complex and multifaceted issue that
affects various aspects of life, including health outcomes.
The impact of poverty on under 5 children mortality has
been extensively studied in West Africa, and this review
aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the
findings of these studies.
Methods: This review is aqualitative Narrative review in
which systematic review procedures were employed to
search, select, and extract data from overviews that meet
eligibility criteria for this study. The search yielded a total of
1,245 articles; published between 2005 and 2023 in West
Africa, including Nigeria, Ghana, Mali, and Senegal. 78
articles were selected for full-text review, out of which 30
met the inclusion criteria and included in the final analysis.
The studies used different study designs, including crosssectional, cohort, and case-control studies. The sample sizes
ranged from 100 to 10,000 participants.
Results: The findings of the studies showed that poverty has
a significant impact on under 5 children mortality in West
Africa. Children from poor households were more likely to
die before their fifth birthday compared to children from
wealthier households. Poverty also affected the health
outcomes of mothers, which in turn affected the health
outcomes of their children. The studies identified various
factors that contribute to the impact of poverty on under 5
mortality, including malnutrition, lack of access to
healthcare, poor sanitation, and inadequate housing. The
studies also highlighted the role of community-level factors,
such as social support and community participation, in
mitigating the impact of poverty on under 5 mortality.
Conclusion: Poverty affects various aspects of life,
including access to healthcare, nutrition, and basic
amenities, which in turn affects the health outcomes of
children. Community-based interventions that address the
underlying causes of poverty and improve access to
healthcare and basic amenities should be strengthened,
designed better and implemented in collaboration with
stakeholders to ensure their effectiveness and sustainability.
Further research is needed to identify effective interventions
that can improve health outcomes in impoverished
communities.
The webinar was a culmination of a month long online discussion organized by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), CGIAR Research Program on Livestock, the Climate Smart Agriculture Youth Network (CSAYN), AgriProFocus, and ICCO Cooperation.
As a wrap-up to the online discussion, this webinar discussed novel opportunities for youth, practitioners, policymakers, scientists, technical experts and other stakeholders emerging in the discussion and provided an impetus towards developing a framework for concrete youth engagement in agribusiness within the context of a changing climate.
Presentation by Wouter Kleijn (ILRI) at the webinar on Engaging African youth in agribusiness in a changing climate.
The webinar took place on 30 August 2017 and was organized by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), CGIAR Research Program on Livestock, the Climate Smart Agriculture Youth Network (CSAYN), AgriProFocus, and ICCO Cooperation.
A presentation by Dr. Benjamin Davis, Director, Inclusive Rural Transformation and Gender Equality Division, Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
A presentation by Dr. John Ulimwengu, ReSAKSS Africawide Coordinator, Senior Research Fellow, Africa Region, International
Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
#2021ReSAKSS - Plenary Session I – presentation by Dr. Eliane Ubalijoro, Executive Director, Sustainability in The Digital Age, Global Hub Director, Canada, Future
Earth, and Co-editor of the 2021 Annual Trends and Outlook Report (ATOR)
African countries have diversified both their exports and trade partners over the last decade, African agricultural trade still suffers from structural problems as well as exogenous shocks. Against this backdrop, the 2021 Africa Agriculture Trade Monitor (AATM) analyzes continental and regional trends in African agricultural trade flows and policies. The report finds that many African countries continue to enjoy the most success in global markets with cash crops and niche products. At the intra-African level, countries are becoming more interconnected in trade of key commodities, but there remain many potential but unexploited trade relationships. The report examines the livestock sector in detail, finding that despite its important role in Africa, the sector is concentrated in low value- added products that are informally traded. The report also examines trade integration in the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU), which remains limited due to factors including tariffs, nontariff measures, poor transport infrastructure, and weak institutions. Finally, the report discusses the implications of two major events affecting African trade in 2020 and 2021: the COVID-19 pandemic and the implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA).
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
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BONKMILLON Unleashes Its Bonkers Potential on Solana.pdfcoingabbar
Introducing BONKMILLON - The Most Bonkers Meme Coin Yet
Let's be real for a second – the world of meme coins can feel like a bit of a circus at times. Every other day, there's a new token promising to take you "to the moon" or offering some groundbreaking utility that'll change the game forever. But how many of them actually deliver on that hype?
Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership NetworksGRAPE
Seminar on gender diversity spillovers through ownership networks at FAME|GRAPE. Presenting novel research. Studies in economics and management using econometrics methods.
Lecture slide titled Fraud Risk Mitigation, Webinar Lecture Delivered at the Society for West African Internal Audit Practitioners (SWAIAP) on Wednesday, November 8, 2023.
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
How to get verified on Coinbase Account?_.docxBuy bitget
t's important to note that buying verified Coinbase accounts is not recommended and may violate Coinbase's terms of service. Instead of searching to "buy verified Coinbase accounts," follow the proper steps to verify your own account to ensure compliance and security.
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Abhay Bhutada Leads Poonawalla Fincorp To Record Low NPA And Unprecedented Gr...Vighnesh Shashtri
Under the leadership of Abhay Bhutada, Poonawalla Fincorp has achieved record-low Non-Performing Assets (NPA) and witnessed unprecedented growth. Bhutada's strategic vision and effective management have significantly enhanced the company's financial health, showcasing a robust performance in the financial sector. This achievement underscores the company's resilience and ability to thrive in a competitive market, setting a new benchmark for operational excellence in the industry.
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
How Non-Banking Financial Companies Empower Startups With Venture Debt Financing
Youth participation in small-scale fischeries, aquaculture and value chains
1. Youth participation in small-scale fisheries,
aquaculture and value chains
Indika Arulingam, Likimyelesh Nigussie, Sonali Senaratna Sellamuttu and Liza
Debevec
2. Overview
Objective: To take stock of the current status in relation to
the engagement of youth in small scale fisheries and
aquaculture and value chains in 8 FISH focal countries in
Africa (Egypt, Nigeria, Tanzania and Zambia) and the Asia-
Pacific.
Methodology
• Review of peer-reviewed and gray literature: 98
publications
• Key Informant Interviews: 20 interviews
Largely desk-based study.
3. Introduction
The population of those from ages15-24
expected to reach 1.3 billion by 2050 (FAO et
al. 2014).
At present, nearly 90% of individuals aged
between 10 and 24 years live in low- and
middle-income countries (Blum and Boyden
2018).
In Africa, only 3 million job opportunities are
created for the 11 million individuals who enter
the job market this year (ADB 2017).
Widely believed that youth are leaving behind
livelihoods in agriculture, for other options
(White, 2012).
4. Findings
Definition of youth
• Youth as a social category is highly contextual -
defined not only by age but also gender,
education, marital status, engagement with the
labour market, and other factors (Pyburn et al.
2015).
• In some cases the definition of youth has a
gendered angle. For e.g. women can be expected
to act more as adults after puberty, as certain
cultural restrictions set in.
Country/institution Youth age bracket
Egypt 18-30 (Sika 2016)
Nigeria 18-35 (MoYD 2009)
Tanzania 18-35 (MoLYD 2007)
Zambia 15-35 (MoYS 2015)
African Union 15-35 (AUC 2006)
5. Cont’d
Data on youth in Fisheries and aquaculture
• Youth involvement in aquaculture, small
scale fisheries and value chains is under-
studied (FAO, 2016). One of the reasons for
this is lack of reliable statistics.
• Data on the participation of young women
and girls are even more sparse, as in many
cases, fish processing is carried out within
the households (FAO 2016c ).
• From what is known, for most youth, the
fisheries sector is not the first choice of
employment (KIIs)
6. Cont’d
Gaps in policies
• In some cases sectoral polices and programs
consider women and youth as “disadvantaged” or
“vulnerable” groups, leads to generalizations of
characteristics and needs of the groups.
• Also, these policies consider youth without other
intersectional identities, and fail to consider
different forms of engagement within the value
chain nodes. This leads to an assumption that a
single approach is sufficient to meet needs of the
group (te Lintelo 2012).
• Encouraging big fish farms and giving less
attention to small farms which are dominated by
women and youth, systematically lea (KIIs).
7. Constraints
Participation
• The positioning of women and men in the SSF and
aquaculture value chains frequently takes on a
gendered dimension, with certain niches such as
processing and post-harvest activities (e.g.,
marketing) carried out by a higher number of
women.
• It is a common trend, globally, for export production
plants to employ women, due to the lower wages
that could be paid to female employees, and their
perceived docility and nimbleness at work (Kibria
1998).
• While doing these types of work, women (including
young women) face discrimination in terms of work
and pay in addition to the danger of various forms of
harassment (Nuruzzaman et al. 2014; Bene and
Merten, 2008 )
8. Cont’d
• In the aquaculture sector in Africa, the “Big 5” entry
barriers that limit the engagement of youth as
owner-operator – high quality and affordable seed,
feed, capital, markets, decision making, and
knowledge – can be further extended to include
land.
• Further amplified in the case of young women
(Adesugba and Mavrotas, 2016; FAO, 2014), While
young people might face certain constraints due to
age, with time, young men are able to shed this
dependency, while young women might continue to
face similar or other constraints due to gender
relations and social norms (Pyburn et al. 2015).
• Ecosystems with diminishing productivity
(Venkatachalam et al. 2010)
9. Cont’d
Access to land
• Most young people in the study countries do not own
land, unless they inherit it from their parents.
• Among the youth, young men have the opportunity to
inherit land from their parents. However, due to large
family size and small land size, not all young men in a
given household have the opportunity to inherit land
from their parents. This challenge is further magnified
in the case of women due to cultural restrictions.
• Although government policies provide equal land
rights for men and women, effectiveness of such
policies is curtailed by lack of social legitimacy
(Agarwal 1994).
10. Key Opportunities
• Employment and entrepreneurship
opportunities in the fast growing
aquaculture sector (Hishamunda et al.
2014)
• Moving down the value chain beyond
primary production might hold potential
(KIIs)
• Opportunities with increased integration of
ICT technologies (still to be tested) (KIIs)
11. Four pathways for a more youth-inclusive program
under FISH
• Understanding the impact of economic, political
and social shifts at global-national-local levels on
youth involvement in aquaculture and small-scale
fisheries.
• Analysis of the policy architecture that impact
youth involvement in aquaculture in small-scale
fisheries.
• Understanding youth aspirations and perceptions
of aquaculture and small-scale fisheries.
• Building a youth-oriented approach to aquaculture
and small-scale fisheries.
12. Follow up field-based study
Study Site: in Oyo, Ogun, Lagos and Anambra
states of Nigeria.
Research questions
• How do SSF and aquaculture policies and
target young men and women?
• What are the opportunities and challenges for
youth to participate in SSF and aquaculture?
• How do the above two questions interact with
aspirations of young men and women?
This template is to be used for a WIDE screen like LED TVs or newer projection screens.
If preparing a presentation for a STANDARD screen or older projection screen then please use the 4x3 format presentation template instead.
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According to FAO (2014), lack of reliable statistics, especially on the socioeconomic profile in the aquaculture sector, makes it difficult to integrate the concerns of specific groups such as youth.
Not all of the sectoral policies on agriculture, fisheries and aquaculture make explicit mention of youth as a target category. Of the policies that do, the grouping of youth together with women and other groups considered ‘vulnerable’ is a common theme, with references made to supporting these groups in overcoming barriers to engagement.
Anyidoho et al. (2012) highlighted that when a group is considered vulnerable or marginal and in need of empowerment, as has been the case in the youth policies discussed above where youth are often grouped together with women and other ‘disadvantaged’ groups, it leads to generalizations of the characteristics and needs of the group. Considering youth as individuals without other intersectional identities, and with different forms of engagement with the agriculture, SSF and aquaculture sectors increases the likelihood of policies which assume that a single approach is sufficient to meet the needs of the entire group (te Lintelo 2012).
In the case of Egypt, there are few cases of exploitation of women (including young women) that sell fish by road corners (which is an illegal act). Women fish retailers, in most cases, do not have licenses to sell fish and they are arrested once or twice a week. Police apprehend them when they sell on the street corner. These women also have limited bargaining power.
In Zambia, fish for sex is reported as a challenge women (including young women) are facing in small-scale fisheries. In a report by Bene and Merten (2008), fish for sex refers to particular “arrangements” between female fish traders and fishermen where the female fish traders engage in sexual relationships with the male fishers to secure their supply of fish, which they then process and sell to support their families. The report further indicated that such transactional sex is perceived to happen as a result of individual economic impoverishment. Specifically, female fish traders who do not have the money needed to buy fish from male fishers are “forced” to agree to sex to secure their access to fish. Various documents make it clear that a large majority of women engaged in fish for sex are older women (married, widowed and divorced), though single, young and unmarried women (some still adolescent) are also engaged in this practice. This was also confirmed by key informants from Zambia.
They are faced with the challenge of accessing land for aquaculture production, particularly in the case of young women, and also with navigating systems of power in accessing any rights that are made available to them.
Barriers to key assets: Young men and young women have unequal access to assets, including information, financial services, land and other productive assets, with young women tending to face greater structural barriers such as inheritance norms and gender bias in the provision of financial and other services.
In Africa, young women in many communities engaging in aquaculture and SSF face cultural restrictions in inheriting land or accessing inherited land. Even in jointly managed ventures, their ability to influence decisions on how the land is managed is often curtailed.