Yosemite Slough Restoration, Phase 1
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The Yosemite Slough Restoration Project involved restoring tidal wetlands by breaching levees along the slough. Key steps included preconstruction surveys, mass grading of tidal areas, soil remediation, importing and spreading bay mud, constructing a snowy plover nesting island, and breaching the levees during low tide. The breach allowed the first incoming tide to flow into the newly restored wetlands, which was celebrated in San Francisco.
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The document discusses slope processes and landslides in Pakistan. It provides details on different types of slope movements including rock falls, landslides, rotational slips, mudflows, solifluction, and soil creep. It also discusses factors that affect slope processes such as rock type, geological structure, climate, tectonic activity, vegetation, and human activities like construction. Stabilizing slopes can be done through planting vegetation, improving drainage, using wire nets and stakes, and reducing gradients.
1.ce206 lecture 1-2
This document provides an overview of geotechnical engineering and soils. It discusses the origin of soils through weathering of rocks, including physical and chemical weathering processes. It describes different types of soils based on their mode of deposition, such as alluvial, lacustrine, marine, aeolian, and colluvial soils. It also discusses major soil types found in India like black cotton soils, marine soils, and desert soils; and their key engineering properties. The document provides useful background information on soil formation and classification for geotechnical engineering applications.
Chapter 6 (other related geological hazard)
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction
Chapter 6 (other related geological hazards)
1. Landslide
2. Sinkhole
LANDSLIDES
This document discusses landslides, including their types, causes, investigation methods, and mitigation techniques. It begins by defining landslides and identifying their socioeconomic significance, such as increased risk due to urbanization and climate change. The main landslide types are described based on material and movement. Investigation methods are then outlined, including mapping, aerial photo interpretation, subsurface exploration, monitoring, and stability analysis. Finally, various mitigation techniques are presented, such as retaining walls, soil nails, drainage improvements, and slope reinforcement.
ENV 101 Ch10 lecture ppt_a
The document discusses various topics relating to soil resources and soil science. It covers the formation of soils from bedrock and their development over time into distinct soil horizons. Key factors that influence soil formation are also examined, including climate, organisms, parent material, relief and time. The document also addresses soil properties, components, classification systems, and the importance of soils for agriculture and other uses.
Alki
Alki Beach in Seattle faces significant geological hazards. It is located near the Seattle Fault Zone under Puget Sound, which caused earthquakes and tsunamis. Loose sediment deposits from glaciers covering the underlying terrain can slip and slide during seismic events, amplifying tsunamis. The region is prone to landslides due to steep slopes and loose, saturated soil from glacial history. Visiting Alki Beach shows evidence of unstable land through sinking poles and cracks. Reckless deforestation has caused landslides in the past.
Causes of gEOLOGIC hAZARDS.docx
The document discusses the causes of landslides and sinkholes. It identifies several natural causes of landslides including climate, earthquakes, weathering, erosion, volcanic eruptions, and forest fires. It also discusses human causes such as mining and clear cutting. For sinkholes, natural causes include dissolution of sedimentary rocks, while human causes involve underground water pumping. The document provides examples of different types of landslides and sinkholes.
Introduction and types of soil mechanics
The document provides an introduction to soil mechanics and soil types. It defines soil mechanics as the branch of engineering that deals with the properties and behavior of soil. It discusses the different types of soils based on their geological origin such as glacial soil, residual soil, alluvial soil, and aeolian soil. It also classifies soils based on engineering properties such as clay, silt, sand, gravel, cobbles, and boulders. The key factors that influence the engineering behavior of soils like particle size, shape, mineral composition are also highlighted.
Weathering, Erosion & Deposition
The document discusses various natural processes that shape the Earth's surface over time, including erosion, deposition, and weathering. It provides examples of different types of erosion such as water erosion, glacial erosion, and wind erosion. It also describes related landforms that result from erosion and deposition processes, such as deltas, moraines, and meanders. Various agents that cause weathering and erosion are identified, such as water, wind, ice, and plants.
Unit 9 Weathering.pptx
This document discusses weathering and soil development. It defines weathering as the breakdown of rock over time through physical or chemical processes. Physical weathering includes frost wedging, root wedging, and abrasion. Chemical weathering is caused by contact with water and acids. Weathering breaks rocks into sediments and affects landscapes. Factors like climate, rock type, and biological activity determine soil depth and type. Weathering is part of the rock cycle and is a dominant geological process in most areas.
Sample Environmental Events Log Entries Ocean Acidific.docx
The document contains summaries of multiple articles and studies related to environmental events:
1) Ocean acidification is increasing as the ocean absorbs more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere at unprecedented rates, threatening calcifying organisms.
2) A NASA expedition is studying how ocean salinity relates to climate change and how it can provide insights into rainfall patterns and fluctuations in the water cycle.
3) A study found that Arctic winds have changed direction, transporting warmer air into the Arctic and contributing to record ice loss in recent years with potential impacts on Northern hemisphere climate.
Great Sand Dunes National Park Capstone
The document provides an overview of the geomorphology and landforms of the Great Sand Dunes National Park in Colorado. It describes how the sand dunes were formed through erosion of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains by frost weathering, mass wasting, and fluvial erosion. Sediment is transported by rivers to the valley floor and by wind to the east side of the valley where the dunes accumulate. Over millions of years, the ongoing rifting of the Rio Grande Valley will destroy the dunes as the mountains erode away. Currently the dunes are sustained through cycles of building by wind and erosion by creek waters.
SINKHOLE GEOPHYSICS
This document discusses sinkholes and methods for detecting them, specifically comparing geophysical techniques. It defines true sinkholes as geological features formed by rock or sediment dissolving and moving into underground voids. Anthropogenic subsidence is also discussed, caused by human activities like mining. The focus is on detecting these features in Florida, where limestone geology and abundant groundwater make sinkholes common. Geophysical methods like ground penetrating radar and seismic surveys can identify subsurface voids and anomalies indicating sinkhole risk, helping address this costly problem and ensure public safety.
sm-ich-1-150513173810-lva1-app6891.pptx
This document provides an introduction to soil mechanics and soil types. It defines soil mechanics as the application of mechanics and hydraulics to problems dealing with soil. Soil is formed through weathering of rocks by physical and chemical processes. There are different types of soil based on geological formation processes like glacial, residual, alluvial, aeolian soils. Engineering classification is based on particle size and includes clay, silt, sand, gravels and cobbles/boulders. The study of soil mechanics is important for foundation design, construction materials, slopes/landslides, retaining structures, and special problems like effects of water/frost.
Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.C.docx
Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 10
Weathering and Mass Wasting
Visualizing Physical Geography
by Timothy Foresman & Alan Strahler
1
© 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter Overview
Weathering
Slopes and Slope Processes
Mass Wasting
2
© 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Weathering
All the processes that physically disrupt or chemically decompose a rock at or near the Earth’s surface.
Two types of weathering:
1. Physical weathering
2. Chemical weathering
Regolith = a surface layer of weathered rock particles that lies above solid rock, called bedrock.
Mass wasting = downhill movement of soil, regolith, and bedrock under the influence of gravity.
3
© 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
From rock to soil
Weathering
4
© 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
The vulnerability of rock surfaces to weathering depends on:
How much of the rock is exposed
Existing climate conditions
Ability of water, air, and microscopic organisms to penetrate the exposed surface
Weathering
5
© 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Joints
Pores
Weathering
Why are some granite bodies extensively jointed, while others are essentially joint free?
How might the presence of joints affect the rate of weathering?
6
© 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Joint-block disintegration
Weathering
When rocks with right angles appear in a landscape, this is a sign of probable _______.
a. granular disintegration
b. joint-block disintegration
c. lack of regolith
d. slow weathering processes
Granular disintegration
7
© 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Physical Weathering
Breakup of massive rock (bedrock) by physical forces at or near the Earth’s surface
(no chemical alteration of minerals)
Frost action
Frost cracking: water expands when it freezes, and fractures rock.
Dominant process in arctic and high-mountain environments.
Weathering
8
© 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Physical Weathering
Salt-crystal growth = Water evaporates from sandstone pores, leaving salt crystals behind. Crystals grow and disintegrate rock. Important in dry areas.
Growth occurs in arid and semiarid regions.
Weathering
9
© 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Physical Weathering
Exfoliation = Rock is exposed at the surface, releasing pressure, so rock expands slightly. Layers peel away.
Thermal Action: minerals expand when heated and contract when cooled; different minerals expand and contract at different rates; so internal stresses can crack rocks between mineral crystals
Biological Action: plant roots cracking rock, animal burrowing, etc.
Weathering
10
© 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chemical Weathering
The decomposition or decay of minerals in rocks by chemical reactions with water, oxygen, and acids.
Chemical reactions change minerals in rocks
Most effecti.
Liquefaction of Soil Geotech
Soil liquefaction occurs when loose, saturated sediments lose strength and behave like a liquid rather than a solid due to increased pore water pressure during periods of intensive ground shaking, such as during earthquakes. Liquefaction can cause major damage to buildings and structures. It is most common in loose, saturated, poorly drained soils like sands and gravels. The document discusses the causes and effects of liquefaction and methods for identifying liquefaction susceptibility and mitigating the risks.
Pre trip task yehliu geopark
The Yehliu Geopark in Taiwan has formed unique rock landscapes due to erosion from the sea and weathering processes over time. The park features six main landform types including hoodoos, pedestal rocks, ginger rocks, honeycomb rocks, tafoni, and mushroom rocks that were shaped by erosion from wind, water and freezing and thawing. Nature processes like weathering and erosion have created the beautiful rock formations in the geopark through the decomposition of rock layers and differential erosion of harder and softer materials.
Unit-4_Ground shaking final.pdf
It states the various ways of measuring earthquake and also about the strategies of countering earthquake through passive and active design stratgies
Natural and Anthropogenic Impacts on Sedimentation
The document summarizes natural and anthropogenic impacts on sediment accumulation processes in arid environments. Natural impacts include tectonics, climate, and storminess which control sediment production, transport, and deposition over long and short timescales. Anthropogenic impacts include water resource development leading to salinization, soil erosion, mineral extraction, aeolian and water hazards, and salt accumulation. Human activities can exacerbate natural geologic and climatic processes to alter sediment dynamics in arid regions.
exogenic-191201155250.pdf
The document discusses various exogenic (surface) processes including weathering, mass wasting, and soil erosion. It describes three main types of weathering - physical, chemical, and biotic weathering. Physical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces through mechanical processes like heating/cooling or frost action without changing the chemical composition. Chemical weathering alters the chemical makeup of rocks through oxidation, carbonation, hydration, or solution. Biotic weathering is caused by living organisms through root growth, burrowing, or human activities. Mass wasting and soil erosion are also exogenic processes that transport weathered material downslope or remove soil faster than replacement through water, wind, ice, or gravity.
Similar to Yosemite Slough Restoration, Phase 1 (20)
Sample Environmental Events Log Entries Ocean Acidific.docx
Sample Environmental Events Log Entries Ocean Acidific.docx
Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.C.docx
Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.C.docx
Natural and Anthropogenic Impacts on Sedimentation
Natural and Anthropogenic Impacts on Sedimentation
Yosemite Slough Restoration, Phase 1
- 1. YOSEMITE SLOUGH RESTORATION PROJECT Phase 1 Construction Preconstruction Conditions
- 7. 3D Topographic and Habitat Modeling
- 9. Mass Grading of Tidal Wetlands
- 10. Mass Grading of Tidal Wetlands
- 11. Soil Remediation
- 12. Soil Remediation
- 13. Fine Grading Tidal Wetland
- 15. Pulverizing and Spreading Bay Mud
- 16. Pulverizing and Spreading Bay Mud
- 17. Constructing a Snowy Plover Nesting Island
- 18. Preparing for the Breach
- 19. Preparing for the Breach
- 20. Preparing for the Breach During Low Tide
- 21. Breach During Low Tide
- 22. Breach During Low Tide
- 23. Breach During Low Tide
- 24. Breach During Low Tide
- 25. Breach During Low Tide
- 26. Daybreak After the Breach
- 28. San Francisco Celebrates New Wetlands